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The main objective of this chapter is to analyse how the digital revolution intertwines with the processes that are transformingprofessionalism. In particular, we focus on the relationship between professional work and the transition to a new socio-technicalsystem that has been defined as the platform paradigm or platform economy . We focus on the “within” dimension of thetransformation of professionalism. From the data collected, despite the platform work debate often being centred on low-skilledmanual workers, such as food delivery workers or couriers, it is clear that the professional services market represents asignificant share of platform work. Our findings confirm the hypothesis that platform work, rather than being itself the driver ofthe processes that are transforming professions, is a mechanism that reinforces dynamics that are already in place in the expertlabour segment, and that this leads to the emergence of what may be termed “platform professionalism” as a variant oforganisational professionalism.

Multiple job-holding represents not only a widespread working condition but also a particularly multifaceted phenomenon. Although it has drawn research attention from various disciplines over the last decades, a comprehensive understanding of its current articulation and its recent transformations is still lacking. Hence, in the light of the changing socio-economic scenario, the paper aims at identifying the structural characteristics of the contemporary forms of multiple job-holding in Italy. It does so through a mixed-methods approach: a quantitative analysis of Istat and Eurostat data, aimed at identifying the main profiles of the multiple job-holders, is complemented by a qualitative analysis conducted through 27 semi-structured interviews oriented to deepen the main determinants (push or pull factors) underlying the choice to carry out more than one job at the same time and the consequences in terms of individual enrichment or depletion. The empirical analysis points out the emergence of three clusters of contemporary multiple job-holders, each displaying peculiar traits. Overall, the paper offers a threefold contribution. First, it proposes a systematization of the broad debate on the variety of multiple job-holding, still fragmented and discontinuous. Second, it offers an analytical framework for investigating the complex phenomenon of multiple job-holding – lacking in the literature – based on the Italian experience but transferable also to other labour markets characterized by different regulatory and institutional configurations. Third, it updates the debate undertaken in Italy since the 1980s on the issue of multiple job-holding by investigating the specificities of contemporary forms of multiple employment in the light of the transformed socio-economic and regulatory scenario.

The chapter analyses the platformization of welfare services, thus going beyond business-oriented merchant perspectives that dominate the field of Platform Studies. The authors analyse the peculiarities of organisational design when welfare services adopt new platform architecture, examining how algorithms and artificial intelligence upend previously institutionalised forms of social welfare and the ways platforms alter how individuals interact with the state. The platformization of welfare services leads to solutions that overcome the traditional bureaucracy of local welfare systems and, at the same time, redefines the role of social workers not as simple public administrators of welfare, but according to a logic of process and collaboration never experienced before.

Criticism of platforms that do not adhere to the democratic principles outlined above has led to the emergence of an alternative proposition, known as “platform cooperativism”: worker-owned cooperatives based on open-source technologies, which respect ethical working conditions and redistribute to the users the value they have created. The cooperative platforms work beyond the public / private dichotomy, rooted in the "foundational" value of services understood as daily infrastructure, but also as a tool of reconnection (and hybridization) among the existing forms of value creation and distribution. In the following paragraphs we will try to focus the analysis on two "foundational" sectors (mobility and care) highlighting the impact generated by the recent digital transformations and the adoption of a "platform based" service model. We’ll try to compare histories and repertoires within the two polar governance systems, those attributable to Platform Capitalism and those related to the Platform Cooperativism, trying to put in evidence the trends of transformation exposed in the previous paragraph, and highilighting risks and opportunities that the platform model can generate.

Nello scenario italiano, caratterizzato da uno scarso sviluppo dei sistemi di trasporto collettivi, lo spazio per i servizi di mobilità condivisa (o sharing mobility) sembra assai promettente e rappresenta il vero traino dell’economia condivisa nel nostro paese. Infatti, nonostante la prevalenza di un modello «individualistico» imperniato sul possesso e [sull’]uso di veicoli privati, la sharing mobility sembra riempire perfettamente gli «interstizi» che si snodano tra l’auto e il trasporto pubblico, i due principali mezzi utilizzati dagli italiani. Sicuramente gli aspetti più apprezzati sono legati alla flessibilità d’uso che queste nuove forme di mobilità mettono a disposizione dei cittadini, oltre ai vantaggi in termini di risparmio economico e di riduzione degli impatti inquinanti. Tuttavia, tra car sharing e car pooling, è il secondo a presentare maggiori potenzialità innovative. La condivisione di passaggi (o ride-sharing), infatti, sembra favorire la creazione di relazioni sociali e di fiducia tra gli utenti che decidono, grazie agli strumenti digitali, di condividere viaggi più o meno lunghi, amplificando gli effetti virtuosi della mobilità condivisa oltre a convenienza, sostenibilità e l’ estrema adattabilità. Gestire e innovare la mobilità urbana attraverso la condivisione significa, però, agire non solo sul piano delle infrastrutture o della varietà e complementarità delle reti di trasporto ma operare anche sulle competenze di mobilità e i fattori socio-cognitivi associati all’adozione di ogni mezzo di spostamento. L’accessibilità economica e culturale diviene, allora, un punto fondamentale su cui la regolazione e le politiche pubbliche possono svolgere un ruolo centrale per la promozione e l’efficacia dei sistemi di sharing mobility. Infatti, la diffusione e l’inclusività della mobilità condivisa incrociano direttamente le competenze digitali dei soggetti, la loro attitudine all’uso della moneta digitale (e pertanto devono essere bancabi

