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In this paper, I discuss a definition of violence to unearth the generally unrecognised violence perpetrated by the logic of the market as is was constructed through a history of modern thought and capitalist organisation of life as the central system of modernity. Enslavement of humanity to the purpose of capitalist economy and its key institution, the market, which is to optimise economic value, is arguably the consequence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article locates the political economy of Southeast Asia's highly uneven and constrained development within the context of capitalism generally and, in particular, capitalism in its most recent "world market" stage. It concentrates upon development in a classically modernist sense, beyond narrow contemporary methodologically nationalist delimitations situated around growth, governance and official development assistance. It is argued that Southeast Asian development (much like the "developing world" generally) must be understood, first and foremost, in relation to key historical dynamics beyond the nation-state, including colonialism, superpower relations and, crucially, perpetually shifting relations of production. Importantly, each of these facets has played an important role in conditioning opportunities for social forces to realise their interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article traces Gramsci's concept of hegemony as it travels from Southern Italy to Egypt, arguing that the concept 'stretches', following Fanon, through an encounter with the nexus of capitalism and (post-)colonialism. I explore a reading of Gramsci's concepts in a postcolonial context, paying special attention to colonialism and anticolonialism as constitutive of the absence or presence of hegemony. Through an exploration of the Nasserist project in Egypt – the only instance of hegemony in modern Egyptian history – I show how colonialism and anticolonialism were central to the formation of Nasserist hegemony. Drawing on Edward Said, I look at two particular aspects of hegemony as a traveling theory to bring to light some theoretical entanglements that arise when Gramsci travels, in turn highlighting the continuing theoretical potential thinking through such entanglements, as well as of thinking with Gramsci in Egypt and the broader postcolonial world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For decades, industrialization has served as the most important key concept for structuring comprehensive and specialized studies in the field of 19th and 20th century social and economic history of many countries. How do the dominant views change if, instead, capitalism is used as the structuring key concept? Both concepts are products of the 19th century. They address similar aspects of reality and can be used for synthetical purposes. They can be used in studies with different spatial dimensions: from micro to global scales. They can be combined. But they differ as to the time spans they cover, the temporal perspectives they stress, and the way in which they combine analytical and critical functions. Recently we observe a dramatic re-emergence of the concept capitalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We held the 'Revolutions' conference in 2017 to commemorate the Russian Revolution and redeem the actual record of revolutions in the Third World for the left. A quarter-century after the demise of the USSR, we found liberal capitalist triumphalism unwarranted. Two of the most important expectations to which it gave rise – that the world had become 'unipolar' and that it would enjoy a 'peace dividend' – remained unfulfilled. Instead, the world became multipolar and the West, led by the United States, engaged in unprecedented economic and military aggression against countries that contested its power. If this were not enough, social unrest and explosions in the First World as well as the Third underlined the relevance of revolutions. To trace their lineage, we recall capitalism's intimate relation with revolution. It has needed revolutions to usher it into history and to usher it out. In addition to revolutions against developed capitalism, we also underline how important and necessary revolutions against nascent capitalism in various parts of the world have been. The contributions in this volume explore different parts of this lineage and vivify revolutions for our time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we combine infrastructure studies and black radical traditions to foreground how imperial remains deeply inform the logics that bring forth contemporary large‐scale infrastructures in Africa. The objective, prompted by the ongoing avid promotion of such architectures on the continent, is to contribute to an analysis that centres race in these projects. Our argument is that these initiatives have to be understood in relation to inherited material and discursive scaffoldings that remain from the colonial period, through what we refer to as imperial remains and imperial invitations. These remains and invitations demonstrate how recent mega infrastructures inhere, in their planning, financing and implementation, a colonial racialism, despite rhetorical claims to the opposite. Empirically, we draw, principally, on China built and financed infrastructure projects from Kenya, and theoretically upon black radical traditions in order to foreground a longer genealogy of black pathologising and resistance to it on the continent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article discusses poor people at the bottom of the pyramid (BOP) of global income distribution and how businesses can can best reach out to these people. The authors state that literature concerning BOP has touted the group as a significant opportunity for businesses, yet there is little stating how to practically implement such an opportunity. The authors present two BOP case studies to outline a context that mitigates managerial complexity. The authors conclude that existing BOP models can be used to cultivate new markets that include the poor and are also profitable.

