Search

The article is aimed at researching the specifics of the concepts of «innovation» and «Industry 4.0», based on a bibliometric analysis and a visualization of the results obtained. A review of 720 publications (articles and conference materials) from the Scopus scientometric database for the period of 2014-2020 was carried out, making use of the combination of two concepts with the boolean operator «AND». The Scopus database was searched in the field «title, abstract, keywords». The results were visualized using the VOSviewer software. As result of the study, the dynamics of publication activity by year and the corresponding number of quotations are determined. It is determined that publications mainly belong to one of the following areas of knowledge: engineering sciences, computer science, business, management and accounting. The authors who have the largest number of publications within the research subjects, as well as the most quoted studies, are allocated. It is defined that Germany, Italy, the United States, China, Brazil and the United Kingdom are the countries where innovativeness and Industry 4.0 issues are worked out in the most detail. The keyword clusters are also formed. The obtained results of the analysis and visualization are relevant and form the basis for a better understanding of the concepts of innovativeness and Industry 4.0. Prospect for further research in this direction is the detailed development of the Internet of Things and digital transformation.

The paper presents new data on the species composition of ground beetles of row crops in 10 municipalities of the Krasnodar Territory. Pursuant to the research results, 45 species of Carabidae were identified. The chorological analysis and the analysis of the ecological groups noted in the model areas were performed.

The article describes theoretical approaches to definition of the concept of relations marketing (clienting). It justifies urgency of introduction of client-oriented marketing approach in bank activity for provision of effective interrelation of the bank with its clients, development of long-term relations with the aim of stable economic development of a financial and credit institution. It considers practical possibilities of application of modern innovation technologies of the bank marketing.В статье освещены теоретические подходы к определению концепции маркетинга отношений (клиентинг). Обоснована актуальность внедрения клиентоориентированного маркетингового подхода в деятельности банков для обеспечения эффективного взаимодействия банка с клиентами, построения долгосрочных отношений с целью устойчивого экономического развития финансово-кредитного учреждения. Рассматриваются практические возможности применения современных инновационных технологий банковского маркетинга.

Liquid heat-insulation based on hollow microspheres and polymer compounds become more and more popular in the construction industry. This material enjoys indisputable technological advantages easiness of application, low mass, flexibility, good adhesion to different materials. Traditional non-organic heat insulating materials, widely presented on modern construction market, have some disadvantages. Foam concrete and gas silicate have relatively high average density, which enables obtaining items and materials with a fairly low thermal conductivity coefficient. These materials have high saturation coefficient and low values of cold endurance. Inside the mineral-wool plates, which are quite popular on the modern market, the hyperfine fibers transform into dust particles by time, and agglutinative compounds destruct, releasing toxic substances. The aluminosilicate microspheres have a high potential as a commercial product, but their market has just started forming. According to rough calculations, the cost of the product is next lower order to the hollow microspheres, obtained by industrial methods.

Mines now absorbing Industry 4.0 technologies face the challenges of production energy efficiency enhancement and energy safety improvement. Following the environmental standards involves the requirement of turning from diesel to electric drive of mining machinery and equipment. This significantly improves miners’ working environment in ore mines. At the same time, the share of energy consumption increases in the situation of low energy security of mines, particularly at peak loads. The article discusses the conditions, and proposes a scenario of mine energy supply system reliability enhancement. For this purpose, a mining engineering system is viewed as an energy asset, with identification of its expanding capabilities.

A modern coal mining enterprise, whether it is a coal open-pit mine or an underground mine, is a high-tech operation with a large number of various employee's equipment, both for basic technological operations and for auxiliary operations. The efficiency of minerals extraction, in particular coal, depends on the reliable operation of this equipment. The extraction area is the main production site on which mining of coal depends at the mine, that is why this particular production site should be given special attention in terms of its safe and efficient operation. Therefore, a comparative analysis of the performance indicators of the coal mine extraction area is an urgent task. The present study gives the analysis of standard and actual performance indicators of the extraction site in the conditions of the mine "Polysayevskaya" of JSC "SUEK-Kuzbass" for a typical month of extraction. The analysis provides prerequisites for increasing the efficiency of coal mining, which will affect the cost of production and the net profit.

Abstract Background Magnesium alloys as biodegradable implant materials received much interest in recent years. It is known that products of implant degradation can induce several types of immune response. Hence, the aim of this study was to examine the morphological changes of efferent lymph nodes after implantation of different resorbable magnesium alloys (MgCa0.8, LAE442) in comparison to commercially available resorbable (PLA) and non-resorbable (titanium) implant materials as well as control groups without implant material. Methods The different implant materials were inserted intramedullary into the rabbit tibia. After postoperative observation periods of three and six months, popliteal lymph nodes were examined histologically and immunhistologically and compared to lymph nodes of sham operated animals and animals without surgery. Haematoxylin and eosin staining was performed for cell differentiation. Mouse anti-CD79α and rat anti-CD3 monoclonal primary antibodies were used for B- and T-lymphocyte detection, mouse anti-CD68 primary antibodies for macrophage detection. Evaluation of all sections was performed applying a semi quantitative score. Results The histological evaluation demonstrated low and moderate levels of morphological changes for both magnesium alloys (LAE442 and MgCa0.8). Higher than moderate values were reached for titanium in sinus histiocytosis and histiocytic apoptosis (3 months) and for PLA in histiocytic apoptosis (3 and 6 months). The immune response to all investigated implants had a non-specific character and predominantly was a foreign-body reaction. LAE442 provoked the lowest changes which might be due to a lower degradation rate in comparison to MgCa0.8. Therewith it is a promising candidate for implants with low immunogenic potential. Conclusion Both examined magnesium alloys did not cause significantly increased morphological changes in efferent lymph nodes in comparison to the widely used implant materials titanium and PLA. LAE442 induced even lower immunological reactions. Therewith MgCa0.8 and especially LAE442 are appropriate candidates for biomedical use.

Abstract Background Recent studies have shown the potential suitability of magnesium alloys as biodegradable implants. The aim of the present study was to compare the soft tissue biocompatibility of MgCa0.8 and commonly used surgical steel in vivo. Methods A biodegradable magnesium calcium alloy (MgCa0.8) and surgical steel (S316L), as a control, were investigated. Screws of identical geometrical conformation were implanted into the tibiae of 40 rabbits for a postoperative follow up of two, four, six and eight weeks. The tibialis cranialis muscle was in direct vicinity of the screw head and thus embedded in paraffin and histologically and immunohistochemically assessed. Haematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to identify macrophages, giant cells and heterophil granulocytes as well as the extent of tissue fibrosis and necrosis. Mouse anti-CD79α and rat anti-CD3 monoclonal primary antibodies were used for B- and T-lymphocyte detection. Evaluation of all sections was performed by applying a semi-quantitative score. Results Clinically, both implant materials were tolerated well. Histology revealed that a layer of fibrous tissue had formed between implant and overlying muscle in MgCa0.8 and S316L, which was demarcated by a layer of synoviocyte-like cells at its interface to the implant. In MgCa0.8 implants cavities were detected within the fibrous tissue, which were surrounded by the same kind of cell type. The thickness of the fibrous layer and the amount of tissue necrosis and cellular infiltrations gradually decreased in S316L. In contrast, a decrease could only be noted in the first weeks of implantation in MgCa0.8, whereas parameters were increasing again at the end of the observation period. B-lymphocytes were found more often in MgCa0.8 indicating humoral immunity and the presence of soluble antigens. Conversely, S316L displayed a higher quantity of T-lymphocytes. Conclusions Moderate inflammation was detected in both implant materials and resolved to a minimum during the first weeks indicating comparable biocompatibility for MgCa0.8 and S316L. Thus, the application of MgCa0.8 as biodegradable implant material seems conceivable. Since the inflammatory parameters were re-increasing at the end of the observation period in MgCa0.8 it is important to observe the development of inflammation over a longer time period in addition to the present study.

The article considers a case from clinical practice: a mixed infection of viral hepatitis A and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. Hepatitis had a protracted course and proceeded with the development of acute hepatic encephalopathy. Hemorrhagic fever was characterized by an atypical course with lung and heart damage.

The article presents an analysis of the clinical case of superinfection of autochthonous acute hepatitis E against the background of HBV-cirrhosis of the liver. HEV infection was diagnosed in a 39 year old man who did not travel outside the region and the country for a long time and used unboiled water. The peculiarity of the disease in the non-endemic region was: a severe course of hepatitis E against the background of HBV etiology, with the development of the clinic for acute hepatic insufficiency and encephalopathy, the presence of severe cytolysis syndrome, cholestasis, hepatic-cell insufficiency and prolonged convalescence. Timely treatment of the patient for medical aid and intensive pathogenetic therapy of hepatit-E superinfection with compensated HBV-cirrhosis allowed to save the patient's life. However, the prognosis for the patient's later life is unfavorable, due to submissive liver necrosis and the risk of rapid decompensation of cirrhosis. When deciphering undifferentiated in Russia acute hepatitis in persons with cirrhosis of another etiology (viral, alcoholic, medicinal), it is necessary to include the definition of HEVRNA and HEV IgM and G. in the survey design.

Aim: Analysis of IgG titers that are specific to various hepatitis C proteins depending on features of chronic infection course., Materials and Methods: Qualitative analysis of levels of IgG specific to a number of hepatitis C virus proteins was performed in 30 patients and 30 virus carriers., Results: Significant differences between these HCV infection course variants by level of accumulation of all studied HCV antibody groups were detected. Low a-core and a-NS4 IgG, high a-NS3 and medium a-NS5 titers may be an indicator of HCV carriage. Medium and high a-core, medium a-NS3 and a-NS4 as well as higher a-NS5 titers indicate chronic hepatitis C., Conclusion: The proposed method can be used for screening of chronic HCV infection course in the clinical practice.

