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This study aimed to validate the I-ADAPT scale to assess the individual adaptability to work within the Romanian population. Both a pilot study and a main study were conducted on a total sample of 966 Romanians. Following the application of standard scale validation procedures, the results of our study indicated that the I-ADAPT measure of work adaptability has good psychometric properties on the Romanian population. Our findings provide evidence that I-ADAPT continues to explain the unique variance in adaptability to work even if work patterns in the Covid-19 pandemic context moved more and more from a traditional to a virtual work environment. ROa I-ADAPT measure has excellent properties concerning convergent, discriminant, and criterion-related validity. One main finding was that the “Physical” dimension of adaptability to work had no empirical support in the Romanian population. Moreover, our results indicate that the “interpersonal adaptability” and the “cultural adaptability” dimensions cannot be empirically separated in the Romanian population. To our knowledge, this is the first validated instrument that can be used to assess the individual adaptability of Romanians in the context of work. Our study is relevant for decision-makers in Romania and such actors in other EU-member countries where Romanians represent the largest group of working-age EU citizens.

Our study introduces an enhanced version of the Importance–Performance Analysis (IPA) method, a powerful tool that can be applied across various domains. This method plays a crucial role in our research, aiding in making well-informed decisions about smart tourism destination attributes. We achieved this by evaluating how 911 consumers from four different generations (Baby Boomers, Generation X, Millennials, and Generation Z) rated these attributes based on their most recent tourist destination visit. Unlike traditional methods that often rely on subjective opinions or complex statistical models, the Improved IPA (IIPA) method offers a clear approach to decision-making. It enables decision-makers to focus on the most crucial attributes that drive consumer interest, thereby optimizing resource allocation and marketing efforts. Specifically, to remain competitive, decision-makers for smart tourist destinations should focus on queuing-time forecast and applications, websites, and content accessible for travelers with disabilities for Baby Boomers; e-complaint handling for Generation X; smart emergency response system for Millennials; and tourist-flow forecast, real-time traffic broadcast, electronic-entrance guard systems, and accessible data about physical design features of accommodation, restaurants, and tourist attractions for Generation Z. Theoretically, this study advances the research on managerial decision-making by demonstrating the effectiveness of the IIPA as a clear and straightforward method for making optimal decisions about product or service attributes. In practice, the study provides decision-makers with valuable insights into the importance of different categories of smart attributes in shaping the overall holiday experience at a tourist destination for Baby Boomers, Generation X, Millennials, and Generation Z tourism consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Are entrepreneurs born or made on campus? is one of the most frequent questions in the literature dedicated to student entrepreneurship. The field of study in relation to career anchors is one of the most investigated factors, and it is widely recognized that entrepreneurship education should be expanded beyond economics faculties and business schools. The purpose of this paper is to present the process of designing and delivering of a cross-campus Entrepreneurship course customized on varied non-economic fields of study (engineering, mathematics and nature sciences, health, social sciences, humanities and arts) and tailored on local business environment developed in an integrated manner in the package with two other courses: Career coaching and Life skills. The courses were developed within a project financed by the European Social Fund and were integrated into the curricula of all faculties of a comprehensive university, as optional or facultative courses. The paper provides an innovative approach to cross-campus entrepreneurship education, specifically on course design and delivery that integrates education for entrepreneurship with career coaching and life skills education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The addition of Generation Z/Centennials to the workplace landscape will bring about new challenges for the management of any organization. To tackle the changing work environment and workforce, we conducted a survey-based empirical exploratory study among students in economics from two universities located in the western part of Romania. Our study proposes an alternative view of the motivational potential, including the feeling of belonging to an organization in work settings. The aim was to explore the potential for the feeling of belonging to play the role of mediator between four distinct career attitudes and the turnover intention in the specific case of Romanian Generation Z members. Additionally, we investigated which variables are significant predictors for the feeling of belonging to an organization. The results indicate that is efficient to invest in creating belongingness for those Generation Z members inclined towards making moves between jobs and organizations (OMPA), for those who present the mental capacity to be mobile (BMA) and for those who can be adaptive in terms of performance and learning demands (SDA). For those Romanian Generation Z members who use their internal values to provide guidance and measure for success, including the feeling of belonging to an organization in work settings seems to be inefficient.

