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目的分析极早产儿晚发型细菌感染败血症的临床特征及危险因素，提出可行的防治建议。方法选取2012年2月-2024年1月本院收治的94例晚发型细菌感染败血症的极早产儿作为研究对象，分析其围产期情况、临床症状、病原菌、危险因素及治疗等情况。结果极早产儿晚发型细菌感染败血症的发生率为8.40%（94/1 119）。感染病原菌中以革兰阳性菌为主、占71.1%。Logistic回归分析提示：应用抗生素≥7 d、有创机械通气、留置中心静脉导管≥7 d及阴道分娩是极早产儿晚发型细菌感染败血症的主要危险因素，相对危险度（OR值）分别为2.787、4.243、3.033、2.174。结论极早产儿晚发型细菌感染败血症的病原菌以革兰阳性菌为主，长时间应用抗生素（≥7 d）、有创机械通气、留置中心静脉导管（≥7 d）及阴道分娩为极早产儿晚发型细菌感染败血症的高危因素。可通过采取加强围产期管理、缩短抗生素应用时间、减少有创操作的防治办法来降低极早产儿晚发型细菌感染败血症的发生率。

重症监护室（ICU）患者机体免疫力低下, 抗菌药物应用广泛, 多重耐药菌（MDRO）感染的风险较高, 感染 后会延长住院时间, 降低抗菌药物的疗效, 增加经济负担和患者死亡率, 严重影响医疗质量和患者安全. 因此, 在 ICU患者中进行早期危险因素识别, 并采取有力的预防控制措施具有重要意义. ICU患者MDRO感染的危险因素主 要有患者相关因素, 医疗相关因素两大类, 其中患者相关因素主要包括年龄, 住院时间, 自身基础疾病以及是否进行 过有创操作等, 医疗相关因素包括抗菌药物使用不当, 医护人员的手卫生依从性不足, 医疗器械及床单元周围环境 污染等. ICU患者的MDRO感染是院内感染控制的难点, 应重视对MDRO的防控工作, 包括行政管理措施和临床控 制措施. PDCA管理模式在医院 MDRO感染预防控制中起重要作用, 可有效降低感染率, 提升医疗质量；个案追踪 法可降低 MDRO传播的风险, 有效提高医务人员的执行力和患者家属的知晓率和配合度, 从而保证医疗质量和患 者安全；多学科协作（MDT）管理可以为 MDRO 患者提供全面的医疗服务, 整合医疗资源, 提升医疗质量和工作效 率, 有利于为患者提供更合理规范的治疗与护理. 严格抗菌药物使用, 使用替代疗法, 提高手卫生依从性和环境清 洁等, 可以改善危重患者的治疗效果, 并减少患者对抗菌药物的耐药性. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and risk factors of septic patients with bacterial infections.Methods A total of 2 158 patients with positive bacterial cultures from October 1, 2019, to September 30, 2020, were collected, including 229 cases in the septic group and 1 929 cases in the non-septic group. General information, laboratory test results, medical history of underlying diseases, and clinical manifestations were collected and compared between the two groups. Relevant risk factors were screened using T-test or approximate T-test for continuous variables, Pearson chi-square test, Fisher′s exact test for categorical variables, and non-conditional logistic regression model. Results Compared with the non-septic group, there were statistically significant differences in gender, age, smoking, alcohol consumption, congestive heart failure, chronic kidney disease (CKD), chronic hepatitis B, liver cirrhosis, and malignant tumors (all P＜0.05) . Male gender (OR=2.17, P＜0.01), age (OR=1.01, P＜0.05), and chronic hepatitis B (OR=1.86, P＜0.05) were identified as independent risk factors for sepsis. Conclusion Sepsis was significantly associated with male gender, older age, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Patients with congestive heart failure, CKD, chronic hepatitis B, liver cirrhosis, and malignant tumors were more likely to develop sepsis. Male gender, older age, and chronic hepatitis B were independent risk factors for sepsis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the efficiency of posterolateral approach in the treatment of single-segment nonspecific lumbar spondylodiscitis by observation of the clinical results of posterior lateral percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic debridement (PTED) approach and posterior single segmental lumbar debridement, bone graft and internal fixation in the treatment of single segment nonspecific lumbar spondylodiscitis. Methods In this study, 42 patients (males 24 and females 18 with an average age of 54 years) with nonspecific lumbar spondylodiscitis treated in the Department of Orthopaedics of the 1st Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from June 2016 to June 2023 were analyzed retrospectively. They were divided into group A (n = 21) and group B (n = 21). All the patients in group A were treated with posterolateral percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic debridement combined with soft tissue immersion to improve the detection rate of etiology. All the patients in group B were treated with posterior single-segment lumbar focus debridement, bone graft and internal fixation. The visual analogue scale score of low back pain (VAS), Japanese Orthopaedic Association Lumbar vertebra score (JOA) and lumbar vertebra ODI scale were compared before and after the operation to evaluate the remission of clinical symptoms, infection indexes such as white blood cells, hypersensitive C-reactive protein, ESR, the therapeutic effect of pathogenic drug-resistant bacteria, bacterial culture rate and postoperative complications. Results The positive rate of pathogen culture obtained through posterior lateral percutaneous foramen debridement combined with soft tissue soaking method was 90%. The score of ODI in group A was lower than that in group B on the 7th day after operation. Among the infection indexes, CRP and ESR in group A were much lower than those in group B at 3 and 7 days after the operation, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion Percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic debridement (PTED)in the treatment of lumbar spondylodiscitis combined with soft tissue immersion has a high bacterial culture rate, which can effectively reduce the pain of patients, improve the quality of life, and significantly reduce the index