The investigation has revealed that mixed hepatitis A + B is a genetically determined disease. HLA-A10, B21, Cw2, Cw5, A10-A19, B8-B13, B21-B35, A3-B21, and A9-B21 are immunogenetic markers of this disease. The carriers of HLA-B21, Cw5, A3-B21, and A9-B21 and those of HLA-A10, A10-A19, and A10-B14 are at high risk for this infection among men and women, respectively. The findings of the distribution of HLA antigens and their combinations in mixed infection with hepatitis A and B viruses allow prediction of its occurrence (including the consideration of examinees' gender) which will assist in solving the matter of timely prophylaxis of this pathology.

New drug formulation--a sublingual tablet--was developed on the basis of human leukocyte interferon (HLI). Evaluation of antiviral and immunomodulatory effects of the new formulation of HLI in patients with influenza showed its efficacy. The drug shortened duration of intoxication and catarrhal syndrome, decreased rate of complications and restored interferon status. Obtained results showed that "Interferon tablets 4000 IU" can be used in complex treatment of patients with influenza.

It is showed that HAV+HBV mixed infection is a genetically determined pathology. Following HLA-antigens were immunogenetic markers of the disease: HLA-A10, B21, Cw2, Cw5, A10-A19, 88-813, B21-B35, A3-821, A9-B21. Lower risk of disease development was associated with HLA-B5, A2-Cw3, A3-Cw4, B35-Cw4, A3-B35-Cw4. Atypical forms of the hepatitis A were often met in carriers of HLA-Cw5, 827-835, A3-814, A3-B21, A9-B21, whereas typical forms - in carriers of HLA-A10, Cw2, A10-A19, B8-813, 821-835. Mild forms of hepatitis A were associated with the presence of HLA-A10,B22, A10-A19, B8-B13, A3-B21, A9-B8, A10-814, A10-822, A10-Cw3 in the patients' phenotype, whereas intermediate and severe forms - with the presence of HLA-B17, 817-818, 821 - 835, A28-B21, B18-Cw2. The findings about distribution of HLA-antigens and their combinations in mixed hepatitis A+B can be used in attempt of their prediction and prevention.

Among the territories of the Volga-Vyatka Region of Russia, the Kirov Region is characterized by the highest incidence of Ixodes tick-borne borreliosis. Its incidence rates ranged from 10.5 to 48.6 per 100,000 inhabitants. The average long-term regional rate was 8 times as high as the federal one. The bulk of cases was notified in the central regional districts referred to as a southern taiga subarea. The infection with the borreliae I. persulcatus and I. ricinus was 21-29%. Urban inhabitants infected for domestic reasons were prevalent among those who had been ill. Patients aged above 40 years accounted for 64.5%. There was an increase in the proportion of patients referring for medical care for the bites being stuck. Cases of mixed infections (Ixodes tick-borne borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis) came to be more frequently detected; these constituted about a third of all tick-borne infections.

The dynamics of leptospirosis morbidity in the Kirov region for many years is presented. The wide spread of leptospirosis foci, both natural and formed as the result of human activities, in the region is shown. The main role in infecting humans with leptospires belonged to the latter foci in a number of districts in the region was established. The etiological structure of leptospirosis cases among humans was represented, primarily, by leptospires of serogroup Grippotyphosa, following by serogroup Canicola and then serogroups Pomona, Tarassovi, Sejroe, Australis, Javanica. The dominating serogroups of leptospires were Grippotyphosa in wild rodents and Sejroe in agricultural animals. Persons belonging to the age group constituting the mainstay of work force (20-49 years) prevailed among the patients: town dwellers, factory and office workers. The main role in the transmission of infection to the population was played by the water factor.

Clinical, biochemical and immunological parameters depending on HLA-phenotypic features were examined in 107 patients aged 18-78 years with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Clinical and biochemical manifestations (asthenic, pain and cytolytic syndromes, hepatomegalia, hyperbilirubinemia, hypoprothrombin- and proteinemia), observed in hepatitis C, were more pronounced in patients having HLA-A30, B35, B41, Cw2, A1-B35, A9-B8. The carriers of B8 and B35 antigens were found to have inadequate immune response in HCV infection, manifested by progressive chronic process in the liver and the development of cirrhosis in patients with such specificity.

Tick borreliosis is widespread in the Kirov Province of Russia due to its specific climatic and geographical conditions. Early tick borreliosis was studied in 191 patients in the city of Kirov in 1995-1996. The diagnosis was verified by the epidemiological history, clinical symptoms (chronic erythema migrans), and/or positive serological assays. Tick erythema migrans was detected in 165 (86%) patients. Specific antibodies to Borrelia afcelii antigen were revealed in 128 (67%) patients. The serological tests were false-negative in early infection or just after initiation of treatment. Only 84 (44%) patients with borrelial erythema migrans had specific antibodies to B. afcelii antigen. Mixed tick infection was detected in 6 (3%) patients who showed antibodies to B. afcelii antigen and to tick encephalitis virus. All the patients benefited from wide spectrum antibiotics just within the first days of the disease.

Association has been detected between incidence of HLA-antigens and allergy prevalence in Koreans. Antigen B8 occurs significantly more frequently whereas A3 more rarely in Koreans with allergy. Determination of HLA-antigens distribution may be helpful in prognosis of allergic diseases possibility. Allergies are a rare finding in Koreans due to less common occurrence of antigens AI and B8 in them against Europeans.