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1. Microbial interactions in marine water amended by eroded benthic biofilm: A case study from an intertidal mudflat

Author

Hans J. Hartmann, Francis Orvain, Hélène Montanié, Daniel Delmas, Pascaline Ory, Christine Dupuy, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 ( LIENSs ), Université de La Rochelle ( ULR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Biologie des mollusques marins et des écosystèmes associés ( BioMEA ), Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Dyneco - Département DYNamiques de l'Environnement CÔtier, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ), ANR-06-BLAN-0393,VASIREMI,Trophic significance of microbial biofilms in tidal flats ( 2006 ), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie des mollusques marins et des écosystèmes associés (BioMEA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dynamiques de l'Environnement Côtier (DYNECO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), and ANR-06-BLAN-0393,VASIREMI,Trophic significance of microbial biofilms in tidal flats(2006)

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Intertidal zone, Aquatic Science, Biology, Oceanography, Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods, estuary, lysogeny, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, Water column, Ecosystem, Organic matter, 14. Life underwater, Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution, Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM), Mudflats, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, chemistry.chemical_classification, Microbial food web, Bacteria, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], Ecology, Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE), Biofilm, Pelagic zone, Coastal water, Virus, HNF, chemistry, Benthic zone, FOS: Biological sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, mudflat
Abstract

In shallow macrotidal ecosystems with large intertidal mudflats, the sediment-water coupling plays a crucial role in structuring the pelagic microbial food web functioning, since inorganic and organic matter and microbial components (viruses and microbes) of the microphytobenthic biofilm can be suspended toward the water column. Two experimental bioassays were conducted in March and July 2008 to investigate the importance of biofilm input for the pelagic Microbial and Viral Loops. Pelagic inocula (

Published
2014
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2. Bacterial Dynamics in a Microphytobenthic Biofilm: a Tidal Mesocosm Approach

Author

Christine Dupuy, Margot De Crignis, Francis Orvain, Hélène Agogué, Françoise Mornet, Clarisse Mallet, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 ( LIENSs ), Université de La Rochelle ( ULR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire 'Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement', Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement ( LMGE ), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 ( UBP ) -Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I ( UdA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 ( UBP ) -Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I ( UdA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Biologie des mollusques marins et des écosystèmes associés ( BioMEA ), Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Ressources Halieutiques ( LRH ), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie des mollusques marins et des écosystèmes associés (BioMEA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ressources Halieutiques (LRH), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), and Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Interactions, Intertidal zone, Muddy sediment, Aquatic Science, Biology, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Bacterial cell structure, Extracellular polymeric substances, Mesocosm, 03 medical and health sciences, Extracellular Polymeric Substances, Extracellular polymeric substance, Botany, Dissolved organic carbon, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Bacteria, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Biofilm, Microphytobenthos, Biofilm matrix, biology.organism_classification, Muddy Sediment, Environmental chemistry, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

International audience; In intertidal mudflats, during low tide exposure, microphytobenthos (MPB) migrate vertically through the surface sediment and form, with the heterotrophic bacteria, a transient biofilm. Inside this biofilm, multiple interactions exist between MPB and bacteria. These micro-organisms secrete a wide range of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), which are major components of the biofilm matrix. In this study, we used a tidal mesocosm experiment in order to decipher the interactions of the MPB-EPS-bacteria complex within the biofilm. We tried to determine if the EPS could control bacterial activities and/or production and/or richness according to the age of the biofilm and to the immersion/emersion period. The dynamics of biomasses of MPB and prokaryotes, the bacterial production, the hydrolysis of predominating organic constituents in the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) pool (i.e., carbohydrates and polypeptides), and the bacterial structure were studied in relation to the different EPS fractions (carbohydrates and proteins: colloidal and bound) dynamics during 8 days. Our experiment had emphasized the influence of the environmental conditions (light, immersion/emersion) on the interactions within the biofilm and also on the effects on biofilm ageing. Bacterial production was always inhibited by the bound EPS-carbohydrate, especially during low tide. Our results suggest that the concentration and composition of EPS had a major role in the bacterial/MPB interactions: these interactions can be either positive or negative in order to regulate the productive phases of MPB and bacteria.

Published
2014
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3. Comparative dynamics of pelagic and benthic micro-algae in a coastal ecosystem

Author

Pascal Claquin, Laurent Chauvaud, Arnab Chatterjee, Manon Legoff, Aurore Naegelen, Erwan Amice, Aude Leynaert, Stéphane L'Helguen, Cécile Klein, Annick Masson, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie des mollusques marins et des écosystèmes associés (BioMEA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) ( LEMAR ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer ( IUEM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Biologie des mollusques marins et des écosystèmes associés ( BioMEA ), Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), and Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, microphytobenthos, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Algal bloom, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, seasonal dynamics, Water column, subtidal zone regional index terms, Phytoplankton, Brittany, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Biomass (ecology), Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Bay of Brest, Pelagic zone, 15. Life on land, Spring bloom, 13. Climate action, Benthic zone, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, phytoplankton, Environmental science, France
Abstract

International audience; Together with phytoplankton, microphytobenthos (MPB) play an important role in the overall food web structure of coastal ecosystems by regulating nutrient fluxes, oxygen concentration and sediment stability in the ecosystem. Although there are many studies on phytoplankton, MPB dynamics in the subtidal zone are largely unknown. In this study, we carried out a whole-year survey to investigate the seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton and MPB biomass simultaneously in relation to the environmental physico-chemical parameters. We show that phytoplankton and MPB do not follow the same dynamics with MPB being the first to increase in the season. It constitutes a large energy input to the ecosystem from the beginning of spring (with 60% of the total biomass until April). The system then moves from a system dominated by benthic biomass in early spring to a system where the pelagic biomass dominates. Among resources that MPB and phytoplankton have to share, light seems to trigger the MPB bloom as soon as maximum bottom PAR is reached, i.e. one month earlier than the phytoplankton bloom in the water column. With regard to nutrients, the lack of phosphorus can be put forward to explain the decline of MPB biomass at the beginning of April, whereas the phytoplankton decline in the first week of May coincides to silicic acid deficiency. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen then becomes potentially limiting in the water column until the end of October. Competition with macroalgae at the bottom and grazing were also considered as being possible factors for the disparate course of phytoplankton and MPB dynamics. Further investigations are needed to give a more detailed picture on the interactions and feedback loops between MPB and phytoplankton. However, although benthic-pelagic relationships are complex, this study indicates the need to integrate such fundamental coupling to a thorough understanding of ecosystem dynamics and functions.

Published
2013
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4. Seasonal dynamics of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in surface sediments of a diatom-dominated intertidal mudflat (Marennes-Oléron, France)

Author

Christine Dupuy, Jean-Michel Zhao, Guillaume Pierre, Francis Orvain, Thierry Maugard, Marianne Graber, Géraldine L. Klein, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 ( LIENSs ), Université de La Rochelle ( ULR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Biologie des mollusques marins et des écosystèmes associés ( BioMEA ), Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), CPER Littoral, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie des mollusques marins et des écosystèmes associés (BioMEA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Chlorophyll a, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, Intertidal zone, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Extracellular polymeric substance, Botany, Monosaccharide, 14. Life underwater, [INFO.INFO-BT]Computer Science [cs]/Biotechnology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Sediment, [ SDV.BIO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, biology.organism_classification, Salinity, Diatom, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Benthic zone, [ INFO.INFO-BT ] Computer Science [cs]/Biotechnology
Abstract

International audience; Numerous field-based investigations have highlighted that the production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) is physico-chemically and ecologically important for intertidal mudflats. EPS are largely secreted by marine benthic diatoms and their quantity and quality are environmental-dependant. This paper focused on the dynamic pathways, concentration rates and monosaccharides composition of colloidal, bound and residual carbohydrates extracted by using a cationic exchange resin from a diatom-dominated intertidal mudflat (Marennes-Oléron, France) during two different sampling periods: winter (February 2008) and summer (July 2008). A wide range of biotic and abiotic parameters were also studied to better understand the effect of environmental parameters, e.g., chlorophyll a, salinity, porewater amount, emersion time, luminosity, C:N ratio and tidal coefficient. Multiple colorimetric assays coupled to gas chromatographic analyseswere carried out to performthe biochemical characterizations. Firstly, the quantity of carbohydrates produced during winter (5.28 μg*μg chl a−1) was more important than during summer (2.04 μg*μg chl a−1). Yet, more proteins were found during summer for the colloidal and bound fractions (0.73 and 1.04 μg*μg chl a−1). Further investigations showed that the dynamic pathways were equivalent between winter and summer: bound carbohydrates (BC) quantities increased during the sediment emersion periods on the contrary to colloidal carbohydrates (CC) which tended to drop throughout the emersion time. The quality in monosaccharides was fraction-dependant, whatever the season. CC were always glucose-rich confirming their role of carbon source. BC were mainly composed of rhamnose whose the ratio increased during the emersion period, thus conferring adhesive properties to the extracellular matrix bounding diatoms cells. Residual carbohydrates (RC) were composed of various monosaccharides and a major increase of glucose content was found at the end of emersion, corresponding to intracellular C-storage in prevention to immersion times. Summer-RC were composed of fucose, a monosaccharide specific to these fractions and which was non-present during the winter campaign. Environmental parameters, such as salinity, pore water amount, and tidal coefficient could have a significant impact on the concentration rates and pathways of carbohydrates.

Published
2013
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5. Characterization of GnRH-related peptides from the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas

Author

Pierre Boudry, Franck Rodet, Céline Zatylny-Gaudin, Pascal Favrel, Laetitia Bigot, Benoit Bernay, Biologie des mollusques marins et des écosystèmes associés ( BioMEA ), Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Biologique Fondamentale et Appliquée, Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) ( LEMAR ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer ( IUEM ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Biologie des mollusques marins et des écosystèmes associés (BioMEA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Male, Oyster, Insecta, Mollusk, Physiology, Molecular Sequence Data, Neuropeptide, Zoology, Gene Expression, Gonadotropin-releasing hormone, Neuroendocrinology, Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry, Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, biology.animal, Animals, Amino Acid Sequence, Crassostrea, Gene, Peptide sequence, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, biology, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Ecology, Tissue Extracts, Reproduction, Bivalve, Pacific oyster, 16. Peace & justice, biology.organism_classification, Ganglia, Invertebrate, Starvation, GnRH, Vertebrates, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), a key neuropeptide regulating reproduction in vertebrates has now been characterized in a number of non-vertebrate species. Despite the demonstration of its ancestral origin, the structure and the function of this family of peptides remain poorly known in species as distant as lophotrochozoans. In this study, two GnRH-related peptides (Cg-GnRH-a and CgGnRH-G) were characterized by mass spectrometry from extracts of the visceral ganglia of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. These peptides showed a high degree of sequence identity with GnRHs of other mollusks and annelids and to a lesser extent with those of vertebrates or with AKH and corazonins of insects. Both the mature peptides and the transcript encoding the precursor protein were exclusively expressed in the visceral ganglia. Significant differences in transcriptional activity of Cg-GnRH encoding gene were recorded in the ganglia along the reproductive cycle and according to trophic conditions with a higher level in fed animals compared to starved animals. This suggests the involvement of Cg-GnRHs as synchronizers of nutritional status with energy requirements during reproduction in oyster. Evidence for a role of Cg-GnRHs as neuroregulators and as neuroendocrine factors in bivalve is discussed. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Published
2012
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6. Gametogenesis in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas: a microarrays-based analysis identifies sex and stage specific genes

