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Oxidative stress and inflammatory processes might contribute to the cascade of events leading Parkinson disease (PD); and vitamins such as riboflavin can exert protection on vulnerable neurons in neurodegenerative conditions. Previously, it was demonstrated that a mixture of lactic acid bacteria (including a riboflavin-producing strain) improved motor skills in a parkinsonian model. The aim of the present work was to investigate the neuroprotective potential of Lactiplantibacillus (L.) plantarum CRL2130, a riboflavin-producing strain in PD models. In vitro, N2a differentiated neurons were exposed the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) and treated with intracellular bacterial extracts or commercial riboflavin. In vivo, adult male C57BL/6 mice were injected with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and probenecid, and received orally L. plantarum CRL2130, L. plantarum CRL725 (parent strain that produces low levels of riboflavin) or commercial vitamin. Results showed that when N2a cells were incubated with intracellular extract from L. plantarum CRL2130 maintained the viability, and significantly decreased the release of IL-6 and the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), all affected by MPP+. In vivo, the administration of L. plantarum CRL2130 attenuated motor deficits and prevented dopaminergic neuronal death. Decrease of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increase of IL-10 in both serum and brain were observed in samples from mice that received L. plantarum CRL2130 compared to MPTP control group (without treatment). In addition, these beneficial effects were similar or improved when compared with animals that received commercial riboflavin. In conclusion, L. plantarum CRL2130 showed a neuroprotective effect in both PD models through anti-oxidant/anti-inflammatory mechanisms.

Thiamine or vitamin B1, an essential micronutrient mainly involved in energy production, has a beneficial impact on the nervous system, and its deficiency can be associated with the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this work was to select thiamine-producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and study their physiological effects using neuron cell cultures. In this study, 23 LAB able to produce thiamine were identified by growth in thiamine-free synthetic medium. Intra- and extracellular thiamine concentrations were determined using a microbiological method and results confirmed by HPLC techniques. A wide variation in vitamin production was found showing that this property was not only species specific but also a strain-dependent trait. Five of these strains were pre-selected for their capacity to produce higher concentrations of thiamine. Only the pre-treatment with the intracellular extract of Lactiplantibacillus (L.) plantarum CRL 1905 increased significantly neuronal survival in N2a cells' model of neurotoxicity (MPP+) with thiamine deficiency conditions (amprolium). Furthermore, amprolium-resistant variants of CRL 1905 were isolated by exposition of the strain to increasing concentrations of this toxic thiamine analogue. The variant A9 was able to increase more than 2 times the intracellular thiamine production of the original strain. A9 bacterial extract significantly prevented neuronal cell death and the increase of IL-6. The amprolium-resistant strain A9 showed a modulating and neuroprotective effect in an in vitro model of neurotoxicity constituting a potential bio-strategy to counteract thiamine deficiencies and thus prevent or treat neurodegenerative diseases. KEY POINTS: • LAB can produce thiamine in a species- and strain-dependant manner. • L. plantarum CRL 1905 significantly reduce MPP+-induced neurotoxicity in N2a cells. • Amprolium-resistant strain A9 has neuroprotective effect and prevents IL-6 increase.

Recent studies have shown that inflammatory diseases are becoming more frequent throughout the world. The causes of these disorders are multifactorial and include genetic, immunological, and environmental factors, and intestinal microbiota dysbiosis. The use of beneficial microorganisms has shown to be useful in the prevention and treatment of disorders such as colitis, mucositis, and even colon cancer by their immune-stimulating properties. It has also been shown that certain vitamins, especially riboflavin and folate derivatives, have proven to be helpful in the treatment of these diseases. The application of vitaminproducing lactic acid bacteria, especially strains that produce folate and riboflavin together with immune-stimulating strains, could be used as adjunct treatments in patients suffering from a wide range of inflammatory diseases since they could improve treatment efficiency and prevent undesirable side effects in addition to their nutrition values. In this review, the most up to date information on the current knowledge and uses of vitamin-producing lactic acid bacteria is discussed in order to stimulate further studies in this field. Fil: Leblanc, Jean Guy Joseph. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: Levit, Romina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: Savoy, Graciela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia; Argentina Fil: de Moreno, Maria Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina

Mandatory fortification of foods with folic acid is being questioned by many scientists principally because of the potential adverse secondary effects associated with their excessive consumption. It has been shown that selected strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are able to produce natural forms of folate and these could be included in foods to prevent deficiencies without causing adverse effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate folate production and fol gene expression by Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. macedonicus (S. macedonicus) CRL415 under different growth conditions in vitro and to assess its potential probiotic application. Results showed that glucose as the principal carbon source, and incubation at 42 °C under controlled pH conditions (6.0) increased folate production, fol gene expression, and growth of S. macedonicus CRL415. This strain was able to produce elevated folate concentrations during milk fermentation without the need of prolonged incubation times and was able to resist conditions simulating the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, S. macedonicus was susceptible to all required antibiotics, and had a good adhesion level to intestinal cells in vitro, making it a promising candidate for biotechnological application as functional starter cultures in the dairy industry. Fil: Laiño, Jonathan Emiliano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: Levit, Romina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: de Moreno, Maria Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: Savoy, Graciela. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: Leblanc, Jean Guy Joseph. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina

Fibre content, phenolic content, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated for water extracts of fruit by-products (passion fruit, orange, acerola, and mango). The impact of these extracts on microbial growth, folate production, and adhesion ability of Streptococcus thermophilus TH-4 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LGG was investigated. Mango water extract (MWE) presented the highest phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Orange water extract (OWE) and MWE showed the best anti-inflammatory potential by decreasing the highest nitric oxide levels. When TH-4 and LGG were grown together, folate production was only stimulated by MWE. Passion fruit water extract and OWE increased the TH-4 adhesion whereas acerola water extracts and MWE improved LGG adhesion when strains were used individually. These results showed that fruit by-product water extracts (FWE), especially from mango, presented potential beneficial biological and functional properties. These FWE could be used to develop new functional antioxidant foods and natural pharmaceutical ingredients.

Fruit by-products are generated by the food industries and constitute an important environmental problem. Although these fruit residues are frequently treated as industrial waste and used mainly for animal feed, they can be good sources of nutrients and bioactive compounds. Among them, dietary fibers and phenolics are bioactive compounds that can stimulate the growth and activity (including the production of B vitamins) of beneficial microorganisms, especially lactic acid bacteria and other probiotics. Bioactive compounds have also been explored to improve the nutritional and functional properties of food products. Thus, these compounds from fruit by-products emerge as potential prebiotic ingredients. In addition to the influence on beneficial microorganisms, bioactive compounds from fruit by-products may act as natural antioxidants with an important role in preventing human health, especially in the gastrointestinal tract, from inflammatory conditions. This chapter discusses how fruit by-products can be used as prebiotics to stimulate the production of bioactive compounds by lactic acid bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract or as ingredients to promote health benefits caused by bacterial fermentation.

Thiamine or vitamin B1, an essential micronutrient mainly involved in energy production, has a beneficial impact on the nervous system, and its deficiency can be associated with the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this work was to select thiamine-producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and study their physiological effects using neuron cell cultures. In this study, 23 LAB able to produce thiamine were identified by growth in thiamine-free synthetic medium. Intra- and extracellular thiamine concentrations were determined using a microbiological method and results confirmed by HPLC techniques. A wide variation in vitamin production was found showing that this property was not only species specific but also a strain-dependent trait. Five of these strains were pre-selected for their capacity to produce higher concentrations of thiamine. Only the pre-treatment with the intracellular extract of Lactiplantibacillus (L.) plantarum CRL 1905 increased significantly neuronal survival in N2a cells' model of neurotoxicity (MPP

Objectives: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative process that affects the motor function and involves an inflammatory response and B vitamin deficiencies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of B-group vitamin-producing and immunomodulatory lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in a murine model of PD. Methods: The effect of Lactobacillus plantarum CRL 2130 (a riboflavin producer), Streptococcus thermophilus CRL 807 (an immunomodulatory strain), and Streptococcus thermophilus CRL 808 (a folate producer) were evaluated individually and as a mixture in mice injected with 1-methyl-4-fenil-1,2,3,6-tetrahidropiridina. Motor capacity, tyrosine hydrolase in the brain, and cytokine concentrations in serum and brain tissues were evaluated in 1-methyl-4-fenil-1,2,3,6-tetrahidropiridina-treated mice after bacterial supplementation. Results: The mice receiving the selected LAB showed significantly improved motor skills compared with those that did not receive bacterial supplementation. When given the mixture of all 3 strains together, the animals had higher brain tyrosine hydrolase-positive cell counts, decreased inflammatory cytokines interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha in serum, and increased antiinflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 in serum and brain tissues compared with animals that did not receive LAB supplementation. Conclusions: The results showed the potential of a selected LAB mixture to improve motor behavior and neuroinflammation in PD. This probiotic mixture could be used as an adjunct treatment in the control of PD. Fil: Pérez Visñuk, Daiana Emilce. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: Savoy, Graciela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia; Argentina Fil: Leblanc, Jean Guy Joseph. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: de Moreno, Maria Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina

Fil: Perez Visnuk, Daiana Emilce. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Tucuman. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina

In recent years, quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd), an ancestral crop of the Andean region of South America, has gained worldwide attention due to its high nutritional value. This grain is a good source of several vitamins and minerals; however, their bioavailability is decreased by the presence of antinutritional factors such as phytic acid. These compounds can be reduced using lactic acid bacteria (LAB), that have a GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) status and have traditionally been associated with food fermentation due to their biosynthetic capacity and metabolic versatility. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a pasta made with quinoa sourdough fermented by L. plantarum strains producing vitamins B2 and B9 and phytase to prevent vitamins and minerals deficiency using an in vivo mouse model. The results showed that the pasta fermented with the mixed culture containing L. plantarum CRL 2107 + L. plantarum CRL 1964 present increased B2 and B9 levels in mice blood. Likewise, higher concentrations of P, Ca+2, Fe+2, Mg+2 (18.75, 10.70, 0.37, 4.85 mg/dL, respectively) were determined with respect to the deficient group (DG) (9.85, 9.90, 0.26, 3.34 mg/dL, respectively). Hematological studies showed an increase in hemoglobin (14.4 ± 0.6 g/dL), and hematocrit (Htc, 47.0 ± 0.6%) values, compared to the DG (Hb: 12.6 ± 0.5 g/dL, Hto: 39.9 ± 1.1%). Furthermore, histological evaluations of the intestines showed an increase of the small intestine villi length in this latter group. The results allow us to conclude that bio-enrichment of quinoa pasta using LAB could be a novel strategy to increase vitamin and minerals bioavailability in cereal/pseudocereal – derived foods. Fil: Carrizo, Silvana Lorena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: de Moreno, Maria Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: Leblanc, Jean Guy Joseph. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: Rollan, Graciela Celestina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina

Currently, organochlorine pesticides (OPs) are restricted or banned from agricultural and public health areas. However, many of these compounds have been found in high concentrations in contaminated sites, and therefore continue to pose environmental and health concerns. Thus, it is imperative to identify efficient microorganisms to remove them and to develop methods to remediate environments contaminated with OPs. In this regard, the aim of this work was to evaluate the individual and simultaneous removal of three OPs; specifically lindane (LIN), γ-chlordane (CLD) and methoxychlor (MTX) (2 mg L-1 of each pesticide alone or as constituent of a mixture), from liquid contaminated systems, employing a native and non-GMO Streptomyces strain. Toxicity test of the treated systems against the cell line Caco-2, and the detection in the genome of the used microorganism of sequences related with the pesticides catabolism are reported. The results demonstrated that, Streptomyces sp. A5 was able to remove individually 57.4%, 100.0% and 6.5% of LIN, CLD and MTX, respectively. From the pesticide mixture, LIN and CLD were efficiently removed on 62.2% and 68.6% respectively by the studied strain. On the other hand, we demonstrated that the liquid systems contaminated with the OPs mixture and bioremediated with Streptomyces sp. A5 showed lower cytotoxicity than their respective controls without inoculate. Moreover, molecular studies revealed the presence in Streptomyces sp. A5 of putative lin genes with potential dehydrochlorinase, haloalkane dehalogenase and NAD-dependent dehydrogenase activities. Therefore, the potential of Streptomyces sp. A5 to efficiently remediate OPs alone or in mixtures from liquid contaminated system, was demonstrated. Fil: Fuentes, María Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos; Argentina Fil: Sineli, Pedro Eugenio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos; Argentina Fil: Pons, Sofía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos; Argentina Fil: de Moreno, Maria Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: Benimeli, Claudia Susana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos; Argentina Fil: Hill, Russell T.. University of Maryland; Estados Unidos Fil: Cuozzo, Sergio Antonio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos; Argentina