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The major unbalance of the world that we live in comes from the fact that the economic activity circumscribed to a profit logics does not purse with the same perseverance and rigor the objective related to the environment and to the development of the human being in its complexity. In this article, the solution that we are proposing is to protect resources by promoting the tourist Eco-Bio-Geo-Management, which targets, apart from economic objectives, also the objectives aiming at improving the involved persons and the surrounding world, by shaping the economic system in such a way so that the resources and support systems of life should be maintained, according to the thesis promoted by Lester Brown. While the traditional management is concerned with the quantity, competitiveness, growth, the Eco-Bio-Geo-Management considers particularly the quality, collaboration, preservation. The article departs from the current state of tourism in Bihor – Hajdú-Bihar Euro-Region, result of practicing the traditional management, the detailed subject of the first sub-chapter. Adepts of the idea according to which data gathering should also include the description, explanation, observation integrated in a systemic research, within which the manner of thinking seems to occupy the central place, as part of an unique, specific spiritual model, built in time, determining the motivation to use resources of a territory (zone, central area, region), we have proceeded to the work method accordingly. The second sub-chapter shows the negative impact of the traditional tourist management on the resource base with examples and data. Thus, in the foreground appear the arguments pleading for a new type of tourism management, namely the Eco-Bio-Geo-Management, a concept that is detailed in the third sub-chapter. The proposed model is based on systemic observation, statistic data and practical experience acquired from directly collaborating with the authorities and with the economic factors of the Euro-region. In the end, the conclusions are presented, which also open new research perspectives.

In the age of the digital revolution, attracting and retaining the youngest generation of employees, namely Generation Z, has emerged as a critical concern for organizations. The present study theoretically and empirically explores the relationship between workplace expectations and turnover intention mindset using a sample of 308 students as representatives of Generation Z in Romania. Our results indicate that work-life balance, work dynamics, and work rewards - promotions, each explain a significant proportion of variability in turnover intention mindset. Still, these relationships are moderated by work experience and work meaningfulness. Accordingly, we provide new insights into exploring differences in Romanian students as representatives of Generation Z members' turnover intention mindset through workplace expectations. We also provide practical recommendations for business leaders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To achieve sustainable performance, touristic rural firms must offer more than food, accommodation and transport services. In this context, heritage plays a key role in rural tourism, directly linked with a competitive offer based on innovation and a responsible and sustainable tourism. The promotion of original elements from the life and culture of an area represents a strong touristic attraction for a significant segment of tourists. These tourists look for authenticity and they want to observe the daily life of people interspersed with local cultural elements. In our paper, firstly, we will present the Romanian rural heritage, with his particular and unique elements. Then, it will be explained how heritage can be valorised like strategic resource in order to attain competitive advantage and economic development. Finally, some examples will be presented based on study-parts of two European project implemented in the Western region of Romania.

It is well known that economic education need adequately answers to global challenges. Despite to this, there is still a significant lack of understanding of how we can do this in practice. The purpose of this paper is to provide a possible answer, based on the idea of building economic education program focalized on the characteristics of the new generations of students. We structure the paper as follows: first we offer a first approach about actual economic education, analysing the importance of understanding the new generation of students – Y Generation. In the next section we present the research method used for the empirical analysis, and we develop three hypotheses, based on interviews and data analysis. In our opinion, the operationalization of education centered on student in the field of economics is influenced by pragmatic orientation, of the management of communications and dialogue with students and also by presenting realistic and business models. We test these hypotheses using a test administrated for 22 students in Management, enrolled in the second year, undergraduate studies. Then we include in our present paper the empirical results in order to show that all three hypotheses were confirmed. The results are presented with a thought description of the empirical analysis. Finally, discussion and conclusions are presented and implications for economic education are discussed.

The strategic organizational change aims is the change of procedures and systems, organizational structures and responsibilities but especially acquiring new knowledge and skills. Significant authors (Drucker: 1999; Kotter: 1996; Buckingham n Clifton: 2001), supporters of the theory of strategic leadership show an inclination for the idea of optimal management of an organization, which depends on circumstantial factors as place and time, the individual and the context in which it acts. Many experts who studied organizational change saw as possible the future replacement of the current state, desired only after completion of specific phases, in a certain sequence. In this article we will focus our attention on the reduction phase of resistance to change. The research objectives targeted both theoretical aspects consisting in bringing to the forefront the relevant aspects related to organizational change in the current context and practical aspects related to identifying and analyzing the main elements that make it possible or on the contrary act as brakes in way of introduction and implementation of change. To achieve the research objectives, we used the method of direct observation and the questionnaire method supported by the gathering of more information from the organization's documents (Beton Construct SRL) and support discussions with the employees. Data processing and analysis revealed that in the organization certain factors exist and manifest that constitute obstacles or inhibit organizational change, namely: the goal of the change is not clear, the rewards of change are not related to the effort needed to make them happen, change determines fear of failure, change is often imposed by coercion, change requires effort and commitment required for employees that think they do not have resources anymore. Summarizing the results of usage for certain methods and techniques to implement change, we can say that the actions of an authoritarian management must be reduced at a necessary minimum and positive communication and motivation must be improved of those who contributed to the change. Setting up an effective system to implement changes towards achieving and maintaining performance in our case, limited in time and space at contemporary bihorean space, like practical implication of our study, appears to be related to direct communication, the concentration of communication on solutions and not on problems, creating a climate of trust, time allocation and reconsideration for the notion of failure.