of infection. it is safe and effective for high-risk patients with multiple underlying diseases, strong bacterial virulence, high fever, high inflammation index, high risk of infection with internal fixation and inability to tolerate general anesthesia surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective　To investigate the clinical features of patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure （ACLF） and bacterial infection and early warning indicators associated with multidrug-resistant infections. Methods　A retrospective analysis was performed for 130 patients with ACLF and bacterial infection who attended The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2021, and according to the drug susceptibility results, the patients were divided into multidrug-resistant （MDR） bacterial infection group with 80 patients and non-MDR bacterial infection group with 50 patients. General information and laboratory examination results were compared between the two groups to screen for the early warning indicators associated with MDR bacterial infection. The Student’s t-test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data with homogeneity of variance between two groups, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data or continuous data with heterogeneity of variance between two groups； the chi-square test or the Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. The binary logistic regression analysis and the receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve were used to assess the predictive value of early warning indicators. Results　Among the 130 patients with ACLF and bacterial infection， sputum （27.7%） was the most common specimen for detection， followed by blood（ 24.6%), urine（ 18.5%), and ascites（ 17.7%). Bacterial infections were dominated by Gram-negative bacteria（ 58.5%). Of all bacteria， Escherichia coli （18.5%), Klebsiella pneumoniae （14.6%), and Enterococcus faecium （13.8%） were the most common pathogens. Gram-positive bacteria had a high resistance rate to the antibacterial drugs such as erythromycin （72.2%), penicillin （57.4%), ampicillin （55.6%), and ciprofloxacin （53.7%), while Gram-negative bacteria had a high resistance rate to the antibacterial drugs such as ampicillin （73.3%), cefazolin （50.0%), and cefepime （47.4%). The patients with ACLF and bacterial infection had a relatively high rate of MDR bacterial infection （61.5%). Comparison of clinical data between the two groups showed that compared with the patients with non-MDR bacterial infection， the patients with MDR bacterial infection had significantly higher levels of alanine aminotransferase （Z=2.089， P=0.037), aspartate aminotransferase （Z=2.063， P=0.039), white blood cell count （Z=2.207， P=0.027), and monocyte count （Z=4.413， P<0.001). The binary logistic regression analysis showed that monocyte count was an independent risk factor for MDR bacterial infection （odds ratio=7.120， 95% confidence interval ［CI］： 2.478 — 20.456，P<0. 001） and had an area under the ROC curve of 0.686 （95%CI： 0.597 — 0.776） in predicting ACLF with MDR bacterial infection（P<0. 001), with the optimal cut-off value of 0.50×109/L， a sensitivity of 0.725， and a specificity of 0.400. Conclusion　ACLF combined with bacterial infections is mainly caused by Gram-negative bacteria， with the common pathogens of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae and a relatively high MDR rate in clinical practice. An increase in monocyte count can be used as an early warning indicator to distinguish MDR bacterial infection from non-MDR bacterial infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacterial infections and their drug resistance are one of the enormous health challenges in the world today, causing huge casualties and economic losses worldwide every year. Hydrogel is a three-dimensional polymer network structure colloid with good hydrophilicity, unique three-dimensional network, good biocompatibility and cell adhesion. Therefore, hydrogel is a new type of biomaterial suitable for the antibacterial application and is expected to become a potential antibacterial material to solve antibiotic resistance. According to the corresponding antibacterial methods, the antibacterial technologies in hydrogels can be roughly classified into the following categories: (i) hydrogels loaded with antibacterial substances; (ii) hydrogels with inherent antibacterial activity; (iii) antibacterial hydrogels using photoresponsive therapy. This article will briefly introduce the basic principles, methods and applications of various hydrogel antibacterial technologies, and preliminarily discuss the difficulties and challenges in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the distribution and drug resistance changes of pathogenic bacteria in adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with bloodstream infection, and to analyze risk factors of death of patients. Methods Changes of detection rate of pathogenic bacteria and drug resistance rate of main pathogenic bacteria of 85 patients with AML and bloodstream infection 30 months before confirmed diagnosis (pathogenic bacteria detected from January 2017 to June 2019) and 30 months after diagnosis (from July 2019 to December 2021) were compared. According to the prognosis at 6 months after bloodstream infection, patients were divided into the death group (33 cases) and the survival group (52 cases). Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze risk factors of death in patients with AML complicated with bloodstream infection. Results A total of 98 strains of pathogenic bacteria were detected in 85 patients with AML complicated with bloodstream infection, mainly gram-negative bacteria (65/98, 66.33%), followed by Gram-positive bacteria (29/98, 29.59%) and fungi (4/ 98, 4.08%). The proportion of fungi (all were candida) detected in the last 30 months was more than that in the first 30 months (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in proportions of gram-negative bacteria and gram-positive bacteria and drug resistance rates of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus between the late 30 months and the first 30 months (P > 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the history of antibiotic use within 1 month before confirmed diagnosis and septic shock were independent risk factors for death in patients with AML complicated with bloodstream infection (P < 0.05). Conclusion The main pathogens of adults with AML combined with bloodstream infection are gram-negative bacteria. However, candida infection rate has increased in recent years, and patients with antibiotic use before bloodstream infection and complicated with septic shock are prone to poor prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the differences in the effectiveness of using different blood indicators individually，in combination，and for dynamic monitoring in the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and prognosis of bacterial infections. Methods　1843 cases with infectious symptoms or signs from January 2015 to September 2022 at the People’s Hospital of Yuxi City were selected as the case group，and 2 298 uninfected individuals during the same period were selected as the control group. Blood indicators of the two groups were collected. Variables were grouped according to gender, age group, specimen type, etc. SPSS 24.0 and Medcalc 20.0 were used for statistical analysis. Results The individual diagnostic efficacy of various blood indicators for detecting infection ranges from 0.656 to 0.937. When used together, the efficacy ranges from 0.907 to 0.987. The efficacy of distinguishing between G+c and G-b in different specimens is as follows: when PCT is used alone in blood, the AUC is 0.875 for males and 0.769 for females. However, the individual diagnostic efficacy in male mucous secretions, sterile body fluids, and non)adult male sputum is all ≤0.7. Yet, when used together，the efficacy is AUC（0.789，0.737，0.86） respectively. The dynamic monitoring of PCT， IL-6， CRP， WBC， and LAC in adult patients at 24 h， 48 h， and 72 h after admission shows statistically significant differences in prognostic efficacy for G+c and G-b（ P < 0.05） . Conclusions　Blood indicators have a certain diagnostic value for determining whether there is a bacterial infection， and there are gender differences. The combined use of these indicators is more effective. The diagnostic value of using blood indicators alone or in combination for distinguishing between G+c and G-b in different types of specimens varies. The use of PCT alone in blood specimens is the most effective. For adult males，the combined use of body surface mucous secretions and sterile body fluids is most effective，while for underage males，the combined use of sputum is most effective. The combined use for females is not effective. Dynamic monitoring of PCT，CRP，IL-6， LAC，and WBC has a high value for evaluating the prognosis and therapeutic effect of infections. The evaluation of G+c infection is most effective at 24 hours for IL-6，and for G-b infection，it is most effective at 72 hours for PCT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since penicillin was used to treat bacterial infectious diseases in 1928,antibiotics have saved countless patients’ lives. However,with the increase of bacterial drug resistance,the clinical treatment of bacterial infectious diseases has become increasingly difficult. Antimicrobial peptides is considered as an ideal substitute for traditional antibiotics because of its wide range of functions and low toxicity. Among them, some antimicrobial peptides with immune regulation function can regulate the innate immunity and acquired immune response of the body,directly target the immune system of the body rather than pathogenic