The English language is replete with metaphors that use sport to describe daily life as a kind of game. Many of our sports metaphors date back to an earlier time when the most popular games were games of chance, poker and horse racing. In the latter part of the 19th century the team sports of baseball and football (to be followed by basketball and hockey and later still by lacrosse and soccer) began their ascendancy to the top of the American imagination. At the same time, capitalism was becoming the dominant economic system in America. As capitalism became more industrial, team sports gained in popularity (10). These sports are face to face and hard hitting, emphasizing quick, strategic decision making; athletic moves; and team play. Throughout the phases of 19th- and 20th-century capitalism, from personal to managerial to fiduciary (3), capitalism has come to value similar skills in its executives, managers, and investors. This connection between sports and capitalism is reflected in and emphasized by our metaphorical language connecting sports and work. No metaphor is more powerful than competition and the idea of the competitive market as a winner-takes-all, no-holds-barred dogfight. This article examines metaphors that illuminate the competitive aspects of capitalism and its focus on winning but also metaphors that emphasize cooperation and ways that capitalism improves the lives not only of the winners but also of all who choose to play the game by its rules. Although sports metaphors invoked to describe capitalist competition may appear to cast an unflattering light on both capitalism and sport, on a deeper analysis those metaphors appeal to many of us because they reveal a closer resemblance to the Latin root of the word "competition" and its cooperative, pareto-improving implications. Just as healthy competition in sports requires cooperation, healthy capitalism is also, ultimately, a cooperative endeavor. I will argue that metaphors imported from and expanded through our experiences of sport reveal many, while concealing other, aspects of capitalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Between 20007 and 2017 approximately 5000 children of the Wayúu tribe in the Guajira state in Colombia died, largely from an inability to gain access to clean water. A severe drought is a proximate factor to this massive loss of life, but the drought concealed a larger historical, political and economic context that was fundamental to this humanitarian crisis. A context dominated by the needs of our present epoch of global capitalism and not simply the consequences of regional corruption or the weakness of the Colombian state. In the case of Guajira, transnational coal mining interests have for decades worked to dispossess indigenous communities from their lands while capturing more of their water resources to facilitate the operation of the largest open-pit mine in the world. This demand for coal, land and water was facilitated by factions of Colombia's political establishment on a national and regional level that viewed such investments as necessary for development and/or as a source of funding for corruption and political violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Capitalism and colonialism are so deeply intertwined that it seems that efforts to decolonize capitalist markets are necessarily doomed to failure. However, some Indigenous businesses do attempt to function according to decolonial and Indigenous values and principles, even though they exist within and interface with a larger capitalist context. This article examines such efforts in the Indigenous art market in Canada -- a market that raises issues of both economic and cultural imperialism. It is based on fieldwork conducted in two contexts: (1) in Vancouver, British Columbia, with Northwest Coast artists and entrepreneurs whose objective is to gain greater control over the commodification of their cultural heritage, and (2) in the Upper Mauricie region of Québec with members of the Atikamekw Nehirowisiwok Nation who are working to develop their art market in a way that respects their values and nurtures their ways of life. These two examples provide ethnographic grounding to the following questions: What do on-the-ground attempts to decolonize and indigenize capitalist markets look like? What is the difference between making market relations "less colonial" and making them "more Indigenous," and what is the interplay between the two? To what extent can these processes cross over from reform to the actual dismantlement of colonial power structures and institutions? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay critically examines the relationship between capitalism, development, and settler colonialism using Kakaʻako, an urban district of Honolulu, Hawaiʻi, as a case study. Given that Kakaʻako's luxury development boom is occurring in conjunction with a severe cost-of-living crisis, I argue that the corporate-driven renewal of Kakaʻako constitutes a settler colonial project of erasure and accumulation through Indigenous dispossession. Crucially, the participation of Indigenous landowning entities in Kakaʻako's redevelopment highlights the need to understand how capitalist exploitation can operate across the settler-native binary through the deployment of a worldview that renders land a commodity. In contrast, the Kanaka Maoli worldview understands land as ʻāina - that which feeds. This understanding undergirds calls for aloha ʻāina, a relationship of responsibility and respect between the land and its people. In rural spaces, aloha ʻāina has