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Organic mixed ionic‐electronic conductors with tunable doping, low threshold voltages, and air stability are crucial for bioelectronic applications. A homopolymer based on an alkoxy thiophene monomer and its copolymer with a thiophene carrying ethylene glycol side chains are synthesized and converted to self‐doped conjugated polyelectrolytes, P3HOTS‐TMA+, and P3HOTS‐TMA+‐co‐P3MEEET. The self‐doping occurs during the conversion to polyelectrolytes. Both polyelectrolytes show high electrical conductivity without any external dopants. UV–Vis–NIR spectroscopy and spectroelectrochemistry confirm excellent air stability of the doped state. In an organic electrochemical transistor (OECT), the P3HOTS‐TMA+ operates in depletion mode, while P3HOTS‐TMA+‐co‐P3MEEET exhibits accumulation mode of operation with low threshold voltage, both showing fast response times. On the other hand, the non‐doped homopolymer, P3MEEET, shows a high negative threshold voltage in accumulation mode. Thus, copolymerization with the self‐dopable monomer changes the mode of operation as well as the threshold voltage substantially. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy reveals a considerable reduction of the hole injection barrier for the self‐doped system P3HOTS‐TMA+. Mott‐Schottky analysis shows reduction in charge carrier concentration in the copolymer compared to the homopolymer. Thus, the copolymerization strategy with a self‐dopable monomer is an efficient tool for tuning the degree of doping leading to low threshold voltage in OECTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inexpensive cobalt‐catalyzed, pivalic acid‐assisted oxidative C−H functionalization of benzimidates or NH‐benzaldimines with ynamides is presented, providing an access to 3‐aminoisoquinoline derivatives. The procedure is compatible with various substrates featuring alkyl, alkoxy, acyl or halogen as substituents, heteroaryl structures, and diverse ynamides. The reaction has been scaled up, with subsequent transformation of the yielded products. Control experiments and mechanistic investigations corroborate the regioselectivity of this conversion, positioning the amine group proximal to the nitrogen atom in isoquinolines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several series of novel biheterocyclic compounds have been synthesized starting from 3‐alkoxy‐1H‐pyrazole‐4‐carbaldehydes and employing different types of multicomponent reactions. The structures of the obtained 4‐(pyrazol‐4‐yl)pyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazole, 4‐(pyrazol‐4‐yl)pyrazolo[4′,3′:5,6]pyrano[2,3‐b]quinoline, 4‐(pyrazol‐4‐yl)pyridine, and 4‐[(pyrazol‐4‐yl)methylidene]‐1,2‐oxazole derivatives were thoroughly characterized and confirmed using detailed nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and X‐ray analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2‐alkoxy‐3‐cyanopyridine derivatives' straightforward synthesis, ease of structural manipulation, and variety of intriguing biological activity continue to captivate medicinal chemists. A substantial body of research has demonstrated that these derivatives exhibit several intriguing biological characteristics, including anticancer, antibacterial, antidiabetic, antioxidant, vasorelaxant, antiviral, and anti‐inflammatory effects. Based on the basic skeleton of 2‐alkoxy‐3‐cyanopyridine, some lead compounds have been prepared with varied pharmaceutical characteristics. These served as excellent models for the development of novel medications since they showed potential in vitro and in vivo action against several cell lines that were both drug‐susceptible and drug‐resistant. To expand the use of 2‐alkoxy‐3‐cyanopyridine in biomedicine, though, a lot more efforts are essential. To combat medication resistance and boost specificity, potential hybrids that unite the 2‐alkoxy‐3‐cyanopyridine moiety with other pharmacophores are indeed required. This review offers a summary of pharmacological screening, including studies of pertinent structure‐activity connections, action mechanisms, and potential therapeutic use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid‐state assembling modes are as crucial as the chemical structures of single molecules for real applications. In this work, solid‐state structures and phase‐transition temperatures are investigated for a series of fluoranthene‐fused [3.3.3]propellanes consisting of a rigid three‐dimensional (3D) π‐core and varying lengths of alkoxy groups. Compounds in this series with n‐butoxy or longer alkoxy groups take an amorphous state at room temperature. In these molecules, rotatable biaryl‐type bonds are not incorporated and high D3h molecular symmetry is retained. Therefore, π‐fused [3.3.3]propellanes present a unique platform for amorphous molecular materials with low ratios of flexible alkoxy atoms to rigid π‐core ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of calamitic biphenyl ester-aromatic imine derived from the reaction of 4-formylphenyl-4'-(alkyloxy)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-carboxylate and p-anisidine have been successfully synthesised and characterised. The general molecular structures of ultimate compounds show the central fragment made up by a hybrid core of biphenyl ester-aromatic imine in which the terminal alkoxy chains, CnH2n + 1 in which n = 7–12 were connected to biphenyl while the other end consists of methoxy moiety attached to a phenyl ring. All the target compounds under polarised lights exhibit enantiotropic nematic phase of which the temperature range was further supported by DSC analysis. It can be summarised that the lengthening of terminal alkoxy chains has contributed to the lowering of melting and clearing temperatures as well as the thermal stability of nematic phase. A dedicated magnetic characterisation analysis disclosed that apart from a dominant diamagnetic character these compounds possess a noticeable magnetic interaction despite knowing that the compounds belong to the non-metal and non-radical containing species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes the synthesis and crystal structure of ten new Tc(V) complexes with pyrazine containing homologous alkoxy ligands. We carried out an analysis of the Hirshfeld surfaces for the described compounds and found out that with increasing length of the hydrocarbon substituent from CH3 to C10H21 the percentage of H⋯H interactions in crystals increases from 28% to 59%. The purpose of this article was to show the pattern of increase in interplanar distances in crystals depending on the length of the hydrocarbon substituent, and also to study the thermochemical properties of Tc(V) complexes. The mechanism of thermolysis does not depend on the length of the hydrocarbon substituent and differs only in the temperature range of the reactions. The absorption bands of the obtained complexes in IR and UV-vis spectra do not depend on the length of the hydrocarbon substituent. Using a complex with a propyl substituent as an example, the UV-vis spectral data of the mother solution are presented. Based on DFT calculations of spectra and