Author

Pierre Boudry, Pascal Favrel, Kristell Kellner, Guillaume Riviere, Marie-Pierre Dubos, Christophe Lelong, Nolwenn M. Dheilly, Arnaud Huvet, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie des mollusques marins et des écosystèmes associés (BioMEA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) ( LEMAR ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ) -Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer ( IUEM ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ), Biologie des mollusques marins et des écosystèmes associés ( BioMEA ), Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), and Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
Male, Sexual Reproduction, 0106 biological sciences, Oyster, Sex Differentiation, Anatomy and Physiology, Microarrays, Gene Expression, lcsh:Medicine, Aquaculture, 01 natural sciences, Gametogenesis, Transcriptome, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, Molecular Cell Biology, Small Animals, lcsh:Science, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Animal Management, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, biology, Reproduction, Statistics, Agriculture, Pacific oyster, Spermatozoa, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Medicine, Crassostrea, Female, Research Article, Animal Types, Marine Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Animal Production, biology.animal, Animals, Hermaphroditic Organisms, 14. Life underwater, Statistical Methods, Biology, Gene, 030304 developmental biology, Oyster Farming, Sexual differentiation, Gene Expression Profiling, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, lcsh:R, Reproductive System, Computational Biology, Molecular Development, biology.organism_classification, Gene expression profiling, Gene Expression Regulation, Oocytes, Veterinary Science, lcsh:Q, Organism Development, Mathematics, Developmental Biology, Aquatic Animals
Abstract

International audience; BACKGROUND: The Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas (Mollusca, Lophotrochozoa) is an alternative and irregular protandrous hermaphrodite: most individuals mature first as males and then change sex several times. Little is known about genetic and phenotypic basis of sex differentiation in oysters, and little more about the molecular pathways regulating reproduction. We have recently developed and validated a microarray containing 31,918 oligomers (Dheilly et al., 2011) representing the oyster transcriptome. The application of this microarray to the study of mollusk gametogenesis should provide a better understanding of the key factors involved in sex differentiation and the regulation of oyster reproduction. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Gene expression was studied in gonads of oysters cultured over a yearly reproductive cycle. Principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering showed a significant divergence in gene expression patterns of males and females coinciding with the start of gonial mitosis. ANOVA analysis of the data revealed 2,482 genes differentially expressed during the course of males and/or females gametogenesis. The expression of 434 genes could be localized in either germ cells or somatic cells of the gonad by comparing the transcriptome of female gonads to the transcriptome of stripped oocytes and somatic tissues. Analysis of the annotated genes revealed conserved molecular mechanisms between mollusks and mammals: genes involved in chromatin condensation, DNA replication and repair, mitosis and meiosis regulation, transcription, translation and apoptosis were expressed in both male and female gonads. Most interestingly, early expressed male-specific genes included bindin and a dpy-30 homolog and female-specific genes included foxL2, nanos homolog 3, a pancreatic lipase related protein, cd63 and vitellogenin. Further functional analyses are now required in order to investigate their role in sex differentiation in oysters. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: This study allowed us to identify potential markers of early sex differentiation in the oyster C. gigas, an alternative hermaphrodite mollusk. We also provided new highly valuable information on genes specifically expressed by mature spermatozoids and mature oocytes.

Published
2012
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7. CO - UNE INFRASTRUCTURE DE RECHERCHE FRANÇAISE POUR L'OBSERVATION DES OCÉANS ET DES LITTORAUX CÔTIERS

Author

Cocquempot, Lucie, Burden, Joanne, Delacourt, Christophe, Paillet, Jérôme, Raimbault, Patrick, Charria, Guillaume, Schmitt, François, Planes, Serge, Bertin, Xavier, Bertin, Stéphane, Coppola, Laurent, Testor, Pierre, Lemoine, Maud, Claquin, Pascal, Hocdé, Régis, Aucan, Jérôme, Sylvie, Fiat, Savoye, Nicolas, Conan, Pascal, Testut, Laurent, Gravelle, Médéric, WOPPELMANN, Guy, Bouchet, Vincent, Desroy, Nicolas, Laboratoire Géosciences Océan (LGO), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (LCSN), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST FR CNRS 3503), Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Variabilité de l'Océan et de la Glace de mer (VOG), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Biologie des mollusques marins et des écosystèmes associés (BioMEA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie marine tropicale dans les Océans Pacifique et Indien (ENTROPIE [Réunion]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Analytical, Environmental and Geo- Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne (LOMIC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Shom, Ifremer, EuroGOOS AISBL, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)

Subjects
multidisciplinary observation, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, coastal ocean and seashore, French national research infrastructure
Abstract

International audience; ILICO, a French Research Infrastructure (RI) for Coastal Ocean and Nearshore Observations is a notable example of national and pan-institutional efforts to expand knowledge of the complex processes at work within the critical coastal zone in line with the European Ocean Observing System perspective. Providing a forum for its community to work together on priority issues is a challenge, and ILICO’s organizational structure and governance are designed accordingly. Future challenges for this RI include the question of whether France’s original model of combining both land and nearshore in its study of the coastal domain is transferable to the pan-European context and how far we can go in integrating overseas and ultramarine issues.; ILICO, une infrastructure de recherche (IR) française pour l'observation de l'océan côtier et du littoral, est un exemple remarquable des efforts nationaux et pan-institutionnels visant à étendre la connaissance des processus complexes à l'œuvre dans la zone côtière critique, conformément à la perspective du système européen d'observation de l'océan. Offrir à sa communauté un forum pour travailler ensemble sur les questions prioritaires est un défi, et la structure organisationnelle et la gouvernance d'ILICO sont conçues en conséquence. Les défis à venir pour ce IR incluent la question de savoir si le modèle original de la France, qui combine à la fois la terre et le littoral dans son étude du domaine côtier, est transférable au contexte paneuropéen et jusqu'où nous pouvons aller dans l'intégration des questions ultramarines.

Published
2021

8. Characterization of an evolutionarily conserved calcitonin signaling system in a lophotrochozoan, the Pacific oyster ( Crassostrea gigas )

Author

Emilie Réalis-Doyelle, Jérôme Leprince, Pascal Favrel, Julie Schwartz, Benjamin Lefranc, Marie-Pierre Dubos, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Biologie des mollusques marins et des écosystèmes associés (BioMEA), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UFR de Sciences - Rouen, Différenciation et communication neuronale et neuroendocrine (DC2N), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), ANR-14-CE02-0020,NEMO,Neuropeptides d'organismes marins(2014), Favrel, Pascal, and Appel à projets générique - Neuropeptides d'organismes marins - - NEMO2014 - ANR-14-CE02-0020 - Appel à projets générique - VALID

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Oyster, Physiology, 030310 physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Lophotrochozoa, Aquatic Science, Calcitonin gene-related peptide, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, biology.animal, Receptor, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, G protein-coupled receptor, 0303 health sciences, biology, Pacific oyster, biology.organism_classification, Cell biology, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Calcitonin, Insect Science, Animal Science and Zoology, Protostome
Abstract

In Protostoma, the diuretic hormone 31 (DH31) signaling system was long considered as the orthologue of the chordate calcitonin (CT) signaling system. Using the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) transcriptomic database GigaTON (http://ngspipelines-sigenae.toulouse.inra.fr/), we characterized seven G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) named Cragi-CTR1/7 and phylogenetically related to chordate CT receptors (CTRs) and to protostome DH31 receptors. Two CT Precursors (Cragi-CTP1 and Cragi-CTP2) containing two CT-type peptides and encoded by two distinct genes with a similar organization were also characterized. These oyster neuropeptides (Cragi-CT1/2) exhibit the two N-terminal paired cysteine residues and except CTP2 derived peptide (Cragi-CTP2dp) the C-terminal proline-amide motif typical of deuterostome CT-type peptides. All mature Cragi-CTs but Cragi-CTP2dp were detected in visceral ganglion (VG) extracts using mass spectrometry. Cell-based assays revealed that the formerly characterized oyster receptors Cg-CTR and Cragi-CTR2 were specifically activated by Cragi-CT1b and Cragi-CT2, respectively. This activation does not require the co-expression of receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs). Thus, the oyster CT signaling appears functionally more closely related to the vertebrate CT/CTR signaling than to the (Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide) CGRP/CLR signaling. Gene expression profiles in different adult tissues and in oysters acclimated to brackish water suggest the potential implication of both Cg-CT-R/Cragi-CT1b and Cragi-CTR2/Cragi-CT2 in water and ionic regulations, though with apparently opposite effects. The present study represents the first comprehensive characterization of a functional CT-type signaling system in a protostome and provides evidence for its evolutionarily ancient origin and its early role in osmotic homeostasis.

Published
2019
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9. Functional classification of artificial alluvial ponds driven by connectivity with the river: Consequences for restoration

Author

Céline Bertrand, Evelyne Franquet, Stéphanie Fayolle, Sophie Guillon, Jean-Michel Olivier, Hervé Piégay, Maxine Thorel, Benjamin Oursel, B. Räpple, Cécile Claret, Pierre Marmonier, Nicolas Flipo, Antonin Vienney, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie des mollusques marins et des écosystèmes associés (BioMEA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Géosciences (GEOSCIENCES), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-PSL Research University (PSL), Processus de Transfert et d'Echanges dans l'Environnement - EA 3819 (PROTEE), Université de Toulon (UTLN), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Environnement Ville Société (EVS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IPG PARIS-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Fluviaux (EHF), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie, Evolution, Ecosystèmes Souterrains, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-11-LABX-0010/11-LABX-0010,LabEx DRIIHM,Dispositif de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les Interactions Hommes-Milieux(2011), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-11-LABX-0010,DRIIHM / IRDHEI,Dispositif de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les Interactions Hommes-Milieux(2011), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Environnement, Ville, Société (EVS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE)

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, Wetland, Artificial wetlands, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 01 natural sciences, Dissolved oxygen, Rhone River, Phytoplankton, 14. Life underwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Hydrology, geography, Connectivity, geography.geographical_feature_category, Aquatic ecosystem, Water bodies, OHM Vallee du Rhone, Sediment, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, 15. Life on land, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, 6. Clean water, Macrophyte, Alluvial plain, Metabolism, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Alluvium, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Eutrophication
Abstract

International audience; Chemical and biological functioning of artificial wetlands and lakes in alluvial plains is investigated based on the example of small artificial ponds located within dike fields along the Rhône River (France). The objective is to identify the diversity of metabolism in these artificial aquatic ecosystems and to propose a functional classification linked to the connectivity with the river. A comprehensive characterization of chemical and biological parameters in six shallow ponds was conducted, along with 4-month continuous monitoring of temperature and dissolved oxygen concentration, both in the sub-surface and at depth. Metabolism intensity is quantified using the diel oxygen method. Multivariate analysis of chemical and biological characteristics is performed to identify the functional heterogeneity between the ponds, which is shown to be consistent with the intensity of primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER). Some ponds are permanently connected to the river, like backwater, and are very turbid, because of suspended matter and the presence of phytoplankton. The oxyge-nation is limited to the surface layer with anoxia rapidly building up at the bottom due to an intense ER. Ponds that are rarely connected become eutrophic with large concentration of phytoplankton and large GPP and ER values. Anoxia and even denitrification occur close to the bottom sediment. Finally, in the ponds with intermediate degree of connection with the river, macrophytes grow in clear water with limited amount of phyto-plankton, resulting in a gradient of GPP and ER values, controlled by nutrient availability. Rehabilitation of various connection patterns with the river is thus crucial to maintain a functional diversity in large river alluvial plains.

