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Summary: Certain parental cognitions about child sleep and bedtime behaviours used with their child have been linked to poorer child sleep. However, previous research has focused on mothers and explored only a limited range of sleep‐related cognitions and practices. The present study investigated whether parental cognitions and sleep‐related practices (both in connection with their own sleep and their child's sleep), alongside the bedtime behaviours used with their child were associated with and/or were predictive of their child's sleep. Mothers and fathers from 44 families (with a child aged 12–24 months) separately completed questionnaires reporting (i) their cognitions (about their own sleep and their child's sleep), (ii) sleep‐related practices (used in connection with their own and their child's sleep) and (iii) bedtime behaviours used with their child. Child sleep was assessed through parental report and actigraphy. Both parents' cognitions about their own sleep predicted cognitions about their child's sleep. Mothers' own sleep‐related practices predicted the types of practices they used with their child. Different patterns of maternal and paternal variables influenced parental perceptions of their child having a sleep problem. The present findings highlight the importance of including mothers and fathers in child sleep research. Parents' dysfunctional cognitions (their own sleep) and broader sleep‐related practices (their own and child sleep) should be considered when exploring influences on child sleep. Results have possible implications for targets of interventions for child sleep problems and also potential implications for theoretical models of child sleep. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To examine how school nurse practice evolved as a result of the Covid‐19 pandemic. Design: A scoping review of international literature, conducted and reported in line with Arksey and O'Malley's (2005) framework. Data Sources: Searches were conducted in September 2021. Ten databases were searched: The British Nursing Database, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Consumer Health Database, Health and Medicine, Nursing and Allied Health, Public Health, PsycINFO, PubMed and Web of Science. Relevant grey literature was identified through hand searching. Review Methods: A minimum of three reviewers independently screened articles and two reviewers independently undertook data extraction, with any decisions made collaboratively with the wider team. Much of the literature was not empirical work and so it was not possible to apply a traditional quality appraisal framework. Results: Searches identified 554 papers (after deduplication) which were screened against title and abstract. Following the full‐text review, 38 articles underwent data extraction and analysis. The review findings highlighted that school nurses adapted their practice to ensure they were able to continue providing their formal and informal school health offer to children, young people and their families and continued working closely with the multidisciplinary team. In addition, the expanded public health role generated by Covid‐19 for school nurses' work was considerable, multi‐layered and added to their routine workload. School nurses displayed resilience, adaptability and creativity in their response to delivering services during Covid‐19. Conclusion: School nurses took on a leading public health role during the Covid‐19 pandemic. Some developments and practices were highlighted as beneficial to continue beyond the pandemic. However, formal evaluation is needed to identify which practices may merit integration into routine practice. Continued investment in staff and infrastructure will be essential to ensuring school nurses continue to expand their practice and influence as public health experts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This integrative review aims to evaluate the experiences of health and social care practitioners with regard to how they exercise professional curiosity in child protection practice. Professional curiosity gained significant currency following the Munro Review of Child Protection (2010) in England, as a means of seeking clarity on what is happening within a family. However, a recurrent finding from child safeguarding practice reviews is that practitioners continue to struggle to exercise curiosity. This is evident within both the United Kingdom and international literature, although descriptors for the concept may differ. This study attempted to identify facilitators and barriers to applying professional curiosity to provide a greater understanding of this theoretical concept. Title and abstract review of 1428 articles identified from databases and 11 from other sources resulted in 52 papers for full‐text review. The quality of each article was appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool for qualitative studies, the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) for quantitative/mixed method studies and the Joanna Briggs framework for theoretical/opinion papers. Key findings were recorded in the Summary Table of Literature Reviewed. Data extracts were thematically analysed. Twenty‐four papers predominantly from the UK, but also from Australia, Italy, Sweden and USA formed the data set. Overarching themes that emerged from the thematic analysis included: noticing dissonance, emitting curiosity, constructing meaning, facilitators, individual professional challenges, organisational and macro‐level influences and conceptual development. This review demonstrated that professional curiosity is multifaceted and involves a whole system approach, from empowered, knowledgeable and competent frontline practitioners to creative, innovative and empathic organisations, that value staff contributions and place the child's best interests at the forefront of service development. Recommendations are made for practice and further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Child sleep is a common parental concern and there is an array of resources available to parents. However, an exploration of UK parents' help‐seeking behaviours around child sleep is lacking. This study sought to identify the resources parents use to seek information and help for child sleep, as well as to explore what factors parents prefer about certain sources and their reservations about using other resources. Parents of 6‐36 month old children residing in the United Kingdom (UK) completed an online questionnaire between October 2015 and October 2016 about their use, opinions and experiences regarding resources for child sleep. Quantitative data were descriptively analysed and thematic analysis was conducted on parents' open‐ended text responses. Participants were 266 UK parents (97% mothers). Parents' ages ranged from 21 to 45 years (M = 33.49 years, SD = 4.71) and all resided in the United Kingdom (UK). General Internet searches were the most commonly reported source used by 47% of parents with a range of other informal resources also frequently consulted. Health Visitors (HVs) were the most accessed healthcare professional reportedly consulted by 38% of parents. Seven themes represented parental preferences for their resource use. Most strongly endorsed included a desire for information from other parents, particularly those with practical experience and accessing information that aligned with their parenting values. Parents preferred sources that provided support and reassurance, as well as those that afforded parents the ability to select relevant elements from a range of information. Seven themes represented parents' reservations about resources. Most strongly endorsed were concerns about reliability, being judged and challenges associated with filtering vast amounts of information. Parents reported having reservations towards sources if they had a previous negative experience with the source. Possible implications of the findings and specific suggestions about how existing and future resources could be adapted to better meet parents' needs are highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses the various topics within the issue, including abusive head trauma (AHT) prevention, family-focused practice (FFP) in families of parents with mental health problems, and child sexual abuse and exploitation prevention.

