42 results on '"Barković, Igor"'
Search Results
2. Extreme anaerobic exercise causes reduced cytotoxicity and increased cytokine production by peripheral blood lymphocytes
- Author
-
Gašparini, Dora, Kavazović, Inga, Barković, Igor, Maričić, Vitomir, Ivaniš, Viktor, Samsa, Dijana Travica, Peršić, Viktor, Polić, Bojan, Turk Wensveen, Tamara, and Wensveen, Felix M.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment: A complementary treatment modality of Modic changes?
- Author
-
Batinac, Tanja, Sotošek, Vlatka, Valković, Toni, Gorup, Lari, Franolić, Mario, and Barković, Igor
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Clinical Approach to Patients with COVID-19 and Unrecognized Obstructive Sleep Apnea.
- Author
-
Ćurić, Melany, Marinelli, Frano, Prica, Vuk, Pavlović, Marijana, and Barković, Igor
- Subjects
COVID-19 ,SLEEP apnea syndromes ,CONTINUOUS positive airway pressure ,COVID-19 pandemic ,RESPIRATORY insufficiency - Abstract
Purpose: We conducted a retrospective case series of seven male COVID-19 patients with respiratory failure and suspected OSA based on clinical features to evaluate the effects of undiagnosed obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on COVID-19 outcomes and the response to a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment. Cardiorespiratory polygraphy (CRP) and a continuous positive airway pressure treatment were used for diagnosis and management. They confirmed severe obstructive sleep apnea in all patients (apnea/hypopnea index > 30) and improved overnight oxygenation and symptoms at the 1-month follow-up. Conclusions: Undiagnosed obstructive sleep apnea may negatively impact COVID-19 outcomes by exacerbating respiratory failure. Recognition and treatment with continuous positive airway pressure can optimize the management of such patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Vaccination provides superior in vivo recall capacity of SARS-CoV-2-specific memory CD8 T cells
- Author
-
Kavazović, Inga, primary, Dimitropoulos, Christoforos, additional, Gašparini, Dora, additional, Rončević Filipović, Mari, additional, Barković, Igor, additional, Koster, Jan, additional, Lemmermann, Niels A., additional, Babić, Marina, additional, Cekinović Grbeša, Đurđica, additional, and Wensveen, Felix M., additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Accuracy of targeted wire guided tube thoracostomy in comparison to classical surgical chest tube placement – A clinical study
- Author
-
Protic, Alen, Barkovic, Igor, Ivancic, Aldo, Kricka, Ozren, Zuvic-Butorac, Marta, and Sustic, Alan
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Arterial blood gases’ analysis in elite breath-hold divers at extreme depths
- Author
-
Barković, Igor, primary, Jurilj, Zdravko, additional, Marinelli, Frano, additional, Maričić, Vitomir, additional, Pavlović, Marijana, additional, Turk Wensveen, Tamara, additional, and Peršić, Viktor, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Vaccination Provides Superior in vivo Recall Capacity of SARS-CoV-2 Specific Memory CD8 T Cells
- Author
-
Kavazović, Inga, primary, Dimitropoulos, Christoforos, additional, Rončević Filipović, Mari, additional, Barković, Igor, additional, Koster, Jan, additional, Lemmermann, Niels A., additional, Babič, Marina, additional, Cekinović Grbeša, Đurđica, additional, and Wensveen, Felix Martinus, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Haemoptysis in breath-hold divers; where does it come from?
- Author
-
Barković, Igor, Maričić, Vitomir, Reinić, Boris, Marinelli, Frano, and Wensveen, Tamara Turk
- Abstract
Introduction: The aim of reporting these two cases is to present visual evidence by bronchoscopy of the origin of haemoptysis in two elite breath-hold divers. Case reports: Two male elite breath-hold divers of similar physical characteristics presented to our clinic after performing dives of up to 75 and 59 meters of seawater depth for 2:30 and 2:35 (minutes:seconds) respectively. Both patients presented with haemoptysis. Lung ultrasound was performed. The first patient had crackles on chest auscultation, overt pulmonary oedema clinically and 90 ultrasound lung comets. The second patient had no oedema or crackles, but presented with 20 ultrasound lung comets. Video bronchoscopy was performed which showed traces of blood coming from all three segments of the right upper lobe in both patients. The rest of the airways and lungs were intact. Conclusions: These finding suggest that the apical parts of the lungs are the most prone to deep-dive induced damage. The precise mechanism of lung barotrauma and haemoptysis in breath-hold divers remains to be elucidated. These findings may be of importance for a better understanding of the underlying pathology of haemoptysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. SMJERNICE ZA NEINVAZIVNU MEHANIČKU VENTILACIJU PRI LIJEČENJU KRONIČNE RESPIRACIJSKE INSUFICIJENCIJE
- Author
-
Pavliša, Gordana, Bulat Kardum, Ljiljana, Puretić, Hrvoje, Žuljević, Ervin, Stipić-Marković, Asja, Barković, Igor, Žagar, Marija, Artuković, Marinko, Matijević, Gordana, and Samaržija, Miroslav
- Subjects
Pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive – complications ,BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Kliničke medicinske znanosti. Interna medicina ,Practice guidelines as topic ,Neinvazivna ventilacija – metode, uređaj ,Respiracijska insufi cijencija – etiologija, liječenje ,Kronična opstruktivna plućna ,Croatia ,Hrvatska ,Respiratory insuffi - ciency – etiology, therapy ,Kronična opstruktivna plućna bolest – komplikacije ,Smjernice ,Positive-presssure respiration ,Noninvasive ventilation – instrumentation, methods ,BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Clinical Medical Sciences. Internal Medicine - Abstract
U posljednja dva desetljeća znatno je porasla upotreba neinvazivne mehaničke ventilacije (NIV) kao učinkovite metode zbrinjavanja akutne i kronične respiracijske insuficijencije. U bolesnika s kroničnom respiracijskom insuficijencijom NIV se može primijeniti u kućnim uvjetima. Najčešće bolesti koje dovode do razvoja kronične respiracijske insuficijencije jesu: kronična opstruktivna plućna bolest, sindrom hipoventilacije u pretilih, restriktivne plućne bolesti i neuromuskularne bolesti. Primjena NIV-a poboljšava vrijednosti dišnih plinova, simptome, kvalitetu života i produžuje životni vijek bolesnika s kroničnom respiracijskom insuficijencijom. Danas se NIV uglavnom provodi primjenom pozitivnog tlaka zraka na dišne putove bolesnika, a dvorazinska tlačna potpora najčešći je način ventilacije. Izbor adekvatnog sučelja osnova je uspješne primjene NIV-a. Kućni NIV može se indicirati i započeti u specijaliziranim centrima. Liječnik je odgovoran za postavljanje indikacija, izbor ventilatora, načina i parametara ventilacije. Ciljevi ovih smjernica jesu: pružanje informacija o tehničkim aspektima kućnog NIV-a kliničarima i određivanje indikacija, kontraindikacija te preporučenih postavka ventilacije za svaku skupinu bolesti., The use of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) has been markedly increased over the past two decades, as an effective method of managing acute and chronic respiratory failure. Patients suffering from chronic respiratory failure can be introduced to home NIV. The most frequent diseases leading to chronic respiratory failure are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS), restrictive thoracic diseases and neuromuscular diseases (NMD). NIV application improves blood gases, symptoms, quality of life and prolongs survival of these patients. Nowadays, noninvasive ventilation is mostly performed by positive pressure ventilators and bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) is the most common mode used. The choice of appropriate interface is the key to successful application of noninvasive ventilation. Home NIV must be introduced through specialized centers. The physicians are responsible for indicating home NIV, choosing the type of ventilator, the ventilation mode and ventilation parameters. The objective of this document is to provide clinicians with information on technical aspects of home NIV, to establish diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for initiating home NIV, indications, contraindications and recommended settings for each group of diseases.
- Published
- 2018
11. Smjernice za neinvazivnu mehaničku ventilaciju pri liječenju kronične respiracijske insuficijencije [Guidelines for noninvasive mechanical ventilation for treatment of chronic respiratory failure]
- Author
-
Pavliša, Gordana, Bulat Kardum, Ljiljana, Puretić, Hrvoje, Žuljević, Ervin, Stipić-Marković, Asja, Barković, Igor, Žagar, Marija, Artuković, Marinko, Matijević, Gordana, and Samaržija, Miroslav
- Abstract
The use of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) has been markedly increased over the past two decades, as an effective method of managing acute and chronic respiratory failure. Patients suffering from chronic respiratory failure can be introduced to home NIV. The most frequent diseases leading to chronic respiratory failure are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS), restrictive thoracic diseases and neuromuscular diseases (NMD). NIV application improves blood gases, symptoms, quality of life and prolongs survival of these patients. Nowadays, noninvasive ventilation is mostly performed by positive pressure ventilators and bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) is the most common mode used. The choice of appropriate interface is the key to successful application of noninvasive ventilation. Home NIV must be introduced through specialized centers. The physicians are responsible for indicating home NIV, choosing the type of ventilator, the ventilation mode and ventilation parameters. The objective of this document is to provide clinicians with information on technical aspects of home NIV, to establish diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for initiating home NIV, indications, contraindications and recommended settings for each group of diseases.
- Published
- 2018
12. COMPARISON OF WIRE GUIDED TUBE THORACOSTOMY IN COMPARISON TO CLASSICAL SURGICAL CHEST TUBE PLACEMENT
- Author
-
Barković, Igor and Protić, Alen
- Subjects
BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Kliničke medicinske znanosti. Interna medicina ,mesh:D004322 ,Drenaža ,mesh:D013907 ,Pleuralni izljev ,mesh:D010996 ,Medicina ,Pneumothorax ,Thoracostomy ,Medical sciences ,PNEUMOTORAKS ,mesh:D011030 ,Pleuralni drenovi ,Pleural effusion ,Chest tubes ,Torakostomija ,udc:61(043.3) ,Drainage ,mesh:D015505 ,BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Clinical Medical Sciences. Internal Medicine - Abstract
Cilj istraživanja: Torakalna drenaža standardni je postupak koji se izvodi radi drenaže zraka i tekućine iz pleuralnog prostora. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je dokazati da se korištenjem ciljane žicom vodiljom potpomognute tehnike torakalne drenaže s patentnim izumom, odnosno zakrivljenim dilatatorom, može postići brže, preciznije, jednostavnije i bezbolnije postavljanje torakalnog drena s manje komplikacija i kraćim boravkom u bolnici u odnosu na klasičnu kiruršku tehniku. Ispitanici i metode: Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 80 bolesnika s pleuralnim izljevom i pneumotoraksom kojima je bilo indicirano postavljanje torakalne drenaže. Bolesnici su podijeljeni u dvije skupine. Bolesnicima u jednoj skupini (39 bolesnika) torakalni dren je postavljen ciljanom žicom vodiljom potpomognutom tehnikom torakalne drenaže (C skupina), a u drugoj skupini (41 bolesnik) klasičnom kirurškom tehnikom (K skupina). Svakom bolesniku zabilježeni su opći podaci (matični broj, dob, spol, visina, težina), klinički parametri neposredno prije postavljanja drena (svijest, krvni tlak, broj udaha u minuti, puls), podaci o broju dana od postavljanja do vađenja torakalnog drena, broj re-drenaža, potreba za antibioticima, bolnost mjerena VAS-ljestvicom tijekom postupka i 24 h nakon, trajanju boravka nakon torakalne drenaže. Rezultati: Dokazali smo da je preciznost postavljanja u C skupini statistički značajno veća nego u K skupini. Kod svih bolesnika bez obzira na dijagnozu preciznost postavljanja torakalnog drena bila je 78.4% u C skupini u odnosu na 36.6% u K skupini, (p < 0,001), u skupinii bolesnika sa pleuralnim izljevom, 78,2% u C u odnosu na 37,5% K skupini (p = 0,005), u bolesnika sa pneumotoraksom, 78.6% u C skupini u odnosu na 35.3% u K skupini (p = 0.029). U C skupini bilo je statistički značajno manje curenja tekućine uz dren (p
- Published
- 2017
13. HIPERBARIČNA OKSIGENACIJA U KLINIČKOM BOLNIČKOM CENTRU RIJEKA
- Author
-
Marinović, Marin, Fumić, Nera, Reinić, Boris, Barković, Igor, Marcucci, Emanuela, Brusić, Josip, and Bakota, Bore
- Subjects
prevencija ,BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Clinical Medical Sciences ,tlačni vrijed ,pomagala ,dekubitus ,liječenje ,rizik ,BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Kliničke medicinske znanosti - Abstract
Hiperbarična oksigenoterapija (HBOT) u barokomori u KBC-u Rijeka rezultat je dugogodišnjeg htijenja i planiranja. Sa svojim poznatim i verii ciranim pozitivnim učincima kao adjuvantna terapija kod velikog broja pacijenata sa širokom paletom dijagnoza s jedne strane te velikim potencijalom u stručnom i znanstvenom istraživanju i usavršavanju, HBOT se nameće kao potrebno terapijsko područje na razini KBC-a Rijeka. Ekipiranost stručnim kadrom i suradnja s drugim specijalnostima u smislu timskog rada i interdisciplinarnog pristupa zdravstvenom problemu ima mogućnost da postigne značajne rezultate u liječenju indicirane problematike.