Published
2019
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10. Socio-environmental implications of process-based restoration strategies in large rivers: should we remove novel ecosystems along the Rhône (France)?

Author

Bianca Räpple, Céline Bertrand, Maxine Thorel, Stéphanie Fayolle, Gabrielle Seignemartin, Benjamin Oursel, Alvaro Tena-Pagan, Jonh C Stella, Thierry Winiarski, Hervé Piégay, Evelyne Franquet, Charles-Robin Gruel, Dad Roux-Michollet, Fanny Arnaud, Jean-Philippe Bedell, Gwenaëlle Roux, Vincent Wawrzyniak, Carole Barthelemy, Pierre Marmonier, Biologie des mollusques marins et des écosystèmes associés (BioMEA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnement Ville Société (EVS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Laboratoire Population-Environnement-Développement (LPED), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GRAIE, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-11-LABX-0010/11-LABX-0010,LabEx DRIIHM,Dispositif de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les Interactions Hommes-Milieux(2011), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), ANR-11-LABX-0010,DRIIHM / IRDHEI,Dispositif de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les Interactions Hommes-Milieux(2011), Environnement, Ville, Société (EVS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Hydraulic engineering, Risk analysis, media_common.quotation_subject, Ecology (disciplines), 0208 environmental biotechnology, Interdisciplinary assessment, Rhône, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Novel ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Restoration ecology, Bank erosion, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, OHM Vallée du Rhône, River restoration, Groyne, Global and Planetary Change, [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, business.industry, Environmental resource management, 15. Life on land, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, 6. Clean water, 020801 environmental engineering, 13. Climate action, Riprap removal, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, Conceptual model, business
Abstract

International audience; River restoration efforts require interdisciplinary approaches involving fluvial geomorphology, hydraulic engineering, ecology, sedimentology, chemistry, social geography, and sociology. We investigated the functioning of artificial structures called “Casiers Girardon” (groyne fields) in the Rhône River. We assessed potential benefits and risks linked to removing the Rhône groyne fields in a restoration context, with particular focus on the potential for increased bank erosion. Hydraulic, morphological, chemical, ecological, and social issues resulting from dismantlement were studied for terrestrialized and aquatic Casiers Girardon. Only 10% of Casiers Girardon have maintained their aquatic features, whereas most of the Casiers are terrestrialized. Our results help to confirm the effectiveness of restoration actions; however, they also indicate uncertainties and additional knowledge needs, especially in regard to potential incompatibilities between Casier restoration and conservation. Then, an interdisciplinary conceptual model was developed to identify interventions to be considered in Casiers Girardon, according to their terrestrialization rate and physiochemical characteristics (connectivity, amount of gravel vs. fine sediment, contamination level). This model synthetizes scientific results and expert judgment and provides management recommendations based on ecological and sociological expectations about the restoration of Casiers Girardon. The model highlights high heterogeneity in functioning and ecological potential between terrestrialized and aquatic Casiers. Dismantling of terrestrialized Casiers has strong potential to provide multiple benefits, whereas aquatic Casiers could be maintained as valuable backwaters. The managing guidelines for the Casiers Girardon of the Rhône River should be adapted according to local conditions, as well as expected benefits and needs, and conducted in co-ordination with all actors involved in and affected by the restoration.

Published
2018
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11. How does the resuspension of the biofilm alter the functioning of the benthos–pelagos coupled food web of a bare mudflat in Marennes-Oléron Bay (NE Atlantic)?

Author

Blanche Saint-Béat, Christine Dupuy, Hélène Agogué, Alexandre Carpentier, Julien Chalumeau, Serena Como, Valérie David, Margot De Crignis, Jean-Claude Duchêne, Camille Fontaine, Eric Feunteun, Katell Guizien, Hans Hartmann, Johann Lavaud, Sébastien Lefebvre, Christel Lefrançois, Clarisse Mallet, Hélène Montanié, Jean-Luc Mouget, Francis Orvain, Pascaline Ory, Pierre-Yves Pascal, Gilles Radenac, Pierre Richard, Alain F. Vézina, Nathalie Niquil, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station marine Dinard, Centre De Recherche et d'Enseignement sur les Systèmes Côtiers (CRESCO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), CNR Institute for Coastal Marine Environment (IAMC), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Service de biologie moléculaire, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lab-STICC_CNRS_CID_SFIIS, Département Image et Traitement Information (ITI), Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des environnements benthiques (LECOB), Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mer, molécules et santé EA 2160 (MMS), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Biologie des mollusques marins et des écosystèmes associés (BioMEA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de biologie et environnement marins - LBEM (LBEML), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Microbial food web, Ecology, Intertidal zone, Pelagic zone, Aquatic Science, Sedimentation, Oceanography, Food web, Water column, Benthos, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Environmental science, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Trophic level
Abstract

International audience; Intertidal mudflats are ecosystems submitted to natural hydrodynamical forcings during each tide. When the off-shore water flows at high tide, a proportion of the biofilm produced at low tide can be resuspended in the water column and interact with the pelagic food web. As a consequence, the resuspension creates a link between the benthos and the pelagos, modifying their properties and the stability of the meta-ecosystem they form together. The aim of this study is to describe the consequences of the microbial biofilm resuspension on the pelagic food web, and to investigate the question of the stability of the benthos–pelagos coupling resulting from the biofilm resuspension. Two food webs were considered, corresponding to different hydrodynamical conditions in sum-mer condition: one allowing the biofilm massive resuspension, and one without resuspension, but with particle sedimentation. The Monte-Carlo Markov Chain Linear Modelling was used to estimate the unknown flows of the food web. The comparison of the Ecological Network Analysis indices for the two food webs allowed defining their respective differences of structure and functioning. The results showed that the massive resuspension of the microbial biofilm stimulates pelagic primary production and microbial food web via a higher bacterivory. The higher activity of the whole system coupled with both a drop in the specialisation of the trophic pathways and a low cycling activity demonstrated that when massive resuspension occurs, the system is disturbed. In con-trast, when sedimentation occurs, the food webs show functioning features pointing out to a higher stability of the whole system.

Published
2014
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12. Partially phosphonated polyethylenimine-coated nanoparticles as convenient support for enzyme immobilization in bioprocessing

Author

Benoit Bernay, Joël Henry, Didier Villemin, Richard Retoux, Clément Monteil, Nathalie Bar, Laboratoire de chimie moléculaire et thioorganique (LCMT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Normand de Chimie Moléculaire Médicinale et Macromoléculaire (INC3M), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Laboratoire de cristallographie et sciences des matériaux (CRISMAT), École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Interactions Cellules Organismes Environnement (ICORE), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut Normand de Chimie Moléculaire Médicinale et Macromoléculaire (INC3M), Normandie Université (NU)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie des mollusques marins et des écosystèmes associés (BioMEA), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Immobilized enzyme, Nanoparticle, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Nanomaterials, chemistry.chemical_compound, Materials Chemistry, Enzyme immobilization, Organic chemistry, Trypsin, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Instrumentation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, chemistry.chemical_classification, Polyethylenimine, [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, Chemistry, Phosphonated polyethylenimine, Metals and Alloys, [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, Polymer, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Chemical engineering, Covalent bond, Magnetic nanoparticles, 0210 nano-technology, Iron oxide nanoparticles
Abstract

International audience; Partially phosphonated polyethylenimine (PEIP) has been developed as an easily functionalisable coating agent for iron oxide nanoparticles. Trypsin immobilization takes special advantage of the properties of this new material. Numerous enzymes can be loaded on the polymer by a covalent bounding with numerous amino groups. The PEIP contributes to the high stability of the material, through a strong covalent Psingle bondOsingle bondFe bond. Resistance to hydrolysis and to temperature increasing ensure to obtain a highly recyclable magnetic nanomaterial designed for proteomic analysis.

Published
2014
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13. Toxicity of five antidepressant drugs on embryo–larval development and metamorphosis success in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas

Author

Katherine Costil, M. P. Halm-Lemeille, C. Di Poi, Antoine Serpentini, Lauris Evariste, Jean-Marc Lebel, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie (CERMN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Normandie Université (NU), Biologie des mollusques marins et des écosystèmes associés (BioMEA), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Lesnard, Aurélien

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Clomipramine, Embryo, Nonmammalian, medicine.drug_class, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Pharmacology, Biology, Ecotoxicology, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Environmental Chemistry, Bioassay, Amitriptyline, Crassostrea, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, Sertraline, Fluoxetine, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Metamorphosis, Biological, General Medicine, Pollution, Antidepressive Agents, Endocrinology, 13. Climate action, Larva, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Toxicity, Antidepressant, Female, Water Pollutants, Chemical, medicine.drug
Abstract

Unlike conventional pollutants, pharmaceutical residues are continuously discharged at low levels (low to mid ng l(-1) concentrations), which results in the chronic contamination of non-target organisms, but little is known about the effects of these residues. The purpose of this study was to provide the first assessment of the ecotoxicity of five antidepressants (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [SSRIs] fluoxetine and sertraline, tricyclic antidepressants [TCAs] clomipramine and amitriptyline, and serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor [SNRI] duloxetine) at a wide range of concentrations from 0.1 to 100,000 μg l(-1) on two early life stages in the Pacific oyster. The toxicity was quantified in D-shaped larvae after 36 h of exposure, and in 21-day-old pediveliger larvae after 24 h of exposure using the percentage of normal larval development and the metamorphosis rate as endpoints, respectively. The embryotoxicity assays reported that the EC50 values were within the same range of concentrations (67 to 192 μg l(-1)) for all of the tested molecules. The metamorphosis tests revealed that the antidepressants can be ranked along an increasing severity gradient: clomipramine < amitriptyline < duloxetine ~ fluoxetine. Sertraline appeared to be the less toxic molecule on this endpoint; however, a different concentration range was used. The embryotoxicity test was more sensitive than the metamorphosis bioassay for three of the five molecules tested, but the latter test showed more practical benefits. Overall, the obtained toxicity values were at least 10,000-fold higher than the reported environmental concentrations.