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses the various topics tackled within the issue, including the perception of midwives and child social workers in Northern Ireland on protection of unborn babies, child abuse, and child practice reviews (CPR) in Wales.

Mothers often make key decisions regarding their children's health. They hold core beliefs and attitudes towards healthcare providers, relying on healthcare services to provide support, advice and reassurance. It is crucial that health providers form authentic relationships with families with young children, in order to effectively provide healthcare, support and information as needed. In this paper, we explore mothers' views on the accessibility and expertise of healthcare professionals caring for their child's health. A case study, using a geographic post code as the case boundary was used. Focus groups and semi‐structured interviews with mothers of children aged under five years old were conducted. Participants (n = 33) were recruited from local playgroups and six focus groups (19 participants) and 14 individual interviews were conducted. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis. General Practice (including general practitioners [GPs] and practice nurses) was considered to be the preferred option when seeking timely healthcare advice and information. Participant mothers were open to accessing professional advice concerning their child's health, from a range of health professionals and understood the role and potential contribution of various health professionals. However, some factors, influenced mothers' decision‐making. These were captured in three themes: maternal perceptions of GPs as accessible experts; practice nurses as approachable and reassuring sources of advice; and difficulty in accessing health visiting services primarily due to service funding cuts. Further investment in primary care services, including expansion of the practice nurse role and an increase in health visiting service provision, may help to provide sufficient support for mothers seeking healthcare advice. In addition, healthcare service strategies, which engage with mothers and ensure nurses are recognised as knowledgeable, accessible, supportive and a suitable alternative to GPs, would be beneficial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses articles in the issue on topics including child sexual abuse and Paediatric Research Across the Midlands.

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses the various topics within the issue like child protection during the COVID-19 pandemic, fatal child maltreatment detection, and burns injuries in children under five years old.

