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Las redes neuronales entran en un campo extenso de la inteligencia artificial, sus funciones son: el aprendizaje relacionado con imágenes, reconocimiento de voz, detección de texto, detección de objetos, detección de idioma, reconocimiento facial, etc. Una red neuronal aprende tareas analizando grandes cantidades de datos, el aprendizaje puede ser supervisado, reforzado o no supervisado. La red neuronal convolucional (CNN) utilizan una jerarquía de características combinando las de bajo nivel con una estructura de capas para formar características de alto nivel. (Rashka & Mirjalili, 2019)Este trabajo se centra en el desarrollo de un software inteligente basado en una CNN, que clasifica imágenes, patrones y texto de fotos tomadas a pozos petroleros, las cuales son evaluadas por medio de métricas de rendimiento, que ayudan a detectar posibles errores, falsas predicciones, suba justes y sobreajustes que pueden llegar a surgir en el aprendizaje automático. El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar cómo se aplica cada una de las métricas de rendimiento para obtener una mejor precisión y exactitud para la clasificación de imágenes utilizando redes neuronales convolucionales.

Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre perspectiva espiritual y afrontamiento ante la muerte en adultos mayores del centro de Guanajuato, México. Método: Estudio cuantitativo, correlacional, de corte transversal, los criterios de selección fueron adultos mayores de 60 años y más, asistentes de dos centros gerontológicos. Muestreo por conveniencia con n=133. Se utilizó la escala de Perspectiva Espiritual, Escala de Bugen de Afrontamiento ante la Muerte y una cédula de datos sociodemográficos para la colecta de datos. Se firmó consentimiento informado. Los datos fueron analizados mediante estadística descriptiva, las variables de estudio mediante correlación de Spearman a través del SPSS versión 25. Resultados principales: La perspectiva espiritual obtuvo una puntuación media de 50.86 y la escala de Bugen de 145.65 puntos. Se realizó correlación de Spearman donde se obtuvo r=.375 y p=.000 (p

El objetivo de la presente investigacion cualitativa, es mostrar los resultados obtenidos al realizar un acompanamiento integral a personas de la tercera edad. El acompanamiento integral, se dio con un equipo formado por un Psicologo, una enfermera y una maestra en Desarrollo humano, el equipo se dio a la tarea de realizar sesiones individuales con los sujetos investigados, una vez a la semana, alternando los profesionistas y una vez en conjunto, durante seis meses. La muestra fueron 20, sujetos del sexo masculino y femenino con una edad promedio de 74 anos. Los resultados muestran que, el acompanamiento facilito la aceptacion de los cambios en la vida cotidiana, el autocuidado, los sujetos pudieron realizar una auto reflexion y darse un tiempo para sanar sus relaciones intra e interpersonales, asi como, poner en orden sus asuntos financieros y patrimoniales. Se concluye en esta primera parte, que el acompanamiento integral es una herramienta que beneficia la salud mental, no solo a las personas de la tercera edad, tambien a su nucleo familiar. Se hace evidente en el sistema de salud, la falta de acompanamiento en esta poblacion, que por las caracteristicas del ciclo vital es ya vulnerable el bienestar mental edad, ya que es una parte fundamental, que permite ayudarlos a tener una mejor calidad de vida, ya que la atencion integral abordar las esferas biologicas psicologicas, social y la espiritual El equipo multidisciplinarios es una herramienta que ayuda a elevar el bienestar de los adultos en esta etapa de la vida. The objective of this qualitative research is to show the results obtained by carrying out an integral accompaniment of elderly people. The integral accompaniment was given with a team formed by a psychologist, a nurse and a teacher in human development, the team was given the task of conducting individual sessions with the subjects investigated, once a week, alternating the professionals and once together, for six months. The sample consisted of 20 male and female subjects with an average age of 74 years. The results show that the accompaniment facilitated the acceptance of changes in daily life, self-care, the subjects were able to make a self-reflection and take time to heal their intra and interpersonal relationships, as well as to put in order their financial and patrimonial affairs.It is concluded in this first part, that the integral accompaniment is a tool that benefits mental health, not only to the elderly, but also to their family nucleus. It is evident in the health system, the lack of accompaniment in this population, which by the characteristics of the life cycle is already vulnerable mental well-being age, since it is a fundamental part, which allows to help them to have a better quality of life, since the comprehensive care address the biological, psychological, social and spiritual spheres. The multidisciplinary team is a tool that helps to raise the welfare of adults at this stage of life.

De entre los trastornos afectivos relacionados con el envejecimiento, la depresión se considera como un factor asociado a causas de la vida cotidiana. El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar la calidad de vida de adultos mayores de la ciudad de Celaya, Guanajuato a través de la Escala FUMAT con la intención de relacionarla con la sintomatología depresiva evaluada mediante la escala CES-D con la intención de conocer el grado de relación entre ambas. Se realizaron 150 aplicaciones, 110 mujeres adultas mayores y 40 hombres. Se obtuvo una rho regular de .668, ya que los resultados indican que existe una correlación negativa en la que las variables se encuentran inversamente relacionadas, es decir, mientras existe una percepción mayor de la calidad de vida los síntomas depresivos son menores.

Las emociones son un elemento central para comprender de la experiencia humana. Con la intención de abonar a tal comprensión, se diseñó el presente estudio orientado al análisis de las emociones básicas relacionadas con el confinamiento por covid-19 y con el regreso a la vida cotidiana. Para lo cual se elaboró una encuesta con 21 ítems, participaron 230 personas, de los cuales el 73.2% fueron mujeres y 26.4% hombres, con edades que oscilaron entre los 22 y los 71 años, la característica central para la elección de dichos participantes fue que se encontrarán laborando antes y en los meses posteriores a la declaración de confinamiento en México. Los resultados describen la existencia de emociones de carácter negativo asociadas con la autopercepción de los participantes; especialmente el miedo como la emoción que más se manifestó (f= 117), seguido de la tristeza y el enojo. Se concluye que en relación con el principio psicológico de adición emocional existe una tendencia negativa hacia los afectos vividos.