Romanian mentality, especially in rural areas is deeply influenced by culture, literature and history of the Romanian people. This proves to be both adaptable and rooted in the old Romanian traditions and customs. In the last two decades, the transition from socialism to capitalism, modern society, the socio-economic development of the country has left strong impressions on the way of thought, expression and action of the Romanian people. Women in rural areas are no exception. As some groups of people interested in their development of social-economic scale, rural women are trying to adapt, to evolve, to overcome the barriers imposed at psychologically, socially and financially. The paper highlights the results of a survey on a sample of 979 women students in the project "Entrepreneurship and Equal Opportunities. An inter-regional model for women entrepreneurial school "(AntrES acronym), which certified mediators intention to initiate their own business.The results of questionnaires have provided important information about the character, ambition, motivation, courage, and moral support and financial support to women entrepreneurs based in Romania, including those in rural areas. The information obtained inetrmediul "I shattered" 7 myths about starting a business in our country. Romanian entrepreneur spirit, women in rural areas in Romania is not only a manifestation of strong desire to improve living standards in financial terms, but rather an "effort" to improve and "beauty" of the individual, family, environment and society we belong! In developed countries, at its home, female entrepreneurship is trying to reform, to seek new solutions to rethink the principles, to exercise imagination, to learn. Here, in Romania standard behavior still predominates. Female entrepreneurs are doing what everyone else in the same category does. The future however belongs to those who will opt diversity, surprise, excitement, personalization. How could this happen in the Romanian rural environment and take place in a sustainable way?

It is more and more obvious that a proper planning of various activities/actions is a key of long-term success of a business organization. Writing a well grounded business plan is not easy, but nobody says that. What we can state is the fact that is worth it! Certainly no business plan guarantees success, but at least reduces the risk. And so the vulnerability can and should be reduced and kept under control. My research topic is integrated within the framework of the project called “The Entrepreneurship and the Equality of Opportunities. An Inter-Regional Model of Entrepreneurial School for Women (AntrES)”, implemented in 6 counties situated on the Western border of Romania. The main objectives of my paper were to explore the chances for success of the futures business delineated in the business plans and to prove that these business plans represent a resource of the female entrepreneurship in the Western part of Romania.

Management consulting helping organizations improve their performance, primarily through the thorough analysis of existing business problems and development of plans for improvement. There is probably no activity about which the opinions are so divided as management consulting. The purpose of this paper is to make some reflections upon what role play the consulting management services as professional service to the firms and how offering these services affects the offering and delivery of other services of the firms. The study is based on an office documentation research within consulting firms and resources. The approach tries to be critical and reflective, examines different consulting roles by developing a typology. The purpose is to aware of these professional services young business people. The FAQ of this service are: “How to choose the best consultant?” and “Why did fail consultant?”.

The purpose of this paper is to contribute to a better understanding of the critical factors responsible for the success of religious tourism in Romania, meaning a sustainable success. In the special case of religious tourism, this seems much easier to accomplish, but in Romania there is a lack of studies to show this. The research outcomes show that the critical/decisive/determinants success factors in religious tourism depends on: the attractiveness of the location, the avoidance of excessive exposure of the elements of the religious offer, the limitation of the commercial activity, and how participants behave. This paper is important, both for the assessment of religious tourism and for the possibility of the tourist destinations sustainable development strategy. The results of this research reveal that decisions should not be taken alone on the basis of a single set of factors, but that they should be taken together, taking into account all the factors involved. Also results indicate a focus on all stakeholders, highlighting current identified trends. The work is focused on how the experiences of religious tourism are evaluated, and it is followed by some conclusions and limitations. This study being a preliminary work, in the future, the research should address the relative importance of these factors for different segments of the religious tourism consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing competition in the tourism market entail the need for strategies focused on positioning and differentiation elements. A pillar of cultural tourism strategy in city of Oradea is the Fortress. By means of European funds, we are witnessing reintroduction of this Fortress into tourist circuit. A Fortress can get to be a vector of utmost importance for tourism in Oradea and Bihor County, but only under the conditions that will be preserved and enhanced the features as: value, rarity, inimitable and organization (exploitability). In this article are presented in detail these features, which we consider, that represents the core elements of the strategy based on cultural content. In our opinion, for a sustainable development, the efforts must be continued and directed towards creating an own identity, reason that elements such as mystery, story and participation cannot be missing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing competition in the tourism market entail the need for strategies focused on positioning and differentiation elements. A pillar of cultural tourism strategy in city of Oradea is the Fortress. By means of European funds, we are witnessing reintroduction of this Fortress into tourist circuit. A Fortress can get to be a vector of utmost importance for tourism in Oradea and Bihor County, but only under the conditions that will be preserved and enhanced the features as: value, rarity, inimitable and organization (exploitability). In this article are presented in detail these features, which we consider, that represents the core elements of the strategy based on cultural content. In our opinion, for a sustainable development, the efforts must be continued and directed towards creating an own identity, reason that elements such as mystery, story and participation cannot be missing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]