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5. The (in)formality of mobility in the ECOWAS region: The paradoxes of free movement

Author

Arhin-Sam, Kwaku, Bisong, Amanda, Jegen, Leonie, Mounkaila, Harouna, Zanker, Franzisca, Arhin-Sam, Kwaku, Bisong, Amanda, Jegen, Leonie, Mounkaila, Harouna, and Zanker, Franzisca

Abstract

The free movement protocols of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) have never been fully implemented, yet within the region people have continued to move relatively freely. At the same time, the original aim to improve mobility appears to be changing to one of control over mobility. Drawing on fieldwork data as well as a collaborative, deliberative process of uncovering what free movement means in conversations with a group of West African scholars and activists, this article seeks to better understand free movement in the region, despite all its paradoxes. It shows how formal free movement is undermined by several regional and national impediments, including weak ECOWAS institutions, divergent national interests among individual member states and infrastructural challenges like accessing ID cards, as well as external influence from the EU. These however work in convergence with a practice of everyday mobility within socio-political spaces that cross borders.

Published
2022
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6. Diagnosis and clinical outcomes of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in antiretroviral therapy programmes in low‐ and middle‐income countries: a multicohort study

Author

Zürcher, Kathrin, Ballif, Marie, Kiertiburanakul, Sasisopin, Chenal, Henri, Yotebieng, Marcel, Grinsztejn, Beatriz, Michael, Denna, Sterling, Timothy R., Ngonyani, Kapella M., Mandalakas, Anna M., Egger, Matthias, Pettit, April C., Fenner, Lukas, Veloso, Valdilea, Luz, Paula, Boni, Raquel, Wagner, Sandra Cardoso, Friedman, Ruth, Moreira, Ronaldo, Madero, Juan Sierra, Ramirez, Brenda Crabtree, Belaunzaran, Paco, Vega, Yanink Caro, Gotuzzo, Eduardo, Mejia, Fernando, Carriquiry, Gabriela, Mcgowan, Catherine C., Shepherd, Bryan E., Sterling, Timothy, Jayathilake, Karu, Person, Anna K., Rebeiro, Peter F., Giganti, Mark, Castilho, Jessica, Duda, Stephany N., Maruri, Fernanda, Vansell, Hilary, Uy, E, Bantique, R, Vihingsanon, A, Gatechompol, S, Phanuphak, P, Phadungphon, C, Kiertiburanakul, S, Phuphuakrat, A, Chumla, L, Sanmeema, N, Nguyen, Kv, Bui, Hv, Nguyen, Dth, Nguyen, Dt, Cuong, Dd, An, Nv, Luan, Nt, Sohn, Ah, Ross, Jl, Petersen, B, Cooper, Da, Law, Mg, Jiamsakul, A, Boettiger, Dc, Ssali, John, Ssemakadde, Mathew, Ngonyani, Kapella, Lwali, Jerome, Urassa, Mark, Machemba, Richard, Wools?Kaloustian, Kara, Yiannoutsos, Constantin, Vreeman, Rachel, Musick, Beverly, Elul, Batya, Kantor, Rami, Martin, Jeffrey, Wenger, Megan, Cohen, Craig, Kulzer, Jayne, Zannou, Djimon Marcel, Azon?Kouanou, Angèle, Traore, Hamar Alassane, Minta, Daouda, Toure, Amadou Abathina, Seydi, Moussa, Bassabi, Coumba Cissé, Dabis, François, Bissagnene, Emmanuel, Arrivé, Elise, Coffie, Patrick, Ekouevi, Didier, Jaquet, Antoine, Leroy, Valériane, Lewden, Charlotte, Sasco, Annie J., Amani, Dieudonné, Azani, Jean?Claude, Balestre, Eric, Bessekon, Serge, Bohossou, Franck, Gilbert, Camille, Karcher, Sophie, Gonsan, Jules Mahan, Le Carrou, Jérôme, Lenaud, Séverin, Nchot, Célestin, Malateste, Karen, Yao, Amon Roseamonde, Siloué, Bertine, Clouet, Gwenaelle, Dosso, Madikona, Doring, Alexandra, Kouakou, Adrienne, Rabourdin, Elodie, Rivenc, Jean, Anglaret, Xavier, Ba, Boubacar, Ciaranello, Andrea, Datté, Sébastien, Desmonde, Sophie, Diby, Jean?Serge Elvis, Gottlieb, Geoffrey S., Kangah, Serge N'Zoré, Malvy, Denis, Meless, David, Mounkaila?Harouna, Aida, Ndondoki, Camille, Tchounga, Boris, Thiébaut, Rodolphe, Wandeler, Gilles, Dusingize, Jean Claude, Mutimura, Eugene, Tatwangire, Judy, Izabelle, Izimukwiye, Baramperanye, Evelyne, Edmonds, Andrew, Azinyue, Innocent, and Ayangma, Liliane

Subjects
Antiviral agents -- Statistics -- Patient outcomes, Tuberculosis -- Statistics -- Diagnosis -- Patient outcomes, Developing countries -- Statistics -- Health aspects, HIV patients -- Statistics -- Drug therapy, Health
Abstract

: Introduction: Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is difficult to confirm bacteriologically and requires specific diagnostic capacities. Diagnosis can be especially challenging in under‐resourced settings. We studied diagnostic modalities and clinical outcomes of EPTB compared to pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) among HIV‐positive adults in antiretroviral therapy (ART) programmes in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC). Methods: We collected data from HIV‐positive TB patients (≥16 years) in 22 ART programmes participating in the International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) consortium in sub‐Saharan Africa, Asia‐Pacific, and Caribbean, Central and South America regions between 2012 and 2014. We categorized TB as PTB or EPTB (EPTB included mixed PTB/EPTB). We used multivariable logistic regression to assess associations with clinical outcomes. Results and Discussion: We analysed 2695 HIV‐positive TB patients. Median age was 36 years (interquartile range (IQR) 30 to 43), 1102 were female (41%), and the median CD4 count at TB treatment start was 114 cells/μL (IQR 40 to 248). Overall, 1930 had PTB (72%), and 765 EPTB (28%). Among EPTB patients, the most frequently involved sites were the lymph nodes (24%), pleura (15%), abdomen (11%) and meninges (6%). The majority of PTB (1123 of 1930, 58%) and EPTB (582 of 765, 76%) patients were diagnosed based on clinical criteria. Bacteriological confirmation (using positive smear microscopy, culture, Xpert MTB/RIF, or other nucleic acid amplification tests result) was obtained in 897 of 1557 PTB (52%) and 183 of 438 EPTB (42%) patients. EPTB was not associated with higher mortality compared to PTB (adjusted odd ratio (aOR) 1.0, 95% CI 0.8 to 1.3), but TB meningitis was (aOR 1.9, 95% CI 1.0 to 3.1). Bacteriological confirmation was associated with reduced mortality among PTB patients (aOR 0.7, 95% CI 0.6 to 0.8) and EPTB patients (aOR 0.3 95% CI 0.1 to 0.8) compared to TB patients with a negative test result. Conclusions: Diagnosis of EPTB and PTB at ART programmes in LMIC was mainly based on clinical criteria. Greater availability and usage of TB diagnostic tests would improve the diagnosis and clinical outcomes of both EPTB and PTB., Introduction In low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC), tuberculosis (TB) accounts for approximately 40% of HIV/AIDS‐related deaths among adults, and half of those TB cases are undiagnosed at the time of [...]