- Published
- 2016
14. Influence of intrapleural treatment with doxorubicin on survival in patients with malignant pleural effusion
- Author
-
Flego, Veljko, Matanić Lender, Dubravka, Barković, Igor, Bulat-Kardum, Ljiljana., and Clinical Insights Inc, New York, NY, USA, and The Croatian Oncology Society of the Croatian Medical Association, Zagreb, Croatia
- Subjects
pleural effusion ,malignancy ,doxorubicin - Abstract
This study investigates clinical characteristics and survival in patients with malignant pleural effusion (MPE).When conventional treatments of MPE, such as repeated thoracentesis, systemic chemotherapy, pleurodesis by instilled sclerosing agents, are ineffective, intrapleural chemotherapy is available. During a five-year period, consecutive pleural effusions were collected prospectively. Patient clinical characteristics and overall survival (OS) were analysed. In particular, we considered the survival of patients with MPE who underwent palliative treatment with intrapleural administration of doxorubicin (DOX), using pleural catheter placement methods. We collected MPEs from 262 patients with various primary and secondary tumors. The main causes of MPE were lung carcinoma, breast cancer, ovarian cancer and pleural mesothelioma. There were 162 (61.8%) males and 100 (38.2%) females, with an overall median age of 62 years (range 32-81 years). Seventy-two patients (27.5%) were treated with intrathoracic administration of DOX at a dose of 20-30 mg. No serious systemic toxicities, including hematologic, cardiopulmonary and renal toxic reactions, were observed. Median OS in all patients with MPEs was 8.3 months. Median OS in patients treated and not treated with local administration of DOX was 11.1 months and 7.2 months, respectively (p=0.013). Our results show a better prognosis in patients after intrapleural chemotherapy with DOX.
- Published
- 2013
15. TNF-α-308 and TNF-α-238 polymorphisms in patients with lung cancer as second primary tumor
- Author
-
Flego, Veljko, Milevoj-Ribić, Flavija, Kurpis, Marina, Barković, Igor, Matanić Lender, Dubravka, Bulat-Kardum, Ljiljana, Radojčić Badovinac, Anđelka., and Hrvatsko torakalno društvo
- Subjects
TNF ,polymorphisms ,lung cancer ,second primary tumor ,respiratory tract diseases - Abstract
Objective: There is no evidence that primary lung cancer is different from a second primary lung cancer (SPLC). This study attemps to determine whether SPLCs are different from sporadic cancers in clinical as well in genetic features. The purpose was quantitative evaluation of the association between TNF-α gene polymorphism at site -308 and -238 and lung cancer as a second primary cancer susceptibility. Method: 104 patients with SPLC, 98 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 6 small cell lung cancer (SCLC), were investigated. 201 unrelated first primary lung cancer patients, 174 NSCLC and 27 SCLC, were taken as control subjects. TNF-α-308 and TNF-α-238 polymorphisms were investigated in both test group. Results: 70 patients were male and 34 were female. The average age of control group patients was 59.4 years, and SPLC was 68.3 years. Disease free interval (DFI) between first tumor and SPLC was 9.2 years in average. In this, the difference between males and females was significant (6.7 versus 13.5 years ; p
- Published
- 2012
16. Upala pluća u bolesnika s influencom A H1N1
- Author
-
Flego, Veljko, Matanić Lender, Dubravka, Barković, Igor, Kurpis, Marina, Milevoj-Ribić, Flavija, Bulat-Kardum, Ljiljana., and Hrvatski liječnički zbor, Hrvatsko pulmološko društvo
- Subjects
influenca A H1N1 ,upala pluća ,potporna terapija - Abstract
Za vrijeme sezonske influence 2010/2011. godine na Zavodu za pulmologiju KBC Rijeka, od 06. siječnja do 24. veljače 2011. godine (ukupno 49 dana), liječeno je 16 bolesnika zbog upale pluća u kojih je utvrđena influenca A H1N1. Bilo je 10 muškaraca. Srednja dob bila je 59, 2 godine. Svi su imali vrućicu, glavobolju, zaduhu, opću slabost, kašalj, iskašljavanje. Poremećaj svijesti imalo je 9 bolesnika (56, 3%), a sporadično je bilo iskašljavanje krvi, proljev, upala grla, pleuralna bol i povraćanje. Pet bolesnika (31, 3%) imalo je pleuralni izljev, a u dvojice (12, 5%) je ustanovljen pneumomedijastinum, koji je spontano regredirao. Indeks tjelesne mase bio je 26, 9. Šestero (37, 5%) su bili pušači. Dva bolesnika (12, 5%) su bili u kontaktu s oboljelim, a samo jedan je bio cijepljen sezonskim trovalentim cjepivom 2010. Od poremećenih laboratorijskih nalaza izdvajamo: LDH 617 U/L, CRP 184, 9 mg/L, L od 2, 0 do 23, 5x109/L. Srednja vrijednost pO2 bila je 6, 8 kPa, a pCO2 5, 2 kPa. U 25, 0% bolesnika uz A H1N1 virus influence, izolirani su slijedeći mikroorganizmi: Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aerugonosa, ESBL Escherichia coli. U 7 bolesnika (43, 8%) provedeno je liječenje oseltamivirom 6 dana. Svi su liječeni antibioticima u razdoblju od 6 do 15 dana (moksifloksacin, ceftriakson, cefepim, klaritromicin). Kortikosteroide nije primao niti jedan bolesnik. Svi su imali potpornu terapiju kisikom, četiri bolesnika je liječeno neinvazivnom mehaničkom ventilacijom, a četiri je premiješteno u Jedinicu intenzivnog liječenja (JIL), zbog liječenja invazivnom mehaničkom ventilacijom. Hospitalizacija je trajala 9, 9 dana. Izliječeno je 13 bolesnika, jedna bolesnica je umrla naprasno, a dvojica su umrli u JIL-u.
- Published
- 2011
17. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease – multisistemic disease
- Author
-
Matanić, Dubravka, Flego, Veljko, Barković, Igor, Zeba, Ivica, Kupanovac, Željko, and Bulat-Kardum, Ljiljana.
- Subjects
inflammation ,kronična opstruktivna bolest pluća ,sistemska bolest ,upala ,systemic disease ,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - Abstract
Kronična opstruktivna plućna bolest (KOPB) složena je bolest, obilježena opstrukcijom u dišnim putevima uzrokovanom promjenama u dišnim putevima i plućnom parenhimu. Posljedica je dugotrajne inhalacije toksičnih čestica i plinova koji pokreću lokalnu i sistemsku upalu. Morfološke i ireverzibilne funkcionalne promjene posljedica su upale na razini dišnih puteva, plućnog parenhima i krvnih žila. Upalne se promjene mogu dokazati i u sistemskoj cirkulaciji. Sistemne upalne promjene značajno pridonose patofiziologiji brojnih izvanplućnih, sistemskih posljedica KOPB-a. Shvaćanje KOPB-a kao multisustavne bolesti pridonijelo je boljem razumijevanju i novom kliničkom pristupu ovoj kroničnoj bolesti., Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease of the lungs characterized by chronic airflow obstruction, secondary to the presence of specific structural abnormalities of the airways and the pulmonary parenchima. The etiology of the airway obstruction and emphysematous destruction that cause airway limitation is the persistent lung tissue injury produced by the chronic inhalation of toxic particles and gases. These structural abnormalities are associated with an inflammatory reaction of airways, alveoli and pulmonary vessels. This abnormal inflammatory reaction can also be detected in the systemic circulation. The systemic inflammation contributes significantly to the pathobiology of numerous extrapulmonary effects of the disease, systemic effects of COPD. The interplay between the intrapulmonary and extrapulmonary effects of COPD has important clinical outcomes.
- Published
- 2009
18. Kronična opstruktivna bolest pluća- multisistemska bolest
- Author
-
Matanić, Dubravka, Flego, Veljko, Barković, Igor, Zeba, Ivica, Kupanovac, Željko, and Bulat-Kardum, Ljiljana
- Subjects
kronična opstruktivna bolest pluća ,sistemna bolest ,upala - Abstract
KOPB je bolest , obilježena opstrukcijom u dišnim putovima uzrokovanom promjenama u dišnim putovima i plućnom parenhimu. Posljedica je dugotrajne inhalacije štetnih čestica i plinova koji pokreću lokalnu i sistemsku upalu. Sistemne upalne promjene značajno doprinose patofiziologiji brojnih izvanplućnih sistemnih posljedica KOPBa. Shvaćanje KOPBa kao multisustavne bolesti pridonjelo je boljem razumjevanju i novom kliničkom pristupu ovoj kroničnoj bolesti.
- Published
- 2009
19. Liječenje akutne respiracijske insuficijencije NCPAP-om naša iskustva
- Author
-
Barković, Igor, Matanić Lender, Dubravka, Flego, Veljko, Kurpis, Marina, Bulat-Kardum, Ljiljana., and Hrvatski liječnički zbor, Hrvatsko pulmološko društvo
- Subjects
NCPAP ,akutna respiracijska insuficijencija - Abstract
Uvod: NCPAP (non-invasive continuous positive airway pressure) je mehanička ventilacijska potpora koja se koristi "Helmetom" ili maskom kojim se isporučuje pozitivni tlak kroz cijeli respiracijski ciklus. Po definiciji NPPV isključuje svaki oblik respiracijske potpore koji u svom modusu zaobilazi gornje dišne puteve kao što su endotrahealna intubacija, laringealna maska ili traheostomija. Cilj: Prikazati naša iskustva u liječenju NCPAP-om bolesnika s akutnom respiracijskom insuficijencijom kroz 2008. i 2009. godinu. Materijali i metode: Na našem Zavodu za pulmologiju tretirali smo jedanaest bolesnika s akutnom respiracijskom insuficijencijom uz pomoć NCPAP-a tijekom 2008. i 2009. godine. Uzrok respiratorne insuficijencije bio je upala pluća kod šest bolesnika, srčana dekompenzacija kod dva bolesnika, karcinom pluća kod dva bolesnika i sarkoidoza pogoršana respiratornim infektom kod jednog bolesnika. Indikacija za započinjanje liječenja NCPAP-om je bila RR>30, SO2< od 90% i pO2
- Published
- 2009
20. Naša prva iskustva s Helmet NCPAP ventilacijskom potporom
- Author
-
Barković, Igor, Matanić Lender, Dubravka, Flego, Veljko, Kurpis, Marina, Bulat-Kardum, Ljiljana., and Hrvatski liječnički zbor, Hrvatsko pulmološko društvo
- Subjects
NCPAP ,respiracijska insuficijencija - Abstract
NCPAP (noninvasive continuous positive airway pressure ventilation) je mehanička ventilacijska potpora koja se koristi "Helmetom" ili sličnim pomagalom kojim se isporučuje pozitivni tlak kroz cijeli respiracijski ciklus. Po definiciji NCPAP isključuje svaki oblik respiracijske potpore koji u svom modusu zaobilazi gornje dišne puteve, kao što su endotrahealna intubacija, laringealna maska ili traheostomija. Na našem Zavodu tretirali smo 13 bolesnika s Helmet NPPV tijekom 2008. Svi bolesnici bili su po ranijim kriterijima našeg Zavoda za invazivnu strojnu ventilacijsku potporu (pO2, pCO2, pH, tahipneja, zamor respiracijske muskulature). Osam bolesnika je uspješno tretirano Helmet NCPAP, otpušteni su kući bez potrebe za OT intubacijom i strojnom ventilacijskom potporom. Kod tri bolesnika prekine se terapija od čega kod dva radi izostanka poboljšanja respiracijske funkcije, a kod jednog radi intolerancije naprave. Kod dva bolesnika je nakon inicijalnog poboljšanja i kratkotrajnog prekida tretmana došlo do ponovnog pogoršanja i potrebe za strojnom ventilacijom. Kod uspješno tretiranih radilo se o tri bolesnika s pogoršanjem KOPB-a, dva bolesnika s upalom pluća i akutnom respiracijskom insuficijencijom, jednim bolesnikom s empijemom pleure i dva bolesnika s difuznom plućnom fibrozom pogoršanom respiratornim infektom. Kod bolesnika kod kojih se prekine tretman radilo se o KOPB-u u pogoršanju i kroničnoj globalnoj respiracijskoj insuficijenciji te upali pluća. Zaključak: Helmet NCPAP može smanjiti potrebu za OT intubacijom i strojnom ventilacijskom potporom kod plućnih bolesnika s akutnom i pogoršanom kroničnom respiracijskom insuficijencijom, a time smanjiti komplikacije kao što su infekcije, sedacija, barotrauma te smanjiti troškove intenzivnog liječenja.