To date, only a few studies compared some long-acting injectables (LAIs) antipsychotics showing similar symptom improvement, relapse rates and adherence to treatment. We evaluated the use of LAIs antipsychotics [aripiprazole-1-month (A1M); paliperidone-1-month and 3-month (PP1M and PP3M) and biweekly (2w)-LAIs] and their corresponding oral formulations through (1) the number of hospital re-admissions, (2) the number of documented suicidal behaviour/attempts and (3) the use of concomitant benzodiazepines, oral antipsychotics and biperiden. A total of 277 patients, ≥18 years old, were included if were treated with the corresponding oral or LAI antipsychotic during at least 12 months and were previously diagnosed with schizophrenia. Our results showed that LAIs associated significantly lower suicidal behaviour, reduced the number of hospital admissions, lower diazepam and haloperidol equivalents and mean daily dose of biperiden intake versus oral antipsychotics. Furthermore, significant differences were found between LAIs. Specifically, PP3M was associated to lower hospital admissions versus A1M; PP1M and PP3M lower doses of diazepam equivalents versus 2w-LAIs and finally, PP1M lower antipsychotic intake versus 2w-LAIs. In conclusion, LAIs improved clinical outcomes by reducing the need for concomitant treatments and hospital admissions over oral antipsychotics. PP1M and PP3M showed better outcomes versus A1M and biweekly LAIs.

A detailed, species-specific comprehension of plant water behavior can be a central tool to improve water management in nursery production and irrigated landscapes. Potted plants of Nerium oleander, Pittosporum tobira, and Ligustrum japonicum ‘Texanum’ were exposed to controlled increasing drought conditions in greenhouse. Water use, gas exchange, and foliar thermoregulation were monitored along the trial. N. oleander showed the most efficient response to increasing water stress, maintaining high levels of gas exchange and evapotranspiration rate during the whole trial, whereas L. japonicum emerged as the most sensitive species, with a significant drop in physiological performances already from the second day. The more aggressive water behavior of N. oleander can be compared to the one of anisohydric plants, whereas L. japonicum displays an isohydric strategy. P. tobira showed intermediate characteristics between the two other species. This work comes to provide useful tools for the management of irrigation in plant nursery and for decision making in the use of ornamental shrubs for landscape applications.

Urban green spaces (UGS), like most managed land covers, are getting progressively affected by water scarcity and drought. Preserving, restoring and expanding UGS require sustainable management of green and blue water resources to fulfil evapotranspiration (ET) demand for green plant cover. The heterogeneity of UGS with high variation in their microclimates and irrigation practices builds up the complexity of ET estimation. In oversized UGS, areas too large to be measured with in situ ET methods, remote sensing (RS) approaches of ET measurement have the potential to estimate the actual ET. Often in situ approaches are not feasible or too expensive. We studied the effects of spatial resolution using different satellite images, with high-, medium- and coarse-spatial resolutions, on the greenness and ET of UGS using Vegetation Indices (VIs) and VI-based ET, over a 780-ha urban park in Adelaide, Australia. We validated ET with the ground-based ET method of Soil Water Balance. Three sets of imagery from WorldView2, Landsat and MODIS, and three VIs including the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index 2 (EVI2), were used to assess long-term changes of VIs and ET calculated from the different imagery acquired for this study (2011–2018). We found high correspondence between ET-MODIS and ET-Landsat (R2 > 0.99 for all VIs). Landsat-VIs captured the seasonal changes of greenness better than MODIS-VIs. We used artificial neural network (ANN) to relate the RS-ET and ground data, and ET-MODIS (EVI2) showed the highest correlation (R2 = 0.95 and MSE =0.01 for validation). We found a strong relationship between RS-ET and in situ measurements, even though it was not explicable by simple regressions; black box models helped us to explore their correlation. The methodology used in this research makes a strong case for the value of remote sensing in estimating and managing ET of green spaces in water-limited cities.

Long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIs) have been widely studied in schizophrenia and evidence suggests that they could be also used for the treatment of bipolar and schizoaffective disorders. Nonetheless, there are no studies evaluating their role in other psychiatric disorders. We aimed to evaluate the use of the newest monthly and 3-monthly LAIs—aripiprazole once monthly, paliperidone 1- and 3-monthly (PP1M, PP3M)—against the 2-weekly LAIs, using the following clinical outcomes: (1) the number of hospital re-admissions, (2) the number of documented suicidal behaviors/attempts, and (3) the use of concomitant treatments, including benzodiazepines, oral antipsychotics, and biperiden. A total of 431 patients were included who were treated with the corresponding LAI over at least 12 months and were previously diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder. Statistical analyses were performed using an ANCOVA model, Student’s t test, and the Pearson’s r test. Our results showed significantly decreased re-admissions using PP3M versus the bi-weekly LAIs and aripiprazole once monthly, while no significant differences were found in suicidal behavior. Furthermore, we found a significantly lower intake of benzodiazepines in PP1M and PP3M groups versus the bi-weekly and aripiprazole once-monthly groups. In addition, patients treated with PP1M and PP3M used a significantly lower dose of haloperidol equivalents versus the bi-weekly LAIs group. Finally, significantly higher doses of biperiden were used by the bi-weekly LAIs group. In conclusion, paliperidone LAIs reduced hospital re-admissions and, as aripiprazole once monthly, lowered concomitant psychiatric medication versus the bi-weekly LAIs. Further research and analysis of subgroups are needed; however, these findings might be useful for clinicians.