Published
2019
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8. Réactions et résilience des populations face à la crue de 2012 dans le cinquième arrondissement de Niamey

Author

Abdou Alou, Adam, Lutoff, Céline, and Mounkaila, Harouna

Subjects
Environmental sciences, réactions, reactions, Niamey, risque, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, GE1-350, inondation, flood, resilience, résilience, risk, General Environmental Science
Abstract

Face à la menace récurrente des crues que subit régulièrement le cinquième arrondissement de la ville de Niamey, cette étude s’intéresse à la manière dont les autorités de la ville et les populations font face aux phénomènes d’inondation. En s’appuyant sur l’inondation exclusive de 2012, elle vise à comprendre les logiques de chacun de ces acteurs dans les stratégies mises en œuvre au moment et à la suite de l’événement. Combinant les approches qualitative et quantitative, l’étude a ainsi permis de mettre en évidence les mesures développées par les autorités de la ville et les individus pour faire face aux événements. Face à l’événement de 2012 et aux dysfonctionnements observés en termes d’alerte et d’évacuation des populations, des mesures de protection active et de prévention passant par le renforcement de la digue de protection de la ville, la relocalisation des populations les plus exposées et l’interdiction de construire en zone à risque d’inondation ont été initiées par les autorités de la ville. Ces mesures ont été complétées par diverses stratégies d’autoprotections individuelles usant des matériaux locaux dans la reconstruction des habitations plus résistantes à l’eau. This study focuses on the way in which authorities and populations deal with flooding phenomena. The fifth municipality of Niamey city has been threatened since 2012.This situation impacts on economy of its population. The aim of this article is to understand the logics of each of these actors in implemented strategies at the time and following the event. Combining qualitative and quantitative approaches, the study made it possible to highlight several measures developed by authorities and individuals to deal with the events. In response to the 2012 phenomena and the dysfunctions observed in terms of warning and population evacuation, prevention and protection strategies including enhancement of protective dike along the river as well as the relocation of the most exposed populations and prohibition of construction in flood zones have been initiated by the authorities. These measures have been complemented by various individual self-protection strategies using local materials in water-resistant housing reconstruction.

Published
2021

9. Characteristics of HIV-2 and HIV-1/HIV-2 Dually Seropositive Adults in West Africa Presenting for Care and Antiretroviral Therapy: The IeDEA-West Africa HIV-2 Cohort Study.

Author

Didier K Ekouevi, Eric Balestre, Patrick A Coffie, Daouda Minta, Eugene Messou, Adrien Sawadogo, Albert Minga, Papa Salif Sow, Emmanuel Bissagnene, Serge P Eholie, Geoffrey S Gottlieb, François Dabis, IeDEA West Africa collaboration, Djimon Marcel Zannou, Carin Ahouada, Jocelyn Akakpo, Christelle Ahomadegbé, Jules Bashi, Alice Gougounon-Houéto, Angèle Azon-Kouanou, Fabien Houngbé, Sikiratou Koumakpaï, Florence Alihonou, Marcelline d'Almeida, Irvine Hodonou, Ghislaine Hounhoui, Gracien Sagbo, Leïla Tossa-Bagnan, Herman Adjide, Joseph Drabo, René Bognounou, Arnaud Dienderé, Eliezer Traore, Lassane Zoungrana, Béatrice Zerbo, Adrien Bruno Sawadogo, Jacques Zoungrana, Arsène Héma, Ibrahim Soré, Guillaume Bado, Achille Tapsoba, Diarra Yé, Fla Kouéta, Sylvie Ouedraogo, Rasmata Ouédraogo, William Hiembo, Mady Gansonré, Eugène Messou, Joachim Charles Gnokoro, Mamadou Koné, Guillaume Martial Kouakou, Clarisse Amani Bosse, Kouakou Brou, Achi Isidore Assi, Henri Chenal, Denise Hawerlander, Franck Soppi, Yao Abo, Germain Bomisso, Serge Paul Eholié, Mensah Deborah Noelly Amego, Viviane Andavi, Zelica Diallo, Frédéric Ello, Aristophane Koffi Tanon, Serge Olivier Koule, Koffi Charles Anzan, Calixte Guehi, Edmond Addi Aka, Koffi Ladji Issouf, Jean-Claude Kouakou, Marie-Sylvie N'gbeche, Pety Touré, Divine Avit-Edi, Kouadio Kouakou, Magloire Moh, Valérie Andoblé Yao, Madeleine Amorissani Folquet, Marie-Evelyne Dainguy, Cyrille Kouakou, Véronique Tanoh Méa-Assande, Gladys Oka-Berete, Nathalie Zobo, Patrick Acquah, Marie-Berthe Kokora, Tanoh François Eboua, Marguerite Timité-Konan, Lucrèce Diecket Ahoussou, Julie Kebé Assouan, Mabéa Flora Sami, Clémence Kouadio, Lorna Renner, Bamenla Goka, Jennifer Welbeck, Adziri Sackey, Seth Ntiri Owiafe, Christian Wejse, Zacarias José Da Silva, Joao Paulo, Amabelia Rodrigues, David da Silva, Candida Medina, Ines Oliviera-Souto, Lars Ostergaard, Alex Laursen, Morten Sodemann, Peter Aaby, Anders Fomsgaard, Christian Erikstrup, Jesper Eugen-Olsen, Moussa Y Maïga, Fatoumata Fofana Diakité, Abdoulaye Kalle, Drissa Katile, Hamar Alassane Traore, Tidiani Cissé, Mamadou Dembelé, Mohammed Doumbia, Mahamadou Fomba, Assétou Soukho Kaya, Abdoulaye M Traoré, Hamady Traoré, Amadou Abathina Toure, Fatoumata Dicko, Mariam Sylla, Alima Berthé, Hadizatou Coulibaly Traoré, Anta Koïta, Niaboula Koné, Clémentine N'diaye, Safiatou Touré Coulibaly, Mamadou Traoré, Naïchata Traoré, Man Charurat, Samuel Ajayi, Stephen Dapiap, Otu, Festus Igbinoba, Okwara Benson, Clément Adebamowo, Jesse James, Obaseki, Philip Osakede, John Olasode, Bernard Diop, Noël Magloire Manga, Judicael Malick Tine, Haby Signate Sy, Abou Ba, Aida Diagne, Hélène Dior, Malick Faye, Ramatoulaye Diagne Gueye, Aminata Diack Mbaye, Akessiwe Patassi, Awèrou Kotosso, Benjamin Goilibe Kariyare, Gafarou Gbadamassi, Agbo Komi, Kankoé Edem Mensah-Zukong, Pinuwe Pakpame, Annette Koko Lawson-Evi, Yawo Atakouma, Elom Takassi, Améyo Djeha, Ayoko Ephoévi-Gah, Sherifa El-Hadj Djibril, Elise Arrivé, Patrick Coffie, Didier Ekouevi, Antoine Jaquet, Valériane Leroy, Charlotte Lewden, Annie Sasco, Jean-Claude Azani, Gérard Allou, Franck Bohossou, Sophie Karcher, Jules Mahan Gonsan, Jérôme Le Carrou, Séverin Lenaud, Célestin Nchot, Karen Malateste, Amon Roseamonde Yao, Bertine Siloué, Gwenaelle Clouet, Hugues Djetouan, Alexandra Doring, Adrienne Kouakou, Elodie Rabourdin, Jean Rivenc, Xavier Anglaret, Boubacar Ba, Jean Bosco Essanin, Andrea Ciaranello, Sébastien Datté, Sophie Desmonde, Jean-Serge Elvis Diby, Apollinaire Gninlgninrin Horo, Serge N'zoré Kangah, Denis Malvy, David Meless, Aida Mounkaila-Harouna, Camille Ndondoki, Caroline Shiboski, Rodolphe Thiébaut, Pac-Ci, and Abidjan