- Published
- 2008
21. PERIOPERATIVE ANALGESIA WITH DICLOFENAK IN RECONSTRUCTIVE ACL SURGERY IN ATHLETES
- Author
-
Barković, Marina, Barković, Igor, Šestan, Branko, Baričić, Mirjana, and Šakić, Kata
- Subjects
koljeno ,preemptive ,BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Kliničke medicinske znanosti. Ortopedija ,anesthesia and analgesia ,anestezija i analgezija ,perioperacijska ,knee ,BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Clinical Medical Sciences. Orthopedics ,perioperative ,preemptivna - Abstract
SAŽETAK Cilj istraživanja: Nesteroidni protuupalni analgetici osnova su multimodalne analgezije i mogu značajno uštedjeti potrošnju opijata pri liječenju jakih poslijeoperacijskih bolova. Preemptivni analgetski učinak redovitom perioperacijskom primjenom diklofenaka nije ispitivan u velikim ortopedskim zahvatima. Ovaj je rad dizajniran da bi se odredilo hoće li preemptivna primjena diklofenaka prijeoperacijski i u 48 poslijeoperacijskih sati unaprijediti postojeći multimodalni program: smanjiti bolove i/ili smanjiti potrošnju opijatnog analgetika fentanila. Ispitanici i metode: Ispitivanje je provedeno u razdoblju od dvije godine na 80 pacijenata koji su se podvrgavali elektivnim rekonstrukcijskim zahvatima na prednjemu križnom ligamentu koljena. Pacijenti su bili podijeljeni u dvije skupnine: jedni su preemptivno večer prije zahvata i u 48 poslijeoperacijskih sati dobivali 150 mg peroralnog diklofenaka, a drugi placebo. Svi su pacijenti poslijeoperacijski primali kombiniranu intraartikularnu analgeziju, kontinuiranu 24-satnu infuziju tramadola 200 mg i metamizola 2500 g te intravenski fentanil, prema potrebi. Četiri puta u 48 sati mjerile su se vizualno- analogne skale bolova u mirovanju i tijekom vježbi te 24-satna potrošnja opijata. Rezultati: Ispitanici u preemptivnoj diklofenak skupini pokazali su statistički značajno manju prosječnu potrošnju opijatnog analgetika fentanila te značajno manji intenzitet bolova u mirovanju i tijekom vježbi u odnosu na kontrolnu skupinu (p, SUMMARY Objectives: Nonsteroidal antiinflammmatory drugs are recommended for the multimodal analgetic management of postoperative pain and may have significant opioid-sparing effect after major surgery. Preemptive analgesic efficacy of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug diclofenac have not been evaluated after major orthopedic surgery. This study was designed to determine whether the administration of a preemptive doses of diclofenac to patients who have undergone anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction would enhance analgesia, and/or decrease consumption of opioid analgetic fentanyl. Patients and methods: We evaluated 80 patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. The patients were divided into two groups: ones preemptively, the night before and for 48 hr after operation, received oral diclofenac and others placebo. All patients postoperatively received combined intraarticular analgesia, continious 24-hr intravenous infusion of 200 mg tramadolum and 2,5 g metamisolum and intravenous fentanyl as needed. The outcome measures included visual-analog pain scores at rest and movements preoperatively and four times during 48 hours and the total dose of fentanyl during 24 horus. Results: The total dose of fentanyl were significantly less in the diclofenac group, and pain scores were significantly less in the diclofenac group at rest and movements than in the control group (p
- Published
- 2007
22. Ronilački odgovor tijela u ronjenju u apnei
- Author
-
Barković, Igor, Miletić-Barković, Marina, Reinić, Boris, Barković, Danica, Petri, Nadan M., Andrić, Dejan, and Ropac, Darko
- Subjects
diving reflex ,apneic diving ,BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Javno zdravstvo i zdravstvena zaštita. Medicina rada i športa ,ronjenje u apnei ,ronilački odgovor ,ronilački refleks ,BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Public Health and Health Care. Occupational and Sports Medicine ,breath-hold diving response - Abstract
Rekreativno ronjenje je sve popularniji sport, iako je sposobnost čovjeka da boravi na i pod vodom značajno fiziološki limitiran. Razumijevanje tih ograničenja povećava sigurnost i užitak sportskog ronjenja.
- Published
- 1998
23. Vaccination provides superior in vivorecall capacity of SARS-CoV-2-specific memory CD8 T cells
- Author
-
Kavazović, Inga, Dimitropoulos, Christoforos, Gašparini, Dora, Rončević Filipović, Mari, Barković, Igor, Koster, Jan, Lemmermann, Niels A., Babić, Marina, Cekinović Grbeša, Đurđica, and Wensveen, Felix M.
- Abstract
Memory CD8 T cells play an important role in the protection against breakthrough infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Whether the route of antigen exposure impacts these cells at a functional level is incompletely characterized. Here, we compare the memory CD8 T cell response against a common SARS-CoV-2 epitope after vaccination, infection, or both. CD8 T cells demonstrate comparable functional capacity when restimulated directly ex vivo, independent of the antigenic history. However, analysis of T cell receptor usage shows that vaccination results in a narrower scope than infection alone or in combination with vaccination. Importantly, in an in vivorecall model, memory CD8 T cells from infected individuals show equal proliferation but secrete less tumor necrosis factor (TNF) compared with those from vaccinated people. This difference is negated when infected individuals have also been vaccinated. Our findings shed more light on the differences in susceptibility to re-infection after different routes of SARS-CoV-2 antigen exposure.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Specifičnosti strojne ventilacije u bolesnika s akutnim respiratornim distres sindromom
- Author
-
Hrastić, Vedran, Sotošek Tokmadžić, Vlatka, Protić, Alen, Tarčuković, Janja, and Barković, Igor
- Subjects
Berlin definition ,oxygenation ,acute respiratory distress syndrome ,mechanical ventilation - Abstract
Akutni respiracijski distres sindrom je bolest koju karakterizira hipoksično zatajenje disanja, uz difuzno zahvaćanje oba plućna krila. Događaj koji mu prethodi, kao što su sepsa i upala pluća, pokreću patofiziološki proces koji uzrokuje edem pluća poremećajem kapilarnog endotela i plućnog epitela. Dolazi do poremećaja izmjene plinova, smanjene popustljivosti pluća i povećana tlaka u plućnim arterijama. To dovodi do teške hipoksemije koja se očituje progresivnom dispnejom, cijanozom, tahikardijom i tahipnejom. Na grudnom radiogramu vide se obostrana, difuzna i nepravilna zasjenjenja. Postavljanje dijagnoze ARDS-a nam olakšava Berlinska definicija, a prema stupnju hipoksije ARDS se dijeli na blagi, umjereni i teški. Liječenje bolesnika oboljelih od ARDS-a odvija se u jedinicama intenzivne medicine te je bazirano na potpornoj terapiji i primjenom strojne ventilacije. Iako je strojna ventilacija kritična za preživljavanje bolesnika s ARDS-om, ona može biti i šteta i uzrokovati ozljedu pluća izazvanu ventilatorom. Stoga se za takve bolesnike primjenjuje zaštitna ventilacija pluća, poznata kao i ventilacija niskim respiracijskim volumenom. Kod takve vrste ventilacije koriste se niski respiracijski volumeni (4-8 mL/kg), a plato tlaka u zračnim putevima se održava ≤30 cm H2O. Ona nam omogućuje odgovarajuću oksigenaciju bolesnika uz sprečavanje barotaraume izazvane ventilatorom te otvara zračne puteve i održava ih otvorenim uz pomoć pozitivnog tlaka na kraju izdisaja. Iako većina bolesnika pokazuje zadovoljavajući odgovor na ovakvu vrstu ventilacije, manji udio je i dalje ostaje hipoksičan te takve bolesnike nazivamo refraktornima. Refraktorni bolesnici imaju visoku stopu mortaliteta te zahtijevaju dodatne pomoćne mjere, koje uključuju strojnu ventilaciju potrbuške, ventilaciju otvorenih pluća, rekruitment pluća uz korištenje visokog PEEP-a, farmakoterapija i izvantjelesnu membransku oksigenaciju. Od navedenih, najveću učinkovitost je pokazala ventilacija u položaju bolesnika potrbuške, dok je izvantjelesna membranska oksigenacija spašavajuća terapija za poboljšanje terapije. Dok ove mjere pružaju dobre rezultate u vidu smanjenja stope smrtnosti, i dalje se traga za etiološkim liječenjem ARDS-a, kao i pravovremeno prepoznavanje i sprječavanje., Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a disease characterized by hypoxic respiratory failure, with diffuse involvement of both lungs. The preceding event, such as sepsis and pneumonia, triggers a pathophysiological process that causes pulmonary edema by disrupting the capillary and pulmonary epithelium. This results in gas exchange abnormalities, reduced lung compliance, and increased pressure in the pulmonary arteries. This leads to severe hypoxemia, which manifests as progressive dyspnea, cyanosis, tachycardia, and tachypnea. On chest radiography, bilateral, diffuse, and irregular opacities are seen. The Berlin definition facilitates the diagnosis of ARDS, and based on the degree of hypoxia, ARDS is classified as mild, moderate, or severe. Treatment and care of ARDS patients are provided in intensive care units, and it is based on supportive therapy. The top priority is oxygen therapy, which is mostly administered via mechanical ventilation. Although mechanical ventilation is critical for the survival of ARDS patients, it can also be harmful and cause ventilator-induced lung injury. Therefore, protective lung ventilation, known as low tidal volume ventilation, is applied to such patients. This type of ventilation uses low tidal volumes (4-8 mL/kg), and the plateau pressure in the airways is maintained ≤ 30 cm H2O. It allows for adequate oxygenation of the patient while preventing barotrauma caused by the ventilator, opening the airways, and maintaining them open with positive end-expiratory pressure. Although most patients respond satisfactorily to this type of ventilation, a smaller proportion remains hypoxic, and these patients are called refractory. Refractory patients have a high mortality rate and require additional supportive measures, including prone positioning, open lung ventilation, recruitment maneuvers, high PEEP utilization, pharmacotherapy, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Of these measures, prone positioning has shown the greatest efficacy, while extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is a life-saving therapy for improving outcomes. While these measures provide good results in terms of reducing the mortality rate, efforts are still ongoing to identify the etiological treatment of ARDS, as well as timely recognition and prevention of its development.
- Published
- 2023
25. ULTRAZVUČNA DIJAGNOSTIKA I ULOGA FAST PROTOKOLA U OBRADI BOLESNIKA U HITNOM BOLNIČKOM PRIJEMU
- Author
-
Lovrić, Sara, Sotošek Tokmadžić, Vlatka, Protić, Alen, Tarčuković, Janja, and Barković, Igor
- Subjects
free fluid ,ultrasound ,hematothorax ,pneumothorax ,FAST ,hemopericardium ,E-FAST ,hemoperitoneum - Abstract
Od vremena početne primjene u medicini 1950-ih godina do sada ultrazvuk postaje sve jednostavnija, učinkovitija i sve brža metoda dijagnostike koja daje slike u realnom vremenu te se može bez štetnosti ponavljati više puta. U mnogim akutnim stanjima dijagnostička je metoda prvog izbora te olakšava i usmjeruje daljnje medicinske postupke. FAST i E-FAST pregled namijenjeni su za brzo prepoznavanje krvarenja u abdomenu, toraksu i perikardu te za prepoznavanje pneumotoraksa kod bolesnika s traumom abdomena ili toraksa. Osim FAST pregleda, ultrazvuk u hitnom prijemu može se koristiti i za procjenu stanja srca i aorte, dubokih vena, dišnog sustava, organa probavnog i hepatobilijarnog sustava, urogenitalnog sustava te u asistiranju brojnih medicinskih postupaka., Since its initial use in medicine in the 1950s, ultrasound has become a simpler, more efficient, and a faster diagnostic method, providing real-time imaging that can be repeated multiple times without harm. In many acute conditions, it is the diagnostic method of choice, facilitating and guiding further medical interventions. The FAST and E-FAST examinations are designed for the rapid identification of bleeding in the abdomen, chest, and pericardium, as well as for the detection of pneumothorax in patients with abdominal or thoracic trauma. In addition to the FAST examination, ultrasound in the emergency department can be used to assess the condition of the heart and aorta, deep veins, respiratory system, digestive and hepatobiliary system, urogenital system, and assist in various medical procedures.