Background: Healthcare professionals (HCPs), largely doctors, paediatricians, health visitors, midwives, and practice nurses, are in a good position to provide information, help, advice, or guidance to parents for child sleep. However, evidence suggests that there is a gap between the number of parents who desire assistance from HCPs and those that make use of these sources, yet very little is known about the reason for this apparent disparity. The aim of this study was to understand the barriers reported by parents to consulting HCPs about child sleep. Methods: In this study, 266 U.K.‐based parents of children aged 6–36 months old completed an online questionnaire (between October 2015 and October 2016) about their help‐seeking behaviours in relation to child sleep. This included reporting perceived barriers to consulting HCPs for child sleep information and advice about problems. Results: Thematic analysis highlighted five themes, which parents reported acted as barriers to them consulting HCPs. Specifically, parents perceived HCPs to have a lack of knowledge or training around the topic of child sleep and that advice would be limited in terms of breadth of information or management options that would be offered. Parents were also concerned about wasting their own or HCPs' time, perceived there was a lack of continuity in the information they received, and held concerns about possible negative consequences for their family if they shared details about any child sleep difficulties. Conclusions: Possible practical approaches to address the barriers reported by parents are highlighted. This includes improving training around the topic of child sleep for HCPs and adapting the content or manner in which the topic of child sleep and any associated issues are addressed with parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on world has been rocked by the COVID-19 pandemic which has caused huge changes to all the lives and the entire populations have been socially has isolated with daily life completely has altered by the virus-control measures has implemented by governments. Topics include the lockdown has been particularly difficult with many schools shut, and the children have been isolated from friends and peer networks.

An introduction to the journal is presented that focuses on issues related to child protection and safeguarding practice, including instruments used to assess non-verbal emotional signs in children during an investigative interview for suspected sexual abuse, the relationship between child sexual abuse experiences and the age at onset of depression, and a study that sought to identify what age difference may be an indicator of child sexual exploitation risk.

This article reports the findings from a new form of review: a focused mapping review and synthesis. The aim was to create a contemporary, snapshot profile of the nature and scope of gender-based violence (GBV) studies conducted in Europe. GBV is one of the most prevalent human rights violations in the world affecting mainly women and girls. The policy context of GBV in Europe has gathered momentum in recent years, but we do not have a clear picture of how this relates to research activity. Thirteen journals were purposively selected on their likelihood to publish GBV research. All articles published in these journals during 2015 and meeting our inclusion criteria were retrieved. Data were extracted according to (1) types of methodologies used, (2) geographical location of research, and (3) patterns of research activity/interest. Thirty-two articles met the inclusion criteria. Many titles and abstracts were not explicit about the gendered nature of the research which made retrieval and analysis difficult. A range of methodologies were reported, with single-country research conducted more than international collaborations. Intimate partner violence and sexual abuse attracted most research interest. No studies explored female genital mutilation/cutting and only one investigated early and forced marriage. The findings have implications regarding GBV research in Europe, and we explore them in relation to relevant European policy. Researchers can help raise the profile of the gendered nature of most violence-related research by being explicit about this in their publications. Increasing opportunities for cross-national research will help address the global nature of GBV. Tackling GBV requires synergy of empirical evidence and policy to drive the agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses articles in the issue on topics including broaden the understanding of the burden of child abuse and neglecting it and examining different aspects of maltreatment-related child deaths.

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses articles in the issue on topics including benefit of the medical assessment in terms of evidence, child maltreatment and the use of predictive algorithms to assist decision-making in social work practice with children and families.

An introduction to the journal is presented which discusses topics within the issue including attitudes of paediatricians about child protection work; role of general practitioners in child protection conferences; and quality of health services provided to sexual abuse children.

An introduction to the journal is presented on topics including abuse of women and their children during post-separation contact; post-separation co-parenting from fathers; and history of domestic violence.

An introduction is presented which discusses various reports within the issue on topics including physical child abuse, child psychopathology, and the assessment of child bruising by child protection social workers.