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

HIV-2 is endemic in West Africa. There is a lack of evidence-based guidelines on the diagnosis, management and antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV-2 or HIV-1/HIV-2 dual infections. Because of these issues, we designed a West African collaborative cohort for HIV-2 infection within the framework of the International epidemiological Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA).We collected data on all HIV-2 and HIV-1/HIV-2 dually seropositive patients (both ARV-naive and starting ART) and followed-up in clinical centres in the IeDEA-WA network including a total of 13 clinics in five countries: Benin, Burkina-Faso Côte d'Ivoire, Mali, and Senegal, in the West Africa region.Data was merged for 1,754 patients (56% female), including 1,021 HIV-2 infected patients (551 on ART) and 733 dually seropositive for both HIV-1 and HIV 2 (463 on ART). At ART initiation, the median age of HIV-2 patients was 45.3 years, IQR: (38.3-51.7) and 42.4 years, IQR (37.0-47.3) for dually seropositive patients (p = 0.048). Overall, 16.7% of HIV-2 patients on ART had an advanced clinical stage (WHO IV or CDC-C). The median CD4 count at the ART initiation is 166 cells/mm(3), IQR (83-247) among HIV-2 infected patients and 146 cells/mm(3), IQR (55-249) among dually seropositive patients. Overall, in ART-treated patients, the CD4 count increased 126 cells/mm(3) after 24 months on ART for HIV-2 patients and 169 cells/mm(3) for dually seropositive patients. Of 551 HIV-2 patients on ART, 5.8% died and 10.2% were lost to follow-up during the median time on ART of 2.4 years, IQR (0.7-4.3).This large multi-country study of HIV-2 and HIV-1/HIV-2 dual infection in West Africa suggests that routine clinical care is less than optimal and that management and treatment of HIV-2 could be further informed by ongoing studies and randomized clinical trials in this population.

Published
2013
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10. Attori e sfide intorno all'asilo in Niger

Author

Boyer, Florence, Mounkaila, Harouna, Unite de recherche migrations et sociétés (URMIS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR205-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Abdou Moumouni [Niamey]

Subjects
Niger, asilo, controllo delle frontiere, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

International audience; Il saggio ripercorre le tappe principali che hanno concorso a rendere il Niger un Paese-chiave nell’attuazione della politica europea di controllo delle frontiere e per la creazione di uno spazio di asilo a sud del Mediterraneo. Nel caso di Agadez, storico crocevia di migrazioni e fieldwork della ricerca, il ruolo assunto dalle organizzazioni internazionali si confronta, non senza tensioni, con le istanze della comunità e degli attori politici locali. L’asilo legale e l’accoglienza umanitaria destinati alle personeprovenienti dalla Libia e dall’Algeria diventano, così, l’oggetto specifico di una negoziazione a cui i diretti interessati non prendono parte.

Published
2020

12. L'européanisation des politiques migratoires au Sahel : le Niger dans l'imbroglio sécuritaire

Author

Boyer, Florence, Mounkaila, Harouna, Boyer, Florence, Unite de recherche migrations et sociétés (URMIS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR205-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Abdou Moumouni [Niamey], and LASDEL

Subjects
[SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018

14. Implementation of Tuberculosis Intensive Case Finding, Isoniazid Preventive Therapy, and Infection Control ('Three I's') and HIV-Tuberculosis Service Integration in Lower Income Countries