Published
2013
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14. Oyster sex determination is influenced by temperature — First clues in spat during first gonadic differentiation and gametogenesis

Author

René Robert, Pascal Sourdaine, Christelle Santerre, Nicolas Marc, Anne-Sophie Martinez, Christian Mingant, Biologie des mollusques marins et des écosystèmes associés (BioMEA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)

Subjects
Male, 0106 biological sciences, Oyster, Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Zoology, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Gametogenesis, 03 medical and health sciences, Time windows, biology.animal, medicine, Sex-determination system, Animals, TSD, Amino Acid Sequence, Cloning, Molecular, Gonads, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Developmental stage, biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Temperature, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Cell Differentiation, Sex Determination Processes, biology.organism_classification, Ostreidae, medicine.anatomical_structure, Oyster spat, Crassostrea, Female, Sex determination pathway, Sex ratio, Germ cell
Abstract

The sex-determining system of Crassostrea gigas is still poorly known, especially regarding the potential influence of temperature. In order to address this question, mRNA expressions of actors of the molecular cascade (Cg-DMI, Cg-SoxE, Cg-beta-catenin, Cg-Foxl2/Cg-FoxI2os) and of Oyvlg, a germ cell marker, were investigated by real-time PCR in spat grown at different temperatures (18, 22, 25 and 28 degrees C). In parallel, gonadic differentiation, gametogenesis and sex ratios were assessed by histology at each of these temperatures. Whatever the temperature, Cg-DMI, Cg-SoxE, Cg-beta-catenin and Oyvlg expressions peaked at the same developmental stage, always after Cg-Foxl2/Cg-Foxl2os (around 40-44 dpf for spat grown at 18 degrees C). Temperatures increased the kinetics of first gonadic differentiation and gametogenesis. At 25 degrees C a significant switch occurred in sex ratio towards males and in the balance of expression between male and female genes, in favor of males. A slight gametogenesis disturbance was also observed. These results strengthen the hypotheses about the sex-determining time window and molecular cascade governing the development of C gigas, with notably the involvement of Cg-Foxl2/Cg-Foxl2os in the very early steps. They also suggest an influence of temperature on the oyster's sex determination which, associated to genetic control, would induce a mixed sex determination system (GSD +TSD). (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Published
2013
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15. Proteomic identification of protein associated to mature spermatozoa in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas

Author

Sutin Kingtong, Pascal Sourdaine, Benoit Bernay, Kristell Kellner, Clothilde Heude Berthelin, Didier Goux, Biologie des mollusques marins et des écosystèmes associés (BioMEA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Burapha University (BU), Interactions Cellules Organismes Environnement (ICORE), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Caen, and Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)

Subjects
Male, Proteomics, endocrine system, Proteome, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biophysics, Biochemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Human fertilization, medicine, Animals, Pacific oyster, 14. Life underwater, Crassostrea, Percoll gradient, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, biology, urogenital system, Ecology, biology.organism_classification, Spermatozoa, Sperm, Hatchery, Cell biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Crassostrea gigas, Percoll, Germ cell
Abstract

Knowledge of sperm maturation process is limited in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and major factors of fertilization success of this free spawning animal are unknown. We investigated proteins associated to spermatozoa by analyzing two cellular fractions obtained from a 40-80% Percoll gradient fractioning of germ cell of mature male gonads. Mature spermatozoa were enriched in the lower Percoll fraction while the upper fraction contained less mature or earlier germ cells. A 2-DE proteomic approach was used to identify differentially expressed proteins in both fractions. We screened out 31 differential proteins (P0.05) which included 14 up-regulated and 17 down-regulated proteins. Using MALDI-TOF/TOF MS and bioinformatics search against a C. gigas database, 13 and 8 proteins were identified for the up-regulated and down-regulated groups, respectively. In the spermatozoa enriched fraction, proteins regarding flagellum formation and control, energy production and Proteosome subunit beta were increased. In less mature germ cell fraction, proteins regarding developmental processes and chaperon molecules were mainly increased. Our results improve current knowledge of proteins associated with spermatozoa maturation related to zootechnical practices used in mollusk hatcheries.This is the revised version of the manuscript "Proteomic identification of protein associated to mature spermatozoa in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas" by Kingtong et al. to the Journal of Proteomics. The corrections have been done by the team carefully. This work highlight the enrichment method of spermatozoa of Pacific oyster from stripped complex sample using Percoll gradient. The results reflexed developmental stages of germ cells in gonadal tubules of this species. We have used proteomic approach to identify differentially expressed proteins in mature spermatozoa fraction compared to less mature spermatozoa fraction which provided candidates of protein associated to mature spermatozoa in the Pacific oyster. This work improves the current knowledge in marine bivalve hatchery.

Published
2013
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16. Nutrient ratios influence variability in Pseudo-nitzschia species diversity and particulate domoic acid production in the Bay of Seine (France)

Author

Pauline Bazin, Bertrand Le Roy, Juliette Fauchot, Romain Le Gendre, Didier Goux, Philippe Riou, Pascal Claquin, Mathilde Schapira, Maxine Thorel, Anne-Flore Deton-Cabanillas, Virginie Raimbault, Valérie Kientz-Bouchart, Biologie des mollusques marins et des écosystèmes associés (BioMEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), IFREMER LEAD-NC, Laboratoire Environnement et Ressources de Normandie, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Interactions Cellules Organismes Environnement (ICORE), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Chirurgie digestive et hépatobiliaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Estaing, Institut Pascal - Clermont Auvergne (IP), Sigma CLERMONT (Sigma CLERMONT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Centre de Microscopie Appliquée à la Biologie [Caen] (CMABio3), Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), LABÉO, Pôle d’analyses et de recherche de Normandie (LABÉO), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ODE/LITTORAL/LERN, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER), CHU Estaing [Clermont-Ferrand], Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (UMR 8197/1024) (IBENS), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes 1 - Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques (UR1 Pharmacie), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Normandie Université (NU), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Time Factors, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nutrient, English channel, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Species diversity, education.field_of_study, Principal Component Analysis, Kainic Acid, Geography, Ecology, Domoic acid, Biodiversity, Bloom dynamics, Spring bloom, Bays, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, France, Seasons, Bloom, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Population, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Aquatic Science, Biology, Phosphates, Species Specificity, 14. Life underwater, education, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Diatoms, Nitrates, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, biology.organism_classification, Nutrient ratios, chemistry, Phytoplankton, Pseudo-nitzschia, Particulate Matter, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Bay
Abstract

International audience; The population dynamics of different Pseudo-nitzschia species, along with particulate domoic acid (pDA) concentrations, were studied from May 2012 to December 2013 in the Bay of Seine (English Channel, Normandy). While Pseudo-nitzschia spp. blooms occurred during the two years of study, Pseudo-nitzschia species diversity and particulate domoic acid concentrations varied greatly. In 2012, three different species were identified during the spring bloom (P. australis, P. pungens and P. fraudulenta) with high pDA concentrations (similar to 1400 ngl(-1)) resulting in shellfish harvesting closures. In contrast, the 2013 spring was characterised by a P. delicatissima bloom without any toxic event. Above all, the results show that high pDA concentrations coincided with the presence of P. australis and with potential silicate limitation (Si: N < 1), while nitrate concentrations were still replete. The contrasting environmental conditions between 2012 and 2013 highlight different environmental controls that might favour the development of either P. delicatissima or P. australis. This study points to the key role of Pseudo-nitzschia diversity and cellular toxicity in the control of particulate domoic acid variations and highlights the fact that diversity and toxicity are influenced by nutrients, especially nutrient ratios. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2017
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17. Identification of Ras, Pten and p70S6K homologs in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and diet control of insulin pathway

Author

Kristell Kellner, Pascal Sourdaine, J.L. Blin, Michel Mathieu, Alban Franco, Clothilde Heude-Berthelin, Aude Jouaux, Biologie des mollusques marins et des écosystèmes associés (BioMEA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Synergie MEr et Littoral (SMEL)

Subjects
Male, Transcriptional Activation, medicine.medical_specialty, Oyster, medicine.medical_treatment, Dietary restriction, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Molecular Sequence Data, Environment, 03 medical and health sciences, Endocrinology, biology.animal, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, PTEN, Insulin, Amino Acid Sequence, Crassostrea, Gonads, p70S6K, 030304 developmental biology, Laser capture microdissection, 0303 health sciences, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, biology, Vitellogenesis, 030302 biochemistry & molecular biology, PTEN Phosphohydrolase, Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa, Pacific oyster, biology.organism_classification, Animal Feed, Pten, Cell biology, Insulin receptor, Crassostrea gigas, ras Proteins, biology.protein, Female, Animal Science and Zoology, Food Deprivation, Signal Transduction, Ras
Abstract

International audience; Insulin pathways were demonstrated from invertebrates to vertebrates to be involved in the regulation of numerous processes including storage metabolism and reproduction. In addition, insulin system may integrate variations of environmental conditions like dietary restrictions. In the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, reproductive and storage compartments are closely intricated in the gonadal area and their respective development was found to be dependant of trophic conditions. For these reasons, C. gigas is an original and interesting model for investigating the role of insulin control in the balance between storage and reproduction and the integration of environmental parameters. On the basis of sequence conservation, we identified three potential elements of the oyster insulin pathway, Ras, Pten and p70S6K and we investigated their expression levels in various tissues. In the gonadal area, we used laser microdissection in order to precise the targeted contribution of insulin signaling to the restoration of storage tissue and to the control of vitellogenesis. Food deprivation during gametogenesis reinitiation stage led to reduced proliferations of gonia and also to modulate insulin signal by transcriptional activation of insulin pathway elements.

Published
2012
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18. Neuropeptidome of the Cephalopod Sepia officinalis : Identification, Tissue Mapping, and Expression Pattern of Neuropeptides and Neurohormones during Egg Laying

Author

Joël Henry, Céline Zatylny-Gaudin, Benoit Bernay, Bruno Zanuttini, Alexandra Kraut, Erwan Corre, Alexandre Leduc, Yohan Couté, Johan Gardères, Gildas Le Corguillé, Valérie Cornet, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Biologie des mollusques marins et des écosystèmes associés (BioMEA), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SAPHYN (SAnté et PHYsique Nucléaire), Equipe MAD - Laboratoire GREYC - UMR6072, Groupe de Recherche en Informatique, Image, Automatique et Instrumentation de Caen (GREYC), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ABiMS - Informatique et bioinformatique = Analysis and Bioinformatics for Marine Science (FR2424), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Cellules Organismes Environnement (ICORE), CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marines (LBCM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS), Etude de la dynamique des protéomes (EDyP), Laboratoire de Biologie à Grande Échelle (BGE - UMR S1038), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre de recherche en gestion (CRG), École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Groupe de Recherche en Informatique, Image et Instrumentation de Caen (GREYC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Etude de la dynamique des protéomes (EDyP ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire d'étude de la dynamique des protéomes (LEDyP), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), ABiMS - Informatique et bioinformatique = Analysis and Bioinformatics for Marine Science (ABIMS), Fédération de recherche de Roscoff (FR2424), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Sepia, Proteome, Oviposition, In silico, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Molecular Sequence Data, Neuropeptide, Biology, Biochemistry, Transcriptome, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, Hemolymph, medicine, Animals, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Amino Acid Sequence, RNA, Messenger, cuttlefish, brain, egg-laying neuropeptidome, transcriptome, neurohormones, Illumina dye sequencing, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Neurotransmitter Agents, Neuropeptides, Molecular Sequence Annotation, [SDV.BDLR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology, General Chemistry, Cell biology, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, Organ Specificity, Female, Neurohormones
Abstract

International audience; Cephalopods exhibit a wide variety of behaviors such as prey capture, communication, camouflage, and reproduction thanks to a complex central nervous system (CNS) divided into several functional lobes that express a wide range of neuropeptides involved in the modulation of behaviors and physiological mechanisms associated with the main stages of their life cycle. This work focuses on the neuropeptidome expressed during egg-laying through de novo construction of the CNS transcriptome using an RNAseq approach (Illumina sequencing). Then, we completed the in silico analysis of the transcriptome by characterizing and tissue-mapping neuropeptides by mass spectrometry. To identify neuropeptides involved in the egg-laying process, we determined (1) the neuropeptide contents of the neurohemal area, hemolymph (blood), and nerve endings in mature females and (2) the expression levels of these peptides. Among the 38 neuropeptide families identified from 55 transcripts, 30 were described for the first time in Sepia officinalis, 5 were described for the first time in the animal kingdom, and 14 were strongly overexpressed in egg-laying females as compared with mature males. Mass spectrometry screening of hemolymph and nerve ending contents allowed us to clarify the status of many neuropeptides, that is, to determine whether they were neuromodulators or neurohormones.