molecular models, an indirect identification of the reaction intermediate is provided. Using a complex with a methyl substituent as an example, data on MALDI spectrometry are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New benzidine-based oligomers containing four Schiff base arms with terminal alkoxy chains CnH2n+1 (n = 6–12) were characterized by elemental, spectroscopic (UV, FT-IR, and NMR) and DFT techniques. The thermal-optical behaviors were observed using differential calorimetry and polarized optical microscope. Upon heating the molecules with n = 8, 10, and 12 exhibited endothermic peaks characteristic of the crystal-soft crystal B transition in addition to crystal-crystal subphases. It can be generalized that all oligomers showed unusual curing temperature of which the compounds with odd alkoxy chain carbon numbers possess lower curing temperatures in comparison with the analogous compounds of even parity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The alkylation of ethyl 2-aryl-1-hydroxy-4-methyl-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylates with substituted benzyl halides resulted in the selective formation of O-alkoxy derivatives. N-Alkylation products (1-alkylimidazole 3-oxides) were obtained by the condensation reaction from acyclic starting compounds. In the presence of the 2-hydroxyphenyl substituent in the 2-position of the imidazole ring, selective monoalkylation involving the hydroxyl substituent on the imidazole nitrogen takes place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new series of liquid crystals consisting of biphenyl unit connected to phenyl core system have been successfully prepared wherein various substituents X= OCH3, F, Cl, Br and I were introduced in the para position of the imine fragment while the length of terminal alkoxy chain of seven carbon atoms was intact. The mesomorphic and thermal studies by POM and DSC exhibit dominant enantiotropic nematic (N) phase. A relatively weak magnetism was detected with vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) for compounds 3F and 3I at room temperature, wherein the magnetic strength of fluoro-substituted compound appeared stronger than the iodo-substituted compound. The connectivity between the substituents X and their kinetic stability associated with the changes in HOMO-LUMO energy gap value (ΔEgap) supports that the terminal substituents X have great influence on the ΔEgap which can be ascribed to the chemical activity of the compounds. Present study shows an increase in the ΔEgap from OCH3 < I < Br < Cl < F, where the largest ΔEgap indicates high molecular kinetic stability and low chemical reactivity because adding electrons to high-lying LUMO is energetically unfavourable, resulting in disruption of the molecular packing and reduction of nematogenic, which were validated by DSC and POM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A convenient approach for the dehydroxyalkoxylation of hydroxy derivatives of pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyridine into the corresponding alkoxy derivatives via refluxing in the presence of sulfuric acid in an excess of the corresponding alcohol as solvent has been proposed. The synthesized compounds have been investigated as reagents for quantitative determination of mercury(II) ions. The lead compound has shown the mercury(II) ions detection limit in the nanomolar range, which is comparable to the performance of known reagents based on compounds of small molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH, EC 1.3.5.1) is one of the most promising targets for fungicide development and has attracted great attention worldwide. However, existing commercial fungicides targeting SDH have led to the increasingly prominent problem of pathogen resistance, so it is necessary to develop new fungicides. Herein, we used a structure-based molecular design strategy to design and synthesize a series of novel SDHI fungicides containing an N-(alkoxy)diphenyl ether carboxamide skeleton. The mycelial growth inhibition experiment showed that compound M15 exhibited a very good control effect against four plant pathogens, with inhibition rates of more than 60% at a dose of 50 μg/mL. A structure–activity relationship study found that N-O-benzyl-substituted derivatives showed better antifungal activity than others, especially the introduction of a halogen on the benzyl. Furthermore, the molecular docking results suggested that π–π interactions with Trp35 and hydrogen bonds with Tyr33 and Trp173 were crucial interaction sites when inhibitors bound to SDH. Morphological observation of mycelium revealed that M15 could inhibit the growth of mycelia. Moreover, in vivo and in vitro tests showed that M15 not only inhibited the enzyme activity of SDH but also effectively protected rice from damage due to R. solani infection, with a result close to that of the control at a concentration of 200 μg/mL. Thus, the N-(alkoxy)diphenyl ether carboxamide skeleton is a new starting point for the discovery of new SDH inhibitors and is worthy of further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Highly efficient and convenient methods for the preparation of 35 novel derivatives of 9-selenabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane and 9-selenabicyclo[3.3.1]nonene-2 in high yields based on the adduct of the transannular addition of SeBr2 to 1,5-cyclooctadiene were developed. The methods for the amination of the adduct made it possible to obtain both diamino selenabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane derivatives and their dihydrobromide salts in one step in 88–98% yields. The methods meet the criteria of click chemistry. Compounds with high glutathione peroxidase mimetic activity were found among water-soluble dihydrobromide salts. The selective reaction of 2,6-dibromo-9-selenabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane with acetonitrile to form 6-bromo-9-selenabicyclo[3.3.1]nonene-2 was discovered. The latter compound served as a promising starting material to give rise to the new class of selenabicyclo[3.3.1]nonene-2 derivatives, e.g., 6-alkoxy-9-selenabicyclo[3.3.1]nonenes were obtained in 94–99% yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article titled "Synthesis of 6-Alkylamino-2-alkylthio(alkoxy) Purine Derivatives: Antiplatelet Aggregation Activity Evaluation and 3D-QSAR Analysis" explores the relationship between the structure of purine derivatives and their ability to prevent platelet aggregation. The researchers synthesized 46 purine derivatives and tested their antiplatelet aggregation activity. They found that modifying the substituents on the purine ring could lead to more effective antiplatelet drugs. The study also includes a 3D-QSAR analysis to analyze the structural factors contributing to the activity. The findings provide valuable insights into the potential of these compounds as antiplatelet agents. [Extracted from the article]