Author

Charles, M.K., Lindegren, M.L., Wester, C.W., Blevins, M., Sterling, T.R., Dung, N.T., Dusingize, J.C., Avit-Edi, D., Durier, N., Castelnuovo, B., Nakigozi, G., Cortes, C.P., Ballif, M., Fenner, L., Ajayi, S., Anastos, K., Bashi, J., Bishai, W., Boulle, A., Braitstein, P., Carriquiry, G., Carter, J.E., Cegielski, P., Chimbetete, C., Davies, M.-A., Diero, L., Duda, S., Egger, M., Eboua, T.F., Gasser, A., Geng, E., Gnokori, J.C., Hardwicke, L., Hoffmann, C., Huebner, R., Kancheya, N., Kiertiburanakul, S., Kim, P., Lameck, D., Leroy, V., Lewden, C., Mandalakas, A., Maskew, M., McKaig, R., Mofenson, L., Mpoudi-Etame, M., Okwara, B., Phiri, S., Prasitsuebsai, W., Petit, A., Prozesky, H., Reid, S.E., Renner, L., Reubenson, G., Sohn, A., Vo, Q., Walker, D., Wehbe, F., Wejse, C., Williams, C., Wood, R., Wools-Kaloustian, K., Yao, Z., Yunihastuti, E., Zhang, F.J., Zhao, H.X., Han, N., Merati, T.P., Wirawan, D.N., Yuliana, F., Ditangco, R., Uy, E., Bantique, R., Phanuphak, P., Ruxrungtham, K., Avihingsanon, A., Khongphattanayothin, M., Sungkanuparph, S., Sanmeema, N., Chaiwarith, R., Sirisanthana, T., Kotarathititum, W., Pham, T.T., Cuong, D.D., Ha, H.L., Nguyen, V.K., Bui, V.H., Nguyen, T.D., Sohn, A.H., Petersen, B., Cooper, D.A., Law, M.G., Jiamsakul, A., Boettiger, D.C., Wati, D.K., Atmikasari, L.P.P., Malino, I.Y., Nallusamy, R., Chan, K.C., Lumbiganon, P., Kosalaraksa, P., Tharnprisan, P., Udomphanit, T., Phongsamart, W., Wittawatmongkol, O., Dung, K.T.K., Lam, N.V., An, P.N., Loan, N.T., Truong, H.K., Du, T.Q., Chau, N.H., Do, C.V., Ha, M.T., Nipathakosol, P., Kariminia, A., Mutimura, E., Gitembagara, A., Tatwangire, J., Izabelle, I., Niyongabo, T., Twizere, C., Baramperanye, E., Edmonds, A., Yotebieng, M., Azinyue, I., Ayangma, L., Dickinson, D., Eley, B., Fritz, C., Garone, D., Giddy, J., MacPhail, P., Moultrie, H., Ndirangu, J., Pestilli, S., Rabie, H., Stringer, J., Technau, K., Graber, C., Kaeser, F., Keiser, O., Cornell, M., Maxwell, N., Zannou, D.M., Ahouada, C., Akakpo, J., Ahomadegbé, C., Gougounon-Houéto, A., Azon-Kouanou, A., Houngbé, F., Sehonou, J., Koumakpaï, S., Alihonou, F., D'Almeida, M., Hodonou, I., Hounhoui, G., Sagbo, G., Tossa-Bagnan, L., Adjide, H., Drabo, J., Bognounou, R., Dienderé, A., Traore, E., Zoungrana, L., Zerbo, B., Sawadogo, A.B., Zoungrana, J., Héma, A., Soré, I., Bado, G., Tapsoba, A., Yé, D., Kouéta, F., Ouedraogo, S., Ouédraogo, R., Hiembo, W., Gansonré, M., Messou, E., Gnokoro, J.C., Koné, M., Kouakou, G.M., Bosse, C.A., Brou, K., Assi, A.I., Chenal, H., Hawerlander, D., Soppi, F., Minga, A., Abo, Y., Yoboue, J.-M., Eholié, S.P., Amego, M.D.N., Andavi, V., Diallo, Z., Ello, F., Tanon, A.K., Koule, S.O., Anzan, K.C., Guehi, C., Aka, E.A., Issouf, K.L., Kouakou, J.-C., N'Gbeche, M.-S., Pety, T., Kouakou, K., Moh, M., Yao, V.A., Folquet, M.A., Dainguy, M.-E., Kouakou, C., Méa-Assande, V.T., Oka-Berete, G., Zobo, N., Acquah, P., Kokora, M.-B., Timité-Konan, M., Ahoussou, L.D., Assouan, J.K., Sami, M.F., Kouadio, C., Goka, B., Welbeck, J., Sackey, A., Owiafe, S.N., Da Silva, Z.J., Paulo, J., Rodrigues, A., Da Silva, D., Medina, C., Oliviera-Souto, I., Østergaard, L., Laursen, A., Sodemann, M., Aaby, P., Fomsgaard, A., Erikstrup, C., Eugen-Olsen, J., Maïga, M.Y., Diakité, F.F., Kalle, A., Katile, D., Traore, H.A., Minta, D., Cissé, T., Dembelé, M., Doumbia, M., Fomba, M., Kaya, A.S., Traoré, A.M., Traoré, H., Toure, A.A., Dicko, F., Sylla, M., Berthé, A., Traoré, H.C., Koïta, A., Koné, N., N'Diaye, C., Coulibaly, S.T., Traoré, M., Traoré, N., Charurat, M., Alim, G., Dapiap, S., Otu, Igbinoba, F., Benson, O., Adebamowo, C., James, J., Obaseki, Osakede, P., Olasode, J., Seydi, M., Sow, P.S., Diop, B., Manga, N.M., Tine, J.M., Bassabi, C.C., Sy, H.S., Ba, A., Diagne, A., Dior, H., Faye, M., Gueye, R.D., Mbaye, A.D., Patassi, A., Kotosso, A., Kariyare, B.G., Gbadamassi, G., Komi, A., Mensah-Zukong, K.E., Pakpame, P., Lawson-Evi, A.K., Atakouma, Y., Takassi, E., Djeha, A., Ephoévigah, A., Djibril, S.E.-H., Dabis, F., Bissagnene, E., Arrivé, E., Coffie, P., Ekouevi, D., Jaquet, A., Sasco, A.J., Amani, D., Azani, J.-C., Balestre, E., Bessekon, S., Bohossou, F., Gilbert, C., Karcher, S., Gonsan, J.M., Le Carrou, J., Lenaud, S., Nchot, C., Malateste, K., Yao, A.R., Siloué, B., Clouet, G., Dosso, M., Doring, A., Kouakou, A., Rabourdin, E., Rivenc, J., Anglaret, X., Ba, B., Essanin, J.B., Ciaranello, A., Datté, S., Desmonde, S., Diby, J.-S.E., Gottlieb, G.S., Horo, A.G., Kangah, S.N., Malvy, D., Meless, D., Mounkaila-Harouna, A., Ndondoki, C., Shiboski, C., Tchounga, B., Thiébaut, R., Wandeler, G., McGowan, C., Cahn, P., Gotuzzo Herencia, José Eduardo, Reyes, M.W., Grinsztejn, B., Pape, J.W., Padgett, D., and Madero, J.S.