Published
2015
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19. Molecular cloning of a molluscan gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor orthologue specifically expressed in the gonad

Author

Marie-Pierre Dubos, Christophe Lelong, Pascal Favrel, Franck Rodet, Katherine Costil, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Biologique Fondamentale et Appliquée, Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Biologie des mollusques marins et des écosystèmes associés (BioMEA), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Physiologie et Ecophysiologie des Mollusques Marins (PE2M)

Subjects
Male, endocrine system, Gonad, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Molecular Sequence Data, Biophysics, Molecular cloning, Biology, Biochemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Structural Biology, Consensus Sequence, Testis, Genetics, medicine, Consensus sequence, Animals, 5-HT5A receptor, Amino Acid Sequence, Sexual Maturation, Cloning, Molecular, Receptor, Peptide sequence, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Conserved Sequence, Phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, G protein-coupled receptor, 0303 health sciences, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Ovary, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, Molecular biology, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Cell biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Mollusca, Codon, Terminator, Female, 5' Untranslated Regions, Receptors, LHRH, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor
Abstract

Despite their economic importance, only very little information is available regarding (neuro)endocrine mechanisms of reproduction in bivalve molluscs. To gain insights into the molecular control of gonadic development of these animals, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) expressed in the gonad of the pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas were investigated. One such receptor was cloned by RT-PCR using oligonucleotide primers derived from consensus sequences of various vertebrate (neuro)peptide receptors. This receptor named Cg-GnRH-related receptor (Cg GnRH-R) exhibits a high degree of amino acid sequence identity with both vertebrate GnRH receptors and insect AKH receptors. Quantitative RT-PCR shows a specific expression of Cg-GnRH-R in both male and female gonads during the reproductive cycle. This demonstrates for the first time the plausible involvement of a GnRH receptor orthologue in the control of reproduction in a protostomian invertebrate.

Published
2005
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20. Interactive effects of irradiance and temperature on growth and domoic acid production of the toxic diatom Pseudo-nitzschia australis (Bacillariophyceae)

Author

Jérôme Morelle, Carole Miossec, Juliette Fauchot, Bertrand Le Roy, Virginie Raimbault, Valérie Kientz-Bouchart, Pascal Claquin, Maxine Thorel, Biologie des mollusques marins et des écosystèmes associés (BioMEA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Chirurgie digestive et hépatobiliaire, CHU Estaing [Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Clermont-Ferrand-CHU Clermont-Ferrand, and LABÉO, Pôle d’analyses et de recherche de Normandie (LABÉO)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0303 health sciences, Chlorophyll a, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Domoic acid, Plant Science, Aquatic Science, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Acclimatization, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Diatom, Nutrient, chemistry, Exponential growth, Botany, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Growth rate, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Pseudo-nitzschia, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract

The influence of temperature and light on the growth, physiology and domoic acid (DA) production of the pennate toxic diatom Pseudo-nitzschia australis isolated from the English Channel was studied in semi-continuous culture. The effects of eight irradiances (35–400 μmol photons m2 s−1) and a temperature gradient (3.5–25.5 °C) were investigated. The highest growth rates (0.47–0.83 d−1) were observed between 18.6 and 13.5 °C, with an optimum irradiance for growth at 100 μmol photons m2 s−1. A decrease in the optimum growth temperature was observed with an increase in irradiance. Cell chlorophyll a content decreased at both low and high extreme temperatures and high irradiances. Stable and high values of Fv/Fm ratios below 21 °C highlight the great acclimation capacity of P. australis, which may explain its wide biogeographic distribution. The strain studied produced DA without nutrient limitation and during exponential growth although at lower levels than in other studies (0.15–2.0 pg DA cell−1). Results underline the importance of light–temperature interactions for growth and DA production. Toxin production increased with increasing temperature and light, and DA production increased exponentially with the growth rate. These results show that DA is not only produced under nutrient stress or by unhealthy cells in P. australis. This study underlines the need to take the ability of P. australis to produce DA during the exponential growth into consideration to understand the link between toxin production and bloom dynamics. These results will not only help explore the processes involved, but also help parameterize future models of growth and DA production especially for P. australis.

Published
2014
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21. Sequential resuspension of biofilm components (viruses, prokaryotes and protists) as measured by erodimetry experiments in the Brouage mudflat (French Atlantic coast)

Author

Clarisse Mallet, Katell Guizien, Christine Dupuy, Françoise Mornet, Camille La Fontaine, Francis Orvain, Hélène Montanié, Martine Bréret, Caroline Nérot, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des environnements benthiques (LECOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ressources Halieutiques (LRH), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO), Biologie des mollusques marins et des écosystèmes associés (BioMEA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-06-BLAN-0393,VASIREMI,Trophic significance of microbial biofilms in tidal flats(2006), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Chlorophyll a, Peringia ulvae, Microorganism, Mudflat, Microorganisms, Soil science, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Spatial distribution, Resuspension, chemistry.chemical_compound, 14. Life underwater, Shear velocity, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, Hydrology, biology, ACL, Biofilm, Benthic-pelagic coupling, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, chemistry, Initial phase, Chlorophyll, Viruses, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

International audience; Resuspension thresholds in terms of friction velocity were experimentally quantified for the prokaryotes, protists and for the first time, viruses of intertidal mudflat biofilms. Differences in resuspension thresholds could be related to the type, behaviour and size of microorganisms and their association with particles. Free microorganisms (viruses, bacteria and some nanoflagellates) were resuspended by weak flow at friction velocities lower than 2 cm s− 1. Chlorophyll a, some nanoflagellates and attached bacteria were resuspended together with the bed's muddy sediment, which required friction velocities larger than 3 cm s− 1. Diatoms smaller than 60 μm were resuspended at velocities between 3 and 5 cm s− 1, while those larger than 60 μm were resuspended at higher friction velocities (5.5 to 6.5 cm s− 1).The thresholds of resuspension also depended on the micro-scale position of microorganisms in the sediment (horizontal and vertical distributions). In the field, the vertical distribution of chlorophyll a (a proxy of microphytobenthos) was skewed, with a maximum in the first 2 mm of sediment. Along the neap–spring tidal cycle, chlorophyll a revealed an increase in MPB biomass in the first 2 mm of the sediment, in relation to light increases with exposure durations. The horizontal distribution of chlorophyll a could be inferred from erosion experiments. During the initial phase of biofilm growth, the distribution of chlorophyll a seemed horizontally homogeneous, and was uniformly eroded at the beginning of the increase in chlorophyll a. From these results, we can make a hypothesis: in the subsequent phase of biofilm growth until the maximum of emersion duration, the eroded quantity of chlorophyll a was larger than expected based from chlorophyll a vertical distribution, suggesting that biofilm horizontal distribution became patchy and enriched chlorophyll a was preferentially eroded. When emersion duration and biofilm growth decreased, the trend was reversed, and eroded quantity of chlorophyll a was lower than expected from chlorophyll a vertical distribution, suggesting that areas with low chlorophyll a were preferentially eroded. Such erosion patterns when biofilm growth decreased probably resulted from the bulldozing activity of a surficial sediment bioturbator, the gastropod Peringia ulvae. Our study did not directly prove this horizontal distribution but it should be further discussed. This distribution needs to be studied to acquire real evidence of patchy distributions.

Published
2014
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22. Assessment of cytotoxic and immunomodulatory properties of four antidepressants on primary cultures of abalone hemocytes (Haliotis tuberculata)

Author

Laetitia Minguez, Marie-Pierre Halm-Lemeille, Jean-Marc Lebel, Katherine Costil, Antoine Serpentini, Ronan Bureau, Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie (CERMN), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie ( CERMN ), Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ), Biologie des mollusques marins et des écosystèmes associés ( BioMEA ), and Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
Clomipramine, Hemocytes, Cell Survival, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Gastropoda, Aquatic Science, Pharmacology, Citalopram, Biology, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, Lethal Dose 50, Phagocytosis, medicine, Animals, Amitriptyline, Cells, Cultured, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, chemistry.chemical_classification, Reactive oxygen species, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], Esterases, Paroxetine, Acute toxicity, Antidepressive Agents, Immunity, Innate, 3. Good health, Enzyme Activation, chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, Immunocompetence, Reactive Oxygen Species, Water Pollutants, Chemical, medicine.drug, Tricyclic
Abstract

Pharmaceutical compounds like antidepressants found in surface waters raise concerns due to their potential toxicity on non-target aquatic organisms. This study aimed at investigating the in vitro cytotoxicity and immunomodulatory properties of four common antidepressants, namely Amitriptyline, Clomipramine, Citalopram and Paroxetine, on primary cultures of abalone hemocytes (Haliotis tuberculata), after 48 h-exposure. Effects on immunocompetence (phagocytosis, levels of reactive oxygen species, esterase activity and lysosomal membrane destabilization) were assessed. Results obtained by MTT assays revealed that acute toxicity is unlikely to occur in the environment since the LC50s of the four antidepressants are at the mg/L level. The different immunological endpoints displayed a biphasic response, with an increase at the lowest concentration (i.e. 1 μg/L) followed by a decrease at higher concentrations. Overall, Amitriptyline and Clomipramine, the two tricyclic antidepressants, had higher immunomodulatory capacities than the two selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors Citalopram and Paroxetine. Amitriptyline was the most potent and Citalopram the least potent drug in altering immune function in H. tuberculata.