The steroidal derivatives have been found to be extremely good mesogens since their origin. Due to their inherent chirality, they have the potential to induce a wide variety of liquid crystalline phases, including frustrated phases, depending on the structure of the steroidal skeleton and the substituents attached. In this report, thirteen new homologous Schiff's base derivatives were synthesised by condensing 4-n-alkoxy aniline with 4-formyl phenyl cholesteryl carbonate. All the compounds were characterised using elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. In order to study the liquid crystalline behaviour of the synthesised compounds, optical texture studies were carried out using polarising optical microscope in heating and cooling cycles. The derivatives showed a variety of mesophases, including chiral nematic (N*), twist grain boundary-A (TGBA), smectic A (SmA) and chiral smectic C (SmC*) phases. The thermal behaviour was determined using a differential scanning calorimeter and thermogravimetric analysis. All the synthesised compounds are UV-active and show photoluminescence in the blue emission region with good quantum yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first examples of azopyridine-based hydrogen-bonded liquid crystals (HBLCs) with thioether tail are reported. For this purpose, new HBLCs were designed and synthesised using 4-octylthiobenzoic acid as the proton donor and two different types of 4-alkoxyazopyridines as the proton acceptors. The first group of HBLCs has no lateral substitution, whereas the second has a lateral fluorine atom next to the alkoxy chain attached to the azopyridine derivative. Therefore, it was possible to investigate not only the effect of thioalkyl tail but also the influence of the aromatic core fluorination on the phase behaviour of the newly synthesised HBLCs. Hydrogen bond formation between the proton donor and the proton acceptors was confirmed using FTIR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD), while the liquid crystalline behaviour of the HBLCs was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarised light microscope (PLM). It was found that all the reported HBLCs are mesomorphic exhibiting smectic A (SmA) and/or smectic C (SmC) phases depending on the length of the alkoxy chain as well as the presence or absence of the lateral fluorine atom. The possibility of photo-switching of the reported HBLCs under UV light irradiation was demonstrated for some selected examples in solution as well as in the bulk state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BODIPYs are bicyclic aromatic compounds with unique spectroscopic, photophysical, and chemical properties. This study aimed to find BODIPYs with characteristics biocompatible with human cell lines for possible use as imaging agents. Six BODIPY derivatives were synthesised with groups linked to boron, fluorine, phenol, or catechol, resulting in compounds with different physicochemical characteristics. NMR, absorption, and emission spectroscopy and mass spectrometry were subsequently used to characterise them. Afterwards, the biocompatibility of these compounds was evaluated using MTT, SRB, and cellular uptake assays in A549 and H1299 cell lines. Furthermore, a haemolysis assay was performed on human blood cells. To summarise the main results, BODIPYs 1 to 4 showed considerable fluorescence. In contrast, BODIPYs 5 and 6 showed very weak fluorescence, which could be related to the presence of the catechol group and its quenching properties. Regarding biocompatibility, all compounds had metabolic activity and viability above 80% and 70%, respectively. BODIPYs 3 and 6 presented the most consistent data, demonstrating good uptake and, in general, haemolytic activity below 25%. In conclusion, the cytotoxic effects of the compounds were not considerable, and the presence of cyclic alkoxides in BODIPYs 3 and 6 may introduce exciting features that should be highlighted for dual imaging for BODIPY 3 due to its fluorescence or for radioactive labelling in the case of both BODIPYs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One new homologous series of mesogenic compounds containing imine (-CH = N-) and ester (-COO-) linkages as well as lateral thiol (−SH) group and terminal alkoxy chain was synthezised. Molecules in the present work was convinced with respective right structure confirmed with FT-IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Thermotropic properties of the compounds were investigated on a hot-stage plate of a polarising optical microscope and further by differential scanning calorimetry. All the compounds of the series exhibited excellent liquid crystalline nature. Structure-property relationships, the influence of different flexible spacers and the mesophase ranges were studied. Computational studies and the electron density method was performed with B3LYP method for all molecular structures in present work. The mesophase ranges were found to be dependent on the length and flexibility of the alkoxy chain, as well as the presence of the lateral thiol group. The comparative study of the present series with the geometrically related series provided valuable insights into the effect of molecular shape on the mesomorphic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optical, photophysical, and thermal properties of poly(paraphenylenevinylene) (PPV) derivatives of various symmetric alkoxyl substituents were studied with UV–vis and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Molar absorptivity coefficients of the symmetric monomers increased compared to that of hydroquinone and its derivatives. The symmetric polymers exhibited photoluminescence quantum yields in the range of 32%–39% and excited‐state lifetimes of 3.01–3.61 ns. The emission energy values for the calculated band gaps were in the range of 2.16–2.12 eV for the symmetric polymers. The photoluminescent characteristics of these compounds may show great potential in improving the emitting layers of electronic devices. The thermal behavior and heat changes of the symmetric dialkyl PPV polymers were monitored by TGA and DSC. Glass transition temperatures (Tg) for these polymers were observed as being in range of 67–108°C. The heat values of the symmetric dialkyl PPV polymers were found to be in range 220.41–599.98 J/g, and the entropy values of symmetric dialkyl PPV polymers were determined to be in range 0.567–1.754 J/ g °C. Highlights: • Symmetric poly(phenylene vinylene) (PPV) derivatives were prepared. • UV–vis spectroscopy was used for optical absorption studies. • Photophysical properties were examined by photoluminescence spectroscopy. • TGA was used for the thermal behavior of symmetric dialkyl PPV polymers. • Heat changes of symmetric dialkyl PPV polymers were investigated by DSC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we report on the discovery and development of novel cascade N−N bond forming reactions for the synthesis of rare indazole acetic acid scaffolds. This approach allows for convenient synthesis of three distinct indazole acetic acid derivatives (unsubstituted, hydroxy, and alkoxy) by heating 3‐amino‐3‐(2‐nitroaryl)propanoic acids with an appropriate nucleophile/solvent under basic conditions. The reaction tolerates a range of functional groups and electronic effects and, in total, 23 novel indazole acetic acids were