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Program evaluation, Bacterial Diseases, poverty, Physiology, Antitubercular Agents, lcsh:Medicine, HIV Infections, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Occupational safety and health, Geographical Locations, 0302 clinical medicine, case finding, Health care, lowest income group, Medicine and Health Sciences, Coughing, Medicine, Infection control, 030212 general & internal medicine, lcsh:Science, fever, Multidisciplinary, antiretrovirus agent, adult, HIV diagnosis and management, sputum smear, Vaccination and Immunization, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Caribbean Region, Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Management, protective equipment, tuberculosis control, Research Article, medicine.medical_specialty, isoniazid, Tuberculosis, Asia, integrated health care system, 030106 microbiology, HIV prevention, Immunology, Developing country, Antiretroviral Therapy, complication, 610 Medicine & health, World Health Organization, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Signs and Symptoms, Tuberculosis diagnosis, Antiviral Therapy, Human immunodeficiency virus infection, night sweat, 360 Social problems & social services, Environmental health, parasitic diseases, Isoniazid, Humans, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.01.05 [https], human, coughing, Poverty, tuberculin test, Caribbean, Preventive medicine, Infection Control, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, business.industry, screening, lcsh:R, Biology and Life Sciences, occupational safety, South America, medicine.disease, Tropical Diseases, Diagnostic medicine, mask, Public and occupational health, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.02.07 [https], People and Places, Africa, Physical therapy, tuberculostatic agent, lcsh:Q, weight reduction, business, Physiological Processes
Abstract

SETTING World Health Organization advocates for integration of HIV-tuberculosis (TB) services and recommends intensive case finding (ICF), isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT), and infection control ("Three I's") for TB prevention and control among persons living with HIV. OBJECTIVE To assess the implementation of the "Three I's" of TB-control at HIV treatment sites in lower income countries. DESIGN Survey conducted between March-July, 2012 at 47 sites in 26 countries: 6 (13%) Asia Pacific, 7 (15%), Caribbean, Central and South America, 5 (10%) Central Africa, 8 (17%) East Africa, 14 (30%) Southern Africa, and 7 (15%) West Africa. RESULTS ICF using symptom-based screening was performed at 38% of sites; 45% of sites used symptom-screening plus additional diagnostics. IPT at enrollment or ART initiation was implemented in only 17% of sites, with 9% of sites providing IPT to tuberculin-skin-test positive patients. Infection control measures varied: 62% of sites separated smear-positive patients, and healthcare workers used masks at 57% of sites. Only 12 (26%) sites integrated HIV-TB services. Integration was not associated with implementation of TB prevention measures except for IPT provision at enrollment (42% integrated vs. 9% non-integrated; p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Implementation of TB screening, IPT provision, and infection control measures was low and variable across regional HIV treatment sites, regardless of integration status.

Published
2016

15. Revue systématique des facteurs de risque modifiables des cancers de la muqueuse buccale

Author

Karine Ligier, Elise Arrivé, Aida Mounkaila Harouna, Morgane Trouillet, Médéric de la Reberdière, and Jean-Christophe Fricain

Subjects
Periodontics, Dentistry (miscellaneous), Oral Surgery
Abstract

Les cancers de la cavite buccale (CCB) et des levres occupaient, en 2008, le 16eme rang des cancers dans le monde. Les principaux facteurs de risque connus de ces cancers sont le tabac et l’alcool mais il existe d’autres facteurs pouvant etre cibles dans le cadre d’une prevention primaire. L’objectif de cette etude etait d’identifier les facteurs de risque evitables et les facteurs protecteurs des cancers de la muqueuse buccale a travers une revue systematique de la litterature scientifique recente. Les mots cles indexes dans le MeSH « risk factors » et « mouth neoplasms » ont ete appliques dans la base de donnees PubMed. Les articles publies entre le 01/01/2005 et le 01/01/2011 en anglais et en francais ont ete retenus s’ils traitaient de CCB et d’un ou de plusieurs facteurs de risque. Les articles s’interessant exclusivement aux cancers des glandes salivaires ou aux facteurs de risque genetiques, de meme que les articles rapportant des etudes transversales ou de qualite insuffisante, ont ete exclus. Sur 325 references, 32 ont ete retenues : 19 etudes cas-temoins, 8 cohortes prospectives et 5 meta-analyses ; 2 etudes concernaient uniquement le cancer des levres. Les principaux facteurs de risque mis en evidence etaient la consommation d’alcool et de tabac et leur effet synergique. Des facteurs genetiques, comme le polymorphisme du gene codant pour l’alcool deshydrogenase ont ete identifies comme cofacteurs. Le HPV 16 implique dans la survenue du cancer du col de l’uterus pourrait avoir un role oncogene sur la muqueuse buccale. Des etudes ont identifie des facteurs locaux (traumatisme, mauvaise hygiene…) mais elles ne sont pas apparues suffisamment fiables methodologiquement pour pouvoir s’appuyer sur leurs conclusions. L’exposition aux ultra-violets a ete mise en cause dans la survenue du cancer des levres, principalement chez les sujets transplantes. Une association entre CCB et exposition professionnelle importante aux pesticides et a certains solvants a egalement ete retrouvee. Au contraire, une alimentation riche en fruits et legumes frais, la consommation de cafe et les visites regulieres chez le chirurgien-dentiste etaient associees a une diminution du risque de CCB.Les CCB sont accessibles a une prevention primaire, axee aujourd’hui en France sur la lutte contre le tabagisme et la consommation d’alcool, qui s’integre dans une demarche de sante publique plus globale car ces facteurs de risque sont communs a d’autres cancers et a d’autres maladies chroniques frequentes. Dans cette logique, le programme de vaccination contre le HPV implique dans le cancer du col de l’uterus et le Programme National Nutrition Sante auront peut-etre un effet favorable sur l’incidence des CCB. En ce qui concerne la prevention secondaire, le depistage des lesions precancereuses ou de lesions invasives a un stade precoce fait l’objet de mesures dans le Plan cancer gouvernemental 2009–2013.

Published
2012

16. Detection and management of drug-resistant tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients in lower-income countries