been enacted as resistance against colonialism and development, but settler spatial regimes have largely been successful in framing Honolulu as 'settled' space. I argue that when exercised in the city, aloha ʻāina provides a historically situated, place-based, and radical framework for urban spatial justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines how transformations in political economy and digital technology point toward potential post-neoliberal futures. Outlining the contours of a crisis of neoliberal hegemony, the authors explore how technological developments have contributed to political economic dynamics of market failure and oligarchic capture, resulting in new forms of digital precarity. As evidence, the paper examines a specific post-neoliberal discourse called neoreactionism (NRx), which has developed out of the distinct culture of Silicon Valley. NRx represents a specific vision for resolving conflicts inherent to neoliberalism by intensifying oligarchic capture and the acceleration of technology. While NRx is a techno-authoritarian discourse that exists largely outside of mainstream academic discussions, it is indicative of how transformations in late capitalism are fueling the rise of anti-democratic consciousness and identification. In response, the authors conclude with suggestions for developing post-neoliberal approaches to educational studies that are able to challenge these troubling reactionary trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of capitalism on the quality of life has been much debated. Albert O. Hirschman has classified the views of the impact of capitalism on the quality of life as civilizing, destructive, and feeble. I believe that multinational corporations (MNCs) should be and could be a civilizing force in today's cosmopolitan but turbulent world. A number of initiatives will be discussed with special emphasis on business contributions to human rights and to the achievement of past and present United Nations (UN) initiatives. As MNCs undertake these initiatives, they will do well by doing good. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we analyze data from high‐quality surveys conducted in the United States and the United Kingdom that included multiple symbolic and operational measures of political ideology and psychological orientations. Our overarching goal is to elucidate the nature of conceptual and empirical connections between neoliberalism and social conservatism. In so doing, we revisit three major questions about public opinion in neoliberal societies: (1) Are ordinary citizens "innocent" of ideology? (2) Are social and economic dimensions of ideology structurally and functionally independent? (3) Are support for laissez‐faire capitalism and opposition to welfare—hallmarks of neoliberal ideology—unrelated or negatively related to authoritarianism? In contrast to previous investigations relying upon fewer and poorer measures, we found that ordinary citizens do indeed hold coherent political attitudes, and their attitudes about social and economic issues are closely aligned. For instance, we observed that for five previously published ideological instruments, social and economic attitudes were robustly correlated in two large U.S. samples (with rs ranging from.40 to.69)—for respondents who were relatively low (.31 ≤ r ≤.60) as well as high in political sophistication (.50 ≤ r ≤.77). Contradicting prior claims, we found no evidence that support for the free market was negatively associated with authoritarianism for any group of respondents or any measure of authoritarianism. On the contrary, economic conservatism and the endorsement of neoliberal attitudes were strongly associated with right‐wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, economic system justification, and gender‐specific system justification (with rs ranging from.53 to.76). We conclude that the political belief systems of ordinary citizens are coherently organized around support for versus opposition to both social and economic forms of inequality in contemporary capitalist societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research has found negative effects of "market" as a global concept on trust. The current research differentiated the effects of two market attributes on trust. Study 1 found a negative effect of market priming on interpersonal trust. Study 2 manipulated the representations of the two market attributes by rendering either impetus or rule attribute relatively salient. The results showed that compared with highlighting impetus, highlighting rule improved interpersonal trust and facilitated trust recovery. In Study 3, we analyzed macroeconomic indicators and applied cross‐temporal meta‐analysis to reveal the negative relationship between reduced interpersonal trust and damaged market rule as reflected by the marketization index. The present research explains why Chinese marketization has negatively impacted interpersonal trust: Market rules that protect interpersonal trust have been weakened during the process of marketization, whereas the impetus attribute of market, which is harmful to interpersonal trust, has become more salient. These findings highlight the importance of establishing comprehensive market rules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses annual meeting 2017 of Association for Humanist Sociology in U.S. topics discussed include views on social condition of women in U.S.; role of the humanist in higher education; and political influence over education in U.S. It also mention several consequences of Capitalism in society.