Analizza l'evoluzione dello sviluppo della mobilità condivisa a Milano

Il capitolo discute la sharing economy come forma alternativa/complementare o integrata rispetto alle forme tradizionali di scambio di mercato e presenta una mappatura delle piattaforme di economia collaborativa in Italia.

The article analize the open data movement in a specific social context

Il tempo come risorsa scarsa e la sua organizzazione rappresentano una delle preoccupazioni principali della vita contemporanea, divenendo sempre più oggetto di mercato da cui estrarre valore. Tuttavia, esistono istituzioni che ribaltano una simile concezione e sono le Banche del Tempo, per cui ciò che scarso diventa risorsa e nuovo strumento di scambio basato sulla reciprocità. Le banche del tempo, come modello di transazione e relazione alternativo allo scambio di mercato, oggi si ridefiniscono seguendo le logiche della sharing economy. L’articolo si propone di analizzare opportunità e limiti esaminando un caso di studio, quello di una piattaforma on line di Time-Banking. La ricerca segue un approccio netnografico, combinando i dati raccolti, in una logica di triangolazione, con quelli rilevati tramite una survey agli utenti che approfondisce il tema delle finalità e delle interazioni con le altre forme di scambio economico tra on-line e off-line.

Il saggio analizza i processi di estrazione di valore nel settore agroalimentare italiano a seguito della liberalizzazione del commercio e dell'ascesa della grande distribiuzione.

Andrew Sayer, Why we can't affoprd the Rich, Public Policy

Il lavoro analizza la trasformazione del fenomeno estorsivo durante gli anni della crisi in un contesto tradizionalmente percepito a minore intensità mafiosa

Analisi netnografica degli annunci di lavoro on line in Italia

This essay introduces the subject and interpretative perspective of the monograph ‘Unboxing the Sharing Economy’, and is divided into three parts. The first part illustrates the evolution of the concept of the ‘sharing economy’ and the main analytical implications. The second part outlines the key findings of a systematic review of the literature, which indicates both that academic research on the sharing economy has expanded considerably since 2013, and that sociology’s contribution to this debate remains underdeveloped and somewhat incoherent. The final part both locates the contributions to the monograph in the context of other studies and summarizes its content.

This brief, conclusive essay outlines the challenges that lie ahead of sociology as a discipline in its approach towards the ‘sharing economy’ and its emergent practices. Using the research displayed in the monograph, we offer a set of reflections that should read as a call to arms for sociological research to embrace the ‘sharing turn’ in a comprehensive manner.

Time is one of the major concerns of our life (because decisions on how to allocate this resource are always the result of a compromise between natural and social norms. In particular, in Western societies there has been a transformation of social timing along fundamental lines; speeding, measurement, expansion and commodification . In the post-industrial phase, the meaning of time varies, in particular due to the disappearance of the traditional separation between working and non-working hours. There is a new "social rhythm” that risks a qualitative and quantitative depletion of temporal resources, generated by the recurring dynamic of a negative overlap between work and private life, and the overlapping of different layers of time.eople try to generate practices and strategies to reconnect to the fundamentals of social time such as time banks, which is a tool for mutualism and reciprocity within specific and territorially defined communities (residents of a neighbourhood or the human resources of a company). The system is configured as a proximity service that pools the scarce time resources of each person and redistributes them to support the needs of a member of the community. Through the time bank, the members of a community exchange services, the value of which is defined by the amount of time required, so that time acts as a type of currency. In this chapter, the objective is to see how motivations and exchange practices change in the transition of time banks from the off-line to the on-line system and what impact those changes have on reciprocal transaction mechanisms. The data collected refer to the transactions of one the most significant digital time-banking platforms currently operating.