synthesized and characterized. This work offers a valuable strategy for the synthesis of useful scaffolds for drug discovery programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of cationic p-tert-butylcalix[4]arenes, with side-arms that are functionalized with imidazolium groups, have been synthesized in good yields. The parent tetrahydroxy para-t-butyl-calix[4]arene was dialkylated at the phenolic hydrogen atoms using α,ω-dibromo-alkanes to yield bis(mono-brominated) alkoxy-chains of variable length. The brominated side-arms in these compounds were then further alkylated with substituted imidazoles (N-methylimidazole, N-(2,4,6-trimethyl-phenyl)imidazole, or N-(2,6-di-isopropylphenyl)imidazole) to yield a series of dicationic calixarenes with two imidazolium groups tethered, via different numbers of methylene spacers (n = 2–4), to the calixarene moiety. Related tetracationic compounds, which contain four imidazolium units linked to the calix[4]arene backbone, were also prepared. In all of these compounds, the NMR data show that the calixarenes adopted a cone configuration. All molecules were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and by MS studies. Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies were attempted on many mono-crystals of these cations, but significant disorder problems, partly caused by occluded solvent in the lattice, and lack of crystallinity resulting from partial solvent loss, precluded the good resolution of most X-ray structures. Eventually, good structural data were obtained from an unusually disordered single crystal of 5a, (1,3)-Cone-5,11,17,23-tetra-t-butyl-25,27-di-hydroxy-26,28-di-[2-(N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl-imidazolium)ethoxy]calix[4]arene dibromide and its presumed structure was confirmed. The structure revealed the presence of H-bonded interactions and some evidence of π-stacking. Some of these imidazolium salts were reacted with nickelocene to form the nickel N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes 7a–7d. A bis-carbene nickel complex 8 was also isolated and its structure was established by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The structure was disordered and not of high quality, but the structural data corroborated the spectroscopic data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis and characterisation of the 4-({[4'-nitro-(1,1'-biphenyl)−4-yl]oxy}carbonyl)phenyl 2-alkoxy-4-methoxybenzoates are reported: the 1O(m-On)PEPEBNO2 series. These materials include an additional phenyl ring compared to the extensively studied ferroelectric nematogen RM734, added to increase the liquid crystal transition temperatures. All members of the series exhibited both conventional nematic (N) phase and ferroelectric nematic (NF) phases; TNI and TNFN both decrease on increasing n, the length of the lateral alkoxy chain. The properties of this four-ring series are compared with analogous three-ring laterally substituted variants of RM734; the addition of the extra phenyl ring has a significantly more pronounced effect on the value of TNI than on TNFN. The increase in TNI may be attributed to the enhanced structural anisotropy and more favourable intermolecular interactions arising from the insertion of the phenyl ring, whereas the much weaker effect on TNFN may reflect a change in the shape of the molecule. We also report two materials with three-ring structures, the 4'-nitro-(1,1'-biphenyl)-4-yl 2-alkoxy-4-methoxybenzoates: 1O(m-On)PEBNO2 (n = 1 and 2). The removal of the ester linkage between RM734 and 1O(m-O1)PEPNO2 extinguishes the NF phase and this appears to be consistent with a model in which the molecules are described in terms of a longitudinal surface charge density wave. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New antitubercular agents with either a novel mode of action or novel mode of inhibition are urgently needed to overcome the threat of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB). The present study profiles new arylated quinoline carboxylic acids (QCAs) having activity against replicating and non-replicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of TB. Thus, the synthesis, characterization, and in vitro screening (MABA and LORA) of 48 QCAs modified with alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, halogens, and nitro groups in the quinoline ring led to the discovery of two QCA derivatives, 7i and 7m, adorned with C-2 2-(naphthalen-2-yl)/C-6 1-butyl and C-2 22-(phenanthren-3-yl)/C-6 isopropyl, respectively, as the best Mtb inhibitors. DNA gyrase inhibition was shown to be exhibited by both, with QCA 7m illustrating better activity up to a 1 μM test concentration. Finally, a docking model for both compounds with Mtb DNA gyrase was developed, and it showed a good correlation with in vitro results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A modified Gilch polymerization method, with optimized synthesis procedures were utilized to prepare poly(phenylene vinylene) (PPV) derivatives of differing symmetric alkoxyl substituents. The characterization techniques elemental analysis, FT-IR, NMR and LC–MS were utilized for all structural elucidations. 1H NMR spectra of the symmetric dialkyl PPV polymers gave aliphatic protons in region δ 0.84–4.15 ppm and aromatic protons in region δ 7.15–7.19 ppm. The polymers gave yields 37–69% with number-average degree of polymerization ( DP ¯ n ) of range 39–68 and polydispersity indices (PDI) in range 2.61–3.59. Further, the molecular weights, weight- and z-average M ¯ w and M ¯ z of the polymers were calculated to be in range 35,150–79,770 and 41,300–91,020, respectively. SEM was utilized to examine surface morphologies and the cross-sections of symmetrical dialkyl PPV polymer films. The HCl-doped films of the symmetrical dialkyl PPV polymers gave electrical conductivities in range 0.1847–0.4585 Scm−1. These conductive polymers gear attraction in electronic industries as active semiconductor materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We developed a new reaction entity of α‐imino gold carbenes involving alkoxy migration. The reaction would proceed through oxonium ylide formation by intramolecular addition of an alkoxy group, carbon‐oxygen bond cleavage, and carbon−carbon bond formation. We achieved an efficient gold‐catalyzed synthesis of indoline‐propellanes via a one‐pot sequence by using ethylene glycol as a trapping reagent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new terpolymer acceptor is presented, comprising various ratios of the same dithienothienopyrrolobenzothiadiazole (BTP) core with different side chains—alkoxy side chains (BTPO‐IC) and alkyl side chains (BTP‐IC)—and thiophene units, for use in all‐polymer organic photovoltaics. Devices incorporating binary blends of this terpolymer and the polymer PM6 as the active layer displayed open‐circuit voltages (VOC) that increase linearly upon increasing the molar ratio of BTPO‐IC. For example, the optimized device incorporating PM6:PY‐0.2OBO (i.e., with 20 mol% of BTPO‐IC) (1:1.2 wt.