Contemporary concerns with the prospects for capitalism and its potentially deleterious effects are an episode in an ongoing debate over commercial society going back nearly three centuries. Adam Smith and Jean-Jacques Rousseau were leading figures on opposed sides in the eighteenth-century debate, and yet scholars have recently highlighted the remarkably similar way Smith and Rousseau both diagnose the potential psychological, moral, and economic ills of commercial society. Why, then, does Smith advocate commercial society, while Rousseau opposes it? We argue that Smith's divergence from Rousseau is decisively based on his distinct account of human psychology. Specifically, we demonstrate that Smith's theory of mutual sympathy differs from Rousseau's understanding of pity (pitié) such that Smith is led to be cautiously optimistic about the potential for positive-sum moral, social, and economic interactions among individuals, or what we term the "moral economy." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to present the findings of a study about the youth's experiences in relation to the available means of securing a livelihood. This is done by exploring the concept of a corporate social responsibility development framework, as suggested by Voiculescu (2014). Data were collected from a sample of young people between the ages of 18 and 29 years, by means of in-depth and focus group interviews. Theoretical thematic analysis was applied to interpret the findings. The participants' narratives revealed the impact of coloniality and the challenges youths face in securing a livelihood. The findings revealed that the impact of capitalism contributes to young people adopting delinquent behaviour, or aggravates their failure to fulfil their aspirations in life. The findings also suggest that participants identified other factors that prohibit their ability to secure their livelihood,including lack of access to natural resources. All of these exacerbate the difficulties youth face in their daily lives, which lead some to be idle or to participate in informal trade to make a living. Furthermore, labour market constraints, such as high unemployment rates, make young people vulnerable and discourage them. The present study provides a baseline analysis of the scope of the challenges confronting unemployed youth in South Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses how global spread of capitalism and increasing impact of cultural globalization intersect the "prosperity Buddhism" that have emerged in recent years in Burma/Myanmar, as of December 2018. It reports how these changes resource mainly for women to get success in business and can provide them with a way to negotiate Buddhist identity in order to acquire a sense of ontological security in urban areas.

This article examines the conflict between cultural heritage and the current forces of global competition in Europe. The nature of management in European organizations is in a state of transition, influenced by competing forces of economic, social, and political integration or disintegration. A review of European research is used to question the idealistic picture of the Single European Market as a unifying force that will simplify international human resource management in multinationals. Taking a comparative rather than international human resource management perspective, the paper identifies the factors that have created national patterns of HRM within Europe. A dynamic and comparative force field framework of HRM is developed in order to understand the managerial frames of reference that are currently guiding the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following article offers a critique of the "critical imagination" thesis espoused by Murray and Ozanne in a recent article published in the Journal of Consumer Research. Also provided is a commentary on the proposed utilization of the Frankfurt Circle version of critical theory as a groundwork for consumer research. The possibility of emancipatory action stemming from critical consumer research is broadly discussed. Diversions on these themes are offered as potential areas for theory building and for the formulation of alternative conceptions of critical consumer research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This author maintains that the social-economic-political configurations in the West are moving toward a completely new scenario. The classical fight between capital and labor might then be replaced by a coalition, based on participative leadership. Thereby the growing consumer-oriented state bureaucracy would be balanced and democracy and pluralism retained within a system of controlled market economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Society has bestowed substantial wealth, status, and power upon corporate managers as recompense for their contributions to contemporary American life¿and, in fact, large business has become synonymous with American capitalism. This second of a two-part series delves into three more aspects of corporate power: technological power, power over the environment, and, particularly, political power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Making the assumptions that it is an overriding national policy to have a competitive free enterprise system and that this system will not serve the needs of our society without some form of regulation, the author gives a conceptual view of the regulatory process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disputing the generally accepted view of Weber's essays on bureaucracy, this paper argues that these writings were not concerned with problems of organizational efficiency or effectiveness. The prevalence of such understanding is attributed to mistranslation of Weber's manuscripts. A more suitable interpretation is presented, and its ramifications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses trade union conflict and agreement with American ideology in the 1960's. The dominant elements of the U.S. trade union movement are conservative, job-conscious, nonideological, and concerned with mainly short-run economic goals. Some critics say the labor movement is essentially a protest movement and a vehicle for social change. The most prominent conflict between unionism and certain U.S. ideals is that unions represent economic collectivity which critics fear will retard social progress and disrupt social harmony.