Melatonin is a neurohormone produced and released by the pineal gland. Neurons placed in the eye surface send a signal when the person is exposed to darkness to the suprachiasmatic nuclei and that prompts melatonin release. This biomolecule is in charge of synchronizing body circadian rhythms such as sleep or hunger. Intense light exposure can avoid its release or healthy rhythm. Apart from that, the scientific literature has suggested that melatonin influences immune system, antioxidant capacity, or cell preservation. Moreover, melatonin can be supplied by dietary food such as grapes, dairy or fermented products. Interestingly, some foods contain a significant amount of melatonin and can be considered as good sources of that bioactive molecule. The information in this chapter will cover melatonin dietary sources, biological capacity, related metabolites, and proven benefits in the human body.

La estimación de la profundidad de socavación local asociada a un período de retorno de 50 y 100 años en un estudio de caso en el puente sobre el río San Pedro, parte de un análisis hidrológico, hidráulico y la aplicación de una simulación unidimensional con Hydrological Engineering Center – River Analysis System. Se valida en la necesidad de realizar un diagnóstico con relación a la presencia de falla hidráulica, considerando la hidrología, sedimentología e hidráulica perenne a la cuenca hidrográfica de la zona de influencia y las condiciones morfométricas actuales de los estribos, evaluando así la profundidad máxima de socavación y, verificando si las especificaciones de diseño hidráulico cumplen con la vigente norma colombiana de diseño de puentes.La profundidad de socavación medida desde el suelo aledaño a la pata del estribo 2,41 m (estribo izquierdo) y 1,95 m (estribo derecho) mediante el método de Froehlich para un período de retorno Tr=100 años, permite concluir que, el empotramiento del estribo (1,5 m) no satisface los requerimientos mínimos de profundidad de 600 mm por debajo de la socavación potencial; por ende, la profundidad de desplante del estribo se encuentra por encima de la línea de socavación estimada que representaría una posible falla hidráulica.

Introducción: la leptospirosis es una enfermedad zoonótica, producida por una bacteria espiroqueta (Leptospira spp.) que tiene más de 200 serovares, la cual produce daño renal. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la prevalencia serológica de Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae en caninos hembras en el municipio de Lejanías, Meta (Colombia). Metodología: con abordaje descriptivo y de asociación se estudiaron 100 hembras caninas procedentes del área rural y el casco urbano del municipio de Lejanías, Meta (Colombia), que fueron llevadas para una campaña de esterilización realizada en noviembre de 2017. Previo examen semiológico, a los individuos se les tomó muestra de sangre para estudio serológico mediante la técnica de aglutinación microscópica (MAT) para Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae. Resultados: se evidenció una seroprevalencia del 1 % de positividad a L. icterohaemorrhagiae a la dilución de 1/200. No se encontró asociación entre el factor edad o procedencia rural o urbana. Sin embargo, con la técnica de chi cuadrado se encontró asociación con los factores de temperatura y color de mucosas (pálidas, ictéricas, cianóticas, hiperémicas o rosadas). Conclusiones: este valor de seropositividad sugiere una posible baja circulación y presencia del agente Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae en el área del estudio. Sin embargo, otras investigaciones que tengan en cuenta las variables estudiadas podrían aportar a explicar las posibles razones de estos valores relativamente bajos cuando se comparan con los resultados disponibles.

The article analyzes the relation between the absence of the male spouse due to migration and the emotional distress of the partner, on the basis of the following question: how are anger and nervousness represented in the experience of long-distance marriages of women from the community of Caxuxi, Hidalgo, Mexico, whose spouses have migrated? Data gathered from interviews and body mapping techniques made possible the in-depth study of this emotional distress and its connection with the body. The fact that women are unable to control these feelings produces sadness and guilt, which, in turn, affects the relationship. The description of how this occurs is one of the main findings of our research.

Quince tree (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) is known for bearing fruits that are rich in nutrients and health-promoting compounds while requiring low inputs of agrochemicals, and maintenance, but no information exists on the mechanisms developed at the level of leaf water relations to confront water stress and recovery. For this reason, the purpose of the present study was to identify the strategy (isohydric or anisohydric) by which quince plants cope with water stress and to further elucidate the resistance mechanisms developed in response to water stress and during recovery. In summer 2016, field-grown own rooted 17-years old quince trees (cv. BA-29) were subjected to two irrigation treatments. Control (T0) plants were drip irrigated (105% ETo) to ensure non-limiting soil water conditions, while T1 plants were irrigated at the same level as used in T0, except that irrigation was withheld for 42 days during the linear fruit growth phase, after which irrigation returned to the levels of T0 (recovery period). During the experimental period, T0 and T1 received a total of 374 and 143 mm water, respectively, including rain water. The quince trees exhibited extreme anisohydric behaviour under the experimental conditions. As water stress developed and during the recovery period, the plants exhibited high hydraulic conductivity, probably the result of resistance to cavitation. From the beginning of water stress to the time of maximum water stress, leaf turgor was maintained, possibly due to active osmotic adjustment (stress tolerance mechanism). This leaf turgor maintenance may have contributed to the high leaf conductance, and, therefore, good leaf productivity. The low quince leaf apoplastic water fraction under water stress could be considered as another drought tolerance characteristic because if the accumulation of water in the apoplasm is avoided a steeper gradient in water potential between the leaf and the soil can take place under water stress, thus favouring water absorption. peerReviewed