- Published
- 2023
26. Smjernice u liječenju septičnih bolesnika - što je novo?
- Author
-
Jović, Vedrana, Sotošek Tokmadžić, Vlatka, Šustić, Alan, Tarčuković, Janja, and Barković, Igor
- Subjects
lactate ,septic shock ,vitamin C ,antibiotics ,crystalloids ,steroids - Abstract
Sepsa je klinički sindrom i po život opasno stanje uzrokovano nereguliranim odgovorom domaćina na infekciju pri kojem imunološki sustav reagira pretjerano na neki infekcijski upalni podražaj i dovodi do sustavne upale i oštećenja tkiva i organa. Za postavljanje dijagnoze sepse trenutačno se preporuča upotreba SOFA skale koja objektivizira zatajivanje organa koje se javlja u septičnih bolesnika. 2021. godine izdane su nove smjernice za liječenje septičnih bolesnika. Najvažnije novosti u novim smjernicama su da se preporuča primjena antibiotika unutar jednog sata od postavljanja sumnje na septički šok, odnosno unutar prva tri sata od postavljanja sumnje na sepsu bez šoka. Zbog povezanosti razine laktata i smrtnog ishoda septičnih bolesnika, preporuča se upotreba koncentracije laktata kao i praćenje razine laktata tijekom njihovog zbrinjavanja. Pri hemodinamskoj procjeni preporuča se i upotreba vremena rekapilarizacije. Balansirani kristaloidi su prva linija tekućina za resuscitaciju septičnih bolesnika. Kao odgovor na resuscitaciju tekućinom preporuča se i upotreba dinamičkih markera. Ukoliko je potrebna primjena vazopresora preporuča se ne odgađati njihovu primjenu dok se ne otvori centralni venski put, već se preporuča primijeniti ih čim ranije periferno. Septični bolesnici koji su na vazopresorima dulje od 4 sata trebaju primiti steroide u terapiji. Vitamin C se u septičnih bolesnika prema smjernicama iz 2021.ne preporuča., Sepsis is a clinical syndrome and a life-threatening condition caused by an dysregulated host response to an infection in which the immune system overreacts to an infectious inflammatory stimulus and leads to systemic inflammation and tissue and organ damage. To establish the diagnosis of sepsis, the use of the SOFA scale, which objectiveizes the organ failure that occurs in septic patients, is currently recommended. In 2021, new guidelines for the treatment of septic patients were issued. The most important news in the new guidelines is that it is recommended to administer antibiotics within one hour of suspecting septic shock, or within the first three hours of suspecting sepsis without shock. Due to the connection between the lactate level and the fatal outcome of septic patients, it is recommended to use the lactate concentration as well as to monitor the lactate level during their treatment. The use of recapillarization time is also recommended for hemodynamic assessment. Balanced crystalloids are the first line of fluids for resuscitation of septic patients. In response to fluid resuscitation, the use of dynamic markers is also recommended. If it is necessary to use vasopressors, it is recommended not to delay their use until the central venous route is opened, but rather to apply them peripherally as soon as possible. Septic patients who are on vasopressors for longer than 4 hours should receive steroids in therapy. According to the 2021 guidelines, vitamin C is not recommended in septic patients.
- Published
- 2023
27. Učestalost uobičajene intersticijske pneumonije verificirane kompjuteriziranom tomografijom: rad s istraživanjem
- Author
-
Vlahović, Marta, Bulat-Kardum, Ljiljana, Barković, Igor, Banac, Srđan, and Karić, Maja
- Subjects
interstitial lung disease ,high-resolution computed tomography ,UIP pattern ,idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis - Abstract
Intersticijske bolesti pluća (IBP) pojam je koji obuhvaća raznolik raspon plućnih stanja koja prvenstveno zahvaćaju plućni intesticij. Intersticijske bolesti pluća treba uzeti u obzir kod svake osobe koja dolazi s otežanim disanjem ili kašljem uz abnormalnu radiološku sliku prsnog koša. Zahvaljujući tankim presjecima, kompjuterizirana tomografija visoke rezolucije (HRCT) grudnog koša najbolja je metoda pravoremenog otkrivanja bolesti jer pruža uvid u čitav plućni parenhim. Ukoliko je dijagnoza nejasna, potrebno je učiniti biopsiju pluća. Na samom putu do postavljanja dijagnoze najčešće sudjeluje multidisciplinarni tim kojeg čine liječnici različitih specijalnosti, koji ujedno odlučuje o potrebi terapije ovisno o stanju pacijenta. Cilj našeg istraživanja bio je odrediti učestalost uobičajene intersticijske pneumonije tj. UIP uzorka verificiranog HRCT-om toraksa u bolesnika sa sumnjom na intersticijsku bolest pluća, odrediti udio bolesnika sa UIP uzorkom kojima je postavljena dijagnoza idiopatske plućne fibroze (IPF) te odrediti je li idiopatska plućna fibroza češća kod muškaraca ili kod žena. Ovim retrospektivnim istaživanjem obuhvatili smo 97 ispitanika oba spola i različite dobi koji su bili podvrgnuti HRCT-u toraksa zbog sumnje na intersticijsku bolest pluća u razdoblju od siječnja 2020. do siječnja 2022. godine. Od ukupnog broja ispitanika, izdvojeni su oni u kojih je verificiran UIP uzorak, od toga 45 (74%) muškaraca i 16 (26%) žena. Kod istih je također analiziran pušački status. Podaci su izvađeni pretraživanjem podataka iz IBIS-a. Analiza dobivenih rezultata pokazala je da je 61 ispitanik imao HRCT-om verificiran UIP uzorak, većina su bili muškaraci (74%) nego žene (26%). Najstariji ispitanik imao je 90 godina, dok je najmlađi imao 48 godina. Analizom u kojoj su ispitanici podjeljeni u dobne skupine, UIP uzorak je najzastupljeniji u dobnoj skupini između 70. i 74. godine života, dok od obrađenih ispitanika, njih 33, gotovo 25 (76%) ima postavljenu dijagnozu idiopatske plućne fibroze. U odnosu na spol, idiopatska plućna fibroza je dijagnosticirana kod 19 (76%) ispitanika muškog spola i 6 (24%) ženskog spola. Zaključili smo da je UIP uzorak verificiran HRCT-om toraksa najčešći uzorak dijagnosticiran kod više od polovice ispitanika sa sumnjom na intersticijsku bolest pluća. Najčešće postavljena dijagnoza kod pacijenata s verificiranim UIP uzorkom je idiopatska plućna fibroza te je ujedno i zastupljenija kod muškaraca nego kod žena., Interstitial lung disease is a term that encompasses a diverse range of lung conditions that primarily affect the lung viscera. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) should be considered in any person who has symptoms such as the shortness of breath or cough with an abnormal chest radiograph. Thanks to the thin slices, HRCT is the best method for early detection of this disease because it provides insight into the entire lung parenchyma. If the diagnosis is unclear, a lung biopsy should be performed. While coming to the diagnosis, a multidisciplinary team consisting of doctors with different specialties, which at the same time decides on the need for therapy depending on the patient's condition. Research objectives of our study were to determine the frequency of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern verified by chest HRCT in patients with suspected interstitial lung disease, to determine the proportion of patients with UIP pattern who were diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and to determine whether ILD is more common in men or women. The study included 97 subjects of both sexes and different ages who underwent thorax HRCT due to suspicion of interstitial lung disease in the period from January 2020 to January 2022. From the total number of subjects, those in which the UIP sample was verified were singled out, of which 45 (74%) were men and 16 (26%) were women. Their smoking status was also analyzed. Data was collected by searching data extracted from IBIS system. UIP pattern was verified in 61 subjects, more often in men (74%) than in women (26%). The oldest subject was 90 years old, while the youngest was 48 years old. The analysis in which the respondents were divided into age groups showed that the UIP sample is most represented in the age group between 70 and 74 years of age. Out of the total number of processed subjects, 33 of them, 25 (76%) have been diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Also, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) was diagnosed in 19 (76%) male subjects and 6 (24%) female subjects. In accordance with the obtained results, we have concluded that UIP pattern, verified by HRCT of the chest, is the most common pattern, diagnosed in more than half of subjects with suspected interstitial lung disease. The most common diagnosis in patients with a verified UIP pattern is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, which is also more prevalent in men than in women.
- Published
- 2023
28. UČESTALOST RADIOLOŠKIH ABNORMALNOSTI U AMBULANTNO LIJEČENIH BOLESNIKA SA POST-COVID SINDROMOM: istraživački rad
- Author
-
Tomašković, Petra, Bulat-Kardum, Ljiljana, Barković, Igor, Tkalčić, Lovro, and Miletić, Bojan
- Subjects
interstitial lung disease ,post-COVID ,pneumothorax ,COVID-19 ,pulmonary thromboembolism - Abstract
COVID-19 pandemija izbila je u prosincu 2019 godine na području kineske pokrajine Wuhan sa manifestacijom neobjašnjive upale pluća. Globalno, do 12. travnja 2023. godine bilo je 762,791,152 potvrđenih slučajeva COVID-19, uključujući 6,897,025 smrti, prema podacima Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije. Kasnije utvrđena posljedica koja zaostaje u dijela pacijenata sa COVID-19 je post-COVID sindrom (PCS). Post -COVID sindrom povezuje se sa težom kliničke slike akutnog COVID-19. Starija životna dob, muški spol i postojeći komorbiditeti povezuju se sa nastankom post-COVID sindroma. Zlatni standard za postavljanje dijagnoze post-COVID sindroma je kompjutorizirana tomografija (CT ) prsnog koša iako se RTG snimka grudnih organa preporuča i obavlja prije CT-a. Najčešće radiološke abnormalnosti koje se navode u literaturi su zasjenjenja zrnatog stakla ( eng. ground glass opacity ( GGO)), linearna trakasta zasjenjenja i bronhiektazije i/ili fibrotične promjene prolongirana pneumonija, dok su najčešće post-COVID manifestacije respiratornog sustava organizirana pneumonija (OP), post-COVID intersticijska plućna bolest (eng. post-COVID interstitial lung disease (PC- ILD) kao i plućna tromboembolija (PTE) i pneumotoraks koji se dovode u korelaciju sa post-COVID sindromom i ovise o težini kliničke slike COVID-19. Iako točni mehanizmi PTE i pneumotoraska u COVID-19 nisu u potpunosti objašnjeni, zamijećeno je da je značajan broj pacijenata sa post-COVID sindromom prethodno imao težu akutnu fazu bolesti i razvili su komplikacije. Našim istraživanjem potvrdili smo da je učestalost starije životne dobi jedan od glavnih prediktora za razvitak post-COVID sindroma te pridruženih radioloških abnormalnosti što se slaže sa postojećim podacima iz literature. Uspjeli smo i dokazati najčešću prisutnost linearnih trakastih zasjenjenja kod čak 48% ispitanika kao radiološke abnormalnosti verificirane CT-om što je u skladu sa navodima iz literature. Najčešća komplikacija bila je PC-ILD, PTE je uočena kod 22% ispitanika te se smatra rjeđom komplikacijom. Pneumotoraks je rijetka komplikacija koja se dovodi u vezu sa post-COVID sindromom te se javlja u svega 1-2% slučajeva. Obrazovanje zdravstvenih radnika i razumijevanje simptoma i kliničke slike post-COVID sindroma od iznimne je važnosti u borbi protiv ove nove bolesti., The COVID-19 pandemic broke out in December 2019 in the Chinese province of Wuhan with the manifestation of unexplained pneumonia. Globally, 12th of April 2023, there have been 762,791,152 confirmed cases of COVID-19, including 6,897,025 deaths, reported to WHO. A later established consequence that lags behind in some patients with COVID-19 is the post-COVID syndrome (PCS). Post-COVID syndrome is a associated with the severity of the clinical picture of acute COVID-19. Older age, male gender and existing comorbidities are associated with the onset of post-COVID syndrome. The gold standard for the diagnosis of post-COVID syndrome is chest computed tomography (CT), although a chest X-ray is recommended and performed as a pre-emptive CT scan. The most common radiological abnormalities reported in the literature are residual pneumonia, organizing pneumonia (OP), post-DOVID intersticial lung disease (PC-ILD), ground glass opacity (GGO), linear banded opacities, and bronchiectasis and/or fibrotic changes. The diagnoses of pulmonary embolism (PTE) and pneumothorax are correlated with the post-COVID syndrome and the severity of the clinical picture of COVID-19. Although the exact mechanisms and the association of COVID-19 with PTE and pneumothorax have not been established, significant increases in the number of patients with these diagnoses have been observed, who previously had a more severe clinical picture of COVID-19 or developed post-COVID syndrome. Through our research, we have confirmed that the frequency of older age is one of the main predictors for the development of post-COVID syndrome and associated radiological abnormalities, which agrees with the existing literature. We were also able to prove the most frequent presence of linear band shadows in as many as 48% of subjects as a radiological abnormality verified by CT, which also agrees with the statements from the existing literature. PTE as a complication of COVID-19 was observed in 22% of respondents and is considered a rare complication. Pneumothorax is a very rare but often fatal complication of complications associated with post-COVID syndrome and occurs in only 1-2% of cases. Education of healthcare workers and understanding of the symptoms and clinical picture of post-COVID syndrome is extremely important in the fight against this new, unexplored disease.
- Published
- 2023
29. The importance of computed tomography in the identification of bronchiectasis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: research
- Author
-
Magić, Roberta Gabrijela, Bulat-Kardum, Ljiljana, Barković, Igor, Banac, Srđan, and Flego, Veljko
- Subjects
bronchiectasis ,phenotype ,computed tomography of the thorax ,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - Abstract
Preklapanje KOPB-a i bronhiektazija vrlo su raširene u općoj populaciji. Zahvaljujući HRCT-u, povećana je svijesti o prevalenciji bronhiektazija i njihovom učinku na KOPB. Unatoč tome bronhiektazije u KOPB-u su i dalje često neprepoznate i nedijagnosticirane iako utječu na tijek i ishode KOPB-a u smislu ubrzane progresije bolesti. Iz toga proizlazi potreba za učestalijim provođenjem HRCT dijagnostike toraksa u bolesnika s KOPB-om u cilju njihova ranog otkrivanja. Cilj ovog istraživanja je utvrditi prevalenciju i utjecaj bronhiektazija za pacijente s KOPB-om zbrinutih u KBC-u Rijeka. Ispitanici su bolesnici oboljeli od KOPB-a zaprimljeni u KBC-a Rijeka od siječnja 2020. do prosinca 2021.godine. Popis pacijenta dobiven je iz IBIS-a, upisivanjem šifre dijagnoza za KOPB prema MKB-10: J44.1, J44.9 i J43. U istraživanje su uključeni oboljeli od KOPB-a s već prethodno postavljenom dijagnozom, u dobi od ≥40 godina, kod kojih je u sklopu obrade učinjen CT toraksa. Dobiven je popis od 130 pacijenata koji su podijeljeni u dvije grupe: grupa ispitanika s KOPB-om i na CT-u toraksa verificiranim bronhiektazijama i grupa ispitanika s KOPB-om bez bronhiektazija. Dob, spol, pušački status i broj egzacerbacija uspoređeni su između tih dviju grupa. Ovim retrogradnim istraživanjem dokazana je prevalencija bronhiektazija u KOPB-u od 12,31%. U obje ispitivane grupe dokazano je da češće obolijevaju muškarci i oni starije životne dobi. Jedini parametar koji se razlikuje između ispitivanih grupa je broj egzacerbacija, gdje je broj egzacerbacija značajnije veći u grupi oboljelih od KOPB-a s bronhiektazijama, u usporedbi s onom grupom bez bronhiektazija. Zaključno, prevalencija bronhiektazija u oboljelih od KOPB-a rasla je kroz godine i dalje će rasti. Razlog tome je izloženost čimbenicima koji pogoduju njihovom razvoju. Stariji muškarci, prema statistici, rizična su skupina za razvoj fenotipa KOPB-a s udruženim bronhiektazijama odnosno preklapanja KOPB-a i bronhiektazija. Točnije, ovim istraživanjem je dokazano da je prisutnost bronhiektazija pokazatelj ozbiljnosti KOPB-a. Stoga je HRCT neizbježan korak i zlatni standard u ranom otkrivanju i procjeni udruženosti bronhiektazija s KOPB-om., The overlap of COPD and bronchiectasis is very common in the general population. Thanks to HRCT, awareness of the prevalence of bronchiectasis and its effect on COPD has increased. Nevertheless, bronchiectasis in COPD is still often unrecognized and undiagnosed. Bronchiectasis affects the course and outcomes of COPD in terms of rapid progression of the disease, resulting in the need for more frequent implementation of HRCT diagnosis of the thorax to detect them early. This study aims to determine the prevalence and impact of bronchiectasis on patients with COPD in KBC Rijeka. The participants were the patients with COPD who were admitted to KBC Rijeka from January 2020 to December 2021. The patient list was obtained from IBIS, by entering the diagnosis code for COPD according to ICD-10: J44.1, J44.9, and J43. The study included COPD patients with a prior diagnosis, aged ≥40 years, who had a CT of the thorax done as part of the treatment. A list of 130 patients was obtained after which the patients were divided into two groups: a group of subjects with COPD with a thorax CT scan verified bronchiectasis and a group of subjects with COPD without bronchiectasis. Age, gender, smoking status, and the number of exacerbations were compared between these two groups. This retrograde study demonstrated that prevalence of bronchiectasis in COPD was 12,31%. In both groups examined, it was shown that males and those of older age are more likely to get sick. The only parameter that differs between the examined groups is the number of exacerbations, where the number of exacerbations is significantly higher in the group of COPD patients with bronchiectasis, compared to the group without bronchiectasis. In conclusion, the prevalence of bronchiectasis in COPD patients has grown over the years and will continue to grow. The reason for this is exposure to factors conducive to their development. Older men, according to statistics, are a risk group for the development of the COPD phenotype with associated bronchiectasis, the overlap of COPD and bronchiectasis. More precisely, this research proved that the presence of bronchiectasis is an indicator of the severity of COPD. Therefore, HRCT is an inevitable step and the gold standard in the early detection and assessment of the association of bronchiectasis with COPD
- Published
- 2022
30. ANALIZA LIJEČENJA SARS-COV-2 POZITIVNIH BOLESNIKA U KLINIČKOM BOLNIČKOM CENTRU RIJEKA U DVOGODIŠNJEM RAZDOBLJU : Diplomski rad
- Author
-
Žauhar, Petar, Sotošek Tokmadžić, Vlatka, Šustić, Alan, Protić, Alen, and Barković, Igor
- Subjects
SARS-CoV-2 ,epidemiologija ,COVID-19 ,respirator ,komorbiditeti ,BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Clinical Medical Sciences. Infectology ,comorbidities ,intenzivno liječenje ,mortality ,BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Clinical Medical Sciences. Intensive Care ,ICU ,BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Kliničke medicinske znanosti. Intenzivna medicina ,epidemiology ,BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Kliničke medicinske znanosti. Infektologija ,mortalitet - Abstract
U ovoj retrospektivnoj kohortnoj studiji analizirani su podaci 910 bolesnika oboljelih od COVID-19 i primljenih u Respiracijski centar KBC-a Rijeka u razdoblju od 28. ožujka 2020. do 28. ožujka 2022. Podatci su dobiveni uvidom u podatke bolesnika pomoću integriranog bolničkog informacijskog sustava (IBIS) te knjiga protokola CRC-a. Sakupljeni podatci obrađeni su korištenjem programa STATISTICA 14.0.0.15 (StatSoft, Inc., Tulsa, OK, SAD) i Excel 2019 (MSFT, Redmond, WA, Sjedinjene Američke Države). Rad je analizirao osnovne podatke poput spola i dobi, trajanje boravka na odjelu u danima, trajanje primjene strojne ventilacije, neinvazivne ventilacije te „high-flow“ nosne kanile u satima, ishod liječenja bolesnika, komorbiditeti bolesnika prije hospitalizacije na CRC-u. Analiza je pokazala da je većina bolesnika bila je u dobnoj skupini od 60 do 70 godina. Omjer muškaraca i žena bio je 2 : 1. Od svih bolesnika više od 60% imalo je neki od komorbiditeta. Šećerna bolest, kronične bolesti dišnog sustava, hipertenzija, kardiovaskularne bolesti, kronična bolest bubrega i karcinom bili su najčešći komorbiditeti. Rezultati ove studije pokazali su da su muški spol, starija dob, kronična bubrežna bolest, kardiovaskularni komorbiditeti, šećerna bolest i arterijska hipertenzija bili su značajno povezani sa smrtnošću među oboljelima na intenzivnom liječenju od COVID-19. Stoga je tijekom epidemije posebno važno obratiti pozornost na muške starije bolesnike sa šećernom bolešću, hipertenzijom, kardiovaskularnim bolestima i kroničnom bolesti bubrega., This retrospective cohort study analysed data from 910 hospitalisations of patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to the COVID19 Respiratory Centre (CRC) of KBC Rijeka in the period from March 28th, 2020 to March 28th, 2022. Data was obtained by reviewing patient data using the Integrated Hospital Information System (IBIS) and from written records of the CRC. The collected data was analysed using the programs STATISTICA 4.0.0.15 (StatSoft, Inc., Tulsa, OK, SAD) and Excel 2019 (MSFT, Redmond, WA, SAD). Examined patient characteristics included age, sex, the length of stay in days, the length of mechanical ventilation support, the outcome of the treatment, and underlying disease before the hospitalisation. The analysis has shown that most of the cases were in the group of 60 to 70 years of age. The male to female ratio was 2: 1. Out of all analysed patients, more than 60%, had at least one comorbidity. Diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and cancer were the most common comorbidities. Male gender, old age, and comorbidities were significantly associated with increased mortality. The results of this study, in fact, highlighted male gender, older age, diabetes, hypertension, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular comorbidities as significantly associated with the risk of death among COVID-19 patients in the intensive care. Therefore, during the epidemic it is especially important to pay attention to male elderly patients with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease.
- Published
- 2022
31. KORIŠTENJE JEDNOSTAVNIH NEINVAZIVNIH OBLIKA VENTILACIJE NA COVID ODJELIMA KLINIČKOG BOLNIČKOG CENTRA RIJEKA U SVRHU SMANJENJA POTREBE ZA INVAZIVNIJIM OBLICIMA MEHANIČKE VENTILACIJE U RESPIRACIJSKOM CENTRU
- Author
-
Jarić, Filip, Protić, Alen, Barković, Igor, Bubić, Ivan, and Sotošek Tokmadžić, Vlatka
- Subjects
BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Clinical Medical Sciences. Intensive Care ,SARS-CoV-2 ,CPAP ,COVID-19 ,BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Kliničke medicinske znanosti. Intenzivna medicina ,ARDS ,mehanička ventilacija ,mechanical ventilation - Abstract
Bolest COVID-19, uzrokovana SARS-CoV-2 virusom uzrokovala je veliki broj teških oboljenja, pneumonija, zatajenja disanja te ARDS-a. Zbog globalnog razmjera širenja bolesti, nastalo je veliko opterećenje na zdravstvene sustave te sve jedinice u kojima su se teže oboljeli pacijenti liječili. S ciljem rasterećivanja i oslobađanja kapaciteta unutar jedinica intenzivnog liječenja, organizirali su se neintenzivni odjeli, na kojima su se, između ostalog, pacijenti liječili neinvazivnom mehaničkom ventilacijom, što je, u takvim razmjerima, predstavljalo novo područje u sklopu kliničke prakse i znanstvenog dijela medicine. Cilj ove unicentrične retrospektivne studije bio je ispitati učinkovitost primjene neinvazivne mehaničke ventilacije na neintenzivnim odjelima te kako njena primjena utječe na broj i smrtnost pacijenata hospitaliziranih u jedinicama intenzivne njege. Uvođenje CPAP metode neinvazivne ventilacije na neintenzivne odjele, kao mogućnosti liječenja pacijenata sa hipoksijskim zatajenjem disanja smanjilo je opterećenje, prijem pacijenata te smrtnost pacijenata u CRC-u na razini Kliničkog bolničkog Centra Rijeka.Upotreba CPAP-a u okviru neintenzivnih odjela pokazala se kao kvalitetna metoda liječenja pacijenata s akutnim hipoksijskim zatajenjem disanja uslijed COVID-19 pneumonije, ako pri tome klinička slika pacijenta ne ukazuje na potrebu za hitnim invazivnijim oblicima mehaničke ventilacije., COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus has caused a significant number of severe illnesses, pneumonias, respiratory insufficiencies and ARDS. Due to its global impact, COVID-19 has caused a great overload on the health-care system. Non-intensive COVID wards were formed, aiming to free up the intensive care-units capacity and to allow the treatment of the most endangered patients. In non-intensive COVID wards patients were treated with, amongst other treatment options, non-invasive mechanical ventilation. Considering such a number of patients, the pandemic created new circumstances where patients were treates with non-invasive mechanical ventilation, both clinically and scientifically. The aim of this unicentric retrospective study was to determine the efficacy of non-ICU NIV-application, and how does it affect the ICU hospitalisaion-rate and mortality rate. Introduced to the non-intensive wards, CPAP method of non-invasive ventilation, as a method of treatment for patients with hypoxic respiratory failure, has decreased the overload the number of patients admitted, and the mortality of the patients admitted in the respiratory ward (CRC). CPAP has proved itself as a good method of treatment of acute hypoxic respiratory failure due to COVID-19 pneumonia in patients that are hospitalised in non-intensive wards, if the patient's clinical picture does not imply the need for a urgent invasive form of mechanical ventilation.