An introduction to a series of articles featured in the issue is presented on topics including missed dental appointments for children as an alerting feature of possible dental neglect, parenting programme developed by hospital staff for adolescent mothers, and a randomised trial of the Healthy Eating, Active Living (HEAL) programme for young people in Australia.

Aim: To ascertain young adults’ experience of alcohol-related collateral harm (ARC harm).Methods: An online survey collected quantitative and qualitative data from a convenience sample of students (N = 450) aged 16–24 in Southern England. Questions and analyses focused on harms they had experienced as a result of alcohol consumption by other people in their family or social circle.Findings: Sixty-four percent of the participants experienced ARC harm, including 50% of non-drinkers. In logistic regression analysis, ARC harms were associated with being female (OR = 1.62, 95% CI 1.01–2.62) family members who drank every day (OR = 2.65, 95% CI 1.49–4.69) being influenced by others’ drinking (OR = 2.03, 95% CI 1.32–3.10) being older (OR = 2.61 95% CI 1.57–4.34). No significant associations were found with high or low self-reported levels of alcohol consumption. Using qualitative descriptors, the ARC harms reported were classified into a novel taxonomy comprising eight categories: nuisance/frustration/exasperation, tolerance/adjustment/accommodation, pressure into unwanted situations, unsought/inappropriate responsibility, psychological harm, physical harm/acute risk of physical harm, relationship harm, and undisclosed harm.Conclusions: A high level of ARC harm was reported and experience of ARC harm was linked to several predictors. Further work is required to validate the proposed taxonomy, and to promote consideration of the phenomenon of ARC harm in alcohol policy. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses articles in the issue on topics including child abuse in the home environment, impact of domestic violence as well as abuse on children's lives, and Great Britain's child protection research.

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses reports published within the issue on topics including a comparison of the health and wellbeing outcomes between maltreated children placed in out-of-home care (OoHC) and those being cared for at home, the relationship between maternal personality disorder and child maltreatment and the impact of mandatory reporting for teacher education in Ireland.

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses reports in the 25th anniversary issue on topics including British child protection policies development since 1991, maternal and paternal filicide, and dangers of early child neglect and its effect on brain and child development.

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses articles within the issue on topics including child protection, audit of joint agency approach used to investigate unexpected child deaths in England, and review of the book The Story of Baby P: Setting the Record Straight" by Ray Jones.

An introduction is presented which discusses various articles within the issue on topics such as using routine longitudinal survey and administrative data about children involved with child welfare services, the law in England and Wales for protecting newborn babies, and dangers of shaking a baby.

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports within the issue on topics including a study on emotional support for out-of-home young people, health and service needs of children exposed to psychosocial risk factors, and a study on social work students' attitudes.

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various report within the issue on topics including the implementation of the British guidance on Safeguarding Children and Young People from sexual implementation, the need for clarity on the issue of internal child sex traficking, and several terms associated with internal child traficking.

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports within the issue on topics including resilience following child sexual abuse, maladaptation and mental ill-health of child and causal pathways of maltreatment.

Abstract: The Strengthening Families child protection conference model attempts to empower parents' participation in conferences and to enhance collaboration between conference participants. This paper, which is part of a broader study looking at the implementation of the Strengthening Families model across a county council in England, UK, explored the use of ‘power’ and ‘mutual interaction’ in both traditional and Strengthening Families child protection conferences. Data was collected using sociograms which were recorded during observations of the two types of conferences. Sociograms were analysed in order to identify patterns in terms of ‘power’ and ‘communication’ together with the use of the ‘group cohesion index’ which enabled us to draw conclusions about the degree of interaction between conference participants. Findings indicated a difference between the use of power in traditional and Strengthening Families conferences. In traditional conferences the power was mostly static (held by the chair), and in the Strengthening Families conferences power was shifted from the leader of the collaboration (chair) to the people who administer the collaboration (conference participants). Also, in the Strengthening Families model more interaction between conference participants and better group coherence were evident; however, in both types of conference communication was limited between the professionals. Sociograms proved a useful method for exploring group dynamics in the context of child protection conferences. It is suggested that a broader understanding of the underpinning principles of the Strengthening Families model is needed to successfully empower parents' participation in conferences and to enhance collaboration between conference participants. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports within the issue on topics including mental health of rape victims and their children, street children and child harm in Mauritania and Iran, and children's involvement with the criminal justice systems in Northern Ireland.

Prevalence studies of emotional health and well-being (EHWB) of young people indicate that that there is cause for concern. Very few studies have examined EHWB from the perspective of young people. This study examined the views of young people about their EHWB in the context of secondary education in the UK. Eight focus groups were conducted in five secondary schools with pupils in year 10 (aged 13-14). The findings suggested that whilst pupils thought some aspects of EHWB are well provided for in the school curriculum, there were problems with coherence of EHWB policy. Mental health topics were thought to be neglected in the EHWB curriculum especially in relation to self-harm. Three problems regarding talking about EHWB were identified. Firstly, the quality of EHWB lessons depended on the enthusiasm and creativity of the teacher taking the lesson. Secondly, pupils were concerned about confidentiality. Thirdly, many pupils preferred to talk to friends about EHWB issues. The findings of the study suggest a need for greater involvement of young people in the planning, implementation and evaluation of the EHWB curriculum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various topics of safeguarding in education including examining teachers awareness and knowledge of child protection practice, mandatory child abuse report, and nature of work undertaken by a behaviour and education support team (BEST).

Background: Given the significance of reliably detecting cases where mother-infant relationships are not developing successfully, it is important that initial assessment processes are as sensitive and specific as possible. Objectives: This study sought to examine the processes by which health visitors identify problems in mother-infant relationships in the post-natal period. Design: Mixed methods. Settings: Two universities and two primary care trusts. Participant: In Phase One 17 first-time mothers and their 6- to 16-week-old infants were recruited. In Phase Two, a sample of 12 health visitors participated. Methods: The study incorporated two data collection phases. In Phase One, each mother's interaction with her baby was video-recorded for 20 min in an observation laboratory. The video-recordings were coded and resultant data were analysed to derive a number of quantitative measures of interaction quality, including mothers' responsiveness and sensitivity to their infants as rated by the Global Ratings Scales (GRS) of Mother-Infant Interaction. In Phase Two, 12 health visitors rated and assessed 9 clips of the videorecorded mother-infant interactions. The rationales for their ratings were then explored through in-depth interviews. Health visitor ratings of the video clips were compared to the GRS ratings. The relationship between the main focus of each health visitor rating, as reported in the interview, and the consistency of ratings with the GRS ratings were then investigated. Results: Correlations between individual health visitors' ratings and the GRS ratings ranged from .17 to .83 and were statistically significant in only four cases. There was a weak relationship with health visitors' years of experience (rs = .47, NS). When explaining their judgements, health visitors tended to comment on the mother's behaviours or the relationship between the mother and baby and often ignored the behaviour of the baby. There was a highly significant relationship between the consistency of health visitor/GRS ratings and the number of references to the baby in the health visitors' explanations (rs = .75, p = .005). Conclusion: This study contributes to the understanding of how health visitors make assessments of mother-infant interactions. The frequent lack of attention and reference to the baby's behaviour suggests an area for further training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author reflects on the abuse of children by members of religious groups and particularly within religious institutions. It also discusses various news papers considering child and institutional abuse, using publicly available evidence after legal investigations. McLoone-Richards and David Pilgrim express their views in their news papers. It concludes that the person who has been abused in their childhood should be listened to, taken seriously, and given the support and care they require.

Background: Antibiotics savelives and have been effectively and reliably used for decades to treat infections and improve health outcomes. This trust in antibiotics has contributed to over prescribing and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. Significant amounts of antibiotics are still widely prescribed and taken, especially in young children. However, there is a paucity of existing literature relating to how mothers, who are the main carers of young children, may be influenced by their trust in antibiotics. Aims: To explore what factors influence mothers' decisions to seek antibiotics for their young children. Design: Qualitative case study using postcode boundaries. Methods: Thematic analysis of qualitative data from mothers of children under 5, recruited via community playgroups within the case. Data were collected between October 2018 and May 2019, from six focus groups (n = 19) and one‐to‐one interviews (n = 14). Thematic analysis of the data consisted of six phases: data familiarization; generating initial codes; searching for themes; reviewing themes; defining and naming themes; and producing the report. Results: Mothers were influenced by their belief and trust in antibiotics. Antibiotics were identified as symbolic of recovery, healing and of providing protection and safety. Conclusion: By understanding the symbolic power of antibiotics on maternal decision making, all antibiotic prescribers may be able to offer and provide reassuring alternative and acceptable treatment options to mothers, rather than using antibiotics. Impact This paper introduces the concept of antibiotics as powerful symbols which influence antibiotic seeking behaviour. This in turn may result in inappropriate use of antibiotics which contributes to the risk of antimicrobial resistance developing. Although the majority of antibiotics are still prescribed by doctors, the number of nurse prescribers has been increasing. Therefore, an increased awareness of antibiotic symbolism, in all prescribing clinicians, is important to enable future local and national strategies to be developed, to support maternal decision making and reduce antibiotic seeking behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses various reports published within the issue, including one by Davidson et al. on the importance of establishing effective inter-agency working between children’s services and adult mental health services, one by Khadj Rouf et al. on the relationship between adult mental health and child welfare services and one by Margaret Bruce and Helen Whincup on the education and qualification of social workers in Scotland.

The article discusses various reports published within the issue, including one by Bernie Carter on efforts a British borough council made to address the challenge of what defines adequate child care, one by June Slee on the views that Australia's Department of Health and Families has on the failure to send children to school and one by Shanti Raman et al. on the ability of Australian clinicians to detect child abuse and neglect.

AimThis study set out to examine how Primary Care Organisations (PCOs) in England manage, organise and deliver their safeguarding children responsibilities.BackgroundIn the light of changing organisational configurations across primary care, a wealth of policy directives and a climate of extensive media attention around child protection, this paper focuses on how PCOs respond to national policy and deliver safeguarding children services.MethodThis study, based in England, United Kingdom (UK), used a telephone survey method incorporating semi-structured qualitative interviews with Designated Child Protection Nurses. A maximum variation sampling strategy was used to identify two to three PCOs within each of the original 28 Strategic Health Authority sites. From the 64 PCOs approached, 60 Designated Nurses or their representatives agreed to participate in the research, with a response rate of 94%. Data analysis was informed primarily by Lincoln and Guba's (1985) three stages of a) unitising, b) categorising and c) pattern search.FindingsThe findings outline how and to what extent PCOs respond to the national policy and organise and deliver their child protection services. The paper highlights some of the key challenges facing PCOs, in particular, safeguarding moving off the primary care agenda, child protection staff recruitment difficulties, a proliferation and overload of policy, resource implications for additional staff training, challenges to collaborative working, high referral thresholds to social care services and cutbacks in public health nursing services. This paper concludes by offering some suggestions about how child protection services could be improved as primary care faces another major reorganisation with the demise of Primary Care Trusts in April 2013. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article discusses various reports published within the issue, including one by Svien Aril Vis et al. on child protection in Norway, one by Kirsten Stalker and Katherine McArthur on disabled children and child abuse and one by Kate Morris and Marie Conolly on the role that family engagement plays in child protection.

The article discusses various reports published within the issue, including one by Karen Winter on the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Children, one by Sarah Krähenbühl on effective communication with children in legal proceedings and one by Charlotte Ritchie and Ann Buchanan on the relationship between negative parenting styles and psychological problems in young people.