In recent decades, wild cherry has been one of the species most widely used for reforestation in Europe. Studies aiming to select and improve trees to give them the best growth rates and wood properties have increased in response to growers’ demands. However, information relating to key physiological processes such as transpiration or stomatal conductance and to the effect of the common practice of pruning on plant–water relations is scarce. The main objective of this study was to assess the effects of environmental conditions on canopy conductance dynamics. Its secondary objective was to examine the short- and medium-term effects of branch pruning on tree transpiration, growth and derived water productivity. To this end, we measured sap flow in an experimental plantation where trees were subjected to drip irrigation and rain-fed conditions and where variables characterizing climate, soil and tree growth were also monitored. The results demonstrated that the Jarvis–Stewart approach was appropriate for studying the responses of canopy conductance to environmental factors. As well as the role of vapour pressure deficit and net radiation in controlling the daily variations of canopy conductance, the single effects of decreasing soil water content (optimum relative extractable water, REW, higher than 0.4) and increasing air temperature (optimum of 21 °C), as summer conditions approached, were correctly incorporated into the modelling exercise. Soil water content exerted the greatest control on canopy conductance for trees growing under rain-fed conditions, while air temperature did for irrigated trees. Pruning significantly reduced transpiration to about 35% when pre- and post-sub-periods were compared, but also affected annual water productivity regardless of the irrigation treatment. To assess the long-term effects of pruning on water productivity, measurements in both pruned and unpruned trees would be desirable. © 2019 Elsevier B.V., This research was financially supported by the GRIFO (AGL2010-21012) and CONSOLIDER-MONTES (CSD 2008-00040) projects. A.J. Molina is beneficiary of a Juan de la Cierva post-doctoral fellowship. A. Galindo is beneficiary of a Ramón Areces foundation post-doctoral fellowship. The field work of Eulalia Serra, Beatriz Grau, Marc Ferrer and Cristian Morales is greatly appreciated. We also want to thank the work of two anonymous reviewers in improving the quality of the manuscript.

10 páginas.--6 figuras.-- 3 tablas.-- 49 referencias, Around the world, the tomato is considered the most important vegetable because of the extent of the cultivated area. In addition, it requires vast amounts of irrigation but little is known about the management of deficit irrigation. This study aims to evaluate the effect of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) on development of crop and fruit quality for cherry tomatoes (ʽLazarinoʼ and ʽSummerbrixʼ). Two different cherry cultivars were used during two crop cycles (autumn and spring). RDI was scheduled with an initial period of no water stress and with a period of deficit from the beginning of the flowering, with a threshold of midday leaf water potential of around −1 MPa. It was found that the response to the irrigation treatment was affected by the season and even by the cluster considered. During the autumn cycle, there were no clear differences in yield despite water stress being mild but still significant. In the spring cycle, yield reduction peaked with different responses between cultivars. Water stress reduced fruit weight and fruit number per cluster in cv Summerbrix, producing a continuous decrease throughout the harvest period. In cv Lazarino, a yield reduction was detected only at the end of the harvest period and was related to the decrease in fruit weight and the number of inflorescence. The application of RDI reduced water by 85% and increased the content of soluble sugar, carotenoids and total phenols in both cultivars and cycles, the funding received from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (Before Ministerio de Economía y Competitivida) , project ref. AGL2012-37610 , co-funded by FEDER). ECC, DH, AMBG, CMS and AJMM thank the Ibero-American Programme for Science, Technology and Development (CYTED, http://www.cyted.org ) for the funding of the IBERCAROT network. AJMM acknowledges the funding received from the Carotenoid Network: from microbial and plants to food and health (CaRed), funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (Before Ministerio de Economía y Competitivida) (BIO2015-71703-REDT). The authors wish to thank the Fitó Company for the seeds provided.

Water scarcity has received global attention in the last decade as it challenges food security in arid and semi-arid regions, particularly in the Middle East and North Africa. This research assesses the possible alleviation of water scarcity by reducing the water footprint in crop production through the application of soil mulching and drip irrigation. The study is the first to do so at catchment scale, taking into account various crops, multi-cropping, cropping patterns, and spatial differences in climate, soil, and field management factors, using field survey and local data. The AquaCrop-OS model and the global water footprint assessment (WFA) standard were used to assess the green and blue water footprint (WF) of ten major crops in the Upper Litani Basin (ULB) in Lebanon. The blue water saving and blue water scarcity reduction under these two alternative practices were compared to the current situation. The results show that the WF of crop production is more sensitive to climate than soil type. The annual blue WF of summer crops was largest when water availability was lowest. Mulching reduced the blue WF by 3.6% and mulching combined with drip irrigation reduced it by 4.7%. The blue water saving from mulching was estimated about 6.3 million m3/y and from mulching combined with drip irrigation about 8.3 million m3/y. This is substantial but by far not sufficient to reduce the overall blue WF in summer to a sustainable level at catchment scale.

22 páginas.- 6 figuras.- 6 tablas.- 41 referencias.- (This article belongs to the Special Issue Future of Irrigation in Agriculture), The tomato cultivated surface is one of the most important surfaces in the world. This crop needs a sufficient and continuous supply of water during vegetative growth. Therefore, production may be at risk in warm and water-scarce areas. Therefore, the implementation of irrigation alternatives such as regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) is of great importance to reduce the use of water and improve the production of the quality of tomatoes. The objective of this work was to evaluate the deficit irrigation scheduling using plant water status as a tool in deficit irrigation. Experimental design was a randomized design with four replications per treatment. Two irrigation treatments were applied: Control (125% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc)) and Regulated Deficit Irrigation (RDI). This latter treatment considered different threshold values of midday leaf water depending on crop phenological stage. No differences were observed in yield, with RDI treatment being more efficient in the use of irrigation water than the control. Besides, RDI tomatoes presented, in general, greater weight, size, Total soluble solids (TSS), sugars, antioxidant activity, lycopene, β-Carotene, and redder color with more intense tomatoes flavor. Finally, it might be said that RDI strategy helped to reduce 53% of irrigation water and to improve the nutritional, functional, and sensory quality of tomatoes.