A literature review of the economic and social impact of the sharing economy

The essay reports the results of a study about consumer satisfaction of Car2go service in Milan

The popularisation of the term Sharing Economy, commonly intended as a new socio-economic model based on collaboration and the socialization of value production especially through digital technologies, has revived the scholarly discussion on the extent and consequences of market exchange in society. The idea of a rising “sharing economy” is currently a hot topic in an international debate that builds on the emergence of peer-to-peer network exchanges that rely more on access than on property, on relations more than on appropriation, to call into question the sociological understanding of the relationship between the society and the market that goes back to authors such as Polanyi, Marx and Sombart. Sociological and also non-sociological analyses of the so-called Sharing Economy have multiplied quickly; however, this has produced so far a plurality of fragmented results, especially in the sociological literature. The aim of this monograph is therefore to bring together a selection of contributions that will help identify the analytical categories and indicators needed to interpret this phenomenon from a sociological perspective on a global scale. Through a collection of original empirical research on this topic, from Western and non-Western contexts, by both established and junior scholars, this monograph will make a pivotal contribution to the study of what themes, methods and issues characterise the rise of “sharing” as a socio-economic model and a new frontier of sociological research. In particular, this monograph aims to answer the following questions: what do we mean with “sharing economy”? What kind of positive innovations or possible criticalities might this socio-economic model bring? Does “sharing” really represent an alternative to capitalism, or an example of its transformation? In which areas, and how, is the way of doing business in society changing as a result of the diffusion of “sharing economies”?

L'articolo analizza i percorsi di carriera e di transizione all'imprenditorialità della comunità senegalese a Catania negli anni della crisi, The article looks at the career paths of transition and entrepreneurship of the Senegalese community in Catania during the crisis years

Il rapporto tra formazione e lavoro è centrale nella strategia europea ma l’emergenza occupazionale attuale impone un ripensamento delle politiche. L’analisi delle transizioni ha evidenziato che il successo del lavoratore non dipende solo dalle competenze possedute ma anche dalla capacità di attivare e combinare risorse identitarie e sociali in un momento in cui le carriere si fanno più frammentate e incerte, con elevati rischi di intrappolamento, over-education e over skilling. Ciò ha contribuito a una crescente assunzione di responsabilità dei sistemi educativi, valorizzando la dimensione formale e informale dei processi di apprendimento. Pur in assenza di analisi puntuali, la valutazione delle recenti politiche attive nel paese, come il Progetto Neet o Youth Guarantee, conferma però i deficit delle politiche top down e incoraggia l’ampliamento del dibattito sull’innovazione partendo da esperienze alternative di tipo bottom up. Il contributo individua i tratti di iniziative «dal basso», riflettendo criticamente sulle loro caratteristiche di innovazione e sul rapporto tra formazione ed employability.

L'articolo analizza il fenomeno della violenza domestica e la capacità di risposta del sistema penale attraverso l'analisi del contenuto dei fascioli giudiziari

The article looks at the effectiveness of internship in the job placement of young graduates

An analysis of the impact of job placement services and post-graduation internship on the employability of young graduates

The article puts in evidence the peculiarties of the Medeterrinean labor market and regulation of internship in Italy with an empirical study on a representative sample of graduates

Un'analisi sociologica dei fascicoli giudiziari per capire come il sistema penale interagisce con le vittime di violenza domestica.

The study puts in evidence the failure of the liberalization policies in Italy

The effectivness of internship in Italy in terms of employability for young guaduates

An empirical analysis about Working conditions and opportunities of employment of young interns

Analisi critica del fenomeno della sharing economy in Italia

The social impact of digital time banking platform

Si analizza il rapporto tra trasformazione produttiva ed evoluzione dell'analisi sociologica sul consumo

capitolo manualistico sulle diverse tecniche di rilevazione dati: questionario e intervista

Il capitolo presenta la metodologia applicata ad uno studio su rischi e malattie professionali dei lavoratori migranti in agricoltura finanziata da CISL a livello nazionale

L'articolo evidenzia l'impatto della recente crisi economica sui consumi degli italiani attraverso una disamina dei dati secondari disponibili evidenziando la necessità di una seria riflessione sul rinnovamento dell'indagine statistica nazionale sui consumi nel Paese.

Uno studio sul rapporto tra job satisfaction e profilo socio-professionale di chi lavora in un call centre

Un'analisi organizzativa dell'azione del sistema penale al contrasto ai casi di violenza nelle relazioni di intimità in due città campione in Italia: Catania e Bologna.

Consumers are even more critical and active, so in nowdays we can speak of citizen-consumers, capable to act individually and collectively, influencing policy makers and business strategy.

La transizione dallo stato regolatore allo stato gestore in Italia attraverso un'analisi dei risultati delle liberalizzazioni nel settore dei servizi

Lo studio analizza i percorsi di transizione al lavoro e carriera in due comparti centrali dell'economia meridionale (ICT e Loisir) evidenziando limiti e ostacoli derivanti dal campo organizzativo in cui questi lavoratori operano nonché dalle scarse opportunità di un mercato del lavoro asfittico.