%) blend, with the smallest domain sizes but largest coherence length and combined face‐on and edge‐on orientation fractions among all blends, have a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.7% (VOC = 0.97 V; JSC = 25.2 mA cm−2; FF = 0.68), whereas the device containing a similar blend ratio of the PM6:PY‐OD:PY‐OBO ternary blend (1:0.96:0.24 wt.%) displayed a PCE of 8.6% (VOC = 0.969 V; JSC = 18.7 mA cm−2; FF = 0.48). The device with PM6:PY‐0.2OBO displays better thermal stability than the devices with PM6: PY‐OD or PY‐OBO. Thus, employing terpolymer acceptors with differently functionalized side‐chain units can be an effective approach for simultaneously optimizing the aggregation domain and enhancing the PCEs and thermal stabilities of all‐polymer devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A protonated and hydrated Dion-Jacobson-phase HSr2Nb3O10∙yH2O was used to prepare two series of inorganic–organic derivatives containing non-covalently intercalated n-alkylamines and covalently grafted n-alkoxy groups of different lengths, as they are promising hybrid materials for photocatalytic applications. Preparation of the derivatives was carried out both under the conditions of standard laboratory synthesis and by solvothermal methods. For all the hybrid compounds synthesized structure, quantitative composition, a type of bonding between inorganic and organic parts as well as light absorption range were discussed using powder XRD, Raman, IR and NMR spectroscopy, TG, elemental CHN analysis, and DRS. It was shown that the inorganic–organic samples obtained contain approximately one interlayer organic molecule or group per proton of the initial niobate, as well as some amount of intercalated water. In addition, the thermal stability of the hybrid compounds strongly depends on the nature of the organic component anchoring to the niobate matrix. Although non-covalent amine derivatives are stable only at low temperatures, covalent alkoxy ones can withstand heat up to 250 °C without perceptible decomposition. The fundamental absorption edge of both the initial niobate and the products of its organic modification lies in the near-ultraviolet region (370–385 nm). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cu-catalyzed reactions of N-alkoxy-2-methylanilines and alcohols in the presence of catalytic amounts of IPrCuBr and AgSbF6 afforded the corresponding meta-aminophenol derivatives in good to high yields. These reactions proceed via a [1,3]-rearrangement, in which the alkoxy group migrates from the nitrogen atom to the methyl-substituted ortho position, followed by an oxa-Michael reaction of the resulting ortho-quinol imine intermediate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inspired by the supramolecular architecture of cornflower blue we developed luminescent flavylium salts with lipophilic alkoxy or thioether side chains which self-assemble into liquid crystalline phases. The current account highlights some fundamental aspects of our biological 'role model' anthocyanine, the origin of the natural pigment cornflower blue, and our recent developments on novel liquid crystalline emissive dyes. Starting with the general synthesis of flavylium salts, other topics address variations of flavylium ILCs, including specific tuning of their mesomorphic and photophysical behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigation of mesomorphic properties of new 1,3,4-thiadiazolines (which are synthesised via many steps in Scheme 1) was carried out in this study. These compounds are designed to have a heterocyclic unit, a carboxylate linkage group and a polar ether chain at the end of the molecule adjacent to the benzene ring, which enhance the dipolar interactions forces (varied from one to eight carbons) to investigate the association properties of their phases. The structure of the target compounds and the intermediates were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass and FTIR spectral techniques. Polarised microscopic studies revealed that all the compounds in the series exhibited enantiotropic liquid crystalline properties. This was further confirmed using differential scanning calorimetric experiments. The synthesised compounds type [V]n in this study displayed different liquid crystalline mesophases and the homologous [V] having an alkoxy terminal group (n = 1–3) exhibited nematic phase, whilst the last derivatives of the series (4–8), displayed smectic A phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new class of Schiff base/ester compounds: ICln, 4-((2′-chlorophenylimino)methyl)phenyl-4″-alkoxy benzoates, were synthesized and their mesophase characteristics and thermal behavior were evaluated. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to study mesophase transitions, and polarized optical microscopy was carried out to identify the phases (POM). The results show that all compounds are monomorphic, and enantiotropic nematic (N) phases were seen at all side chains. It was found that lateral Cl atoms in the terminal benzene ring influence both conformation and mesomorphic properties. Comparisons between the present investigated lateral Cl derivatives and their laterally neat, as well as their isomeric, compounds have been briefly discussed. Results revealed that the insertion of lateral Cl substituent in the molecular structure impacts the type and stability of the formed mesophases. The exchanges of the ester-connecting moiety improve their thermal nematic stability than their previously prepared structurally isomeric derivatives. These compounds exhibit a broad absorption in the UV-Visible region, including a peak in UV region and a tail around 550 nm, and there were observed to be absorption tail increases and energy band gap decreases with the increase of the alkoxy side chain length. The photoluminescence (PL) intensity was noted to be quenched for the bulky alkoxy group ascribed to non-radiative recombination through the defect states. Moreover, time resolved fluorescence decay spectra reveal that both the radiative and non-radiative recombination lifetime increases with the increase of alkoxy side chain length. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aryl ketones, 9‐fluorenone (fluor), 9‐xanthenone (xanth) and 9,10‐anthraquinone (anth), were reacted with β‐diketiminato dimagnesium(I) compounds, [{(ArNacnac)Mg}2] (ArNacnac=[HC(MeCNAr)2]−, Ar=mesityl (Mes) or 2,6‐diisopropylphenyl (Dip)). This gave stable magnesium ketyl complexes which are monomeric, [(ArNacnac)(DMAP)Mg(fluor⋅)] (Ar=Mes or Dip, DMAP=4‐dimethylaminopyridine) and [(MesNacnac)Mg(xanth⋅)(xanth)]; dimeric, [{(MesNacnac)Mg(μ‐fluor⋅)}2], or tetrameric, [{(DipNacnac)Mg(μ‐anth⋅)}4]. In contrast, di‐2‐pyridylketone (OCPy2) is doubly reduced with [{(XylNacnac)Mg}2] (Xyl=xylyl) to give a diamagnetic alkoxy/amido complex, [{(XylNacnac)Mg}2(μ‐OCPy2)]. These complexes have been characterized by X‐ray crystallography, and in three cases, EPR spectroscopy. Regioselective C−C hetero‐coupling reactions between magnesium ketyls and phenanthroline (phen) have yielded the alkoxy compounds, [(MesNacnac)Mg(OCR2‐2‐phen)] (OCR2=xanth, OCPh2 or OC(Ph)(2‐Me−Ph)). In addition, homo‐ C−C couplings of the enones, chalcone (chalc) and dibenziylideneactetone (DBA), using