La ira, la impulsividad y las relaciones de poder han sido senaladas como causales de la violencia de pareja. Estos predictores se han estudiado de manera independiente y considerando la violencia fisica ejercida por hombres. Por esta razon, el proposito de esta investigacion fue estudiar las variables como predictores en conjunto y diferenciar su efecto en la violencia psicologica, fisica, economica, social y sexual, en mujeres perpetradoras. El estudio se llevo a cabo en una muestra no probabilistica de 532 mujeres (X = 26.27). Para cubrir tal proposito se llevaron a cabo regresiones multiples y simples. Como predictores de la violencia psicologica/fisica se utilizaron los factores de manipulacion y chantaje, el dominio, la reaccion de la ira, el automatismo, la gratificacion y el temperamento iracundo, se obtuvo una R² .40. Como predictores de la violencia economica/social se utilizaron los factores de manipulacion y chantaje, la reaccion de ira, el dominio, la gratificacion y el automatismo, obteniendo una R² .19. Para predecir la violencia sexual se realizaron regresiones simples, sin embargo, la varianza explicada por cada una de las variables fue muy baja. Se sugiere que la violencia fisica, psicologica, economica y social comparten las mismas causas

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the use of oral vs. long-acting injectables (LAIs) antipsychotics, as well as, to compare the effectiveness of different LAI antipsychotics [aripiprazole-1-month, paliperidone-1-month (PP1M), paliperidone-3-month (PP3M) and risperidone long-acting injectable (RLAI)] in patients diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD), by evaluating the following clinical outcomes: (1) the number of hospital admissions; (2) the number of documented suicidal behaviour/attempts; and (3) the use of concomitant treatments, including benzodiazepines, oral antipsychotics and biperiden. We included a total of 116 patients diagnosed with BPD and treated with antipsychotic medication: 50 using a LAI antipsychotic formulation and 66 using the equivalent main oral antipsychotic. Patients treated with LAIs showed a decreased ratio of visits to emergency compared with the oral treatment group, and between LAIs, PP3M vs. aripiprazole-1-month group. Furthermore, patients treated with LAIs used lower number and dose of concomitant antipsychotics compared with patients treated with oral antipsychotics. Moreover, PP1M and PP3M used lower daily dose of diazepam equivalents compared with the aripiprazole-1-month and RLAI treatment groups. In conclusion, the use of LAIs may play a role in the management of BPD.

The scarcity of natural resources around the world has obligated to consider the concept of sustainability in all human activities. Agriculture is not an exception, it is the activity where sustainability is more important, mainly in irrigated orchards. Sustainable water uses are commonly associated with a low water footprint. Water footprint works conclude that the main differences are in the water management at the orchard level. The olive orchard is located at an arid, water scarce location where irrigation water needs are very high and therefore the water footprint. However, an efficient, sustainable water use could be performed in these situations. The aim of this work is the design of an index (Hydrosustainable index, HydroSOS) to estimate the olive grower’s effort at orchard level for improving the sustainability of irrigated olive groves. HydroSOS marks a wide range of field activities link to irrigation management. All these are grouped into hydraulic and agronomic components. Each component has different levels and marks according to its relation to the increase in water sustainability. Irrigation scheduling components are the most valued in the index, though others such as water use efficiency, irrigation system, or soil management are also included. Four different levels are considered in relation to the final mark. HydroSOS is designed as a dynamic index to improve the objectivity in the evaluation of grower’s effort in irrigation optimization. Two cases of study are presented in two superhigh density olive orchards. Although both orchards are very similar in applied water and climatic conditions, HydroSOS index separated in two very different classifications.

Las estrategias de poder negativas son métodos de control de estilo conductual negativo (Díaz-Loving & Rivera, 2010). Debido a que existe una necesidad de control permanente en la violencia de pareja (Winstok,2013), se decidió averiguar si las estrategias de poder negativas son utilizadas en la relación violenta. Se evaluó en hombres y en mujeres para evitar el sesgo de género de omitir a las perpetradoras. Para cumplir conel objetivo se realizaron correlaciones de Pearson y regresiones lineales en una muestra no probabilística de 207 hombres (M= 31.94 años de edad) y 274 mujeres (M=29.50 años de edad). Se identificó que la violencia depareja se relaciona y predice estadísticamente las estrategias de poder negativas en hombres y mujeres, con resultados entre f2=.05 y f2=.58. Se discute porqué las estrategias de poder negativas son una forma de abusoen la relación violenta con perpetradores y perpetradoras.

Introducción: El incumplimiento de las metas de tratamiento hipertensivo, favorece la aparición temprana de alteraciones cognitivas y afecta la funcionalidad del anciano. Una de las funciones afectadas es la planeación, componente de las funciones ejecutivas que permite al individuo programar tareas y tomar decisiones. Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre la planeación y las metas de cumplimiento del tratamiento hipertensivo en ancianos. Metodología: Diseño descriptivo-correlacional que incluyó 52 personas mayores de 60 años, hombres y mujeres, con diagnóstico de hipertensión arterial sistémica, reclutados en grupos de ayuda mutua en el Estado de Jalisco. Se aplicó la Torre de Londres, se midió presión arterial, índice de masa corporal, colesterol total, consumo de sodio y tabaco. Se realizaron varias mediciones para establecer relaciones entre ellas. Resultados: Predominaron las mujeres (80.8%), la media de edad fue 70.2 años (DE=6.8) y de evolución de hipertensión arterial sistémica fue de 11.0 años (DE=7.3). Se identificaron correlaciones débiles (p=

Water, especially in arid and semiarid regions, is increasingly a disputed commodity among different productive sectors, the pressure for a more sustainable use of water in agriculture will grow. The main strategy to cope with water scarcity is the use of improved, innovative, and precise deficit irrigation management practices which are able to minimize the impact on fruit yield and quality. The aim of this paper was to develop a certification index or hydroSOS quality index for extra virgin olive oil and processed table olives. The hydrosSOS fruits and vegetables are those cultivated under regulated deficit irrigation (RDI). Different indicators in three quality areas ((i) fatty acids, (ii) phenolic compounds, and (iii) sensory attributes) were identified as showing characteristic or typical responses under RDI conditions. Marks or scores were assigned to each one of these indicators to calculate the proposed index. It can be concluded that an extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) or processed table olives are hydroSOStainable foods, if they meet 2 conditions: (i) fulfill the conditions established in the hydroSOS &ldquo, irrigation&rdquo, index, and (ii) fulfill the requirements of the hydroSOS &ldquo, quality&rdquo, index. HydroSOS quality index will be specific to each crop and variety and will depend on functional and sensory factors.

Background: This report studied the response of pomegranate fruit under full irrigation (FI) and water stress conditions to bagging with externally glossy, single-layer, cellulosic paper bags, open at the bottom, from the end of fruit thinning to harvest time.; Results: Bagging decreased fruit size and the maturity index, and increased antioxidant activity in FI conditions. Moreover, fruit bagging substantially reduced the incidence of peel sunburn in both irrigation conditions.; Conclusion: The delay in fruit growth and ripening as a result of pomegranate fruit bagging is outweighed by the very important commercial benefit in terms of the reduced incidence of peel sunburn and the increase in fruit antioxidant activity. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.; © 2018 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Water-stressed countries need to plan their food security and reduce the pressure on their limited water resources. Agriculture, the largest water-using sector, has a major role in addressing water scarcity and food security challenges. While there has been quite some attention to water management solutions like soil mulching and improved irrigation, less attention has been paid to adapting the cropping pattern to save water. Here, we investigate how a change in which crops are grown where and when can influence the green and blue water footprint (WF) of crop production, save blue water, reduce blue water scarcity and increase both food and cash crop production, using FAO's AquaCrop model. The performance of two potential solutions, first a strategy of mulching plus drip irrigation, and second a strategy with changing the cropping pattern in addition to mulching and drip irrigation, were compared in one of the most water-stressed catchments in the world, the Upper Litani Basin in Lebanon. Our results show a substantial potential for more efficient use of green water resources for food production while saving scarce blue water resources. Whereas mulching and drip irrigation together decrease the blue WF in the basin by 4.5%, changing the cropping pattern as well can decrease it by 20.3%. Food and cash production could increase by 3% and 50% by changing the cropping pattern, compared to 1.5% and 2.1% by mulching and drip irrigation. Changing the cropping pattern could thus significantly reduce water scarcity and enlarge food and cash production in the basin. © 2020 Authors are thankful for the support from the UN-FAO headquarter and FAO-Lebanon. The ground data used for the simulation and modelling were collected during the field visit of the Litani Basin funded by the FAO-WaPOR project (FRAME consortium)

18 páginas.- 9 figuras.- 3 tablas.- 46 referencias, Deficit irrigation scheduling is becoming increasingly important under commercial conditions. Water status measurement is a useful tool in these conditions. However, the information about water stress levels for olive trees is scarce. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effect on yield of a moderate controlled water stress level at the end of the irrigation season. The experiment was conducted in the experimental farm of La Hampa (Coria del Río, Seville, Spain) during three years. A completely randomized block design was performed using three different irrigation treatments. Deficit irrigation was applied several (4 or 2) weeks before harvest. Irrigation was controlled using the midday stem water potential, with a threshold value of −2 MPa and compared with a full irrigated treatment. This water stress did not reduced gas exchange during the deficit period. The effect on yield was not significant in any of the three seasons. In the high-fruit load season, fruit volume was slightly affected (around 10%), but this was not significant at harvest. Results suggest an early affection of fruit growth with water stress, but with a slow rate of decrease. Moderate water stress could be useful for the management of deficit irrigation in table olive trees., This research was supported by the Agencia Española de Investigación (AEI) and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo (FEDER) projects AGL2013-45922-C2-1-R and AGL2016-75794-C4-4-R.

Objective: to understand the life experiences that favor transcendence of the elderly being. Method: a qualitative phenomenological hermeneutic study, in two groups of elderly coexistence. The selection of participants was by intentional sampling: 11 elderly, achieving theoretical saturation. Data collection was carried out through a phenomenological interview with a detonating question. Ethical principles of the General Health Law in health research were fulfilled. Analysis with Heideggerian hermeneutic circle was performed. Results: unity of meaning on the consciousness of a higher power for transcendence is highlighted, where spirituality and religiosity are resources of the elderly for strength, feel protected, overcome difficult situations and reach fullness; both favor the understanding of their historicity by manifesting enlightenment. Final considerations: transcendence of the elderly being is favored with spirituality and the experiences of their daily life are imbued with a spiritual and religious relationship that give meaning to their existence. RESUMO Objetivo: compreender as experiências de vida que favorecem a transcendência do ser idoso. Método: estudo qualitativo, fenomenológico hermenêutico, em dois grupos de convivência de idosos. A seleção dos participantes foi por amostragem intencional: 11 idosos, atingindo saturação teórica. Coleta de dados através de uma entrevista fenomenológica com uma questão detonadora. Foram cumpridos ss princípios éticos da Lei Geral de Saúde em pesquisa em Saúde. Análise com círculo hermenêutico Heideggeriano. Resultados: destacou-se a unidade de significado sobre a consciência de um poder superior para a transcendência, onde a espiritualidade e a religiosidade são recursos dos idosos para a força, se sentir-se protegido, superação de situações difíceis e atingir a plenitude; ambas favorecem a compreensão de sua historicidade manifestando a iluminação. Considerações finais: a transcendência do ser idoso é favorecida pela espiritualidade, as experiências de sua vida cotidiana são imbuídas de um relacionamento espiritual e religioso que dá sentido à sua existência. RESUMEN Objetivo: comprender las experiencias de vida que favorecen la trascendencia del ser anciano. Método: estudio cualitativo fenomenológico hermenéutico, en dos grupos de convivencia de ancianos. La selección de participantes fue por muestreo intencionado: 11 ancianos, logrando la saturación teórica. Recolección de datos a través de entrevista fenomenológica con una pregunta detonadora. Se cumplieron principios éticos de Ley General de Salud en Investigación para la Salud. Análisis con círculo hermenéutico heideggeriano. Resultados: destacó unidad de significado sobre la consciencia de un poder superior para la trascendencia, donde espiritualidad y religiosidad son recursos del anciano para fortaleza, sentirse protegido, superación de situaciones difíciles y alcanzar la plenitud; ambas favorecen la comprensión de su historicidad manifestando iluminación. Consideraciones finales: la trascendencia del ser anciano se favorece con la espiritualidad, las experiencias de su cotidiano están impregnadas de una relación espiritual y religiosa que dan sentido a su existencia.