Published
2014
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23. Connecting thermal physiology and latitudinal niche partitioning in marine Synechococcus

Author

Christophe Six, Florian Humily, Justine Pittera, Daphné Grulois, Maxine Thorel, Laurence Garczarek, Procaryotes Phototrophes Marins = MArine Phototrophic Prokaryotes (MAPP), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie des mollusques marins et des écosystèmes associés (BioMEA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and MArine Phototrophic Prokaryotes (MAPP)

Subjects
Synechococcus, Ecophysiology, Cyanobacteria, Ecological niche, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, biology, Ecotype, Geomicrobiology, Ecology, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Temperature, Niche differentiation, biology.organism_classification, Microbiology, Latitude, Cold Temperature, Original Article, Seawater, 14. Life underwater, Photosynthesis, Atlantic Ocean, Phylogeny, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

International audience; Marine Synechococcus cyanobacteria constitute a monophyletic group that displays a wide latitudinal distribution, ranging from the equator to the polar fronts. Whether these organisms are all physiologically adapted to stand a large temperature gradient or stenotherms with narrow growth temperature ranges has so far remained unexplored. We submitted a panel of six strains, isolated along a gradient of latitude in the North Atlantic Ocean, to long- and short-term variations of temperature. Upon a downward shift of temperature, the strains showed strikingly distinct resistance, seemingly related to their latitude of isolation, with tropical strains collapsing while northern strains were capable of growing. This behaviour was associated to differential photosynthetic performances. In the tropical strains, the rapid photosystem II inactivation and the decrease of the antioxydant β-carotene relative to chl a suggested a strong induction of oxidative stress. These different responses were related to the thermal preferenda of the strains. The northern strains could grow at 10 °C while the other strains preferred higher temperatures. In addition, we pointed out a correspondence between strain isolation temperature and phylogeny. In particular, clades I and IV laboratory strains were all collected in the coldest waters of the distribution area of marine Synechococus. We, however, show that clade I Synechococcus exhibit different levels of adaptation, which apparently reflect their location on the latitudinal temperature gradient. This study reveals the existence of lineages of marine Synechococcus physiologically specialised in different thermal niches, therefore suggesting the existence of temperature ecotypes within the marine Synechococcus radiation.

Published
2014
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24. Characterization of spermatogonial markers in the mature testis of the dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula L.)

Author

Sylvie Mazan, Adrien Bosseboeuf, Pierrick Auvray, Pascal Sourdaine, Aude Gautier, Biologie des mollusques marins et des écosystèmes associés (BioMEA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), KELIA, Développement et évolution des vertébrés, Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Male, Embryology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], In situ hybridization, Biology, HMGB2, Receptor tyrosine kinase, 03 medical and health sciences, Endocrinology, Neurotrophic factors, Spermatocytes, Complementary DNA, Testis, Animals, Receptor, Spermatogenesis, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, MCM6, 030302 biochemistry & molecular biology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cell Biology, Spermatogonia, Cell biology, Reproductive Medicine, Dogfish, biology.protein, Biomarkers
Abstract

In dogfish, spermatogenesis progresses from a restricted germinative zone, which lines the dorsal testicular vessel. Single spermatogonia (As), including the spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs), produce successively paired (Ap), undifferentiated (Au4to Au512), and differentiated (Ad1to Ad8) spermatogonia and preleptotene (PL) spermatocytes through 13 mitoses. Dogfish spermatogonial subpopulations present classical morphological characteristics but cannot be distinguished on the basis of molecular markers. This characterization has been initiated in mammals despite the difficulty to separate each spermatogonial subpopulation. For instance, both glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor family receptor alpha 1 (GFRα1) and promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger protein (PLZF) are markers of undifferentiated spermatogonia, whereas receptor tyrosine kinase C-kit is a marker of differentiated spermatogonia. The aim of this study is to characterize spermatogonial markers and to differentiate several spermatogonial subpopulations. Dogfish cDNA sequences have been identified and validated by phylogenetic analyses forgfrα1,plzf,pou2, as well as for high-mobility group box proteins 2 and 3 (hmgb2and3) and for mini-chromosome maintenance protein 6 (mcm6). We have used the anatomical advantage of the polarized dogfish testis to analyze the expression of those markers by RT-PCR andin situhybridization.gfrα1,pou2, andplzfhave been detected in the testicular germinative zone, suggesting that spermatogonial markers are relatively well conserved among vertebrates but with a less restricted expression forplzf. Moreover,hmgb3andmcm6have been identified as new markers of differentiated spermatogonia. Finally, this first molecular characterization of spermatogonial subpopulations in a chondrichthyan model will be useful for further studies on the SSC niche evolution.

Published
2014
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25. Effets de l’exposition aux herbicides chez des Mollusques marins exploités. Approche in vitro chez l’ormeau, Haliotis tuberculata et approche in vivo chez l’huître creuse, Crassostrea gigas

Author

Mottier, Antoine, Biologie des mollusques marins et des écosystèmes associés (BioMEA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Région Basse-Normandie, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Katherine Costil, European Project: CHRONEXPO, Mottier, Antoine, and Etudes sur les effets de l'exposition chronique des organismes marins aux contaminants d'origine industrielle en Manche - CHRONEXPO - INCOMING

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, embryo-larval stages, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], stades embryo-larvaires, ecotoxicology, hémocytes, expositions subchroniques, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], herbicides, glyphosate, haemocytes, Crassostrea gigas, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, mecoprop, juveniles, Haliotis tuberculata, subchronic exposures, écotoxicologie, Roundup
Abstract

This work aimed to assess the effects of world wide used herbicides on two economically important mollusc species : the abalone Haliotis tuberculata and the cupped oyster Crassostrea gigas. The researches dealt with in vitro and in vivo laboratory experiments. In vitro experiments on H. tuberculata haemocytes were performed in order to assess the effects of an active matter (glyphosate), a commercial formulation (Roundup express : REX) and a mixture of adjuvants (POEAs). Results showed a greater toxicity of exposures to REX and POEAs which appeared to act on biological membranes. In vivo experiments on C. gigas also clearly demonstrated the toxicity of commercial formulations and adjuvants. Bioassays on early life stages (D veliger and pediveliger) allowed us to assess the toxicity of a relatively large number of active matters (glyphosate, mecoprop, mecoprop-p), degradation compounds (AMPA, 2-MCP), commercial formulations (Roundup) and adjuvantmixture (POEAs). Results provided interesting information on the relative toxicity of the tested chemicals and showed the sensitivity of the earliest life stage (i.e. D veliger larvae). Long time exposures (up to 56 days) of C. gigas juveniles revealed an activation of the defense mechanisms at the molecular level but also physiological perturbations with a slowdown in growth and gametogenesis of oysters exposed to the lowest doses of Roundup and POEAs (i.e at the dose of 0.1μg/L which could be measured in the environment). Environmentally relevant doses of pesticides cannot lead to oyster mortality but could be considered as additional stressors during the periods prior to summer mortalities., Ce travail de thèse vise à étudier l’impact de molécules herbicides parmi les plus utilisées en France et dans le monde, sur deux espèces de mollusques exploitées : l’ormeau, Haliotis tuberculata et l’huître creuse, Crassostrea gigas. Les travaux ont porté sur des expositions réalisées en laboratoire et deux approches différentes ont été mises en oeuvre. Une première approche in vitro s’est intéressée chez H. tuberculata aux effets d’une matière active seule (glyphosate), d’une formulation commerciale (Roundup Express) et d’un mélange d’adjuvants (POEAs) sur les hémocytes, cellules responsables de la fonction immunitaire chez les mollusques. Les résultats ont montré une toxicité accrue de la formulation commerciale et des adjuvants qui semblerait liée à des effets au niveau des membranes biologiques. La toxicité plus importante des formulations commerciales due aux adjuvants a également été démontrée lors de la seconde approche in vivo chez C. gigas. Des bioessais sur les larvesvéligères D et sur des larves pédivéligères ont permis de mettre en évidence la sensibilité des stades les plus jeunes et l’importance d’étudier non seulement les matières actives (glyphosate, mecoprop, mecoprop-p) mais aussi l’ensemble des composés apparentés : produits de dégradation (AMPA, 2-MCP), matière active formulée (Roundup) et adjuvants (POEAs). Enfin, des expositions de juvéniles de C. gigas pendant un temps supérieur ou égal à un mois suggèrent des effets au niveau moléculaire avec l’activation de systèmes de détoxication mais aussi au niveau intégré avec des perturbations de la croissance et du déroulement de la gamétogenèse pour les individus exposés aux plus faibles doses de Roundup et de POEAs (notamment 0,1 μg/L qui peut correspondre à une concentration environnementale). Les herbicides aux doses environnementales ne peuvent pas engendrer de mortalités ostréicoles pour les stades de vie étudiés mais ils peuvent constituer des facteurs de stress dans les périodes précédant les mortalités estivales.

Published
2013

26. DNA Methylation Is Crucial for the Early Development in the Oyster C. gigas

Author

Pascal Sourdaine, Guillaume Riviere, Pascal Favrel, Guan Chung Wu, Alexandre Fellous, Didier Goux, Biologie des mollusques marins et des écosystèmes associés (BioMEA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Taiwan Ocean University (NTOU), Interactions Cellules Organismes Environnement (ICORE), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Caen, and Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)

Subjects
Evolution, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Aquaculture, Biology, Development, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Methylation, Epigenesis, Genetic, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Epigenetics of physical exercise, Transcription (biology), Animals, Immunoprecipitation, Homeobox, 14. Life underwater, Epigenetics, DNA Modification Methylases, Gene, RNA-Directed DNA Methylation, 030304 developmental biology, Epigenomics, Homeodomain Proteins, Genetics, Analysis of Variance, 0303 health sciences, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, DNA Methylation, Immunohistochemistry, Ostreidae, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, DNA methylation, Azacitidine, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

International audience; In vertebrates, epigenetic modifications influence gene transcription, and an appropriate DNA methylation is critical in development. Indeed, a precise temporal and spatial pattern of early gene expression is mandatory for a normal embryogenesis. However, such a regulation and its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood in more distant organisms such as Lophotrochozoa. Thus, despite DNA in the oyster genome being methylated, the role of DNA methylation in development is unknown. To clarify this point, oyster genomic DNA was examined during early embryogenesis and found differentially methylated. Reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction indicated stage-specific levels of transcripts encoding DNA-methyltransferase (DNMT) and methyl-binding domain proteins. In addition, as highlighted by electronic microscopy and immunohistochemistry, the DNMT inhibitor 5-aza-cytidine induced alterations in the quantity and the localisation of methylated DNA and severe dose-dependent development alterations and was lethal after zygotic genome reinitiation. Furthermore, methyl-DNA-immunoprecipitation–quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed that the transcription level of most of the homeobox gene orthologues examined, but not of the other early genes investigated, was inversely correlated with their specific DNA methylation. Altogether, our results demonstrate that DNA methylation influences gene expression in Crassostrea gigas and is critical for oyster development, possibly by specifically controlling the transcription level of homeobox orthologues. These findings provide evidence for the importance of epigenetic regulation of development in Lophotrochozoans and bring new insights into the early life of C. gigas, one of the most important aquaculture resources worldwide.