magnesium(I) reducing agents, have afforded dimagnesium enolates, [{(ArNacnac)(THF)Mg}2(μ‐chalc2)] (Ar=Mes or Xyl) and [{(DipNacnac)(THF)Mg}2(μ‐DBA2)]. A pinacol coupling reaction between [{(DipNacnac)Mg}2] and 2‐adamantanone (OAd) yielded [{(DipNacnac)(OAd)Mg}2(μ‐OAd2)], presumably via a ketyl intermediate. This study further highlights the utility magnesium(I) compounds have as selective reducing agents in organic transformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new series of 1-(5-(4-alkoxy-3-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)thiophen-2-yl)-5-substituted-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole have been synthesized by a cyclocondensation reaction of 1,1,1-trifluoropentane-2,4-dione (1a) with (5-(4-methoxy-3-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)thiophen-2-yl)hydrazine (2). The structure of 1-(5-(4-alkoxy-3-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)thiophen-2-yl)-5-substituted-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole derivatives was characterized by spectroscopic analysis. The synthesized 3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole derivatives were screened for in vitro antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (NCIM 2574), Proteus mirabilis (NCIM 2388) Bacillus subtilis (NCIM 2063) and Staphylococcus albus (NCIM 2178) and in vitro antifungal activity against Candida albicans (NCIM 3100) and Aspergillus niger (ATCC 504). The compounds 4-(5-(5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)phenol (4) and 1-methyl-4-(4-(5-(5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)phenoxy)pyrrolidin-2-one (6e) showed moderate to good antibacterial and antifungal activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four series of di-flouro, namely; 4-substituted phenylazo-3-flouro phenyl-4'-n-alkoxy 3-flouro phenylazo benzoates (Ina-d) based on aromatic rings with the azo/ester/azo linkages core, were prepared and investigated for their mesomorphic properties. An alkoxy group with chain length varied from n = 6 to 16 is attached to the terminal phenylazobenzoate moiety and the other terminal is a compact group (X = --CH3O, --CH3, H and Br) attached to phenylazo moiety. The mesophases were investigated by DSC and POM and compared with previously investigated dilaterally methyl substituted analogues. Terminally unsubstituted and Br substituted analogues displayed dimorphic N and SmA phases, except the lower homologue (n = 6), while terminally -- CH3O analogues exhibited monomorphic N phase. For terminally -- CH3 substituted, compounds with n = 6-12 exhibited only N phase, while compounds with n = 14 and 16 displayed N and SmA phases. Meanwhile, the dilateral F substituents result in an enhancement in clearing thermal transitions compared with dilateral methyl substituents with a wide mesophase range. TGA analysis revealed that the prepared compounds are thermally stable within mesophase temperature range, except -- CH3O, --CH3 and Br derivatives with n = 6. Binary mixtures of I6a-d/I16a-d derivatives were investigated. The photo-physical property was also studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of new ethyl 7-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylates and their halogenated derivatives were synthesized. Ethyl 7-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylate (2) was obtained by the condensation of 2-amino-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and diethyl malonate. Halogenation of compound 2 with bromine led to the formation of 6,8-dibromo derivative 5, and the acylation and alkylation of 2 and 5 with acetic anhydride and p-chlorophenacyl bromide gave the corresponding acetoxy derivatives 3 and 6 and alkoxy derivatives 4 and 7. Compounds 2–7 were evaluated for their in vitro antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 and HepG2 cancer cell lines. The cell cycle analysis of compound 4 demonstrated cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and pre-G1 apoptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design and synthesis of new conjugated luminescent molecules have attracted the attention of researchers because of their various applications, especially in the field of optoelectronic devices. Most of the applications were mainly based on the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). For this purpose, we designed and synthesized a series of new donor–acceptor based disc type molecules i.e. 2,4,6-tris(4-(alkyloxy)phenyl)pyridines carrying variable alkoxy chains [i.e. n = 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16]. Further, the structures of all the synthesized compounds were confirmed by using ATR-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and ESI–MS analysis. Moreover, the photophysical property study indicated that all the molecules are blue light emitting materials, however the change of alkoxy chain length in phenyl arms does not affect their absorption, emission, and energy levels. Besides, the thermal study revealed that core is stable up to 350 °C. Also, the DFT study showed that the photo induced electron transfer caused by HOMO–LUMO excitation in the studied molecules. Therefore, all the molecules have potential applications in optoelectronic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methylthio moiety was observed to alter the mesomorphic features of rod-like Schiff-base-derived liquid crystalline materials. For this purpose, a new series of (E)-4-(alkoxy)-N-(4-(methylthio)benzylidene)aniline (In) liquid crystals were synthesized and examined using experimental and computational approaches. The compounds in the series differ from each other in the terminal alkoxy chain length that is attached to one end of the aromatic core. Various spectroscopic methods were used to verify the molecular structures of the produced derivatives. All compounds were checked for correct chemical structures using elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR. Both a polarized optical microscope (POM) and a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) were used in order to study the behavior of liquid crystals. Both tested compounds I6 and I8 have monotropic nematogenic properties while the longer chain derivative I16 shows non-mesomorphic behavior. Computational studies were carried out using density functional theory (DFT) calculations to validate the experimental results. All of the analyzed compounds had their reactivity characteristics, dipole moments, and polarizability explained. Finally, in order to determine the chemical shape–mesomorphic property relationship, the present examined series was compared to other structurally comparable homologues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new series of lower-rim-functionalized octa-substituted resorcin[4]arene-based supramolecular compounds with variable alkoxy side chains (–OC4H9, –OC6H13, –OC8H17, –OC10H21) has been synthesized by a simple two-step procedure. The proposed method is suitable for preparing lower-rim-functionalized resorcinarene-based compounds on a large scale and it is cost-effective as compared to other reported supramesogens. All four