The high rate of new black retail ventures' failure indicates that present methods of fostering black capitalism are failing. This paper examines the present shopping patterns, attitudes, and preferences of ghetto residents, non-residents employed in the ghetto, and white residents from surrounding neighborhoods. Based on an analysis of the marketing environment, recommendations for a systems approach to ghetto retail renovation are made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes how kin-related values, norms, and practices become entangled in the hegemony of global supply chains. Our collaboration focuses on the Made in Italy fast fashion sector, where the ultimate flexible workers are Chinese migrants. We home in on a paradox: half of the births in this Italian textile city are to foreign women, yet once weaned many of these babies are then sent to China. This circulation of children gives rise to a host of new discourses and interventions on parenting from various institutions and experts. We develop and use an encounter ethnography framework to contrast the expert views of childhood circulation with those of immigrant parents. We argue that global households underwrite capitalism through noncapitalist elements that are integral to the economic organization that fast fashion requires. Parents find value in circulating children in its power to activate systems of reciprocity across kin, to create networked bodies across territories, to secure affective bonds across generations, and to free up time so as to enhance their ability to work and make money. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article responds to several issue reviews of the author's book "Gendered States of Punishment and Welfare: Feminist Political Economy, Primitive Accumulation, and the Law." Topics include the relation of capitalism to coercive aspects of prisons and policing, the relation of gender to the history of capitalism, and the notion of primitive accumulation in Marxian economics.

Capitalism in northern societies is entering an age of advanced precarity. On the one hand, postindustrial societies are confronted by growing surplus populations for whom there exist few positive functions in the market. These new ‘dangerous classes’ are increasingly subject to surveillance, discipline, and exclusion as the policing and penal instruments of the state are called upon to detect and contain risk. On the other hand, capitalism’s ‘insiders’ are increasingly consigned to a precarious life of hyperflexible labor and generalized insecurity. Confronted with a growing mass of ‘social detritus’, augmented by advances in automation and catalyzed by accelerating flows of capital, states in the Global North will increasingly be forced to mobilize the disciplinary instruments of policing and punishment to contain the swelling ranks of problem populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article locates social media management literature in relation to broader shifts in management ideology. While studies of recent management ideology have highlighted its emphasis on the participation and autonomy of labor, they have largely failed to address how similar discourses have developed with respect to the informal 'digital labor' of social media users. I argue that the 'new spirit of capitalism' has spread from the formal workplace to the internet, and from the employee to the user. More specifically, I carry out a thematic analysis of 'Web 2.0 manifestoes' that finds them to be animated by three central 'frames': (a) user participation; (b) the pooling together of the contributions arising from that participation via the network; and (c) the resulting transformation of business and society. I conclude by pointing to the persistence of these sorts of 'normative' managerial discourses around social media, even with the recent prevalence of more 'rational' data-centered discourses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salt has a commanding metaphorical and material presence in the history of Western culture and proves an ideal substance for the study of a wide variety of interlocking phenomena. This paper explores salt’s role in The History of Mary Prince and in the broader historical circumstances in which this narrative is set. The relationship between salt, slavery, and capitalism’s growth is discussed in terms of the Lacanian concept of extimacy, or intimate exteriority, in order to bring into focus the relevance of Prince’s experience over ten years in the salt ponds. Through close readings of Prince’s narrative, this extimate relationship is investigated in the light of the historiography of race and the contemporary epidemic of hypertension among members of the African diaspora. The essay then considers the use of salt mines today as archival spaces and concludes by examining salt production in Britain during the Romantic period and its connection to West Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The infrastructures and assemblies of machines that constitute the digital communications environment are constructed from a range of resources, which are transformed into artefacts through chains of production, maintenance, and disposal. These background conditions of everyday use, however, remain a blind spot for much mainstream communications inquiry. This paper asks why, and argues that the increasing centrality of digital technologies to the organization of advanced capitalism, coupled with the rapid expansion of the Internet of things and artificial intelligence, propels the materiality of media to the center of analysis, raising major ethical questions about their social and environmental costs that call for the development of a new moral economy of