- Published
- 2022
32. Smrtnost dugotrajno ventiliranih bolesnika s COVID-19 upalom pluća u korelaciji sa sekundarnim bakterijskim infekcijama
- Author
-
Paparić, Ena, Protić, Alen, Bobinac, Mirna, Barković, Igor, Bubić, Ivan, and Sotošek Tokmadžić, Vlatka
- Subjects
BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Clinical Medical Sciences. Intensive Care ,secondary bacterial infection ,sekundarne bakterijske infekcije ,SARS-CoV-2 ,long term mechanically ventilated ,COVID-19 ,BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Kliničke medicinske znanosti. Intenzivna medicina ,BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Clinical Medical Sciences. Infectology ,BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Kliničke medicinske znanosti. Infektologija ,dugotrajna mehanička ventilacija - Abstract
Bolest uzrokovana SARS-CoV-2 prvi se puta spominje krajem prosinca 2019., kada se opisuju prvi slučajevi atipične pneumonije u Wuhanu, Kina. Klinička slika COVIDA-19 raznolika je i varira od asimptomatskih slučajeva preko akutnog respiratornog distres sindroma do višestrukog organskog zatajenja uz upala pluća kao jednu od glavnih značajki COVIDA-19. Bakterijski patogeni često su izolirani u pacijenata s virusnim infekcijama kao uzročnici sekundarnih bakterijski infekcija zbog toga jer imunosni odgovor na akutnu virusnu infekciju dovodi do promjena u strukturi i funkcioniranju mikrobioma respiratornog i gastrointestinalnog sustava što ima za posljedicu modulaciju imunosnog odgovora. Sekundarna bakterijska infekcija može se razviti odmah po infekciji SARS-CoV-2 virusom ili nastupiti u fazi oporavka. Analizirani su podaci prikupljeni od 99 pacijenata koji su bili hospitalizirani na Odjelu intenzivnog liječenja Klinike za anesteziologiju, intenzivnu medicinu i liječenje boli KBC-a Rijeka. Većina ispitanika bila je muškog spola, njih 71.7% što je u skladu s podacima u ostalim istraživanjima koja su se bavila ovim pitanjem. Prosječna dob iznosila je 66.7 godina pa je tako nešto viša od one u referentim istraživanjima gdje iznosi 59.7 – 64.8 godina. Većina pacijenata razvila je sekundarnu bakterijsku infekciju, njih 80.8%. Postotak pacijenata koji su razvili sekundarnu bakterijsku infekciju varira od 5.9% do 83.3 % u dostupnim istraživanjima, ovisno o težini kliničke slike kojom su se prezentirali ispitivani pacijenti, dok su ispitanici u našem istraživanju bolovali od najtežeg oblika COVIDA-19 i bili dugotrajno mehanički ventilirani. Nije pronađena statistički značajna razlika u razvoju sekundarne bakterijske infekcije u ovisnosti o spolu niti dobi. Nije pronađena statistički značajna razlika u razvoju sekundarne bakterijske infekcije u ovisnosti o ishemijskoj bolesti srca, arterijskoj hipertenziji i šećernoj bolesti. U našem istraživanju, nije utvrđena statistički značajna razlika u smrtnosti između pacijenata koji su razvili sekundarnu bakterijsku infekciju u odnosu na pacijente koji nisu razvili sekundarnu bakterijsku infekciju., The disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 was first mentioned in late December 2019, when the first cases of atypical pneumonia were described in Wuhan, China. The clinical presentation of COVID-19 varies from asymptomatic cases and acute respiratory distress syndrome to multiple organic failure. However, atypical pneumonia is one of the main features of COVID-19. Bacterial pathogens are often isolated in patients with viral infections as causes of secondary bacterial infections because the immune response to acute viral infection leads to changes in the structure and function of the respiratory and gastrointestinal microbiome resulting in modulation of the immune response. Secondary bacterial infection can develop immediately after SARS-CoV-2 infection or occur in the recovery phase. Analyzed data was collected from 99 patients who were hospitalized in the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Medicine and Pain Treatment Clinic of Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka majority of patients were male, 71.7% of them, which is in line with data from other studies that addressed this issue. The average age was 66.7 years, which is slightly higher than in the reference surveys (59.7 – 64.8 years). Most patients have developed a secondary bacterial infection, 80.8% of them. The percentage of patients who developed secondary bacterial infection ranged from 5.9% to 83.3% in the available studies, depending on the severity of the clinical presentation of the subjects. Data used in our study is only from patients with most severe form of COVID-19 treated in Intensive Care Unit and long term mechanically ventilated. No statistically significant difference was found in the development of secondary bacterial infection depending on gender or age. No statistically significant difference was found in the development of secondary bacterial infection depending on arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease or diabetes. In our study, no statistically significant difference in mortality was found between patients who developed secondary bacterial infection compared to those who didn’t developed secondary bacterial infection.
- Published
- 2022
33. Utjecaj kortikosteroidne trapije na post-Covdi intersticijsku upalu pluća
- Author
-
Hroh, Iva, Barković, Igor, Hauser, Goran, Bubić, Ivan, and Turk Wensveen, Tamara
- Subjects
BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Kliničke medicinske znanosti. Interna medicina ,post-Covid ,interstitial lung disease ,COVID-19 ,intersticijska bolest pluća ,kortikosteroidi ,BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Clinical Medical Sciences. Internal Medicine ,corticosteroids ,DLCO ,CT - Abstract
Primjena kortikosteroida u liječenju akutne ili post-Covid faze treba biti primjenjivana samo u slučajevima kada je to neophodno. Svojim djelovanjem zaustavljaju proupalne molekule koje dodatno oštećuju organe. Tanka je granica između liječenja i narušavanja prirodnog toka bolesti i cijeljenja. Nepotrebna primjena kortikosteroida može dovesti i do nepotrebnih nuspojava. Primjenom ovih lijekova u različitim fazama bolesti i oporavka od COVID-19 htjelo se smanjiti oštećenje na plućima i ubrzati proces cijeljenja. Sudionike ovog istraživanja smo promatrali u dvije zasebne podjele. Prva podjela se temeljila na primjeni kortikosteroida pacijentima u akutnoj fazi COVID-19, akutnoj i post-Covid fazi, post-Covid fazi i oni koje u opće nisu primali kortikosteroidnu terapiju. Druga podjela se temeljila na tome jesu li bili hospitalizirani - ne u jedinici intenzivne njege, hospitalizirani u jedinici intenzivne njege ili su liječeni izvan bolnice. Cilj ovog rada je bilo dokazati povezanost primjene kortikosteroidne terapije i mjestu gdje su preboljeli akutnu fazu COVID-19 s ishodima liječenja koji bi upućivali na intersticijsku bolest pluća. Na temelju ovog istraživanja uočeno je da najbolji ishodi liječenja budu kada se kortikosteroidna terapija u opće ne primjenjuje, a ako se već primjenjuju onda su najbolji rezultati u post-Covid periodu. Nadalje, osobe koje su liječene u izvanbolničkim uvjetima imaju brži oporavak, koji se mogao i očekivati jer im je zdravstveno stanje bili dovoljno dobro za vrijeme akutne COVID-19 bolesti da ne moraju biti hospitalizirani., The use of corticosteroids in the treatment of the acute or Post-Covid phase should be used only when necessary. By their action, they stop pro-inflammatory molecules that further damage organs. There is a fine line between healing and disrupting the natural course of disease and healing. Unnecessary use of corticosteroids can also lead to unnecessary side effects. The use of these drugs in different stages of illness and recovery from COVID-19 was intended to reduce lung damage and speed up the healing process. We observed the participants in this study in two separate divisions. The first division was based on the use of corticosteroids in patients in the acute phase of COVID-19, acute and post-Covid phase, post-Covid phase, and those who did not receive corticosteroid therapy in general. The second division was based on whether they were hospitalized – not in an intensive care unit, hospitalized in an intensive care unit, or treated outside the hospital. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the association between the use of corticosteroid therapy and where they have been through the acute phase of COVID-19 with treatment outcomes suggestive of interstitial lung disease. Based on this research, it was observed that the best treatment outcomes are when corticosteroid therapy is not used at all, and if they are already applied then the best results are in the post-Covid period. Furthermore, people treated in outpatient settings have a faster recovery, which could have been expected because their health was good enough during acute COVID-19 disease that they do not have to be hospitalized.
- Published
- 2022
34. Airway management during cardiopulmonary resuscitation and its complicationes
- Author
-
Vičević, Hana, Sotošek Tokmadžić, Vlatka, Šustić, Alan, Protić, Alen, and Barković, Igor
- Subjects
Intratracheal ,BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Kliničke medicinske znanosti. Anesteziologija i reanimatologija ,Upravljanje dišnim putem ,Endotrahealna intubacija ,BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Clinical Medical Sciences. Anesthesiology and Reanimatology ,Airway Management ,Kardiopulmonalna reanimacija ,Intubation ,Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation - Abstract
Osiguran te time prohodan dišni put od iznimne je važnosti za preživljenje bolesnika u bilo kojim situacijama koje ga narušavaju. Samim gubitkom svijesti i gubitkom tonusa oralne i faringealne muskulature dolazi do opstrukcije dišnog puta. Prije bilo kakvih intervencija prvi postupci za oslobađanje su jednostavni pokreti zabacivanja glave i podizanja donje čeljusti, iznimaka je kod sumnje na ozljedu vratne kralježnice kada se samo podiže donja čeljusta. Za potpunu prohodnost i bez straha od aspiracije idelano je endotrahelano intubirati bolesnika. No, to ovisi o uvježbanosti liječnika i uvijetima bolesnika. Dobra rješenja, kada nismo u mogućnosti intubirati bolesnika, su supraglotična pomagala koja se kao i endotrahelani tubus spoje na samošireći balon i vrlo uspješno osiguravanju ventilaciju i oksigenaciju. Od njih se najčešće u praksi koristi i- gel. Osim njega tu još spadaju laringealna maska i laringealni tubus, te kombinirani tubus, koji se nešto rjeđe koristi. Koju god metodu osiguravanja dišnog puta odabarali bitno je tijekom cijelog postupa reanimacije nadgledati učinkovitost pomagala i ventilacije. Treba biti spreman na komplikacije koje su na sreću rijetke. Uglavnom se susreću ozljede mekih tkiva prilikom postavljanja pomagala, bilo u nosnoj šupljini tijekom postavljanja nazofaringealnog tubusa, bilo prilikom endotrahelane intubacije. Kod nje je još relativno česta i ozljeda zuba tijekom direktne laringoskopije. Do sada nema jednoglasne odluke o upravljanju dišnim putem tijekom reanimacije i zato je bitno redovito se educirati o novim spoznajama u osiguravanju dišnog puta., A secure airway is an important step in the reanimation process of patients in cardiac arrest and other conditions that disrupt the proper oxygenation, ventilation and circulation. Loss of consciousness and hypotonia of the oropharyngeal musculature leads to the obstruction of airway. The initial release procedures are performed before any advanced intervention. Those procedures include simple movements of tilting the head back and lifting the jaw in all situations except when the cervical spine injury is suspected. In this case, the right move is immobilization of the head and neck with the lifting of the jaw. The next step is the use of advanced aids designed for securing the airway. The most efficient method is endotracheal intubation. However, using this method of airway management depends on the training of the doctor and the patient's condition. However, when the endotracheal intubation is impossible or unsuccessful, there are other useful and efficient aids called supraglottic aids. They can be connected to the self-expanding balloon the same way the endotracheal tube. These aids provide appropriate ventilation and oxygenation of the patient. I-gel is the most commonly used device due to it's simple use. Other devices that are used are laryngeal mask, laryngeal tube and combi tube. All these devices are purposeful but it is important to monitor the parameters of ventilation through the resuscitation procedure in order to ensure their proper use. As resuscitation is dramatic and complicated procedure, some complications may occur. The most common complications include soft tissue injuries followed by teeth injuries during direct laryngoscopy. Teeth injuries are still common and they occur in less experienced physicians. With the wide variety of airway aids available, there is no consensus as to which device should be used. This solely depends on the experience and skills of the doctor in charge of resuscitation process. It is quite important being educated on the latest airway management possibilities with the goal of being able to provide the best possible care for the patients during resuscitation and in post-resuscitation care
- Published
- 2022
35. Prevalencija fenotipova akutnog respiratornog distres sindroma uzrokovanih SARS-COV-2 virusom
- Author
-
Stević, Igor, Protić, Alen, Barković, Igor, Šustić, Alan, and Sotošek Tokmadžić, Vlatka
- Subjects
BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Kliničke medicinske znanosti. Anesteziologija i reanimatologija ,akutni respiracijski distres sindrom ,Covid-19 infekcija ,BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Clinical Medical Sciences. Anesthesiology and Reanimatology ,SARS-CoV-2 virus ,acute respiratory distress syndrome ,Covid-19 infection - Abstract
U prosincu 2019. godine dolazi do pojave pneumonije nepoznate etiologije u Wuhanu, Hubei provinciji u Kini. Tomografski prikaz pluća na CT uređaju kod Covid-19 oboljelih pacijenata tipično pokazuje bilateralne infiltrate s multiplim opacifikacijama poput zemljanog stakla (eng. ground glass), konsolidacije bez edema, a kod nekih i asimetrične edematozne lezije i atelektaze uz fibrozu. Znanstvenici pokušavaju fenotipizirati ARDS-a u Covid-19 infekciji s obzirom na kliničku sliku, CT prikaz, biokemijske markere i slično kako bi se mogao odrediti onaj fenotip koji sa sobom donosi veći mortalitet i kako bi se moglo kvalitetno pristupiti liječenju svakog pojedinog tipa. Prevalencija od 26,6% pripada drugom fenotipu koji ima povišene faktore koagulacije kao što su D-dimeri, protrombinsko vrijeme i aktivirano tromboplastinsko vrijeme. Pored faktora koagulacije fenotip dva ima i povišene markere disfunkcije organa poput laktata, kreatinina i troponina, ali i markere upale poput interleukina 6. Prevalencija od oko 25% pripada hiperupalnome fenotipu u kojem pronalazimo povišene markere upale, zatajenja organa, faktore koagulacije što posljedično dovodi to povećanog mortaliteta. Prijelaz iz jednog fenotipa u drugi pronalazi se u manje od 10% pacijenata što ukazuje na stabilnost fenotipova. Literatura ukazuje kako se hiperinflamatorni tip ARDS-a uzrokovan Sars-CoV-2 virusom može prepoznati po tri laboratorijska parametra s obzirom na promjenu koncentracije C reaktivnog proteina ili na udvostručenje koncentracije unutar 24 sata te koncentracijom feritina., In December 2019, pneumonia of unknown etiology occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. CT scan of the lung in Covid-19 patients typically shows bilateral infiltrates with multiple opacifications such as ground glass, consolidation without edema, and in some asymmetric edematous lesions and atelectasis with fibrosis. Scientists are trying to phenotype ARDS in Covid-19 infection with regard to the clinical picture, CT scan, biochemical markers and other differences in order to determine the phenotype that has higher mortality and to be able to create approach to the treatment of each type. The prevalence of 26.6% belongs to another phenotype that has elevated coagulation factors such as D-dimers, prothrombin time, and activated thromboplastin time. In addition to coagulation factors, phenotype two has elevated markers of organ dysfunction such as lactate, creatinine and troponin, but also markers of inflammation such as interleukin 6. The prevalence of about 25% belongs to the hyperinflammatory phenotype in which we find elevated markers of inflammation, organ failure, coagulation factors with increased mortality. Transition from one phenotype to another is found in less than 10% of patients indicating phenotype stability. The literature indicates that the hyperinflammatory type of ARDS caused by Sars-CoV-2 virus can be identified by three laboratory parameters due to the change in the concentration of reactive protein C or the doubling of the concentration within 24 hours and the concentration of ferritin.