Author

I. Izabelle, F. Ello, H. Ssemuwemba, S. Phiri, J. Olasode, Marie-Sylvie N’Gbeche, S. Kouadio, Jesper Eugen-Olsen, M. Mpoudi-Etame, Cristin Q. Fritz, S. Dapiap, J. Zoungrana, Antoine Jaquet, Aristophane Tanon, Rasmata Ouédraogo, N. T. Loan, E. J. Carter, Obaseki, F. F. Diakité, H. X. Zhao, Kulkanya Chokephaibulkit, Z. J. da Silva, Peter Aaby, Dewi Kumara Wati, David da Silva, L. Ayangma, K. Jjingo, P. Kim, Romanee Chaiwarith, James Ndirangu, Valériane Leroy, L. P. P. Atmikasari, N. Zobo, H. Chenal, Rita Lyamuya, Catherine C. McGowan, Keswadee Lapphra, Wanatpreeya Phongsamart, B. B. Mwebesa, Théodore Niyongabo, D. Katile, B. Ba, Matthias Egger, L. Mofenson, A. Mounkaila-Harouna, Boris Tchounga, M. Moh, Elom Takassi, Haby Signaté Sy, G. Sagbo, F. Kaeser, Eduardo Gotuzzo, Guillaume Bado, C. C. McGowan, S. Karcher, Constantin T. Yiannoutsos, V. H. Bui, Christopher J. Hoffmann, Didier K. Ekouevi, J. Akakpo, I. Azinyue, S. Kiertiburanakul, S. O. Koule, W. Bishai, Mariam Guindo Traoré, C. Williams, Elise Arrivé, A. Tapsoba, S. Bessekon, Patrick A. Coffie, F. Yuliana, A. Gougounon-Houéto, Somnuek Sungkanuparph, Y. Abo, Q. Vo, Praphan Phanuphak, M. B. Kokora, Kouadio Kouakou, Fla Kouéta, M. E. Dainguy, O. Benson, I. Soré, W. Prasitsuebsai, Harry Moultrie, C. Guehi, Beatriz Grinsztejn, T. Q. Du, L. Diecket Ahoussou, Z. Diallo, N. Traoré, Firas Wehbe, C. V. Do, J. Tatwangire, A. Kotosso, F. Soppi, Amabelia Rodrigues, Juan Sierra Madero, P. S. Sow, Rodolphe Thiébaut, I. Y. Malino, Moussa Seydi, Helena Rabie, A. Dienderé, Geoffrey Somi, Emmanuel Bissagnene, Elizabeth A. Bukusi, H. C. Traoré, David A. Cooper, N. M. Manga, P. Osakede, S. Ajayi, J. Paulo, Marguerite Timite-Konan, Andrew Edmonds, B. Diop, A. M. Traoré, W. Hiembo, A. Koïta, M. Faye, A. Azon-Kouanou, Christian Wejse, Claudia P. Cortes, T. Pety, N. Durier, Thira Sirisanthana, Camille Ndondoki, Karl-Günter Technau, J. S. Elvis Diby, G. Alim, M. D'Almeida, A. Komi, J. Bashi, J. M. Tine, D. Hawerlander, R. Ditangco, Akouda Patassi, A. Kalle, F. J. Zhang, Lorna Renner, N. H. Chau, Janet Giddy, G. Clouet, Samwel O. Ayaya, A. Sohn, Lars Østergaard, Sylvie Ouédraogo, Clement Adebamowo, Azar Kariminia, John Ssali, Joseph Drabo, M. Dembelé, Nicola Maxwell, Albert Minga, M. D.N. Amego, Wilai Kotarathititum, Christian Erikstrup, H. A. Traore, Kapella Zacharia Ngonyani, E. Geng, Lukas Fenner, A. Diagne, Marcelo Wolff, A. I. Assi, A. Sackey, A. R. Yao, M. F. Sami, Edmond Addi Aka, H. Adjide, Pagakrong Lumbiganon, Karen Malateste, L. Diero, M. Gansonré, P. N. An, A. H. Sohn, D. Meless, D. Avit-Edi, D. Walker, L. Hardwicke, A. S. Kaya, Véronique Mea-Assande, G. S. Gottlieb, Denis Padgett, Eric Balestre, Candida Medina, D. Amani, C. Kouakou, C. Shiboski, E Messou, B. G. Kariyare, M. Ballif, W. Wester, J. M. Gonsan, G. Gbadamassi, A. Ba, M. Fomba, Denis Malvy, R. Bantique, S. N. Owiafe, Andrew Kambugu, Festus Igbinoba, M. Y. Maiga, C. Ahomadegbé, A. Berthé, R. D. Gueye, C. C. Bassabi, Djimon Marcel Zannou, Olivia Keiser, Kara Wools-Kaloustian, K. E. Mensah-Zukong, A. Doring, C. Chimbetete, J. Rivenc, V. Andavi, F. Alihonou, S. Datté, S. Pestilli, T. Mengthaisong, Kathryn Anastos, A. D. Mbaye, D. Lameck, Claire Graber, J. Lewis-Kulzer, G. Reubenson, B. Siloué, Marcel Yotebieng, K. T.K. Dung, C. Ahouada, Severin Lenaud, J. Welbeck, D. Dickinsonn, L. Zoungrana, A. Avihingsanon, T. T. Cao, V. K. Nguyen, Morten Sodemann, J. C. Dusingize, B. Okwara, C. Lewden, H. Traoré, Patrick MacPhail, David C Boettiger, G. Oka-Berete, H. K. Truong, F. Houngbé, Robin Wood, Venerandah Nhandu, J. C. Azani, G. Wandeler, K. L. Issouf, K. C. Anzan, Andrea L. Ciaranello, Awachana Jiamsakul, M. T. Ha, K. Brou, M. Maskew, L. Tossa-Bagnan, B. Zerbo, P. Pakpame, Xavier Anglaret, Jean W. Pape, J. B. Essanin, A. Petit, A. Kouakou, E. Rabourdin, Orasri Wittawatmongkol, Daniela Garone, S. El-Hadj Djibril, S. Duda, C. Twizere, K. C. Chan, Annie J. Sasco, N. Sanmeema, N. V. Lam, J. Conrad, Q. T. Du, P. Tharnprisan, Z. Yao, A. Djeha, Siriatou A. Koumakpai, Joachim Gnokoro, I. Hodonou, Sabine Hermans, Timothy R. Sterling, C. Nchot, D. Minta, E. Yunihastuti, T. F. Eboua, T. Cissé, Revathy Nallusamy, Jeffrey S. A. Stringer, Dabis F, F. Bohossou, Brian Eley, E. Traore, R. McKaig, Matthew Law, Manhattan Charurat, G. M. Kouakou, Madeleine Amorissani Folquet, A. Mandalakas, Sophie Desmonde, S. Eholié, J. K. Assouan, Andrew Boulle, Tuti Parwati Merati, A. Koko Lawson-Evi, Eugene Mutimura, C. A. Bosse, M Dosso, Fred Nalugoda, T. T. Pham, T. Udomphanit, H. L. Ha, N. Kancheya, N. Han, J. Sehonou, S. N. Kangah, R. Huebner, A. Gasser, C. Gilbert, Appolinaire Horo, J. C. Kouakou, D. Yé, P. Acquah, A. Héma, Pope Kosalaraksa, Hans Prozesky, J. James, Fatoumata Dicko, P. Cahn, Moussa Doumbia, I. Oliviera-Souto, Morna Cornell, Elenore Judy B. Uy, G. Hounhoui, J. E. Carter, V. A. Yao, Adrien Sawadogo, B. Petersen, S. E. Reid, B. Goka, G. Carriquiry, M. A. Davies, P. Nipathakosol, J. Le Carrou, M. L. Lindegren, H. Dior, P. Cegielski, E. Baramperanye, Mariam Sylla, Anders Fomsgaard, P. Braitstein, S. T. Coulibaly, D. D. Cuong, C. N'Diaye, M. Kone, Dewa Nyoman Wirawan, A. Gitembagara, Niaboula Koné, K. Ruxrungtham, R. Bognounou, Aissatou Touré, A. Ephoévi-gah, Alex Lund Laursen, and Y. Atakouma