machines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For almost a decade, Facebook has maintained two internal organizations to commission and create artworks for Facebook offices around the globe. This paper maps those enterprises, their organizational practices, and the aesthetics they promote. It then builds on recent work in the critical sociology of capitalism to make two cases: one, that the ways Facebook works with the arts marks a radical departure from traditional, industrial-era corporate collecting practices; and two, that Facebook’s arts initiatives mirror and help legitimate profit-seeking techniques particular to social media. Together, it concludes, these features give us a glimpse of the ways that surveillance-based for-profit media such as Facebook are creating new relationships between the arts, the corporation, and their respective publics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From Marx to Althusser, the materialist approach has tended to assume that individuals (that is, workers, proletarians and other social actors) unconsciously reproduce the social structures of capitalism that alienate them. It is assumed that individuals accept the conditions forced upon them and no longer seek to rebel against a world that substantially impoverishes their labour, their spirit and their creativity. In this paper, I suggest that by favouring Marx’s concept of alienation almost exclusively, there is a considerable risk that materialist thought will take only a negative path and remain stuck in the very Hegelian idealism that it intends to surpass. Whilst I acknowledge Marx’s significance to materialism, I argue that his stance should be combined with that of the anarchist and libertarian French thinker Proudhon. Proudhon presents a conception of the worker as more than just alienated. Workers can also cooperate and experience a reciprocity seemingly at odds with the character of capitalism. Under Proudhon’s influence materialism takes a positive turn, enabling us to avoid falling into the utopianism that the theory of social economy employs to critique capitalism—a utopianism that renders its critique even less effective than that of Marx. Today, Proudhonian theory also allows us to envisage the end of capitalism without necessarily rejecting the very concept of work. It thus improves on theories of ‘basic income’, for example, which persist in seeing in work nothing but negativity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the development since the beginning of the 1980s of the narrative current in U.S. historical sociology, its central characteristics, and its core methodological resources and concepts. The author demonstrates how this current, led by Andrew Abbot, William Sewel, Margaret Somers, and Larry Griffin, began its slow decline when questions once again arose about capitalism in the social sciences sparked by the 2008 global economic crisis. The article offers evidence of both the time-based and spatial reductionism involved in this approach, even though the current has pretensions of causing a break. This limitation is shown based on its failure to upgrade modern social theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personalized care and market-based approaches to public service provision have gained prominence in a range of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries. Australia has recently joined this trend, launching a complex and expansive programme of individualized care funding for disability through the National Disability Insurance Scheme. Public sector markets (i.e. where governments either directly fund a market by way of competitive tendering, or through personal budgets) have been embraced by actors at different points of the political spectrum and for a range of reasons, including efficacy and efficiency gains, empowerment of citizens and efforts to cater for diversity. Despite the growing dominance of public sector markets and individualized funding, many questions about the role and responsibility of governments in managing and regulating these markets remain unanswered. In this article we outline different roles governments might assume in the creation and management of public sector markets, based on the types of risks governments are willing to take responsibility for. We argue that to fulfil the social contract between government and citizens, governments need to ensure that markets are properly stewarded and embedded in broader social safety nets. This, we contend, can ensure citizens receive the gains of market models while being protected from market failures or market-produced inequities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, the issue of the aestheticisation of capitalism, and the commercial and everyday world too, is taken for granted. It is a widely accepted approach to understand the 21st century paradigm. However, the aestheticisation issue itself recurrently takes the blame for the present situation and so the field of aesthetics is assuming rather negative new meanings. Historically, this can be considered part of the legacy of recent postmodernism. It is true that aesthetics and a sort of aestheticism drive many consumerist behaviours across the world at present. Nonetheless, consumerism is just one social behaviour among many others1 in which the aesthetic faculty, the sense of beauty or ugliness, is at work. However, from design and the design culture points of view, aestheticisation may not necessarily carry evils; on the other hand, it could also be a consequence of a careful and ethical approach to the making of things while preserving their original values. Is it possible to develop an aesthetic discourse outside arts and fine arts? Is it possible to reflect upon all those humble, useful and pretty