Objective: Intestinal mucositis (IM), a side effect commonly associated to cancer treatments, is a local inflammatory response that causes alterations of the intestinal structure that in turn affects nutrient absorption. Lactobacillus (L.) plantarum CRL 2130 is a riboflavin-overproducing strain that has previously been shown to provide anti-inflammatory properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of this riboflavin producing strain in a chemically induced murine mucositis model. Research Methods & Procedures: Mucositis was induced by daily injections of 5-fluororacil (5-FU) after which mice were either given L. plantarum CRL 2130, L. plantarum CRL 725 (the strain from which CRL 2130 was derived that does not overproduce riboflavin), or commercial riboflavin twice daily during the 6 days of chemotherapy agent injections. The effect of the strains and riboflavin was also evaluated in vitro using Caco-2 intestinal cancer cell cultures to determine if they interfere with 5-FU´s anti-cancer activity. Results: Administration of L. plantarum CRL 2130 significantly attenuated the pathological changes induced by 5-FU in mice such as body weight loss, diarrhea, the shortening of villus height, increases in proinflammatory cytokine concentrations, and induced an elevated production of IL-10. In vitro assays using Caco-2 cells showed that the effectiveness of 5-FU was not affected by L. plantarum CRL 2130 and that this strain exerted an inhibitory mechanism against oxidative stress. Conclusion: These results indicate that the riboflavin-overproducing strain L. plantarum CRL 2130 could be useful to prevent mucositis during cancer treatments and would not affect the primary treatment. Fil: Levit, Romina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: Savoy, Graciela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia; Argentina Fil: de Moreno, Maria Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: Leblanc, Jean Guy Joseph. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina

The characteristics of innate immunity have recently been investigated in depth in several research articles, and original findings suggest that innate immunity also has a memory capacity, which has been named “trained immunity”. This notion has revolutionized our knowledge of the innate immune response. Thus, stimulation of trained immunity represents a therapeutic alternative that is worth exploring. In this context, probiotics, live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host, represent attractive candidates for the stimulation of trained immunity; however, although numerous studies have documented the beneficial proprieties of these microorganisms, their mechanisms of action are not yet fully understood. In this review, we propose to explore the putative connection between probiotics and stimulation of trained immunity. Fil: Cortes Peres, Naima G.. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; Francia Fil: de Moreno, Maria Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: Gomez Gutierrez, Jorge G.. University of Missouri; Estados Unidos Fil: Leblanc, Jean Guy Joseph. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: Bermúdez Humarán, Luis G.. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; Francia

Inflammatory bowel diseases are chronic and relapsing-remitting disorders that affect the gastrointestinal tract. Previously, the administration of folate and riboflavin-producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) or an immune-modulating strain showed beneficial effects as they were able to reduce the acute inflammation in mouse models. The aim of this work was to evaluate a mixture of vitamin-producing and immune-modulating LAB administering together with an anti-inflammatory drug during the remission period of a mouse model of recurrent colitis. BALB/c mice were intrarectally instilled with trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) and those who recovered from this acute challenge were given the LAB mixture, mesalazine, or the combination of both (mesalazine + LAB) during 21 days, followed by a second challenge with TNBS. Control mice instilled with ethanol (vehicle of TNBS) and receiving the different treatments were also evaluated in order to study the effect of chronic anti-inflammatory therapy. The combination of mesalazine and LAB mixture was the most effective to decrease the intestinal damage at macroscopic and histological levels and to reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) in intestinal fluids. In animals instilled with ethanol, mesalazine produced a loss of body weight and intestinal damages with increased IL-6. These side effects were prevented by the co-administration of mesalazine and the LAB mixture. The LAB blend did not affect the primary anti-inflammatory treatment, was able to improve it, and also prevented the side effects of this therapy. Fil: Levit, Romina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: Savoy, Graciela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: de Moreno, Maria Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: Leblanc, Jean Guy Joseph. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina

The host immune system is an important factor to combat metastasis. In this work, it was evaluated the immunomodulation exerted by milk fermented with the probiotic strain Lactobacillus casei CRL431 (PFM) when was administered to mice in the metastatic stage of breast cancer. Mice received PFM were compared to animals given milk. PFM administration diminished metastasis in the lungs and increased the survival of the animals. Systemically, PFM administration decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines and locally in the lungs (metastatic organs) decreased F4/80+ cells, principally IL-10/F4/80+ cells. The highest percentages for CD4+ and CD4+CD8+ cells were observed in PFM group. Finally, immune cells from lungs of mice given PFM showed lower production of most cytokines evaluated when they were re-stimulated in vitro with tumour cells. The results obtained suggest that modulation of immune cells in the lungs by PFM could be a strategy to fight against tumour cells in the metastatic sites. Fil: Méndez Utz, Virginia Emilce. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: Perdigon, Gabriela del Valle. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Microbiología. Cátedra de Inmunología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: de Moreno, Maria Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina

Background Chronic intestinal inflammation alters host physiology and could lead to colorectal cancer (CRC). We have previously reported beneficial effects of the probiotic strain of Lactobacillus casei BL23 in different murine models of intestinal inflammation. In addition, there is an emerging interest on the potential beneficial effects of probiotics to treat CRC. We thus explored whether L. casei BL23 displays protective effects on CRC.

This article has been retracted. Please see the retraction notice for more detail: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00535-015-1158-9 .

Phallus atrovolvatus is a wild edible mushroom which is recently being cultivated in Thailand. It contains a remarkable amount of β-(1,3–1,6)-glucan, a compound known for its immune modulating properties. Crude mushroom polysaccharide (CMP) was obtained from the fruiting body of P. atrovolvatus using boiling water extraction, followed by overnight ethanol cold precipitation. CMP is composed of approximately 50% β-glucan, α-glucan, proteins, ash and other non-digestible polysaccharide. In this study, we evaluated the immune modulating activities of CMP using in vitro and in vivo models. In vitro, CMP was treated with the transfected NF-κB reporter-HEK 293 recombinant cell line, the results showed no cytotoxicity up to 500 μg/mL, and CMP treatments exhibited a higher % NF-κB luciferase expression. DiNitroBenzene Sulfonic acid (DNBS)-induced colitis mice model was used to elucidate the effects of CMP in vivo. Colitis severity was assessed using body weight trend, macroscopic scores and histological scores. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and cytokine production were determined from the colon tissue and spleen, respectively. The results showed that oral consumption of 50 μg CMP/mouse/day could significantly decrease MPO activity and reduce the secretion of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17A cytokines. To our knowledge, this study shows the first time the report of immune modulating activities of Phallus atrovolvatus Thai strain. The results lead to the conclusion that CMP provides two modes of actions: i) stimulating the NF-κB pathway and ii) acting as an anti-inflammatory that can protect mice against induced colitis.

This study aimed to evaluate the bioavailability and effects on the intestinal mucosa of a bioenriched fermented milk (BFM) prepared with folate-producing lactic acid bacteria, using a depletion/repletion BALB/c mice model. Five Streptococcus thermophilus strains were combined with Lactobacillus plantarum 16cv and the combination that resulted in the best folate production was used for preparation of BFM. The folate content in BFM, prepared under controlled conditions (pH 6.0, 42 °C, 70 rpm, 24 h), was 321.1 ± 14.1 ng/mL. Results for mice fed with BFM were compared to those fed with other diets. The BFM group presented an increase in hemoglobin, hematocrit and red blood cells, and the villi height/crypt depth ratio was similar to that of animals receiving milk supplemented with commercial folic acid. The strains were sensitive to most tested antibiotics and lacked virulence genes, indicating that consumption of BFM may be a promising alternative to increase intake of folate. Fil: Cucick, Ana Clara C.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil Fil: Gianni de Carvalho, Katia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos; Argentina Fil: Todorov, Svetoslav D.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil Fil: de Moreno, Maria Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: Leblanc, Jean Guy Joseph. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: Franco, Bernadette D. G. M.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil

Background: Current therapies for against inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are sometimes limited by high costs, high toxicities and/or undesirable side effects, reasons for which new treatments are constantly being developed and studied. In this regards an increasing mass of data has demonstrated that fecal transplantations and probiotic supplementations have shown promising effects and could be considered as adjunct IBD treatments to decrease some of the unwanted side effects caused by primary treatments. Furthermore, there is also mounting evidence that suggests that certain vitamins could provide anti-inflammatory effects and it has been shown that certain strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), the most commonly used probiotic microorganisms, can produce biologically active forms of certain vitamins. Objective: To discuss the potential role of vitamin-producing LAB on intestinal inflammatory diseases. Method: A thorough search of bibliographic databases for peer-reviewed research on the effect of vitamins produced by LAB on inflammatory processes was performed. Results: There is mounting research that vitamin producing LAB could provide anti-inflammatory effects. Conclusion: The potential role of vitamin producing LAB was discussed not only because they could be used to decrease inflammation but also because they could provide the host with essential nutrients that are normally deficient in IBD patients due to altered intestinal morphologies. Fil: de Moreno, Maria Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: Levit, Romina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: Savoy, Graciela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia; Argentina Fil: Leblanc, Jean Guy Joseph. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina

The fact that certain foods can exert beneficial effects beyond their intrinsic nutritional values has led to the development of functional foods. The increase in nutraceutical content to obtain functional foods through the use of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can be done by the appropriate selection of strains. However, genetic engineering of LAB allows the creation of microorganisms that are more efficient in producing nutraceuticals in sufficient quantities to exert biological effects. Another mechanism by which LAB can be used to produce functional foods is their use as probiotic microorganisms, when live than administered in adequate amounts can confer a health benefit on the host. In this chapter, the use of native and genetically engineered LAB as nutraceutical factories or probiotic microorganisms to obtain functional foods will be discussed.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is characterized by extensive inflammation due to dysregulation of the innate and adaptive immune system whose exact etiology is not yet completely understood. Currently there is no cure for IBD, thus the search for new molecules capable of controlling IBD and their delivery to the site of inflammation are the goal of many researchers. The aim of this work was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of the administration of milks fermented by a Lactococcus (L.) lactis strain producing 15-lipoxygenase-1 (15-LOX-1) using a trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced IBD mouse model. The results obtained demonstrated that 15-LOX-1 producing L. lactis was effective in the prevention of the intestinal damage associated to inflammatory bowel disease in a murine model. The work also confirmed previous studies showing that fermented milk is an effective form of administration of recombinant lactic acid bacteria expressing beneficial molecules. Fil: Saraiva, Tessália D. L.. Universidade Federal do Minas Gerais; Brasil Fil: Morais, Kátia. Universidade Federal do Minas Gerais; Brasil Fil: Pereira, Vanessa B.. Universidade Federal do Minas Gerais; Brasil Fil: de Azevedo, Marcela. Universidade Federal do Minas Gerais; Brasil Fil: Santos Rocha, Clarissa. Universidade Federal do Minas Gerais; Brasil Fil: Castro Prosperi, Camila. Universidade Federal do Minas Gerais; Brasil Fil: Gomes Santos, Ana C.. Universidade Federal do Minas Gerais; Brasil Fil: Bermudez Humaran, Luis. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; Francia Fil: Caetano Faria, Ana M.. Universidade Federal do Minas Gerais; Brasil Fil: Blottiere, Hervé M.. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; Francia Fil: Langella, Philippe. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; Francia Fil: Miyoshi, Anderson. Universidade Federal do Minas Gerais; Brasil Fil: de Moreno, Maria Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: Leblanc, Jean Guy Joseph. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: Azevedo, Vasco. Universidade Federal do Minas Gerais; Brasil

There are numerous reports that show the benefits on the health attributed to the probiotic consumptions. Most of the studies were performed using animal models and only some of them were validated in controlled human trials. The present review is divided in two sections. In the first section we describe how the probiotic microorganisms can interact with the intestinal epithelial cells that are the first line of cell in the mucosal site, focusing in the studies of two probiotic strains: Lactobacillus casei DN-114001 (actually Lactobacillus paracasei CNCMI-1518) and Lactobacillus casei CRL 431. Then we describe same beneficial effects attributed to probiotic administration and the administration of fermented milks containing these microorganisms or potential probiotic yoghurt, principally on the immune system and on the intestinal barrier in different experimental mouse models like enteropathogenic infection, malnutrition, cancer and intestinal inflammation. Fil: Maldonado Galdeano, María Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Microbiología. Cátedra de Inmunología; Argentina Fil: Novotny Núñez, Ivanna. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: Carmuega, Esteban. Centro de Estudios Nutrición Infantil; Argentina Fil: de Moreno, Maria Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: Perdigon, Gabriela del Valle. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Microbiología. Cátedra de Inmunología; Argentina