Subjects
Male, Questionnaires, West African, Pediatrics, Asia Pacific, Antitubercular Agents, HIV Infections, Drug resistance, rifampicin, South Africa, drug resistant tuberculosis, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant, Central Africa, antiretrovirus agent, Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient, clinical practice, microbial sensitivity test, Infectious Diseases, priority journal, urban population, Female, anti human immunodeficiency virus agent, supply and distribution, medicine.drug, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Adult, isoniazid, medicine.medical_specialty, Tuberculosis, Asia, phenotype, Anti-HIV Agents, Developing country, MDR-TB, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.03.08 [https], preventive medicine, Article, South and Central America, socioeconomics, medicine, Humans, controlled study, human, rural population, drug sensitivity, Developing Countries, Directly Observed Therapy, Preventive healthcare, ART programs, Caribbean, business.industry, questionnaire, Drug resistant tuberculosis, developing country, CD4 lymphocyte count, Central africa, Central America, South America, medicine.disease, major clinical study, Latin America, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.02.07 [https], Africa, world health organization, tuberculostatic agent, business, Rifampicin
Abstract

SETTING: Drug resistance threatens tuberculosis (TB) control, particularly among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected persons.OBJECTIVE: To describe practices in the prevention and management of drug-resistant TB under antiretroviral therapy (ART) programs in lower-income countries.DESIGN: We used online questionnaires to collect program-level data on 47 ART programs in Southern Africa (n = 14), East Africa (n = 8), West Africa (n = 7), Central Africa (n = 5), Latin America (n = 7) and the Asia-Pacific (n = 6 programs) in 2012. Patient-level data were collected on 1002 adult TB patients seen at 40 of the participating ART programs.RESULTS: Phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST) was available in 36 (77%) ART programs, but was only used for 22% of all TB patients. Molecular DST was available in 33 (70%) programs and was used in 23% of all TB patients. Twenty ART programs (43%) provided directly observed therapy (DOT) during the entire course of treatment, 16 (34%) during the intensive phase only, and 11 (23%) did not follow DOT. Fourteen (30%) ART programs reported no access to second-line anti-tuberculosis regimens; 18 (38%) reported TB drug shortages.CONCLUSIONS: Capacity to diagnose and treat drug-resistant TB was limited across ART programs in lower-income countries. DOT was not always implemented and drug supplies were regularly interrupted, which may contribute to the global emergence of drug resistance.

Published
2014

17. Partir pour aider ceux qui restent ou la dépendance face aux migrations

Author

Boyer, Florence and Mounkaila, Harouna

Abstract

Dans les régions sahéliennes, le sort des paysans est étroitement lié à leur mobilité spatiale. Les pénuries alimentaires fréquentes et la croissance démographique poussent de nombreux hommes à migrer de manière temporaire afin de pallier les déficiences de l’agriculture villageoise. Leur absence est rythmée par le type de culture agricole mis en place dans les villages, car c’est de lui que dépend la capacité de financement de la migration. Ces mobilités circulaires dévoilent ainsi une relation d’interdépendance inédite avec leurs espaces de départ.

Published
2013

18. Training of Supervisors of Primary Schol Teacher Training Institutions and Quality of Basic Education in Niger : An Analysis of Profiles, Motivation and Working Conditions

Author

Goza, Nana Aicha, Kallekoye, Zoumari Issa, and Mounkaila, Harouna

Abstract

The study concerns the training of supervisors1 of primary school teacher training institutions (ENI2) in Niger with a particular focus on profiles, working conditions, and motivation. It aims at determining in what ways these variables influence or affect teaching activities. The results show that the variables related to profile and bad working conditions determine motivation which in turn affects classroom teaching behaviours.

Published
2008

22. Effect of cotrimoxazole prophylaxis on the incidence of malaria in HIV-infected children in 2012, in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: a prospective cohort study.

Author

Mounkaila Harouna, Aïda, Amorissani-Folquet, Madeleine, Tanoh Eboua, François, Desmonde, Sophie, N'Gbeche, Sylvie, Addi Aka, Edmond, Kouadio, Kouakou, Kouacou, Brou, Malateste, Karen, Bosse-Amani, Clarisse, Ahuatchi Coffie, Patrick, and Leroy, Valeriane

Subjects
*CO-trimoxazole, *DRUG efficacy, *HIV-positive persons, *HIGHLY active antiretroviral therapy, *THERAPEUTICS, MALARIA transmission
Abstract

Background: Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis has an antimalarial effect which could have an additional protective effect against malaria in HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy (ART). We measured the incidence and associated factors of malaria in HIV-infected children on ART and/or cotrimoxazole in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire. Methods: All HIV-infected children <16 years, followed-up in the IeDEA West-African paediatric cohort (pWADA) in Abidjan, were prospectively included from May to August 2012, the rainy season. Children presenting signs suggesting malaria had a thick blood smear and were classified as confirmed or probable malaria. We calculated incidence density rates (IR) per 100 child-years (CY). Risk factors were assessed using a Poisson regression model. Results: Overall, 1117 children were included, of whom 89 % were ART-treated and 67 % received cotrimoxazole. Overall, there were 51 malaria events occurring in 48 children: 28 confirmed and 23 probable; 94 % were uncomplicated malaria. The overall IR of malaria (confirmed and probable) was 18.3/100 CY (95 % CI: 13.3-23.4), varying from 4.2/100 CY (95 % CI: 1.1-7.3) in children on ART and cotrimoxazole to 57.3/100 CY (95 % CI: 7.1-107.6) for those receiving no treatment at all. In univariate analysis, age <5 years was significantly associated with a 2-fold IR of malaria compared to age >10 years (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 2.18, 95 % CI: 1.04-4.58). Adjusted for severe immunodeficiency, cotrimoxazole reduced significantly the IR of first malarial episode (adjusted IRR [aIRR] = 0.13, 95 % CI: 0.02-0.69 and aIRR = 0.05, 95 % CI:0.02-0.18 in those off and on ART respectively). Severe immunodeficiency increased significantly the malaria IR (aIRR = 4.03, 95 % CI: 1.55-10.47). When considering the IR of confirmed malaria only, this varied from 2.4/100 CY (95 % CI: 0.0-4.8) in children on ART and cotrimoxazole to 34.4/100 CY (95 % CI: 0.0-73.3) for those receiving no treatment at all. In adjusted analyses, the IR of malaria in children on both cotrimoxazole and ART was significantly reduced (aIRR = 0.05, 95 % CI: 0.01-0.24) compared to those receiving no treatment at all. Conclusions: Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis was strongly protective against the incidence of malaria when associated with ART in HIV-infected children. Thus, these drugs should be provided as widely and durably as possible in all HIV-infected children <5 years of age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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24. Characteristics of HIV-2 and HIV-1/HIV-2 Dually Seropositive Adults in West Africa Presenting for Care and Antiretroviral Therapy: The IeDEA-West Africa HIV-2 Cohort Study.