9 páginas.- 11 tablas.- 43 referencias, Sustainability is a feature that most companies adopt in order to improve their profits, even when their activity is not sustainable or the definition in their sector is not clear. This concept actually relates to the management of natural resources. Agriculture, and particularly irrigation scheduling, is strongly linked to a sustainable management; however, it is not clear what defines a sustainable management. Several efforts have been made to improve the conservation of water resources, but most of them have not involved growers at the orchard level; and consequently, they have lost their opportunity to create a real improvement in terms of sustainability. The aim of this work was to design a “hydroSOStainable index” (or “hydroSOS index”) that evaluates different aspects at orchard level to improve the sustainability of the water resources. The hydroSOS index considers 16 indicators grouped in 4 areas: (i) hydraulic indicators, (ii) horticultural indicators not related to irrigation scheduling, (iii) horticultural indicators related to the moment when deficit irrigation is applied (when?), and (iv) horticultural indicators related to the way deficit irrigation is applied (how?). Each indicator provides different marks or scores, and their sum allows classifying orchard management into four labels. The weight of each indicator and each group is not in itself enough to obtain a maximum label. Groups allow to easily identify the main limitations for the orchard to achieve a sustainable irrigation management. This index was used to evaluate water management of two cases of study. © 2019 Elsevier B.V., This research was supported by the Agencia Española de Investigación (AEI) and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo (FEDER) projects AGL2013-45922-C2-1-R and AGL2016-75794-C4-4-R . It also received the financial support of the Galpagro company (Fundación para la investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla project PRJ201702989 ).

The resistance mechanisms (stress avoidance and stress tolerance) developed by persimmon plants (Diospyros kaki L. f. grafted on Diospyros lotus L.) in response to mild water stress and the sensitivity of continuously (on a whole-day basis) and discretely (at predawn and midday) measured indicators of the plant water status were investigated in 3-year old ‘Rojo Brillante’ persimmon plants. Control (T0) plants were drip irrigated in order to maintain soil water content at levels slightly above soil field capacity (102.3% of soil field capacity) and T1 plants were drip irrigated for 33 days in order to maintain the soil water content at around 80% of soil field capacity. The results indicated persimmon plants confront a mild water stress situation by gradually developing stomata control (stress avoidance mechanism) and exhibiting some xeromorphic characteristic such as high leaf relative apoplastic water content, which could contribute to the retention of water at low leaf water potentials. In addition, sap flow measurements made by the heat-pulse technique were seen to be the most suitable method for estimating persimmon water status, because it provided the highest signal intensity (actual value/reference value):noise (coefficient of variation) ratio in almost all intervals of time considered and provides continuous and automated registers of the persimmon water status in real time. © 2019 The Authors, We are grateful to the Arnau family from Explotaciones Ecológicas Harisa S.L. and Mr. J. Melgares from Oficina Comarcal Agraria Huerta de Murcia (Autonomous Comunity of the Region of Murcia) for all the help we have been given. AG and AJM acknowledge the postdoctoral financial support received from Ramón Areces Foundation and Juan de la Cierva program, respectively . IG is a predoctoral student at the Miguel Hernández University. Also, this work is a result of the PR internship (19925/IV/15) funded by the Seneca Foundation - Agency for Science and Technology in the Region of Murcia under the Jiménez de la Espada Program for Mobility, Cooperation and Internationalization.

Continuous monitoring of the tree water status will enhance irrigation performance, particularly when applying deficit schedules. The olive tree is a highly drought-resistant species and management of the water stress could increase water savings. Trunk diameter fluctuations can be displayed as daily curves representing the shrinkage and swelling, and can provide information about tree water status. In olive trees, trunk growth rate (TGR) is the most useful indicator, but the daily variability reduced the commercial applications. Recently, weekly frequencies of TGR values were associated to the water status in one seasonal experiment. The aim of this work is to study the seasonal pattern and the interannual variations of these parameters in order to integrate them in an irrigation scheduling tool. The experiment was performed during two consecutive seasons (2018 and 2019) in a superhigh density mature olive orchard at Carmona (Seville, Spain). Three different irrigation scheduling treatments were considered in a randomized complete block design. The control treatment was fully irrigated with 150–175% crop evapotranspiration (ETc) in order to ensure an optimum water status. Regulated deficit irrigation-1 (RDI-1) was scheduled using only TGR data provided through the continuous measurements from a dendrometer. In this treatment, water stress conditions were controlled during the pit hardening period. RDI-2 was similar to RDI-1, but with a more severe water stress conditions during pit hardening and a maximum seasonal amount of water that limited rehydration. Water stress was greater during the 2019 season than the 2018 season, according to the midday stem water potential (SWP). Weekly frequencies of TGR values lower than − 0.3 mm day− 1 (Severe FR) and values between − 0.1 and 0.3 mm day− 1 (Good FR) described the water status pattern in the three treatments for both seasons. Only under severe water stress conditions (SWP more negative than − 4 MPa) the values of these frequencies did not identify accurately the water status. However, the use of weekly frequencies of values greater than 0.3 mm day− 1 (Alert FR) and the pattern of these Severe FR and Good FR themselves identified such conditions. The use of these three weekly frequencies (Severe, Good and Alert (SGA) approach) are suggested for continuous deficit irrigation scheduling in olive trees.