The association between inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer is well documented. The genetic modification of lactic acid bacteria as a tool to increase the anti-inflammatory potential of these microorganisms has also been demonstrated. Thus the aim of the present work was to evaluate the anti-cancer potential of different genetically modified lactic acid bacteria (GM-LAB) producing antioxidant enzymes (catalase or superoxide dismutase) or the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (protein or DNA delivery) using a chemical induced colon cancer murine model. Dimethilhydrazine was used to induce colorectal cancer in mice. The animals received GM-LAB producing anti-oxidant enzymes, IL-10 or a mixture of different GM-LAB. Intestinal damage, enzyme activities and cytokines were evaluated and compared to the results obtained from mice that received the wild type strains from which derived the GM-LAB. All the GM-LAB assayed showed beneficial effects against colon cancer even though they exerted different mechanisms of action. The importance to select LAB with innate beneficial properties as the progenitor strain was demonstrated with the GM-LAB producing anti-oxidant enzymes. In addition, the best effects for the mixtures GM-LAB that combine different anti-inflammatory mechanism. Results indicate that mixtures of selected LAB and GM-LAB could be used as an adjunct treatment to decrease the inflammatory harmful environment associated to colorectal cancer, especially for patients with chronic intestinal inflammation who have an increased risk to develop colorectal cancer. Fil: del Carmen, Silvina Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucuman. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: de Moreno, Maria Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucuman. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: Levit, Romina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucuman. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: Azevedo, Vasco. Universidade Federal Do Minas Gerais; Fil: Langella, Philippe. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; Francia Fil: Bermúdez Humarán, Luis G.. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; Francia Fil: Leblanc, Jean Guy Joseph. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucuman. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos; Argentina

Objective: Obesity is associated with alterations in intestinal microbiota and immunity. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of probiotic Lactobacillus casei CRL 431 administration on intestinal and humoral immune response, clinical parameters, and gut microbiota was evaluated using a high-fat diet to induce obesity in a mouse model. Methods: Adult mice received a conventional balanced diet or a high-fat diet supplemented with milk, milk fermented by Lactobacillus casei (FM), L. casei as suspension, or water over 60d. Histology of liver and small intestine (SI), immunoglobulin A-positive cells and macrophages in SI, phagocytic activity of spleen and peritoneal macrophages, and humoral immune response to ovalbumin were studied. Clinical parameters in serum and gut microbiota were also analyzed. Results: FM was the most effective supplement for decreasing body weight and clinical parameters in serum. The histology of liver and SI was also improved in obese mice given FM. These animals had increased numbers of immunoglobulin A-positive cells and macrophages in SI. The gut microbiota showed that obese mice given probiotics had increased Bacteroides and bifidobacteria. Administration of FM or L. casei as suspension enhanced the phagocytic activity of macrophages. The anti-ovalbumin specific immune response was not increased by any supplement assayed. Conclusion: Administration of probiotics to obese hosts improved the gut microbiota and the mucosal immunity altered by obesity, down-regulated some biochemical parameters in blood associated with metabolic syndrome, and decreased liver steatosis. These results demonstrate the potential use of probiotics in obese individuals to decrease the body weight and to improve the biochemical and immunologic parameters altered by obesity. Fil: Novotny Núñez, Ivanna. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: Maldonado Galdeano, María Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Microbiología; Argentina Fil: de Moreno, Maria Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: Perdigon, Gabriela del Valle. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Microbiología; Argentina

Antitumour activity is one of the health-promoting effects attributed to probiotics specially analysed from preclinical models, mostly murine. Here, the effect of milk fermented by the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus casei CRL 431, on a murine breast cancer model was analysed. Mice were fed with milk fermented by Lactobacillus casei or unfermented milk before and after tumour injection. Rate of tumour development, cytokines in serum, IgA, CD4, CD8, F4/80 and cytokines positive cells in mammary glands were determined. Microvasculature in the tumour tissues was monitored. The effect of fermented milk administration after tumour injection was also evaluated. It was observed that probiotic administration delayed or blocked tumour development. This effect was associated to modulation of the immune response triggered by the tumour. The area occupied by blood vessels decreased in the tumours from mice given fermented milk which agrees with their small tumours, and fewer side effects. Finally, it was observed that probiotic administration after tumour detection was also beneficial to delay the tumour growth. In conclusion, we showed in this study the potential of milk fermented by the probiotic Lactobacillus casei CRL431 to stimulate the immune response against this breast tumour, avoiding or delaying its growth when it was preventively administrated and also when the administration started after tumour cells injection Fil: Aragón, Félix Fernando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina Fil: Carino, Silvia. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Odontología; Argentina Fil: Perdigon, Gabriela del Valle. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia; Argentina Fil: de Moreno, Maria Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina