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U okviru parazitologije poslednjih decenija u Srbiji gotovo isključivo su se izučavale infekcije prouzrokovane endoparazitima krvi, digestivnog i respiratornog sistema, kao i artropode – ektoparaziti kože ili pak vektori oboljenja različite etiologije. U skladu sa time, favorizovane su koprološke, hematološke i dermatološke metode dijagnostike. Urološkim metodama nije se pridavao poseban značaj, jer se polazilo od pretpostavke da na ovom području ne postoje preduslovi za infekciju domaćih životinja parazitima urinarnog sistema. Globalno zagrevanje, povećanje prosečne temperature i obilne padavine, kao i povećana mobilnost ljudi i životinja uslovili su stvaranje povoljnih uslova za pojavu, održavanje i širenje infekcija koje ranije nisu bile prisutne. Izvesna parazitološka ispitivanja divljih životinja rezultirala su prvim nalazom nematode Capillaria plica 2019. godine kod crvenih lisica sa područja Kolubarskog okruga. Kasnije je utvrđeno prisustvo i potvrđena dijagnoza urinarne kapilarioze kod lovačkih pasa u različitim delovima Srbije. Ovaj nalaz podstakao je produžetak istraživanja mogućeg prisustva drugih nematoda urinarnog sistema divljih i domaćih mesojeda. Jedna od njih je i vrsta Dioctophyma renale, koja poseduje visok zoonozni potencijal. Zbog rizika koje D. renale može imati po zdravlje vlasnika inficiranih pasa i mogućnosti da njeno prisustvo ne bude zapaženo, potrebno je doktorima veterinarske medicine u maloj praksi i na terenu sugerisati da u diferencijalnoj dijagnostici parazitskih infekcija i oboljenja urinarnog trakta mesojeda obrate pažnju i na ove helmintoze.

Nosema ceranae, a microsporidium species, is among the most common causes of bee diseases. The positive effect of Agaricus bisporus mushroom extract on the survival and immunity of Nosema-infected bees has been reported recently. The effect could be achieved by stimulating the expression of immune-related genes, but also by suppressing nosemosis. The aim of this work was to determine the effect of A. bisporus extract on the oxidative status of bees infected with N. ceranae. In a cage experiment on newly hatched bees, the effect of aqueous extract of champignon (A. bisporus, strain A15) was investigated. Six groups were formed: three groups were infected and received A. bisporus extract through food at different times (days 1, 3, and 6 after hatching), one group received the extract but was not infected (treatment control), one was only infected with Nosema (positive control) and one was neither infected nor received the extract (negative control). The effects were examined on samples taken on days 7 and 15 of the study. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) and the concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined. In comparison to the positive control, the enzyme activities and MDA concentrations were significantly lower in the groups fed with the mushroom extract supplement. In the negative control, the level of oxidative stress was lower than in the positive control. In comparison with the other groups, the values mostly did not differ significantly. The oxidative status of bees infected with N. ceranae was significantly better if they were fed with the A. bisporus extract.

Kućni ljubimci danas često poprimaju status člana porodice, a interakcije vlasnika i životinja su prisnije nego što su bile u prošlosti. Međutim, različite studije pokazale su da vlasnici nisu dovoljno informisani o postojanju infekcija uzrokovanih parazitima. Koncept „Jedno zdravlje” podrazumeva multidisciplinarno delovanje na tri nivoa – očuvanje zdravlja ljudi i životinja i očuvanje životne sredine. U vezi sa time, značajno je što većina vrsta parazita ima veoma otporne razvojne oblike u spoljašnjoj sredini, koja predstavlja izvor infekcije za životinje i/ili ljude. Zbog velike gustine naseljenosti i ograničenog prostora, problem kontaminacije parazitima i/ili njihovim preparazitskim stadijumima naročito je izražen u gradskim sredinama. Sa druge strane, u ruralnim oblastima javljaju se parazitske infekcije u čijem ciklusu razvoja učestvuju domaće životinje koje se gaje radi proizvodnje mesa, čovek i pas. Rizik od infekcije zavisi od vrste parazita, njegove otpornosti u spoljašnjoj sredini, puteva prenošenja, načina držanja životinja i sprovođenja preventivnih i zdravstvenih mera. Problem u svakodnevnoj praksi predstavlja i nepravilna primena antiparazitika. Ovakvi postupci doprinose razvoju rezistencije na antihelmintike i stvaraju rizik od održavanja i širenja infekcija, prvenstveno protozoarne etiologije, na koje ovi preparati ne deluju. Kako bi se u potpunosti očuvao koncept „Jednog zdravlja”, veterinari imaju ključnu ulogu u edukaciji vlasnika o potencijalnim rizicima, pravilnom sprovođenju prevencije i zdravstvene zaštite ljubimaca, ali i o odgovornom vlasništvu.

Prirodna jedinjenja, koja imaju brojna farmakodinamska dejstva, mogu biti ključ za rešenje problema rezistencije parazita na antiparazitske lekove, koja je sve češće prisutna i opisivana u stručnoj i naučnoj literaturi. Poslednjih decenija postoji veliko interesovanje za ispitivanje farmakodinamskih i hemijskih karakteristika pčelinjih proizvoda koji su izvor prirodnih bioaktivnih supstanci. Dokazano je da ovi proizvodi mogu ispoljiti raznolike pozititivne efekte u organizmu ljudi i životinja. Pčelinji proizvodi ‐ propolis, apitoksin, polen i med ‐ mogu imati i izvesno antiparazitsko dejstvo protiv određenih vrsta protozoa i helminata. Lekovita svojstva navedenih proizvoda uslovljena su prisustvom i koncentracijom određenih hemijskih supstanci, koji se razlikuju u zavisnosti od geografskog porekla i florističkog sastava u određenom regionu, na šta ukazuju regionalne varijacije u njihovom antiparazitskom delovanju. Pretpostavlja se da postoji nekoliko mogućih mehanizama kojim pčelinji proizvodi deluju protiv infekcija prouzrokovanih parazitima. To su: aktiviranje makrofaga koji ubijaju parazite stvaranjem reaktivnih kiseoničnih i azotnih vrsta (propolis, polen); inhibicija angiogeneze u inficiranom tkivu (propolis); različiti imunomodulatorni efekti; indukovanje mehanizama apoptoze u ćelijama parazita (propolis, med); sprečavanje prodiranja parazita u ćeliju domaćina formiranjem fizičke barijere ili inhibiranjem proteina i enzima neophodnih za invaziju parazita (propolis); narušavanje integriteta membrana i organela ćelija parazita (propolis). Ključnu ulogu u ostvarivanju ovih efekata igraju flavonoidi i fenolna jedinjenja sadržana u propolisu, polenu, medu i apitoksinu. Istraživanja izvedena većinom in vitro i na eksperimentalnim životinjama dokazala su antiparazitsku efikasnost pojedinih pčelinjih proizvoda. Ukoliko se ovaj potencijal potvrdi daljim ispitivanjima, može se očekivati da će se bioaktivne komponente izolovane iz pčelinj

Highly mucoid Streptococcus uberis were isolated on blood agar from five milk samples originating from two dairy cow farms. All the isolates were CAMP test and esculin hydrolysis negative. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) following prior extraction with 70% formic acid was used for identification to the species level. Given that it is plausible that such strains could be isolated in the future from dairy cows by laboratories in Serbia and the Balkans, we consider this case report to be a useful instruction for veterinary bacteriology laboratories.

Given the influence of retentio secundinarum (RS) on the reproductive performance of cows, the current work aimed to assess the effect of various approaches to the treatment of retained placenta on the main reproductive parameters, primarily on the interval from parturition to the first service, and the insemination index. The trial involved 120 dairy cows in which the placenta was not expelled within 24 h postpartum. The first group (G1, n=60) contained cows in which the retained placenta was not extirpated, but they were administered antibiotics. The second group (G2, n=60) comprised cows in which the placenta was removed manually, and were also administered antibiotics. At the end of the study, 53 cows remained in G1 and 54 cows in G2. According to medicament therapy, both groups were divided into three sub-groups treated with: procaine benzylpenicillin, chlortetracycline hydrochloride or ceftiofur. Comparison of the performance of G1 and G2 cows showed significantly better fertility parameters occurred in the animals from which the retained placenta was extracted manually. The pregnancy rate in the G2 group was remarkably higher than in the G1 group. The average service interval was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the G2 group compared to the G1 group. The best results were obtained with the i.m. administration of ceftiofur after the removal of the placenta.

It has been established that some clones of pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli ST131, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) tend to spread worldwide. Th erefore, epidemiological surveys have been conducted to identify the source of infection and to break the chain of infection. In this article, it was pointed out that common international clones of Salmonella are represented with the serotypes Typhimurium, Kentucky, Infantis and Enteritidis. Serovars Typhimurium and Kentucky display multidrug-resistant phenotypes more frequently. Several sequence types of E. coli and the international clone ST131 are described, including clades C1 and C2 with the extended-spectrum cephalosporinresistance genes (blaCTX-M-15 or blaCTX-M-27). Th ese pathogens are oft en found in both humans and animals. It is noted that Staphylococcus aureus became resistant to methicillin almost instantly aft er its introduction into clinical practice. Soon aft erwards, MRSA found its way to farm animals and wildlife. Th e cycles of infection are bidirectional: humans can disseminate MRSA in the environment but animals may also be sources of infection for humans. Comprehensive work has been done by epidemiologists to introduce all necessary measures to eliminate MRSA from hospitals. Also, much eff ort has been made in MRSA control to prevent infections on animal farms and contamination in the primary food production chain. As the struggle with pathogenic bacteria continues, we face the incessant threat of new resistance and virulence mechanisms, which bacteria use to resist the hostile environment and enhance their survival in their natural habitats including humans and animals. Th erefore, the capacity of certain bacteria to spread due to their virulence mechanisms and resistance phenotypes is presented, and a brief description of the research conducted in Serbia is included.

The aim of the current research was to assess the effects of the feed additive made of lyophilised melon juice (source of superoxide dismutase, SOD) and inactivated live Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain R397) cells added to the feed via the product containing high levels of organically bound selenium (source of selenium-dependant glutathione peroxidase, Se-GPx) on the semen quality of bulls in heat stress conditions. The 15 bulls chosen for the experiment were assigned to three equal groups (control-group C; treated group M, given the source of SOD; and group A, treated with the source of Se-GPx). The research was conducted in summer. The activities of SOD and Se-GPx in seminal plasma were determined spectrophotometrically. Computer-assisted semen analysis was done to determine the sperm counts, motility and velocity. The temperature and humidity were recorded with a digital data logger. The average SOD activity in the control bulls was significantly lower than in M (p<0.001) and A (p<0.001), whilst the average activities in the treated groups did not differ significantly (p=0.784). Higher average SOD activity compared to the control in the treated groups showed that both feed additives increased the antioxidative capacity of the seminal fluid. The average GPx activity in the control was significantly lower than in groups A (p=0.001) and M (p=0.005), whilst the two treatments did not lead to significantly different results (p=0.701). The analysis of relations between the activity of each enzyme and sperm motility and progressive motility in each of the bulls failed to detect a significant correlation. The analysis of the relation between THI (temperature-humidity index) and the activity of the antioxidative enzymes revealed that the increase in THI coincided with the decrease in the SOD activity in the control group, but with its increase in the treated groups (p>0.05). In all of the three groups with the increase in THI there was an increase in GPx activity (p>0.05

Given the influence of retentio secundinarum (RS) on the reproductive performance of cows, the current work aimed to assess the effect of various approaches to the treatment of retained placenta on the main reproductive parameters, primarily on the interval from parturition to the first service, and the insemination index. The trial involved 120 dairy cows in which the placenta was not expelled within 24 h postpartum. The first group (G1, n=60) contained cows in which the retained placenta was not extirpated, but they were administered antibiotics. The second group (G2, n=60) comprised cows in which the placenta was removed manually, and were also administered antibiotics. At the end of the study, 53 cows remained in G1 and 54 cows in G2. According to medicament therapy, both groups were divided into three sub-groups treated with: procaine benzylpenicillin, chlortetracycline hydrochloride or ceftiofur. Comparison of the performance of G1 and G2 cows showed significantly better fertility parameters occurred in the animals from which the retained placenta was extracted manually. The pregnancy rate in the G2 group was remarkably higher than in the G1 group. The average service interval was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the G2 group compared to the G1 group. The best results were obtained with the i.m. administration of ceftiofur after the removal of the placenta., Uzimajući u obzir uticaj RS (retentio secundinarum) na reproduktivne performanse krava, cilj ovog rada je bio da se proceni efekat različitih pristupa lečenju zadržane posteljice na glavne reproduktivne parametre, pre svega na interval od porođaja do koncepcije i indeks osemenjavanja. U ispitivanju je učestvovalo 120 muznih krava kod kojih nije došlo do izbacivanja posteljice 24 sata nakon porođaja. Prva grupa (G1, n = 60) uključivala je krave kod kojih zadržana placenta nije manuelno uklanjana, već je terapija podrazumevala samo aplikaciju antibiotika. Drugu grupu (G2, n = 60) činile su krave kojima je posteljica odstranjena manuelno i uz to primenjena antibiotska terapija. Do kraja eksperimenta je u prvoj oglednoj grupi ostalo 53 krave, a u drugoj grupi 54 krave. Prema vrsti medikamentozne terapije, obe grupe su podeljene u tri podgrupe i lečene su prokain-benzilpenicilinom, hlortetraciklin hidrohloridom i ceftiofurom. Upoređivanjem reproduktivnih performansi prve i druge grupe krava, primetni su značajno bolji parametri plodnosti kod životinja kojima je manuelno izvađena zadržana posteljica i kojima su uz to aplikovani antibiotici. Broj gravidnih životinja u G2 grupi bio veći u odnosu na G1 grupu. Prosečno trajanje servis perioda bilo je statistički značajno kraće (p<0,05) u G2 grupi u poređenju sa G1 grupom. Najbolji rezultati postignuti su i.m. primenom ceftiofura nakon uklanjanja placente.

Given the influence of retentio secundinarum (RS) on the reproductive performance of cows, the current work aimed to assess the effect of various approaches to the treatment of retained placenta on the main reproductive parameters, primarily on the interval from parturition to the first service, and the insemination index. The trial involved 120 dairy cows in which the placenta was not expelled within 24 h postpartum. The first group (G1, n=60) contained cows in which the retained placenta was not extirpated, but they were administered antibiotics. The second group (G2, n=60) comprised cows in which the placenta was removed manually, and were also administered antibiotics. At the end of the study, 53 cows remained in G1 and 54 cows in G2. According to medicament therapy, both groups were divided into three sub-groups treated with: procaine benzylpenicillin, chlortetracycline hydrochloride or ceftiofur. Comparison of the performance of G1 and G2 cows showed significantly better fertility parameters occurred in the animals from which the retained placenta was extracted manually. The pregnancy rate in the G2 group was remarkably higher than in the G1 group. The average service interval was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the G2 group compared to the G1 group. The best results were obtained with the i.m. administration of ceftiofur after the removal of the placenta., Uzimajući u obzir uticaj RS (retentio secundinarum) na reproduktivne performanse krava, cilj ovog rada je bio da se proceni efekat različitih pristupa lečenju zadržane posteljice na glavne reproduktivne parametre, pre svega na interval od porođaja do koncepcije i indeks osemenjavanja. U ispitivanju je učestvovalo 120 muznih krava kod kojih nije došlo do izbacivanja posteljice 24 sata nakon porođaja. Prva grupa (G1, n = 60) uključivala je krave kod kojih zadržana placenta nije manuelno uklanjana, već je terapija podrazumevala samo aplikaciju antibiotika. Drugu grupu (G2, n = 60) činile su krave kojima je posteljica odstranjena manuelno i uz to primenjena antibiotska terapija. Do kraja eksperimenta je u prvoj oglednoj grupi ostalo 53 krave, a u drugoj grupi 54 krave. Prema vrsti medikamentozne terapije, obe grupe su podeljene u tri podgrupe i lečene su prokain-benzilpenicilinom, hlortetraciklin hidrohloridom i ceftiofurom. Upoređivanjem reproduktivnih performansi prve i druge grupe krava, primetni su značajno bolji parametri plodnosti kod životinja kojima je manuelno izvađena zadržana posteljica i kojima su uz to aplikovani antibiotici. Broj gravidnih životinja u G2 grupi bio veći u odnosu na G1 grupu. Prosečno trajanje servis perioda bilo je statistički značajno kraće (p<0,05) u G2 grupi u poređenju sa G1 grupom. Najbolji rezultati postignuti su i.m. primenom ceftiofura nakon uklanjanja placente.

The aim of the current research was to assess the effects of the feed additive made of lyophilised melon juice (source of superoxide dismutase, SOD) and inactivated live Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain R397) cells added to the feed via the product containing high levels of organically bound selenium (source of selenium-dependant glutathione peroxidase, Se-GPx) on the semen quality of bulls in heat stress conditions. The 15 bulls chosen for the experiment were assigned to three equal groups (control –group C; treated group M, given the source of SOD; and group A, treated with the source of Se-GPx). The research was conducted in summer. The activities of SOD and SeGPx in seminal plasma were determined spectrophotometrically. Computer-assisted semen analysis was done to determine the sperm counts, motility and velocity. The temperature and humidity were recorded with a digital data logger. The average SOD activity in the control bulls was significantly lower than in M (p<0.001) and A (p<0.001), whilst the average activities in the treated groups did not differ significantly (p=0.784). Higher average SOD activity compared to the control in the treated groups showed that both feed additives increased the antioxidative capacity of the seminal fluid. The average GPx activity in the control was significantly lower than in groups A (p=0.001) and M (p=0.005), whilst the two treatments did not lead to significantly different results (p=0.701). The analysis of relations between the activity of each enzyme and sperm motility and progressive motility in each of the bulls failed to detect a significant correlation. The analysis of the relation between THI (temperaturehumidity index) and the activity of the antioxidative enzymes revealed that the increase in THI coincided with the decrease in the SOD activity in the control group, but with its increase in the treated groups (p>0.05). In all of the three groups with the increase in THI there was an increase in GPx activity (p>0.05), Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitivanje efekta liofi lizovanog preparata voćne pulpe dinje (izvor superoksid dismutase – SOD) i inaktivisanih živih ćelija kvasca Sacharomycess cere-visae (soj R397) dodatih u hranu kroz preparat koji sadrži visok nivo organski vezanog selena (izvor selen zavisne glutation-peroksidaze – Se-GPx) na kvalitet semena bikova u uslovima toplotnog stresa. U ogledje bilo uključeno 15 bikova podeljenih u tri grupe (kontrolna – C grupa, ogledna grupa-M kojoj je dodavan izvor SOD – i ogledna grupa – A tretirana izvorom Se-GPx). Ogled je sproveden u letnjem periodu. Aktivnosti SOD i Se-GPx u seminalnoj plazmi određivane su spektofotometrijski. Za utvrđivanje koncentracija spermatozoida, pokretljivosti i brzinskih parametara korišćena je CASA (computer-assisted semen analysis), a za merenje temeperature i vlažnosti koristili smo digi-talni data loger.Prosečna aktivnost SOD u kontrolnoj grupi bikova bila je značajno niža od one u M grupi (p<0,001) i A grupi (p<0,001), dok se prosečne vrednosti u tretiranim grupama nisu međusobno značajno razlikovale (p=0,784). Više prosečne vrednosti SOD su u tretiranim grupama u odnosu na kontrolnu ukazuju da su oba dodatka hrani povećala antioksidativni kapacitet semene plazme. Prosečna aktivnost GPx za kontrolnu grupu je bila značajno niža nego u A (p=0,001) i M grupi bikova (p=0.005), dok se među-sobno M i A grupa nisu značajno razlikovale (p=0,701). Analizom korelacije između aktivnosti svakog od enzima i procenta pokretljivih i progresivno pokretljivih sperma-tozoida kod svakog bika ponaosob nije ustanovljena značajna povezanost. Analizom veze između THI (temperature-humidity index) i aktivnosti antioksidativnih enzima uočeno je da je sa porastom THI u kontrolnoj grupi došlo do smanjenja aktivnosti SOD, dok je u tretiranim grupama nastalo povećanje aktivnosti SOD (p>0.05). U sve tri grupe bikova povećanjem THI povećavala se i aktivnost GPx (p>0.05). Može se zaključiti da je kod sve tri grupe bikova došlo do

Eight lovebirds of both sexes and different age were admitted showing alterations in behaviour and apathy. During the initial examination delamination of the beak was noted in all birds and discrete areas of alopecia in three of eight birds. Based on clinical experience, molecular diagnostic on PBFD, sequencing of obtained amplicons, and histopathological examination were performed. All birds tested positive on the presence of PBFD virus, despite the fact they did not exhibit expected clinical signs for PBFD. Sequencing results showed 100% match with sequences previously isolated from parrots with PBFD exhibiting classical PBFD manifestation. Histopathological examination showed similar findings as in previously described cases of PBFD in parrots. Other studies on psittacine birds correlate clinical manifestations and nucleotide variations with geographic localization. Our results indicate that the clinical manifestation of the disease is more dependent on bird species than on the genetic variation of the virus or the geographical distribution., Osam rozenkolisa oba pola različite starosti su primljeni na pregled zbog uočenih promena u ponašanju i apatije. Tokom inicijalnog pregleda kod svih ptica je uočena delaminacija kljuna, a kod tri jedinke bila su prisutna i diskretna polja alopecije. Na osnovu kliničkog iskustva postavljena je sumnja na oboljenje bolest kljuna i perja te je urađena molekularna dijagnostika na pristutvo virusa bolesti kljuna i perja, sekvencioniranje dobijenih amplifikata i patohistološko ispitivanje. Rezultati ispitivanja su potvrdili prisustvo virusa u uzorcima od svih ispitivanih jedinki, poklapanje nukleotidnih sekvecni od 100% sa uzorcima od drugih ptica sa drugačijom kliničkom slikom, a patohistološke promene su identične onima opisanim kod bolesti kljuna i perja. Studije brojnih autora povezivale su kliničku manifestaciju bolesti sa nukleotidnim varijacijama ili geografskom lokalizacijom. Međutim, opisani rezultati bi mogli da ukazuju da je kliničko ispoljavanje bolesti više zavisno od vrste domaćina nego od genotipa virusa koji bolest izaziva i od teritorije na kojoj se bolest ispoljava.