- Published
- 2021
36. Metode raspuhivanja plućnog parenhima (recruitment manevri) - pregled literature
- Author
-
Nuić, Lara, Protić, Alen, Barković, Igor, Šustić, Alan, and Sotošek Tokmadžić, Vlatka
- Subjects
atelektaza ,BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Kliničke medicinske znanosti. Anesteziologija i reanimatologija ,akutni respiracijski distres sindrom ,atelectasis ,recruitment metoda ,BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Clinical Medical Sciences. Anesthesiology and Reanimatology ,recruitment maneuver ,recruitment method ,acute respiratory distress syndrome ,recruitment manevar - Abstract
Atelektaza je gubitak volumena pluća zbog kolapsa plućnog tkiva. ARDS je najčešći uzrok ovoj patologiji. Zbog ventilacijsko-perfuzijskog nesklada, reducirana je izmjena plinova u plućima i posljedično nastaje hipoksemija koja je indikacija za strojnu ventilaciju. Kratkotrajnom primjenom povećanog transpulmonarnog tlaka, možemo otvoriti kolabirano pluće i taj se postupak zove recruitment manevar (RM). Više je metoda kojima postižemo otvaranje atelektatičnih dijelova pluća. Kao prvi spomenuti RM, spominje se „uzdah“ koji se izvodi tako da se tijekom mehaničke ventilacije u određenim intervalima, upuhuje visok Vt do prihvatljivog vršnog tlaka. Najupotrebljavanija metoda je neprekinuto upuhivanje koja se izvodi naglim povišenjem tlaka zraka u dišnim putevima kroz određeni vremenski period. Najčešće se koristi CPAP od 40 cm H2O kroz 40 s. Jednom kada se alveole otvore, takvima ih održava PEEP. Kako neprekinuto upuhivanje za nuspojavu ima često hemodinamske promjene (prolazna hipotenzija) sve je više u upotrebi metoda sa postepenim povišenjem tlakova, koja koristi postepeno titranje PEEP-a i na taj način smanjuje pretjeranu distenziju alveola. Kod unilateralnih atelektaza, u jednom se slučaju primjenio EBB koji sprječava nepovoljno djelovanje visokih tlakova (koji se primjenjuju za recruitment atelektatične polovice pluća) na zdravi dio. Jedan od najnovijih radova prikazuje i postupak „ciljanog segmentalnog recruitmenta“ koji je postignut pomoću katetera plućne arterije. Postavljanje u pronacijski položaj, pokazalo se također kao dobra taktika za poboljšanje oksigenacije i može se smatrati jednom od metoda RM-a. Sve metode imaju prednosti i mane, tako da optimalna metoda RM-a ne postoji, već se pacijentu treba pristupiti individualno i ovisno o njegovom stanju primijeniti metodu za koju se misli da bi mu najbolje odgovarala., Atelectasis is a loss of lung volume due to the collapse of lung tissue. ARDS is the most common cause of this pathology. Due to the ventilation-perfusion discrepancy, the exchange of gases in the lungs is reduced and consequently hypoxemia occurs, which is an indication for mechanical ventilation. By short-term application of increased transpulmonary pressure, we can open a collapsed lung and this procedure is called a recruitment maneuver. There are several methods by which we achieve the opening of atelectasis.The sigh is the first mentioned RM, which is performed by raising Vt or PEEP, depending on the ventilator, during one or more breaths. The most used method is Sustained infl. which is performed by a sudden increase in air pressure in the airways over a period of time. The most commonly used is CPAP of 30-50 cm H2O for 30-44 s. Once the alveoli are opened, they are maintained as such by PEEP. Sustained infl. often has the side effects like hemodynamic changes (hypotension). Because of that, increasilgly used method is Stepwise method, which uses the gradual titration of PEEP and thus reduces excessive alveolar distension. In unilateral atelectasis, EBB is applied to prevent the adverse effects of high pressures, which are applied to recruit the atelectasis of one half of the lung, on the healthy part. One of the most recent works also shows the procedure of "targeted segmental recruitment" which was achieved with the help of a pulmonary artery catheter. The prone position has also been shown to be a good tactic to improve oxygenation and can be considered as one of the methods of RM. All methods have advantages and disadvantages, so the optimal method of RM does not exist. The patient should be approached individually and, depending on his condition,the physician should apply the method that is thought to suit him best.
- Published
- 2021
37. ASSESSMENT OF ATELECTASIS AND RECRUITMENT MANEUVERS IN PATIENTS ON MECHANICAL VENTILATION IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
- Author
-
Predović, Ivona, Protić, Alen, Sotošek, Vlatka, Šustić, Alan, and Barković, Igor
- Subjects
atelektaza ,acute respiratory distress sindrom ,ultrasound ,recruitment pluća ,computed tomography ,lung recruitment ,ultrazvuk ,akutni respiracijski distres sindrom ,BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Clinical Medical Sciences. Intensive Care ,kompjuterizirana tomografija ,atelectasis ,BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Kliničke medicinske znanosti. Intenzivna medicina ,electric impendance tomography ,električna impedancijska tomografija - Abstract
Atelektaza se u jedinici intenzivnog liječenja (JIL) poglavito javlja u sklopu postoperativnih stanja i akutnom respiracijskom distres sindromu (ARDS). Gubitak volumena pluća rezultira pojavom hipoksemije koja često zahtjeva primjenu mehaničke ventilacije. Recruitment manevar (RM) primjenom povišenih tlakova nastoji otvoriti kolabirano plućno tkivo. Međutim, nisu svi bolesnici s ARDS-om kandidati za RM, a potrebno je procijeniti i njegovu učinkovitost. U te svrhe, kompjuterizirana tomografija (CT) se danas koristi kao zlatni standard. Omogućuje dobru prostornu rezoluciju i vizualizaciju promjena te pruža podatak o hiperinflaciji, što je važno u sprječavanju nastanka ozljede pluća. Ipak, izvođenje CT-a zahtjeva premještanje bolesnika na odjel radiologije te izlaže bolesnika ionizirajućem zračenju. U klinički rad se počinju implementirati nove metode. Ultrazvuk se, kao i električna impedancijska tomografija (EIT), može izvoditi uz krevet bolesnika u JIL-u, neinvazivni su te jednostavni za primjenu. Također, ne zahtijevaju primjenu ionizirajućeg zračenja. Dodatna je pogodnost EIT-a što omogućuje kontinuirano dinamičko praćenje promjena u vidu prozračnosti pluća. Međutim, i one imaju svoje nedostatke poput slabije prostorne rezolucije i nemogućnosti detaljne analize patologije na plućima. Svaka od tih pretraga ima svoje mjesto i vrijeme za primjenu te se mogu i moraju koristiti zajedno. Na taj način nadopunjavaju nedostatke drugih metoda i stvaraju potpuniju sliku o bolesnikovom stanju, omogućujući u konačnici individualni pristup u liječenju svakog bolesnika., Atelectasis in intensive care unit (ICU) is often found in postoperative period and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Lung volume loss results in hypoxemia and often requires mechanical ventilation. By applying high inspiratory pressures, recruitment maneuver (RM) attempts to open collapsed tissue. However, not all patients with ARDS are candidates for RM and its effectivness needs to be evaluated. For these purposes, computed tomography (CT) is used today as the gold standard providing good spatial resolution and visualization of morphological changes in the lungs. It also provides data on hyperinflation, which is important in preventing lung injury. However, CT requires moving the patient to the radiology department and exposes him to ionizing radiation. Other methods finding their place in clinical work. Ultrasound, like electrical impedance tomography (EIT), can be performed at bedside. Both methods are non-invasive and easy to apply. Also, they do not use ionizing radiation. Another benefit of EIT is the continuous dynamic monitoring of the changes in the lung ventilation. Their downsides are lower spatial resolution and poor analysis of pulmonary pathologies. To conclude, each of these methods has its time and place for application and can be used together to supplement the shortcomings of other methods thus creating more complete picture of patient's condition resulting ultimately in individual treatment approach.
- Published
- 2020
38. END OF LIFE PRACTICE ETHICAL ASPECTS IN INTENSIVE CARE UNITS
- Author
-
Pavlović, Veronika, Protić, Alen, Sotošek, Vlatka, Šustić, Alan, and Barković, Igor
- Subjects
end of life praksa ,BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Clinical Medical Sciences. Intensive Care ,ethical principles ,end of life practice ,BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Kliničke medicinske znanosti. Intenzivna medicina ,BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Kliničke medicinske znanosti. Medicinska etika ,etička načela ,odjel intenzivne medicine ,intensive care unit ,BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Clinical Medical Sciences. Medical Ethics - Abstract
Intenzivna medicina je grana medicine koja se bavi liječenjem kritično oboljelih osoba kojima osigurava nadzor, njegu, liječenje i potporu organskih sustava. Provodi se na odjelima intenzivne medicine u kojima rade posebno obučeni medicinski djelatnici koji posjeduju tehnologije za trajni nadzor bolesnika, ali i tehnologije i znanja za održavanje života pacijenata koji se tamo nalaze. Usprkos koordinaciji medicinskih djelatnika, njihovom znanju i mogućnostima, tehnologijama koje se koriste, od 15 do 20% ljudi u JIL-ovima tamo i završava svoj život. U bolesnika koji su došli do terminalne faze svoje bolesti većina invazivnih i intenzivnih postupaka ne donose nikakav pomak ka ozdravljenju pacijenata. Iz tog razloga, kako bi se spriječilo nesvrsishodno liječenje, pojavio se novi pristup u JIL-ovim za osobe koje su na kraju svog života, end of life praksa ( EOL praksa). Ona uključuje i odnos prema bolesnicima i njihovim obiteljima, ali se dotiče i donošenja medicinskih odluka po pitanju postupaka koji bi se trebali dalje provoditi ili korigirati. Svakog pacijenta se gleda kao na zasebno ljudsko biće i prema Kodeksu medicinske etike i deontologije potrebno je ispoštovati osnovna načela autonomije, dobročinstva, neškodljivosti i pravednosti., Intensive care medicine is a branch of medicine that deals with the treatment of critically ill people, providing them with supervision, care, treatment and organ system support. It is carried out in intensive care units by specially trained medical workers who not only have machinery for continuous monitoring of critically ill patients, but also have technologies and knowledge for maintaining the lives of patients who are there. Despite the coordination between medical staff , their knowledge and the technologies used, up to 15-20% of people in ICUs end their lives there. Concerning patients who have reached the terminal stage of their illness, most invasive and intensive procedures do not bring any progress in the healing process. For this reason, in order to prevent inappropriate treatment, a new approach, end of life practice ( EOL practice) has emerged in ICUs for people who are at the end of their lives. Not only does it include the patients and their families in the process of decision making, but it also concerns the making of medical decisions regarding procedures that should be further implemented or corrected. Each patient is seen as an individual human being, and according to The Codex of Medical Ethics and Deontology, it is necessary to respect the basic principles of autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence and distributive justice.
- Published
- 2020
39. MYASTHENIA GRAVIS - SURGICAL APPROACH
- Author
-
Pajić, Ela, Ivančić, Aldo, Bučuk, Mira, Bulat-Kardum, Ljiljana, and Barković, Igor
- Subjects
myasthenia gravis ,BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Kliničke medicinske znanosti. Kirurgija ,thymus ,miastenija gravis ,BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Clinical Medical Sciences. Surgery ,thymectomy ,timektomija ,timus - Abstract
Miastenija gravis je bolest koja zahvaća neuromišićnu spojnicu uzrokujući abnormalnu slabost, umor i propadanje muskulature. Dolazi do gubitka ili disfunkcije acetilkolinskih receptora u najvećem slučaju zbog prisutnosti protutijela na nikotinske acetilkolinske receptore (NAChR). Timus i timom imaju posebnu ulogu u patofiziologiji miastenije gravis zbog uloge timusa u sazrijevanju i distribuciji limfocita gdje može doći do križne reaktivnosti i posljedične autoimunosti na NAChR. Najčešće korištena dijagnostička imunološka pretraga za dijagnozu miastenije gravis je mjerenje razine protutijela na NAChR što je visokospecifični test za dijagnostiku miastenije gravis. CT je metoda izbora u dijagnostici timoma. Zbog važnosti timusa u patofiziologiji miastenije gravis bolest se može liječiti kirurški, uklanjanjem timusa. Ukoliko je prisutan timom za planiranje operativog zahvata služe Masaoka i TNM klasifikacija. Metode kojima se može odstraniti timus/timom su transsternalni pristup, transcervikalna timektomija, video asistirana torakoskopska kirurgija (VATS – video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery) te robotska kirurgija. Neki od faktora koji utjeću na prognozu nakon timektomije su dob i spol, prisutnost timoma, kirurška tehnika, obujam resekcije i težina i duljina trajanja simptoma miastenije gravis. Nove metode timektomije su minimalno invazivne i s brzim oporavkom, a većina pacijenata pokazuje remisiju bolesti nakon uklanjanja timusa., Myasthenia gravis is a disease that affects the neuromuscular junction causing abnormal weakness, fatigue, and muscle decay. Loss or dysfunction of acetylcholine receptors occurs mostly due to the presence of antibodies to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (NAChR). The thymus and thymoma have a special role in the pathophysiology of myasthenia gravis due to the role of the thymus in the maturation and distribution of lymphocytes where cross-reactivity and consequent autoimmunity to NAChR can occur. The most commonly used diagnostic method for myasthenia gravis is the measurement of antibody levels to NAChR which is a highly specific test for the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. CT is the method of choice in the diagnosis of thymoma. Due to the importance of the thymus in the pathophysiology of myasthenia gravis the disease can be treated surgically, by removing the thymus. If there is thymoma present, to plan the operation, Masaoka and TNM classification are used. Methods that can be used to remove the thymus / thymoma are transsternal thymectomy, transcervical thymectomy, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) and robotic surgery. Some of the factors influencing the prognosis after thymectomy are age and sex, presence of thymoma, surgical technique, extent of resection and severity and duration of symptoms of myasthenia gravis. New methods of thymectomy are minimally invasive and with rapid recovery, and most patients show remission of the disease after removal of thymus.
- Published
- 2020
40. DIFFERENCE IN THE FREQUENCY OF ARRIVAL OF PATIENTS WITH COPD BY TIME PERIODS
- Author
-
Zdjelar, Sonja, Hauser, Goran, Licul, Vanja, and Barković, Igor
- Subjects
chronic bronchitis ,COPD ,asthma ,pulmonary emphysema - Abstract
Kronična opstruktivna plućna bolest je veoma česta plućna bolest koja se može prevenirati i adekvatno liječiti, a obilježena je trajnim dišnim simptomima i smanjenim protokom zraka zbog abnormalnosti dišnih puteva. Plućne bolesti, pa tako i KOPB su sve veći uzrok pobola na svjetskoj razini i pokazuju značajan porat mortaliteta. Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi postoji li postoji li razlika u rezultatima dolaska bolesnika oboljelih od KOBP po vremenskim razdobljima u periodu od periodu od 01.06.2019.- 01.06.2020 kod bolesnika liječenih na Zavodu za pulmologiju Kliničkog bolničkog centra Rijeka. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 79 osoba, od kojih 43 žene i 36 muškaraca, sa prosječnom životnom dobi od 78,1 godinu. Najstariji bolesnik imao je 89 godina, a najmlađi 49 godina. Rezultati analiza dolaska pokazali su raspon od 15 kada je bilo najmanje u prosincu do najviše dolaska u rujnu sveukupno 69. Također najviše pacijenta je došlo u rujnu 38, a najmanje u prosincu što ukazuje da su ta dva mjesec imala najmanje recidiva. Zaključak istraživanja je da postoji razlika u dolascima po vremenskim razdobljima., Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a very common lung disease that can be prevented and adequately treated, and is characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and decreased airflow due to airway abnormalities. Pulmonary diseases, including COPD, are a growing cause of global disease and show a significant increase in mortality. The aim of the study was to determine whether there is a difference in the results of the arrival of patients with COPD by time periods in the period from 01.01.2020 to 01.06.2020 in patients treated at the Department of Pulmonology of the Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka. The study involved 79 people, of whom 43 were women and 36 were men, with an average age of 78.1 years. The oldest patient was 89 years old and the youngest 49 years old. The results of the arrival analyzes showed a range of 15 when it was the lowest in December to the highest arrival in September overall 69. Also most patients came in September 38 and the least in December indicating that those two months had the least recurrences. The conclusion of the research is that there is a difference in arrivals by time periods.
- Published
- 2020
41. Severe asthma: Allergic and eosinophil phenotype and Therapeutic possibillities
- Author
-
Erstić, Ivan, Bulat-Kardum, Ljiljana, Barković, Igor, Kukuljan, Melita, and Ivančić, Aldo
- Subjects
asthma/diagnosis ,BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Kliničke medicinske znanosti. Interna medicina ,aspirin-induced asthma ,asthma/therapy ,astma ,astma/dijagnoza ,astma inducirana aspirinom ,asthma ,BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Clinical Medical Sciences. Internal Medicine ,astma/terapija - Abstract
Astma zahvaća velik broj ljudi- oko 250 milijuna u svijetu. Od teške astme boluje oko 5% astmatičara. Iako je kod većine bolesnika astma bolest koja se lako kontrolira, za teške astmatičare nerijetko je životno ugrožavajuća bolest koja je refraktorna na liječenje. S vremenom se shvatilo da su pacijenti s astmom često različiti te je razvijen koncept fenotipova astme. On objedinjava kliničke karakteristike, patogenetske mehanizme u pozadini bolesti te različit pristup dijagnostici i terapiji prema pojedinim grupama pacijenata. Dva najčešće fenotipa u astmi su alergijski i eozinofilni. Otišlo se i korak dalje, uveo se pojam endotipa koji govori u prilog različitih molekularnih mehanizama koji objašnjavaju razvoj bolest. Za sada su, zbog trenutno dostupne terapije, definirana dva endotipa- Th2-high i Th2-low endotip. Alergijski fenotip je najčešći. Dolazi do reakcije preosjetljivosti tipa I gdje važnu ulogu ima IgE. Nakon ponovnog izlaganja alergenu, dolazi do njegovog križnog vezanja za IgE te otpuštanje različitih medijatora iz upalnih stanica što u konačnici uzrokuje aktivaciju eozinofila kao efektorskih stanica. Većina pacijenata dobro kontrolira svoju bolest s IKS-om ili IKS+LABA-om, no za najteže pacijente efikasan je omalizumab, protutijelo koje se veže za IgE. Eozinofilni fenotip se javlja u kasnijoj životnoj dobi te je vrlo često od početka bolesti refraktoran na terapiju i sklon egzacerbacijama. Patogeneza nije do kraja razjašnjena, ali se smatra da ključnu ulogu imaju ILC-2 stanice te IL-5 koji je nužan za eozinofiliju koja prevladava u ovom fenotipu. Standardnom terapijom se bolest često ne može kontrolirati, stoga se koristi biološka terapija za pacijente koji zadovoljavaju dane indikacije., Asthma affects a large number of people - around 250 million worldwide. Severe asthma affects about 5% of asthmatics. Over time, it was realized that patients with asthma were often different and the concept of phenotype was introduced. It combines clinical features, the pathogenetic mechanism of underlying disease and a different approach to diagnosis and therapy for each phenotype. Depending on the authors, patients are usually divided into 4 to 5 phenotypes. Scientists have gone a step further - introducing the appearance of an endotype where certain molecular mechanisms have explained the disease. For the time being, due to currently available therapies, two endotypes have been defined - Th2-high and Th2-low. The allergic phenotype is the most common. Type I hypersensitivity reactions occur where IgE plays an important role. After re-contact with the allergen, cross-linking to IgE occurs and releases various mediators from the inflammatory cells, which ultimately allows the activation of eosinophils as effector cells. Patients often have good control of their disease with ICS or ICS+LABA, but for the most severe patients, omalizumab, an IgE-binding antibody, is effective. The eosinophilic phenotype occurs in adulthood and it is often refractory to therapy and prone to exacerbations from the onset of the disease. The pathogenesis has not been fully explained, but it is considered that ILC-2 cells play pivotal role and so does IL-5, which is an essential cytokine for the eosinophilia that is prevalent in this phenotype. Standard therapy sometimes cannot control the disease, so biological therapy is used for patients who meet the given indications.
- Published
- 2020
42. [Malignant pleural mesothelioma in patients hospitalised at the Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka between 1989 and 2008].
- Author
-
Kricka O, Matanić Lender D, Barković I, Flego V, Kupanovac Z, and Bulat Kardum L
- Subjects
- Croatia epidemiology, Environmental Exposure, Female, Humans, Male, Mesothelioma etiology, Occupational Diseases etiology, Pleural Neoplasms etiology, Asbestos adverse effects, Mesothelioma epidemiology, Occupational Diseases epidemiology, Pleural Neoplasms epidemiology
- Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a relatively rare tumour, mainly associated with occupational exposure to asbestos. We retrospectively analysed the records of MPM patients treated at the Pulmonology Department of the Clinic for Internal Diseases, Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka between 1989 and 2008. to establish the incidence of MPM in that period. Between 1989 and 2008 the hospital received 121 MPM patients, 117 of whom were men and four women. We observed a continued increase in newly diagnosed MPM patients from year to year. Occupational exposure to asbestos was established in 72 patients who worked in shipbuilding. In our region the incidence of MPM has been rising significantly. We believe that this is not related to improved diagnostics, but to the long latency of the disease. This is why we expect this trend to continue for a while. In the U.S.A. and Europe, MPM incidence is expected to peak by 2020, while in countries with poor control over asbestos use this may take longer.
- Published
- 2009
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.