Published
2013
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27. Key Features of Intertidal Food Webs That Support Migratory Shorebirds

Author

Julien Chalumeau, Johann Lavaud, Katell Guizien, Gilles Radenac, Gwenaël Quaintenne, Pierre Richard, Alain F. Vézina, Pierre-Yves Pascal, Pierrick Bocher, Christine Dupuy, Hélène Montanié, Margot De Crignis, Sébastien Lefebvre, Blanche Saint-Béat, Nathalie Niquil, Frédéric Robin, Jean-Luc Mouget, Camille La Fontaine, Francis Orvain, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lab-STICC_CNRS_CID_SFIIS, Département Image et Traitement Information (ITI), Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des environnements benthiques (LECOB), Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Mer, molécules et santé EA 2160 (MMS), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Biologie des mollusques marins et des écosystèmes associés (BioMEA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de biologie et environnement marins - LBEM (LBEML), Normandie Université (NU), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche, culture, éducation, formation, travail (CIRCEFT), and Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, lcsh:Medicine, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 01 natural sciences, Nest, Flyway, lcsh:Science, Atlantic Ocean, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Biomass (ecology), Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Geography, Ecology, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Food web, Markov Chains, Bays, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, France, Seasons, Monte Carlo Method, Research Article, Food Chain, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Intertidal zone, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, Models, Biological, [SDV.MP.PRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Protistology, Birds, Animals, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Shore, geography, Bacteria, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, lcsh:R, 15. Life on land, Invertebrates, lcsh:Q, Animal Migration, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Bay, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract

International audience; The migratory shorebirds of the East Atlantic flyway land in huge numbers during a migratory stopover or wintering on the French Atlantic coast. The Brouage bare mudflat (Marennes-Oléron Bay, NE Atlantic) is one of the major stopover sites in France. The particular structure and function of a food web affects the efficiency of carbon transfer. The structure and functioning of the Brouage food web is crucial for the conservation of species landing within this area because it provides sufficient food, which allows shorebirds to reach the north of Europe where they nest. The aim of this study was to describe and understand which food web characteristics support nutritional needs of birds. Two food-web models were constructed, based on in situ measurements that were made in February 2008 (the presence of birds) and July 2008 (absence of birds). To complete the models, allometric relationships and additional data from the literature were used. The missing flow values of the food web models were estimated by Monte Carlo Markov Chain – Linear Inverse Modelling. The flow solutions obtained were used to calculate the ecological network analysis indices, which estimate the emergent properties of the functioning of a food-web. The total activities of the Brouage ecosystem in February and July are significantly different. The specialisation of the trophic links within the ecosystem does not appear to differ between the two models. In spite of a large export of carbon from the primary producer and detritus in winter, the higher recycling leads to a similar retention of carbon for the two seasons. It can be concluded that in February, the higher activity of the ecosystem coupled with a higher cycling and a mean internal organization, ensure the sufficient feeding of the migratory shorebirds.

Published
2013
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28. Transcriptome and peptidome characterisation of the main neuropeptides and peptidic hormones of a Euphausiid: the ice krill Euphausia crystallorophias

Author

Benoit Bernay, Michael A. S. Thorne, Erwan Corre, Kévin Cascella, Céline Ollivaux, Jean-Yves Toullec, Melody S. Clark, Joël Henry, Adaptation et Biologie des Invertébrés en Conditions Extrêmes (ABICE), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Phophorylation de protéines et Pathologies Humaines (P3H), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie des mollusques marins et des écosystèmes associés (BioMEA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrative des Modèles Marins (LBI2M), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Emergence-UPMC research program, Region Bretagne, Institut Paul Emile Victor (KREVET program), la Region Bretagne (SAD-1 - DRAKAR program), and Natural Environment Research Council

Subjects
Proteomics, Central Nervous System, Anatomy and Physiology, Proteome, Eucarida, Peptide Hormones, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], lcsh:Medicine, Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry, Transcriptomes, Cluster Analysis, Biomass, lcsh:Science, Phylogeny, Bursicon, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Spectrometric Identification of Proteins, biology, Ecology, Proteomic Databases, Neurochemistry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Genomics, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Sequence Analysis, Research Article, Krill, Oceans and Seas, Molecular Sequence Data, Zoology, Neuropeptide, Antarctic Regions, Endocrine System, Marine Biology, Peptide hormone, Neurological System, 03 medical and health sciences, Genome Analysis Tools, Peripheral Nervous System, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Amino Acid Sequence, Biology, 030304 developmental biology, Gene Library, Crustacean cardioactive peptide, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Endocrine Physiology, lcsh:R, Neuropeptides, Proteins, Neuroendocrinology, Prohormones, Euphausia crystallorophias, biology.organism_classification, Hormones, Regulatory Proteins, Corazonin, 13. Climate action, 040102 fisheries, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, lcsh:Q, Transcriptome, Euphausiacea, Neuroscience
Abstract

International audience; Background: The Ice krill, Euphausia crystallorophias is one of the species at the base of the Southern Ocean food chain. Given their significant contribution to the biomass of the Southern Ocean, it is vitally important to gain a better understanding of their physiology and, in particular, anticipate their responses to climate change effects in the warming seas around Antarctica. Methodology/Principal Findings: Illumina sequencing was used to produce a transcriptome of the ice krill. Analysis of the assembled contigs via two different methods, produced 36 new pre-pro-peptides, coding for 61 neuropeptides or peptide hormones belonging to the following families: Allatostatins (A, B et C), Bursicon (alpha and beta), Crustacean Hyperglycemic Hormones (CHH and MIH/VIHs), Crustacean Cardioactive Peptide (CCAP), Corazonin, Diuretic Hormones (DH), the Eclosion Hormone (EH), Neuroparsin, Neuropeptide F (NPF), small Neuropeptide F (sNPF), Pigment Dispersing Hormone (PDH), Red Pigment Concentrating Hormone (RPCH) and finally Tachykinin. LC/MS/MS proteomics was also carried out on eyestalk extracts, which are the major site of neuropeptide synthesis in decapod crustaceans. Results confirmed the presence of six neuropeptides and six precursor-related peptides previously identified in the transcriptome analyses. Conclusions: This study represents the first comprehensive analysis of neuropeptide hormones in a Eucarida non-decapod Malacostraca, several of which are described for the first time in a non-decapod crustacean. Additionally, there is a potential expansion of PDH and Neuropeptide F family members, which may reflect certain life history traits such as circadian rhythms associated with diurnal migrations and also the confirmation via mass spectrometry of several novel pre-propeptides, of unknown function. Knowledge of these essential hormones provides a vital framework for understanding the physiological response of this key Southern Ocean species to climate change and provides a valuable resource for studies into the molecular phylogeny of these organisms and the evolution of neuropeptide hormones.

Published
2013
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29. Identification and expression of two oxytocin/vasopressin-related peptides in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis

Author

Benoit Bernay, Valérie Cornet, Céline Zatylny-Gaudin, Joël Henry, Biologie des mollusques marins et des écosystèmes associés (BioMEA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Cellules Organismes Environnement (ICORE), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Caen, and Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)

Subjects
Signal peptide, Cuttlefish, Central Nervous System, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Vasopressin, Protein Structure, Sepia, Physiology, Vasopressins, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Molecular Sequence Data, Neuropeptide, Gene Expression, Neurophysins, Biology, Oxytocin, Biochemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Sequence Analysis, Protein, Internal medicine, medicine, Journal Article, Animals, Amino Acid Sequence, Peptide sequence, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Base Sequence, Protein, [SDV.BDLR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology, Sequence Analysis, DNA, DNA, Cell biology, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Female, Sequence Alignment, Sequence Analysis, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Tertiary, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, medicine.drug, Muscle Contraction
Abstract

International audience; Two novel members of the oxytocin/vasopressin superfamily have been identified in the cephalopod Sepia officinalis. Oxytocin/vasopressin gene sequences were cloned by Race PCR. The two precursors we identified exhibit the classical organization of OT/VP superfamily precursors: a signal peptide followed by a nonapeptide and a neurophysin domain. The neurophysin domain is entirely conserved for the cuttlefish precursors, but the nonapeptides and the signal peptides differ. The first nonapeptide, called sepiatocin, is highly homologous to Octopus vulgaris octopressin. The second nonapeptide, called pro-sepiatocin, shows sequence homologies with a Crustacean oxytocin/vasopressin-like peptide identified in Daphnia culex and with a novel form of oxytocin described in New World monkeys. The expression of pro-sepiatocin is restricted to the supraesophageal and subesophageal masses of the brain whereas sepiatocin is expressed in the entire central nervous system. Sepiatocin, as described for octopressin, modulates the contractile activity of several muscles such as penis, oviduct and vena cava muscles; this suggests its involvement in reproduction and blood circulation. Pro-sepiatocin is released in the hemolymph; it is a neurohormone able to target numerous peripheral organs.

Published
2013
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30. Cg-SoxE and Cg-β-catenin, two new potential actors of the sex-determining pathway in a hermaphrodite lophotrochozoan, the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas

Author

Pascal Sourdaine, Anne-Sophie Martinez, Christelle Santerre, Béatrice Adeline, Biologie des mollusques marins et des écosystèmes associés (BioMEA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Male, Oyster, endocrine system, animal structures, Physiology, Somatic cell, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Molecular Sequence Data, Lophotrochozoa, Gene Expression, Biochemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Oogenesis, Hermaphrodite, biology.animal, Animals, Hermaphroditic Organisms, Gonadic differentiation, Amino Acid Sequence, Cloning, Molecular, Crassostrea, Gonads, Spermatogenesis, Molecular Biology, Phylogeny, beta Catenin, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, biology, Ecology, urogenital system, SOXE Transcription Factors, Vertebrate, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Pacific oyster, β-catenin, Sex Determination Processes, biology.organism_classification, Gene Expression Regulation, Evolutionary biology, Sex-determining pathways, Female, Vitellogenesis, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Sox9
Abstract

International audience; ex determination is poorly known in mollusks, lophotrochozoa and most hermaphrodites. In the oyster Crassostrea gigas, an irregular successive hermaphrodite, sex determination may occur at the end of a gametogenetic cycle to prepare the next cycle. To investigate further into these aspects we have focused on orthologs of SoxE and β-catenin, key players of the male and female gonadic differentiation respectively in mammals. Based on phylogenetic analyses, Cg-SoxE, the oyster's SoxE ortholog, is closely related to vertebrate SoxE genes while Cg-β-catenin, the oyster's β-catenin ortholog, is classified amongst lophotrochozoa. The mRNA expression measured by qPCR in the gonadic area during a gametogenetic cycle is maximal for Cg-SoxE when sex is indiscernible and for Cg-β-catenin in mature females. Both expressions are localized from early germ cells to spermatocytes and pre-vitellogenic oocytes, and potentially in somatic cells. Cg-β-catenin is also expressed in vitellogenic oocytes. These actors may be involved in early oyster gonadic differentiation, which includes sex determination. Our results enhance the understanding of sex determination in C. gigas and in mollusks and they provide additional knowledge in compared genomics of reproduction and in molecular phylogeny.

Published
2013
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31. Impact of energy storage strategies on gametogenesis and reproductive effort in diploid and triploid Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas — Involvement of insulin signaling

Author

C. Heude-Berthelin, Pascal Sourdaine, J.L. Blin, Kristell Kellner, Aude Jouaux, M. Mathieu, Béatrice Adeline, Biologie des mollusques marins et des écosystèmes associés (BioMEA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Synergie MEr et Littoral (SMEL)

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Zoology, Triploid, Broodstock, Aquatic Science, Gametogenesis, Insulin-like, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Mollusca, 030304 developmental biology, Gonia, 0303 health sciences, Storage metabolism, biology, Glycogen, Diploid, Ecology, fungi, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Pacific oyster, biology.organism_classification, Bivalvia, chemistry, Crassostrea gigas, 040102 fisheries, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Crassostrea
Abstract

International audience; Gametogenesis of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas follows an annual cycle. In this work, we used contrasting dietary conditions (fed and unfed) for a preconditioning treatment in order to impact glycogen storage supporting reproductive pathways in diploid and triploid animals before a broodstock conditioning treatment. In diploid oysters, food deprivation during preconditioning led to reduced gonia proliferation as demonstrated by lower PCNA (Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen) expression and subsequently, the reproductive effort was significantly reduced. For triploid animals exhibiting arrested gametogenesis, dietary conditions impacted the ratio of α (animals with unlocked gametogenesis) and β (animals with locked gametogenesis). Thermal stress applied to these conditioned animals confirmed the weakness of diploid animals with high stored reserves and intense reproductive effort, versus low reproductive effort. Moreover, only low mortalities were observed for triploid animals whatever the reproductive status. The involvement of the insulin pathway in the regulation of gametogenesis and storage rebuilding was assessed by measuring an increased expression of CIR (C. gigas insulin related receptor) in unfed oysters.