functionalized compounds displayed a columnar hexagonal phase (Colh) over a high mesophase temperature range. The optical texture and thermal behaviour of the target compounds were identified by POM and DSC studies and the molecular organization in the mesogenic state was further confirmed by PXRD. The molecular system based on a resorcinarene core with symmetrical substitution of alkyl arms exhibited columnar type self-assembly organization. All four supramolecules with different side alkyl spacers showed high thermal stability. Compound D4 with a decyloxy side chain was further optimized to implicate as optical window and transport layer in solar cells to replace the commercially available toxic Cd-based compound. Herein, we developed thin films of compound D4 on glass and Indium doped Tin oxide glass substartes followed by subjecting the prepared thin films to the characterization tools to explore optical and electical properties. The current–voltage relation shows ohmic-type behaviour. The optical properties display high transmittance in the far visible and NIR regions for all the developed thin films. The derivative showed optical energy band gaps of 1.61 eV, 4.01 eV and 2.27 eV for as deposited and film anneaeld at 100 °C and 200 °C, respectively and findings warrants its suitability for use as an ecofriendly optical window and transport layer in second and third generation solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, different assortments of 2-arylquinolines and 2,6-diarylquinolines have been developed. Recently, we have developed a new series of 6,7-dimethoxy-4-alkoxy-2-arylquinolines as Topoisomerase I (TOPI) inhibitors with potent anticancer activity. Utilising the SAR outputs from this study, we tried to enhance anticancer and TOPI inhibitory activities. Though target quinolines demonstrated potent antipro-liferative effect, specifically against colorectal cancer DLD-1 and HCT-116, they showed weak TOPI inhibition which may be attributable to their non-coplanarity. Thereafter, screening against kinase panel revealed their dual inhibitory activity against EGFR and FAK. Quinolines 6f, 6h, 6i, and 20f were the most potent EGFR inhibitors (IC50s = 25.39, 20.15, 22.36, and 24.81 nM, respectively). Meanwhile, quinolines 6f, 6h, 6i, 16d, and 20f exerted the best FAK inhibition (IC50s = 22.68, 14.25, 18.36, 17.36, and 15.36 nM, respectively). Finally, molecular modelling was employed to justify the promising EGFR/FAK inhibition. The study outcomes afforded the first reported quinolines with potent EGFR/FAK dual inhibition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liquid crystal properties of compounds with a variety of polar terminal groups including cyano, fluoro, isothiocyanato, etc., were studied well, however, not enough attention was given to nitro terminal compounds. In this work, a series of fluorine tail terminated alkoxy nitrobiphenyl compounds were synthesised and their mesogenic properties were analysed. In addition, the simple alkoxy nitrobiphenyl compounds were synthesised and analysed in order to compare them with fluoro-alkoxy nitrobiphenyl compounds and for binary mixture analysis. Fluorine tail termination to the alkoxy chain does suppress the smectic phase that was observed for the simple alkoxy nitrobiphenyl compounds with longer chains. Fluorine tail terminated alkoxy nitrobiphenyl compounds with longer chains (C7-C10) show monotropic nematic phase around ambient temperature and supercooling properties and these compounds are useful for a binary mixture analysis. Moreover, computation and experimental analyses of the alkoxy nitrobiphenyl compounds were performed to investigate the potential use of these nitro terminal compounds as chemoresponsive liquid crystal materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Multi-cation alkoxy chains cross-linked poly (p-terphenyl piperidinium) AEMs was successfully synthesized. • The ethylene oxide (EO) units in the middle of side chains induced microphase separation structure established the coherent and ordered ion channel. • QPTP-NOBN 15 exhibited the highest ionic conductivity (166.6 mS cm−1) at 80 °C. • OH− conductivity and alkali durability of multi-cation alkoxyl chain cross-linked QPTP were enhanced simultaneously. AEMs with high ionic conductivity and excellent alkali stability are one of the cores to ensure that AEMWE achieves high performance. For the current problems of AEMs, multi-cation side chain crosslinkers present a mitigation strategy for the inherent "trade-off" between ion conductivity and mechanical strength and ensure exceptional alkali resistance. Herein, we introduced the first report on cross-linked AEMs with several hydrophilic multi-cation alkoxy chains, featuring ethylene oxide (EO). The differentiation in the hydrophilic/hydrophobic microphase separation structures, characterized by varying positions of the alkoxy chains within the three-stage multi-cation crosslinker, was explored by experiments and simulation, as well as bearing on the comprehensive performance of AEMs. Notably, EO located in the middle of multi-cations crosslinker was found to establish a coherent and ordered ion channel. QPTP-NOBN 15 AEM exhibited the highest OH− conductivity (166.6 mS cm−1) and demonstrated lower water uptake (44.4 %) and swelling ratio (14.5 %) at 80°C. And meticulously designed cross-linked structures, along with ether-free backbones, bestowed upon QPTP-NOBN 15 impressive alkali stability. After being retained in 1 M KOH solutions for 1200 h, ion conductivity of QPTP-NOBN 15 remained largely unaffected. Furthermore, QPTP-NOBN 15 -MEA was evaluated by water electrolysis in 1 M KOH solutions at 60°C and found that the current density reached 1.8 A cm−2 at 2.99 V. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Two homologous series of coumarin derivatives possessing Schiff base with alkoxy biphenyl were synthesized and fully characterized. • In the BPS(6–16) series, compounds with n = 6–10 showed enantiotropic N & SmC phase, while with n = 12–16 showed enantiotropic SmC phase. • In the 10BPU(2–16) series, similar trend of mesophase behaviour was observed on increasing alkoxy chain length. • The DFT calculations have been conducted for both the series and compared with the literature molecules to understand the mesomorphic behaviour. Two homologous series of coumarin Schiff base derivatives with 4′-alkoxy biphenyl-4-carboxaldehyde have been designed and synthesized. All the compounds were analyzed IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, ESI-MS and CHN analysis followed by mesomorphic properties polarizing optical microscopy (POM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. In the first homologous series BPS(6–16) , Schiff base of 7-alkoxy-3-aminocoumarin with 4′-alkoxy biphenyl-4-carboxaldehyde, alkoxy chain length was varied systematically at both end of the molecules such as n = 6,8,10,12,14,16. In this series, BPS(6–10) (n = 6,8,10) exhibited enantiotropic nematic(N) and smectic C (SmC) mesophase and turned to monophasic on increasing the chain length n = 12,14,16 in BPS(12–16) with stable SmC mesophase. While in the second homologous series 10BPU(2–16) , systemic variation of alkoxy chain length was carried out at coumarin end only (n = 2–18) and 4′-decyloxy-biphenyl-4-carboxaldehyde was used for Schiff base formation. In the this series, early member of the series with n = 2,3 showed enantiotropic very stable (∼ 145 °C) nematic mesophase, while N as well as SmC mesophase were observed for n = 4–8 at, whereas with increase of chain length stability of nematic mesophase was decreased and that of SmC was increased. Higher membered analogous 10BPU(12–16) exhibited SmC mesophase with stability in the rage of 130–160 °C. VT-XRD analysis was also confirmed the tilted SmC mesophase in this class of compounds. For both the series, all compounds were studied for the DFT calculations as well as literature molecules with similar variations. Based on the calculated structural (length, aspect ratio) and electronic (dipole moment, polarizability) parameters were correlated with mesomorphic behaviour observed for literature compounds and compounds from both the series followed by the detailed discussion. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• 4-(4′-n-Alkoxy cinnamoyloxy)benzal 4′-trifluromethoxy aniline derivatives have been designed and synthesized for the first time. • Samples with varying alkoxy chains have been analyzed. • Structural relationship and mesophase properties have been studied using DFT tool. • Antimicrobial performance examined by comparing to standard drug molecules. A novel homologous series of cinnamoyl ester encompassing of twelve homologues liquid crystal samples containing 4′-trifluoromethoxy aniline moiety have been designed and developed to understand their mesophase analysis using polarizing optical microscope, differential scanning calorimetry, spectral analysis and density functional theory approach. The prepared each samples show nematic-smectic A phase with good temperature range of mesophase affected by the variation of side alkyl chains. In addition, present LC samples of cinnamoyl ester trifluro derivatives were tested for their antimicrobial performance and the obtained results reveals a good biological potential for the studied LC homologous series. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Allyl halides with triflamide under oxidative conditions form halogen-substituted amidines. Allyl cyanide reacts with triflamide in acetonitrile or THF solutions in the presence of NBS to give the products of bromotriflamidation with a solvent interception, whereas in CH2Cl2 two regioisomers of the bromotriflamidation product without a solvent interception were obtained. The formed products undergo base-induced dehydrobromination to give linear isomers with the new C=C bond conjugated either with the nitrile group or the amidine moiety or alkoxy group. Under the same conditions, the reaction of allyl alcohol with triflamide gives rise to amidine, which was prepared earlier by the reaction of diallyl formal with triflamide. Unlike their iodo-substituted analogs, bromo-substituted amidines successfully transform into imidazolidines under the action of potassium carbonate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detection of light in the near‐infrared (NIR) and shortwave infrared (SWIR) spectral range is essential for the wide practical applications of biometrics, surveillance, machine vision, etc., in which organic molecules have gained growing interest as the potential sensing materials. In this study, the newly synthesized donor–acceptor type copolymers consisting of [1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4‐g]quinoxaline core unit with phenyl pendant groups as the acceptor and thiophene unit as the donor for achieving high‐efficiency organic SWIR photodetectors are presented. A further variation of the alkoxy chain lengths in the core unit allows the optimized device to exhibit a high external quantum efficiency of 19.5%–21.7% at 1200 nm under the low reverse bias of −1 V, leading to a high detectivity up to 2.96 × 1010 Jones for the spectral range beyond 1 µm. This further suggests the possible origin of the molecular structure‐dependent device performance in terms of the molecular stacking, morphological changes, and charge‐transporting properties in the bulk heterojunction blends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of 51 novel sulfonylurea compounds with ortho‐alkoxy substituent at phenyl ring were chemically synthesized and spectroscopically characterized. The biological activities of the target compounds were evaluated using the enzyme inhibition against acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS; EC 2.2.1.6) from fungal or plant source, as well as cell‐based antifungal assay and greenhouse pot herbicidal assay. Among the target compounds, 6e showed desirable antifungal activity against Candida albicans standard isolate sc5314 with minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of 0.39 mg/L (0.98 μM) after 24 h, and 6a demonstrated promising pre‐emergence herbicidal activity against Echinochloacrus‐galli at 30 g/ha dosage. Representative compounds 6a, 6e, and 6i showed no cell cytotoxicity even at 40 mg/L concentration. Theoretical DFT calculations indicated HOMO maps should be considered to understand the structure–activity relationships. The present study has hence provided useful information for further discovery of novel antifungal agents or selective herbicides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aggregation behavior of an amphiphilic copper(II) complex was studied in solution by means of UV‐Vis and EPR spectroscopy. While dilute solutions in polar media do not give indication of relevant intermolecular interactions, concentrated solutions in nonpolar media clearly do not reflect the molecular properties of [CuL] (H2L: N2O2 ligand of the Jäger‐type with bulky head‐group and long alkoxy tailing). Massive broadening of EPR‐lines is prevalent in non‐polar media, such as n‐heptane and iso‐octane. In combination with DFT‐modelling, the solvent‐dependence of the EPR response (line widths and Cu‐hyperfine coupling) could be associated with the formation of oligomers with weak anti‐ferromagnetically coupled copper centers. Weak anti‐ferromagnetic coupling becomes evident also by SQUID magnetometry at T<10 K of solid samples of [CuL]. The tendency towards supramolecular aggregation is unequivocally shown by electron microscopy of dried (TEM) and frozen samples (cryo‐TEM). While the former approach gives evidence of the formation of extended 2D sheet‐like structures with extensions on the micrometer scale, the latter technique identifies the formation of 1D thread‐like structures with lengths of several hundred nanometers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, microwave assisted ring opening of benzonorbornadiene epoxide with alcohols was investigated. New alkoxy alcohols were synthesized regioselectively by Wagner--Meerwein rearrangement in short reaction times (up to 10 minutes) with high yield in the presence of a cheap and environmentally friendly heterogeneous montmorillonite-K10 catalyst. The products were purified by filtration only. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]