Apart from the efficiency of coumaphos against Varroa mites, its impact on the oxidative status and survival of the honey bee (Apis mellifera) was assessed. The research was conducted on hives from the same apiary, equalised regarding the number of bees, brood area and food storage. Based on Varroa infestation the hives were allotted to two groups: Non-infested (N) and infested (I). Both groups were either treated (T)-NT and IT, or untreated (U)-NU and IU. The treatment of infested bees was controlled with a follow-up treatment with amitraz. The efficiency of coumaphos was 96-97%. This organophosphate had a negligible effect on bee survival, but it significantly affected their oxidative status: Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities, and the concentrations of malonyl dialdehyde (MDA). Coumaphos significantly (pË 0.0001) decreased SOD activity in non-infested bees, but increased it in those infested. By contrast, both CAT and GST activities, as well as MDA concentrations significantly increased (from pË 0.05 to pË 0.0001) after treatment in all groups, with the exception of IT, where it declined. Coumaphos in non-infested hives caused oxidative stress per se, not unlike varroa in infested colonies. However, in infested colonies it decreased oxidative stress, owing to its efficacy against Varroa mites and contributed to the recovery of bee colonies. In spite of its certain downsides, coumaphos remains an effective anti-varroa substance, but should be used with precaution, not to add to the effects of environmental factors which may cause red-ox misbalance., Procenjivana je efikasnost kumafosa protiv varoe, kao i njegov uticaj na oksidativni status i preživljavanje medonosne pčele (Apis mellifera). Ispitivanje je obavljeno na košnicama iz istog pčelinjaka, ujednačenim po broju pčela, površini legla i količini uskladištene hrane. Na osnovu infestacije varoom, košnice su podeljene u dve grupe: neinfestirane (N) i infestirane (I). Obe grupe su bile ili tretirane (T) – NT i IT, ili netretirane (U) – NU i IU. Tretman infestiranih društava je kontrolisan naknadnom primenom amitraza. Efikasnost kumafosa iznosila je 96-97%. Ovaj organofosfat imao Zikic et al.: Anti-varroa efficiency of coumaphos and its influence on oxidative stress and survival of honey bees 373 je zanemarljiv efekat na preživljavanje pčela, ali je značajno uticao na njihov oksidativni status: aktivnosti superoksid-dismutaze (SOD), katalaze (CAT) i glutation Stransferaze (GST), i koncentracije malonil-dialdehida (MDA). Kumafos je značajno (p˂0,0001) smanjio aktivnost SOD kod neinfestiranih pčela, ali ju je povećao kod infestiranih. Za razliku od toga, aktivnosti CAT i GST, kao i koncentracije MDA značajno su se povećale (od p˂0,05 do p˂0,0001) posle tretmana u svim grupama, sa izuzetkom IT, u kojoj su opale. Kumafos je sam po sebi u neinfestiranim društvima prouzrokovao oksidativni stres kod pčela, slično kao Varroa u infestiranim. Međutim, u infestiranim košnicama on je smanjio oksidativni stress zahvaljujući efikasnosti protiv varoe, čime je doprineo oporavku društava. Uprkos određenim nedostacima, kumafos ostaje efikasna supstanca u borbi protiv varoe, ali ga treba koristiti sa oprezom, da bi se izbeglo dodatno opterećenje pčela prouzrokovano faktorima sredine koji mogu da izazovu red-oks neravnotežu.

The aim of the research was to evaluate the carcass characteristics and meat quality from chickens fed on diets in which fish meal was substituted with raw earthworms (Lumbricus rubellus) or earthworm meal. In the trial which lasted 42-days, 100 one-day-old Hybro broilers were divided into the control and three experimental groups. The control group was fed on standard broiler feed, the first (E-I) and the second experimental groups (E-II) were fed a diet in which 50% or 100% of fish meal was substituted with earthworm meal, respectively, whilst the third group (E-III) consumed feed without fish meal, but was given raw chopped earthworms ad libitum from day 1 to day 42. The replacement of fish meal with fresh earthworms resulted in significantly lower carcass weights in the E-III group in comparison with the control group (p<0.05). The differences in drumstick, thigh and breast meat share relative to the carcass mass were not significant (p>0.05). The lowest fat content in thigh and breast meat was in the group in which fish meal was replaced with earthworm meal. The lightness (L*) of thigh and breast meat was highest in the broilers fed fresh earthworms ad libitum. No significant differences in pH value were detected between the experimental groups (p>0.05). The most consumer acceptable were drumstick samples from E-II group and the least acceptable samples from the control group. Earthworm meal may be considered an adequate substitute for fish meal in broiler chickens diet since it does not impair the production performance, carcass yield and meat quality.

Commercially and traditionally managed bees were compared for oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and malondialdehyde (MDA)), the prevalence of parasites (Lotmaria passim, Crithidia mellificae and Nosema ceranae/apis) and social immunity (glucose oxidase gene expression). The research was conducted on Pester plateau (Serbia—the Balkan Peninsula), on seemingly healthy colonies. Significant differences in CAT, GST and SOD activities (p < 0.01), and MDA concentrations (p < 0.002) were detected between commercial and traditional colonies. In the former, the prevalence of both L. passim and N. ceranae was significantly (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively) higher. For the first time, L. passim was detected in honey bee brood. In commercial colonies, the prevalence of L. passim was significantly (p < 0.01) lower in brood than in adult bees, whilst in traditionally kept colonies the prevalence in adult bees and brood did not differ significantly. In commercially kept colonies, the GOX gene expression level was significantly (p < 0.01) higher, which probably results from their increased need to strengthen their social immunity. Commercially kept colonies were under higher oxidative stress, had higher parasite burdens and higher GOX gene transcript levels. It may be assumed that anthropogenic influence contributed to these differences, but further investigations are necessary to confirm that.

The influence of various diets on the quality of Apis mellifera queens was assessed. Colonies intended for queen cell production were assigned to four groups fed on (1) sugar-only, (2) mix of sugar, honey and fresh pollen, (3) sugar and pollen substitute (FeedBee?), and (4) natural sources. In addition, a fifth group had queen cells obtained naturally, by swarming. Sugar-only diet exerted a significant (p?

Упркос великом напретку менаџмента, технологије, исхране и терапије, кокцидоза и даље представља једну од најзначајнијих болести у интензивном живинарству. Установљено је да код ове инфекције пилића долази до значајне промене параметара оксидативног стреса, који настаје услед дисбаланса између продукције слободних кисеоничних врста (reactive oxygen species, ROS) и антиоксиданата. Циљеви овог истраживања били су: 1) испитивање утицаја два различита типа антикокцидијских супстанци (робенидин и Хербакокс) на оксидативни стрес код товних пилића инфицираних врстама рода Eimeria, 2) детерминација врста Eimeria које паразитирају код бројлерских пилића применом молекуларногенетичких техника (PCR), 3) установити раширеност супклиничке инфекције на фармама бројлерских пилића, и 4) установити да ли постоји узрочно последична веза између примењених мера биосигурности на фармама и појаве супклиничких и клиничких инфекција кокцидијама. Како би се испитао ефекат кокцидиостатика на окидативни статус товних пилића, формиране је пет група: две нетретиране (неинфицирана и инфицирана) и три третиране антикокцидијским адитивима (инфициране Eimeria spp.). Једна од третираних група пилића је добијала синтетски кокцидиостатик робенидин (Ро), друга биљни - хербакокс (Херб), а трећа комбинцију робенидина и хербакокса (Ро+Херб). Све инфициране групе су у узрасту од 14 дана инфициране ооцистама кокцидија (мешана инфекција). Крв је узоркована 12, 21. и 40. дана и одређиване су активности каталазе (CAT), супероксид дисмутазе (SOD), глутатион-С-трансферазе (GST) и концентрације производа липидне пероксидације – малон-диалдехида (MDA). Мерен је и број ооциста у граму фецеса, телесна маса пилића и степен конверзије хране (FCR). Применом PCR технике детерминисане су врсте Eimeria које паразитирају код бројлерских пилића. Подаци о биосигурносним мерама су добијени помоћу упитника који је попуњаван у време сакупљања узорака фецеса на фармама бројлера..., Despite remarkable advances in management, technology, diet and therapy, coccidiosis remains one of the major diseases in intensive poultry production. It has been detected that in chickens infected with coccidia significant changes in the parameters of oxidative stress develop, which is a consequence of a disbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants. The aims of this research were: 1) investigation into the influence of two different types of anticoccidials (robenidine and Herbakoks) on the oxidative stress in broiler chickens infected with Eimeria, 2) determination of Eimeria species which parasitize broiler chickens with molecular techniques (PCR), 3) assessment of the prevalence of sub-clinical infection on broiler farms, and 4) detection of possible association between biosecurity measures on chicken farms and the emergence of sub-clinical and clinical coccidial infections. To assess the effect of anticoccidials on fattening chickens, five experimental groups were established: two untreated (uninfected and infected) and three treated with anticoccidials (all infected with Eimeria spp.). One of the treated groups was administered robenidine (Ro), the second the herbal anticoccidial Herbakoks (Herb), аnd the third one - the combination of robenidine and Herbakoks (Ro+Herb). All infected groups were inoculated orally with Eimeria oocysts (mixed infection) on day 14 after hatching. The blood was sampled on days 12, 21 and 40 and the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and the concentration of the product of lipid peroxidation - malondialdehyde (MDA) - determined. The number of oocysts per gram of faeces, chicken body weight and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were also measured. Eimeria species detected in broiler chickens were determined using PCR assay. The data on biosecurity measures were obtained in a questionnaire which was filled in when the faeces samples were collected