The article discusses various reports published within the issue including one by Sophia Butt on the association between childhood physical and sexual abuse and subsequent illicit drug use amongst males in clinical and community populations, one by Margaret Sanapo and Yashuhide Nakamura on Filipino children's experiences of physical punishment and one by Adam Zolotor on corporal punishment.

The article discusses various reports published within the issue including one by Mark Fitzpatrick on child abuse in Great Britain, one by Jennifer Davidson on residential child care and one by Robin Sen on social work with children.

The article discusses various reports published within the issue including one by Mike Freel on the communication that takes place between health professionals and children's social services regarding child abuse, one by Jill Bryant and Patricia Baldwin on child abuse reporting by educators and one by Lisa Bunting on the non-reporting of child abuse by professionals.

The author discusses methodological issues associated with research on child abuse. She speaks of study design and the implementation of associated research as a way of introducing papers in the issue from global sources on the nature of the research process. With each paper mentioned, the author highlights aspects that regard the research process, such as basic concepts underlying the research, methodological limitations that undermine reported conclusions, and perspective on the prevalence of child abuse.

The author reflects on the identification of safeguarding practices against child abuse and the basis for them in the September 2009 issue. She discusses several reports published within the issue including one on the evidence for safeguarding practices by Marjorie Keys, a critique of the report "The Protection of Children in England: A Progress Report," by Jennifer Driscoll, and one on non-accidental injuries by Clare Onyon and colleagues.

An introduction is presented to articles published in the May 2009 issue of "Child Abuse Review," including "Training the Workforce Following a Serious Case Review: Lessons Learnt From a Death by Fabricated and Induced Illness," by Jan Horwath and Wade Tidbury, "Report on the Implementation and Evaluation of an Interprofessional Learning Programme for Inter-agency Child Protection Teams," by Alison Watkin, Susanne Lindqvist, Jane Black, and Fiona Watts, and "Survey of Health Recommendations Arising from 2006 Working Together Chapter 8 Serious Case Reviews. How to Achieve Better Learning?" by Helen Hyland and Charles Holme.

The author reflects on some notable instances of child maltreatment, specifically leading to death, and how poor treatment of children can lead to negative behavior and development as they grow older. The author suggests that parents and practitioners become familiar with a large body of cases on child abuse in order to understand the full repercussions and consequences of the various forms of child abuse. The author also mentions some of the papers found in the issue, including one about how socio-psychological development is affected when abuse and neglect are reduced.

The article discusses various manuscripts published within the issue, including one by Sue Richardson, which compares the narratives of survivors of child sexual abuse with professional and societal narratives and another by John Devaney on a research study evaluating the opinions of child welfare professionals on families with long term needs in Northern Ireland.

Abstract: Background: Accurate assessment of family health need is a core health visiting skill, requiring considerable knowledge and expertise. To date, there has been only limited empirical examination of the types of knowledge and ways of knowing which are likely to influence health visiting practice during family health needs assessments. Objectives: This paper will present a detailed analysis of health visiting assessment processes and will explicate some of the many elements associated with the processes of identifying and assessing family health needs. Design: An in-depth case study was undertaken to explore health visiting practice across three study sites. The focus of interest was to attempt to understand the factors that may influence a health visitor in making a professional judgement to offer a family extra support. Settings: The study was conducted in three community Trust case sites in England, UK. Methods and participants: The study was informed by a constructivist methodology. Data collection took place during 56 observed home visits to families receiving increased health visiting support and intervention. Following the home visits separate in-depth interviews were undertaken with the health visitors and the clients. Results/Conclusions: This paper will explicate some of the many elements associated with the processes of identifying and assessing family health needs. It endeavours to unravel some of the complexity and intricacies of these processes and provide insights into health visitors’ practical ‘know-how’. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article discusses various reports published within the issue, including one by Jane Batchelor which concerns the need for interprofessional groups of practitioners to create terminology and language in relation to the child abuse field.