Author

Ekouevi DK, Balestre E, Coffie PA, Minta D, Messou E, Sawadogo A, Minga A, Sow PS, Bissagnene E, Eholie SP, Gottlieb GS, Dabis F, Zannou DM, Ahouada C, Akakpo J, Ahomadegbé C, Bashi J, Gougounon-Houéto A, Azon-Kouanou A, Houngbé F, Koumakpaï S, Alihonou F, d'Almeida M, Hodonou I, Hounhoui G, Sagbo G, Tossa-Bagnan L, Adjide H, Drabo J, Bognounou R, Dienderé A, Traore E, Zoungrana L, Zerbo B, Sawadogo AB, Zoungrana J, Héma A, Soré I, Bado G, Tapsoba A, Yé D, Kouéta F, Ouedraogo S, Ouédraogo R, Hiembo W, Gansonré M, Messou E, Gnokoro JC, Koné M, Kouakou GM, Bosse CA, Brou K, Assi AI, Chenal H, Hawerlander D, Soppi F, Minga A, Abo Y, Bomisso G, Eholié SP, Amego MD, Andavi V, Diallo Z, Ello F, Tanon AK, Koule SO, Anzan KC, Guehi C, Aka EA, Issouf KL, Kouakou JC, N'gbeche MS, Touré P, Avit-Edi D, Kouakou K, Moh M, Yao VA, Folquet MA, Dainguy ME, Kouakou C, Méa-Assande VT, Oka-Berete G, Zobo N, Acquah P, Kokora MB, Eboua TF, Timité-Konan M, Ahoussou LD, Assouan JK, Sami MF, Kouadio C, Renner L, Goka B, Welbeck J, Sackey A, Owiafe SN, Wejse C, Silva ZJ, Paulo J, Rodrigues A, da Silva D, Medina C, Oliviera-Souto I, Ostergaard L, Laursen A, Sodemann M, Aaby P, Fomsgaard A, Erikstrup C, Eugen-Olsen J, Maïga MY, Diakité FF, Kalle A, Katile D, Traore HA, Minta D, Cissé T, Dembelé M, Doumbia M, Fomba M, Kaya AS, Traoré AM, Traoré H, Toure AA, Dicko F, Sylla M, Berthé A, Traoré HC, Koïta A, Koné N, N'diaye C, Coulibaly ST, Traoré M, Traoré N, Charurat M, Ajayi S, Dapiap S, Otu, Igbinoba F, Benson O, Adebamowo C, James J, Obaseki, Osakede P, Olasode J, Sow PS, Diop B, Manga NM, Tine JM, Signate Sy H, Ba A, Diagne A, Dior H, Faye M, Gueye RD, Mbaye AD, Patassi A, Kotosso A, Kariyare BG, Gbadamassi G, Komi A, Mensah-Zukong KE, Pakpame P, Lawson-Evi AK, Atakouma Y, Takassi E, Djeha A, Ephoévi-Gah A, Djibril Sel-H, Dabis F, Bissagnene E, Arrivé E, Coffie P, Ekouevi D, Jaquet A, Leroy V, Lewden C, Sasco A, Azani JC, Allou G, Balestre E, Bohossou F, Karcher S, Gonsan JM, Carrou JL, Lenaud S, Nchot C, Malateste K, Yao AR, Siloué B, Clouet G, Djetouan H, Doring A, Kouakou A, Rabourdin E, Rivenc J, Anglaret X, Ba B, Essanin JB, Ciaranello A, Datté S, Desmonde S, Diby JS, Gottlieb GS, Horo AG, Kangah SN, Malvy D, Meless D, Mounkaila-Harouna A, Ndondoki C, Shiboski C, Thiébaut R, Pac-Ci, and Abidjan

Subjects
Adult, Africa, Western epidemiology, Cohort Studies, Female, HIV Infections virology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Anti-HIV Agents therapeutic use, HIV Infections drug therapy, HIV-1 isolation & purification, HIV-2 isolation & purification
Abstract

Background: HIV-2 is endemic in West Africa. There is a lack of evidence-based guidelines on the diagnosis, management and antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV-2 or HIV-1/HIV-2 dual infections. Because of these issues, we designed a West African collaborative cohort for HIV-2 infection within the framework of the International epidemiological Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA)., Methods: We collected data on all HIV-2 and HIV-1/HIV-2 dually seropositive patients (both ARV-naive and starting ART) and followed-up in clinical centres in the IeDEA-WA network including a total of 13 clinics in five countries: Benin, Burkina-Faso Côte d'Ivoire, Mali, and Senegal, in the West Africa region., Results: Data was merged for 1,754 patients (56% female), including 1,021 HIV-2 infected patients (551 on ART) and 733 dually seropositive for both HIV-1 and HIV 2 (463 on ART). At ART initiation, the median age of HIV-2 patients was 45.3 years, IQR: (38.3-51.7) and 42.4 years, IQR (37.0-47.3) for dually seropositive patients (p = 0.048). Overall, 16.7% of HIV-2 patients on ART had an advanced clinical stage (WHO IV or CDC-C). The median CD4 count at the ART initiation is 166 cells/mm(3), IQR (83-247) among HIV-2 infected patients and 146 cells/mm(3), IQR (55-249) among dually seropositive patients. Overall, in ART-treated patients, the CD4 count increased 126 cells/mm(3) after 24 months on ART for HIV-2 patients and 169 cells/mm(3) for dually seropositive patients. Of 551 HIV-2 patients on ART, 5.8% died and 10.2% were lost to follow-up during the median time on ART of 2.4 years, IQR (0.7-4.3)., Conclusions: This large multi-country study of HIV-2 and HIV-1/HIV-2 dual infection in West Africa suggests that routine clinical care is less than optimal and that management and treatment of HIV-2 could be further informed by ongoing studies and randomized clinical trials in this population.

Published
2013
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