Published
2013
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32. Light:dark (12:12 h) quantification of carbohydrate fluxes in Crocosphaera watsonii

Author

Pascal Claquin, Virginie Raimbault, Patrick Chang, Antoine Sciandra, Sophie Rabouille, Amélie Talec, Anthony Dron, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie des mollusques marins et des écosystèmes associés (BioMEA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0303 health sciences, 030306 microbiology, chemistry.chemical_element, Crocosphaera watsonii, Aquatic Science, Carbohydrate, 03 medical and health sciences, Extracellular polymeric substance, chemistry, Biochemistry, Diazotroph, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Carbon, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract

International audience

Published
2012
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33. Expression of a Natural Antisense Transcript of Cg-Foxl2 during the Gonadic Differentiation of the Oyster Crassostrea gigas : First Demonstration in the Gonads of a Lophotrochozoa Species

Author

Santerre, C., Sourdaine, P., Martinez, A.-S., Biologie des mollusques marins et des écosystèmes associés (BioMEA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
endocrine system, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], fungi
Abstract

International audience; In the oyster Crassostrea gigas, a successive hermaphrodite, Cg-Foxl2, an ortholog of Foxl2, is suspected to be involved in vitellogenesis or female sex determination. The existence of a natural antisense transcript (NAT) of this factor has been suspected in gonads but needs to be confirmed to better understand the early events of the gonadic differentiation. The occurrence of this NAT was studied by orientation-specific RT-PCR. The NAT and its mRNA expressions were investigated during the development and in adults by real-time PCR and in situ hybridization. The presence of stable in vivo RNA-RNA duplexes was also explored by RNase protection-based approach. This work is the first evidence of characterization of a NAT in the gonads of mollusks and Lophotrochozoa. This NAT named Cg-Foxl2os is supposed to be polyadenylated and forms RNA-RNA duplexes with its mRNA. Cg-Foxl2os is significantly more expressed than Cg-Foxl2 in 2-month-old spats and in mature males. It is co-localized with the mRNA in the cytoplasm of spermatogonia and spermatocytes. The results of this study demonstrate the existence of a NAT of Cg-Foxl2 in the gonads of C. gigas. It may regulate its mRNA expression through formation of cytoplasmic RNA-RNA duplexes during the oyster gonadic differentiation.

Published
2012
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34. A complex set of sex pheromones identified in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis

Author

Joël Henry, Benoit Bernay, Michèle Baudy-Floc’h, Jérôme Leprince, Jérémy Enault, Céline Zatylny-Gaudin, Benjamin Lefranc, Biologie des mollusques marins et des écosystèmes associés (BioMEA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Cellules Organismes Environnement (ICORE), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Différenciation et communication neuronale et neuroendocrine (DC2N), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Plate-Forme de Recherche en Imagerie Cellulaire de Haute-Normandie (PRIMACEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-High-tech Research Infrastructures for Life Sciences (HeRacLeS), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This work was supported by a Ph.D. grant of the 'Comité Régional de Basse-Normandy'., Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Brébion, Alice, and Lefranc, Benjamin

Subjects
Cuttlefish, Sexual Reproduction, Anatomy and Physiology, lcsh:Medicine, Bioinformatics, Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry, Pheromones, 0302 clinical medicine, Sepia, Mating, Sex Attractants, lcsh:Science, Peptide sequence, Animal Management, Genetics, Expressed Sequence Tags, 0303 health sciences, Expressed sequence tag, [SDV.BDLR.RS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology/Sexual reproduction, Multidisciplinary, Animal Behavior, [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, Reproduction, Decapodiformes, Sex pheromone, [SDV.BBM.GTP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Female, Seasons, Research Article, Sexual Behavior, Molecular Sequence Data, Endocrine System, Marine Biology, Biology, [SDV.BDLR.RS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology/Sexual reproduction, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Animals, Amino Acid Sequence, 030304 developmental biology, Gene Library, Endocrine Physiology, cDNA library, Gene Expression Profiling, lcsh:R, Reproductive System, Proteins, Fisheries Science, Sequence Analysis, DNA, [CHIM.ORGA] Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, Hormones, Regulatory Proteins, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, [SDV.BA.ZI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, lcsh:Q, Animal Migration, Veterinary Science, Peptides, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

International audience; BACKGROUND: The cephalopod mollusk Sepia officinalis can be considered as a relevant model for studying reproduction strategies associated to seasonal migrations. Using transcriptomic and peptidomic approaches, we aim to identify peptide sex pheromones that are thought to induce the aggregation of mature cuttlefish in their egg-laying areas. RESULTS: To facilitate the identification of sex pheromones, 576 5'-expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were sequenced from a single cDNA library generated from accessory sex glands of female cuttlefish. Our analysis yielded 223 unique sequences composed of 186 singletons and 37 contigs. Three major redundant ESTs called SPα, SPα' and SPβ were identified as good candidates for putative sex pheromone transcripts and are part of the 87 unique sequences classified as unknown. The alignment of translated SPα and SPα' revealed a high level of conservation, with 98.4% identity. Translation led to a 248-amino acid precursor containing six peptides with multiple putative disulfide bonds. The alignment of SPα-α' with SPβ revealed a partial structural conservation, with 37.3% identity. Translation of SPβ led to a 252-amino acid precursor containing five peptides. The occurrence of a signal peptide on SPα, SPα' and SPβ showed that the peptides were secreted. RT-PCR and mass spectrometry analyses revealed a co-localization of transcripts and expression products in the oviduct gland. Preliminary in vitro experiments performed on gills and penises revealed target organs involved in mating and ventilation. CONCLUSIONS: The analysis of the accessory sex gland transcriptome of Sepia officinalis led to the identification of peptidic sex pheromones. Although preliminary functional tests suggested the involvement of the α3 and β2 peptides in ventilation and mating stimulation, further functional investigations will make it possible to identify the complete set of biological activities expected from waterborne pheromones.

Published
2012
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35. Effect of zinc sacrificial anode degradation on the defence system of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas: chronic and acute exposures

Author

Marie-Laure Mahaut, Jean-Marc Lebel, Daniel Barillier, Christelle Caplat, Antoine Mottier, Thomas Latire, Antoine Serpentini, Katherine Costil, Elmina Mottin, Interactions Cellules Organismes Environnement (ICORE), CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Institut de Biologie Fondamentale et Appliquée [Caen] (IBFA), Biologie des mollusques marins et des écosystèmes associés (BioMEA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique (LCB), Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine, Institut national des sciences et techniques de la mer (INTECHMER), and Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)

Subjects
Gill, Mrna expression, chemistry.chemical_element, Zinc, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Immune parameters, Oceanography, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Toxicology, Andrology, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, Sacrificial anode, medicine, Animals, RNA, Messenger, Crassostrea, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 0303 health sciences, biology, Superoxide Dismutase, mRNA expression, Pacific oyster, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, chemistry, Laboratory exposures, Zinc toxicity, Crassostrea gigas, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Degradation (geology), Metallothionein, Reactive Oxygen Species, Biomarkers, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

International audience; Two types of exposures were performed to assess the effects of zinc released from sacrificial anode degradation: a chronic exposure, in which oysters were exposed to 0.53 ± 0.04 mg Zn L−1 for 10 weeks, and an acute exposure, where oysters were exposed to 10.2 ± 1.2 mg Zn L−1 for 1 week. At the end of the acute exposure experiment, 81.8% mortality was recorded. In contrast, no mortality was detected after 10 weeks exposure. Moreover, all of the immune system biomarkers studied, except the number of circulating haemocytes, were stimulated by a moderate level of zinc and inhibited by a high level. Our exposure conditions did not induce SOD or MXR mRNA expression in gills and digestive gland. However, an increase of MT mRNA is observed in these tissues. The results indicate that oysters are sensitive to acute zinc toxicity but are only moderately affected by a mild zinc concentration.

Published
2011
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36. Impact of Si-C interactions in the diatom frustule on the export and the preservation of organic carbon

Author

Charlotte Soler, Brivaëla Moriceau, Pascal Claquin, Madeleine Goutx, Olivier Ragueneau, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie des mollusques marins et des écosystèmes associés (BioMEA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de MicrobiologiE de Géochimie et d'Ecologie Marines (LMGEM), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, and Moriceau, Brivaëla

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2010

37. Integrative Taxonomy of the Pavlovophyceae (Haptophyta): A Reassessment

Author

Annie Hervé, Christophe Lelong, Chantal Billard, Didier Goux, Jean-Paul Cadoret, El Mahdi Bendif, Ian Probert, Benoît Véron, Evolution des Protistes et Ecosystèmes Pélagiques (EPEP), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Cellules Organismes Environnement (ICORE), CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Biologie des mollusques marins et des écosystèmes associés (BioMEA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physiologie et biotechnologie des Algues (PBA), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Physiologie et Ecophysiologie des Mollusques Marins (PE2M), [FP7-227799], Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Biotechnologies et Ressources Marines (BRM), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Species complex, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Molecular Sequence Data, Zoology, Biology, Haptophyta, phylogeny, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, 030308 mycology & parasitology, Evolution, Molecular, taxonomy, 03 medical and health sciences, Genus, Phylogenetics, Clade, Pavlovophyceae, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, 18S rDNA, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ribosomal RNA, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, ultrastructure, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Taxonomy (biology), Diacronema
Abstract

International audience; The Pavlovophyceae (Haptophyta) contains four genera (Pavlova, Diacronema, Exanthemachrysis and Rebecca) and only thirteen characterised species, several of which are important in ecological and economic contexts. We have constructed molecular phylogenies inferred from sequencing of ribosomal gene markers with comprehensive coverage of the described diversity, using type strains when available, together with additional cultured strains. The morphology and ultrastructure of 12 of the described species was also re-examined and the pigment signatures of many culture strains were determined. The molecular analysis revealed that sequences of all described species differed, although those of Pavlova gyrans and P. pinguis were nearly identical, these potentially forming a single cryptic species complex. Four well-delineated genetic clades were identified, one of which included species of both Pavlova and Diacronema. Unique combinations of morphological/ultrastructural characters were identified for each of these clades. The ancestral pigment signature of the Pavlovophyceae consisted of a basic set of pigments plus MV chl cPAV, the latter being entirely absent in the Pavlova + Diacronema clade and supplemented by DV chl cPAV in part of the Exanthemachrysis clade. Based on this combination of characters, we propose a taxonomic revision of the class, with transfer of several Pavlova species to an emended Diacronema genus. The evolution of the class is discussed in the context of the phylogenetic reconstruction presented. (C) 2011 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Published
2012
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