Objective: To understand the life experiences that favor the plenitude and transcendence of the elderly being. Method: Qualitative study of hermeneutical phenomenological approach. It was conducted from January 2014 to March 2017 in two social groups for seniors. Selection of participants was by intentional sampling with information saturation. Characteristics of participants: men or women aged 60 years and over. Data collection through a phenomenological interview. Study in compliance with the General Law of Health, Subject of Health Research and the Declaration of Helsinki. Analysis through the Heidegger’s hermeneutic circle: Pre-understanding, understanding and interpretation. Results: Units of meaning arose. Ontologically, seniors are revealed in their historicity and temporality, emphasize fear and anguish in their daily life, and fall into a feeling of nothing with the need to be authentic that is achieved through care. This understanding of the being is transcendence, and its manifestation is enlightenment. Conclusion: Transcendence is favored by care in the life cycle. Nursing as a science of care can promote actions that facilitate the reach of the encounter of seniors at different stages of their lives. RESUMO Objetivo: Compreender as experiências de vida que favorecem a plenitude e transcendência do ser-adulto idoso. Método: Estudo qualitativo com enfoque fenomenológico-hermenêutico. Foi realizado de janeiro de 2014 a março de 2017 em dois grupos de convivência de idosos. Seleção de participantes por amostragem intencional com saturação de informação. As características dos participantes foram: ter 60 anos ou mais, homens ou mulheres. Coleta de dados por meio de entrevista fenomenológica. Foi cumprida a Lei Geral da Saúde, Matéria de Pesquisa em Saúde e a Declaração de Helsinki. Análise por meio do círculo hermenêutico heideggeriano: Pré-compreensão, Compreensão e Interpretação. Resultados: Onticamente surgiram unidades de significado. Ontologicamente o ser-adulto idoso é revelado na sua historicidade e temporalidade, destacando na sua cotidianidade o temor e a angústia, caindo em um sentimento de nada com necessidade de ser autêntico, obtido por meio do cuidado; essa compreensão do ser é transcendência, cuja manifestação é a iluminação. Conclusão: A transcendência é favorecida com o cuidado no ciclo vital; a enfermagem como ciência do cuidado pode promover ações que facilitem o encontro do ser-adulto idoso em diferentes etapas da sua vida. RESUMEN Objetivo: Comprender las experiencias de vida que favorecen la plenitud y trascendencia del ser-adulto mayor. Método: Estudio cualitativo con enfoque fenomenológico hermenéutico. Se llevó a cabo de enero 2014 a marzo 2017 en dos grupos de convivencia de adultos mayores. Selección de participantes por muestreo intencional con saturación de información. Características de participantes fueron: tener 60 años y más, hombres o mujeres. Recolección de datos mediante entrevista fenomenológica. Cumplió con la Ley General de Salud, Materia de Investigación en Salud y la Declaración de Helsinki. Análisis a través del círculo hermenéutico heideggeriano: Pre-comprensión, Comprensión e Interpretación. Resultados: Ónticamente surgieron unidades de significado. Ontológicamente el ser-adulto mayor es desvelado en su historicidad y temporalidad, destacando en su cotidianidad el temor y angustia, cayendo en un sentimiento de nada con necesidad de ser auténtico, logrado a través del cuidado; esta comprensión del ser es trascendencia cuya manifestación es la iluminación. Conclusión: La trascendencia se favorece con cuidado en el ciclo vital, enfermería como ciencia del cuidado puede promover acciones que faciliten alcanzar el encuentro del ser-adulto mayor en diferentes etapas de su vida.

No previous information exits on the effect of preharvest chitosan, a plant biostimulant and antitranspirant, which has been considered as a food additive by the USFDA, spraying on pomegranate trees. Then, the effect of chitosan spraying in fully irrigated and water stressed trees on yield, fruit quality and the occurrence of fruit peel physiopathies was studied. Some of these effects were negative such as the reduction in fruit weight and the less reddish and duller appearance of the arils. However, these negative aspects could be regarded as being compensated by other very important positive effects, such as the increase in the antioxidant activity and the significant reduction in fruit peel cracking or splitting and fruit sunburn physiopathies occurrence, which would considerably improve the returns of pomegranate growers.

No information exists on the effect of water deficit on quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) fruit quality characteristics. In this paper, the effect of withholding irrigation water in the middle of the rapid fruit growth period on yield, main fruit physicochemical characteristics, sensory profile, and volatile composition of quince (cv. BA-29) was studied. The linear fruit growth phase was seen to be a critical phenological period for the marketable yield of quince because water deficit decreased the fruit weight, size, and moisture content. Also, this period was clearly critical for the fruit’s chemical characteristics. Water deficit induced important changes in an important number of the identified volatile compounds, characterized by decreases on pear, pineapple and apple sensory descriptors and increases on the green-herbaceous sensory descriptors. Moreover, total soluble solids increased and the total polyphenols content and antioxidant activity decreased as a result of water deficit effect, even though the still high levels of total polyphenols, regardless of the fruit water status, suggested that quinces can be used as an important source of natural antioxidants. The fruit sensory analysis indicated that the peel colour intensity of fruits from the water deficit treatment increased and fruit flesh texture improved. Indeed, the main handicaps for its consumption as fresh fruit (corkiness and fibreness) severely decreased and crunchiness increased.

Increasing global food demand and economic growth result in increasing competition over scarce freshwater resources, worsened by climate change and pollution. The agricultural sector has the largest share in the water footprint of humanity. While most studies focus on estimating water footprints (WFs) of crops through modeling, there are only few experimental field studies. The current work aims to understand the effect of supposedly better agricultural practices, particularly precision agriculture (variable rate application of fertilizers and pesticides) and conservation agriculture (minimum, strip, or no-tillage), on water deterioration and water pollution. We analyzed the results from an experimental field study in the northeast of Italy, in which four different crops are grown across three years of crops rotation. We compared minimum, strip, and no-tillage systems undergoing variable to uniform rate application. Grey WFs are assessed based on a field dataset using yield maps data, soil texture, and crop operations field. Leaching and associated grey WFs are assessed based on application rates and various environmental factors. Yields are measured in the field and recorded in a precision map. The results illustrate how precision agriculture combined with soil conservation tillage systems can reduce the grey water footprint by the 10%. We assessed the grey Water Footprint for all the field operation processes during the three-year crop rotation.