microorganisms,thus avoiding the selection pressure on pathogenic microorganisms, and are not easily resistant to antibiotics. They have broad application value in infection treatment. This article reviews the immunomodulatory activity of antimicrobial peptides, its potential application in clinical treatment, and its limitations, so as to provide a new perspective for the development and utilization of new antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of CT Theory & Applications is the property of Editorial Department of CT Theory & Applications and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Bacteria are one of the most common human pathogens, which not only seriously jeopardize human health and public health safety, but also bring about huge medical expenditures. Rapid and accurate bacterial detection is important for the treatment of bacterial infections. The spectral detection method can not only obtain the classification, content and functional status of bacteria promptly and in real time, but also has the advantages of simple operation and non-invasive, and has great potential in the field of bacterial detection. This paper describes the research and application of Raman spectroscopy, terahertz spectroscopy, visible and near-infrared light spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy in bacterial detection, and the molecular mechanism of visible and near-infrared light spectroscopy, light targets, including bacterial retinal plasmids containing retinal chromophores, bacteriophytochromes with tetrapyrrole chromophores, photoactive proteins with p-coumarate chromophores, photo-oxidative stress structural domains with flavin-like mononucleotide chromophores, cryptochromes with flavin-adenine dinucleotide chromophores. And blue-light sensing domains with flavin-adenine dinucleotides are described. Finally, optimization strategies for bacterial detection techniques are proposed with respect to the advantages and disadvantages of existing bacterial spectral detection techniques, hoping to provide help for the research of bacterial spectral detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria for infection after liver transplantation, and to provide a scientific basis for the rational clinical application of antibiotics. Methods The pathogenic bacteria isolated from the specimens of 904 patients with infection after liver transplantation in The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from March 2014 to December 2021 were analyzed in terms of distribution and drug resistance. WHONET 5.6 software was used to perform a statistical analysis of strains and bacterial resistance rate, and Excel was used to analyze the sources of specimens, composition ratios, and distribution of pathogenic bacteria. Results A total of 2 208 non-repetitive pathogenic bacteria were isolated, mainly from the specimens of respiratory tract（31.25%), bile（22.28%), ascites（13.18%), blood（8.38%), and drainage fluid（4.62%). The top 10 pathogenic bacteria were Klebsiella pneumoniae subspecies（10.69%), Enterococcus faecium（10.42%), Escherichia coli（8.24%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa（8.24%), Staphylococcus epidermidis（8.06%), Acinetobacter baumannii（7.93%), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia（6.61%), Enterobacter cloacae（3.22%), Staphylococcus haemolyticus（3.08%), and Staphylococcus aureus（2.94%), accounting for 69.43% of the total pathogenic bacteria. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Klebsiella pneumoniae subspecies, and Acinetobacter baumannii were the main pathogenic bacteria isolated from respiratory tract specimens; Enterococcus faecium was the main pathogenic bacterium isolated from bile, ascites, and drainage fluid specimens; Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae subspecies were the main pathogenic bacteria isolated from blood specimens. Drug sensitivity data showed that Enterobacterales bacteria had a relatively high resistance rate to cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones and a resistance rate of ＜10% to amikacin among aminoglycosides, with no strains resistant to tigecycline; compared with Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae subspecies had a higher resistance rate to meropenem（14.71% vs 5.66%) and imipenem（11.35% vs 6.29%); non-fermentative bacteria had a relatively high resistance rate to carbapenems, with a resistance rate of ＜10% to tigecycline and colistin. Among Gram-positive cocci, Enterococcus faecium had a resistance rate of 6.17% to vancomycin and 2.44% to quinupristin/dalfopristin, with no strains resistant to tigecycline and linezolid; Staphylococcus epidermidis had a resistance rate of ＞50% to macrolides, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, and lincomycin, and a small part of these strains were resistant to linezolid and quinupristin/dalfopristin（＜3%), with no