things that populate everyday life for so many people across the world? In fact, aesthetic worth is seldom recognised and rarely appreciated if objects are not identified as pieces of art. Whether meaning the human faculty able to enjoy beautiful and attractive things, or the discourse about the feeling of enjoyment gathered historically by humanities, aesthetics can have a wider scope, much bigger than the small area that of Fine Arts deals with. An aesthetic dimension can and should be observed in every element that shapes daily life, whether commodities, appliances or tools that are noticed, touched and experienced through the senses, or places to live in and behave inside, breathing and enjoying a special atmosphere -- this factor can be perfectly adapted to screens and their sensitive representation of the world inside; the aesthetic dimension extends to benefiting from services as well, with their ensuing individual appearance duly converted into visual signs [[: -) =: ( this is a picture: see Fig. 1!]. Surprisingly, all these common and widely shared features of human life are at present rarely acknowledged as factors of humanising and civilising processes. This text aims to reflect upon the humblest and most common side of aesthetic behaviour and choices, these aesthetic joys that are so important in managing everyday life, communicating with other people, providing personal wellbeing and guaranteeing quality of life for a wide social community. The reflection in this text reviews philosophical aesthetics and considers that aesthetic appreciation and enjoyment are everlasting human behaviours, a human competence that operates to build up the artificial world. Then, because aesthetic categories for dealing with ordinary, trivial and everyday life are not easy to define theoretically and have rarely been considered by philosophical aesthetics, the aim of this chapter is also to show some positive aesthetic issues related to present everyday life as it is lived on both sides of the screen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the American author and editor Helen Gurley Brown’s adherence to feminism and capitalism, or marketplace feminism, through the late 1960s through the early 1970s. An overview of Brown's use of a photograph of the nude body of male actor Burt Reynolds in the centerfold of the magazine "Cosmopolitan" ("Cosmo") in 1972 is provided. The relationship between women's sexuality and feminism, including in regard to sexual liberation, is discussed.

Over the last four decades, as China has transitioned from a socialist centralized economy to a productivity-and-efficiency-oriented market economy, so too have the country's public and private spheres become increasingly differentiated. Although others attribute changing gender inequality to the market transition, we draw from Chinese feminist critical analyses and propose a theoretical framework regarding how the two-sphere separation in contemporary China, embedded in how gender equality was organized in the socialist time, has been driven by the state and is further justified by changing gender ideologies. We review the existing literature and identify gaps in research on how women's disadvantages in the public and private spheres-in the labor market and within the family-mutually reinforce each other in post-reform urban China. We also discuss how the dynamics of, and interactions between, the two spheres are justified by a changing gender ideology. Finally, by exploring gender inequality in the process of the two-sphere separation in a transitional context, we make an important contribution to the general sociological and gender literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, or even months, Polish scholars have gradually become more and more interested in moral capital. Generally, they have addressed this issue without going into much detail. Building on the latest publications which describe moral capital, this paper thoroughly explores the issue of the social and economic significance of moral capital. As a result, moral capital will be presented from two complementary points of view, namely sociological and economic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Profit-seeking firms are stereotypically depicted as immoral and harmful to society. At the same time, profit-driven enterprise has contributed immensely to human prosperity. Though scholars agree that profit can incentivize societally beneficial behaviors, people may neglect this possibility. In 7 studies, we show that people see business profit as necessarily in conflict with social good, a view we call anti-profit beliefs. Studies 1 and 2 demonstrate that U.S. participants hold anti-profit views of real U.S. firms and industries. Study 3 shows that hypothetical organizations are seen as doing more harm when they are labeled "for-profit" rather than "non-profit," while Study 4 shows that increasing harm to society is viewed as a strategy for increasing a hypothetical firm's long-run profitability. Studies 5-7 demonstrate that carefully prompting subjects to consider the long run incentives of profit can attenuate anti-profit beliefs, while prompting short run thinking does nothing relative to a control. Together, these results suggest that the default view of profits is zero-sum. While people readily grasp how profit can incentivize firms to engage in practices that harm others, they neglect how it can incentivize firms to engage in practices that benefit others. Accordingly, people's stereotypes of profit-seeking firms are excessively negative. Even in one of the most market-oriented societies in history, people doubt the contributions of profit-seeking industry to societal progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]