Staphylococcus epidermidis strains resistant to tigecycline and vancomycin. A total of 287 drug-resistant strains were monitored, accounting for 13%, among which there were 128 carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains, 88 carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, 26 carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae subspecies strains, 11 carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli strains, 23 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains, and 11 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus strains. The carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae subspecies strains mainly produced serine carbapenemase, and the carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli strains mainly produced metal β-lactamase. Conclusion Gram-negative bacteria are the main pathogenic bacteria for infection after liver transplantation, and there are differences in the distribution of pathogenic bacteria between different types of specimens. The resistance rate of some strains tend to increase, and therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the management of nosocomial infection and antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

目的　总结肺炎克雷伯杆菌侵袭性感染（KPII）的临床特点.方法　对29例KPII患者的临床资料作回顾 性分析.结果 29例KPII患者中, 社区感染16例, 医院感染13例, 年龄（74. 4 ± 14. 7）岁, 均伴基础疾病.29例KPII 患者中, 肺炎23例, 泌尿道感染19例, 血流感染12例, 结石性胆囊炎4例, 皮肤感染2例, 肾脓肿1例, 脑膜炎1例, 肝 脓肿1例, 腹膜炎1例.白细胞总数升高14例, 中性粒细胞比例升高22例, PCT升高27例, CRP升高升高26例, 电解 质紊乱21例, 肝功能异常28例, 肾功能异常16例, 凝血功能异常27例.29例KPII患者的分离菌株中25例耐药, 其 中社区感染的16例KPII患者分离菌株中12例耐药, 医院感染的13例KPII患者分离菌株均耐药.所有患者均采用 抗菌药物治疗, 其中β-内酰胺/β-内酰胺酶抑制剂复方制剂药物治疗者23例, 碳青霉烯类治疗者17例, 氨基糖苷类 药物治疗者 6 例, 替加环素者 6 例, 有 13 例患者采用联合抗菌药物方案治疗.患者治疗后, 24 例康复出院, 5 例死 亡.结论 KPII好发于伴基础疾病的中老年人群, 常见感染部位为肺部, 泌尿道, 血液及胆道, 常伴白细胞总数升 高, 降钙素原升高, CRP升高, 电解质紊乱, 肝肾功能异常, 凝血功能异常, 耐药率高, 治疗需根据药敏结果精准选取 抗菌药物. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To prepare a biomimetic nano carrier macrophage membrane hybrid liposome by heterozygous macrophage membrane and liposome, which could be used for the clearance and toxicity inhibition of Vibrio vulnificus hemolysin A (VvhA). Methods Macrophage membrane was extracted and hybridized with liposome by thin-film evaporation combined extrusion method. The hybridized liposome of macrophage membrane was constructed and characterized. The in vitro detoxification ability of the hybridized vector was evaluated by hemolysis test and cytotoxicity test. The detoxification ability of the vector was evaluated by mouse skin infection model. Results Anti toxoid studies in vivo and in vitro showed that the anti-hemolysis rate of macrophage membrane heterozygous liposomes in vitro reached 97.03%, which could effectively inhibit the skin ulceration in subcutaneous infected mice and make the survival rate of abdominal infected mice reach 80%. Conclusion The constructed macrophage membrane hybrid liposome had high detoxification ability, which could provide a potential solution and research basis for the prevention and treatment of Vibrio vulnificus infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute decompensated cirrhosis is a stage of end-stage liver disease during which patients often experience decompensated complications and rapid progression. Systemic inflammatory response is characterized by excessive secretion of inflammatory factors caused by bacterial infection of local tissue and rapid spread to the whole body, thereby affecting the physiological activities of the body and causing organ damage or disorder, and it is a relatively serious inflammatory state. This article elaborates on the occurrence of systemic inflammation, the factors affecting the severity of systemic inflammation, the manifestation of systemic inflammation in different stages of decompensated cirrhosis, and the role of systemic inflammation in complications, in order to gain a deeper understanding of systemic inflammation and apply it in the research and development of new therapies and drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Advanced Textile Technology is the property of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Magazines and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Pregnant women have unique anatomical and physiological characteristics during pregnancy, delivery and puerperium, and are prone to genital tract bacterial infection. The progression of the disease can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as premature birth, abortion, premature rupture of membranes, intra amniotic infection, fetal distress, stillbirth, puerperal infection, sepsis and so on. At present, antibiotics, as the most effective drugs to prevent and treat bacterial infections, are widely used in obstetric clinic. It is worth noting that rational use of drug for pregnant women should not only take into account the illness itself, but also take into account the safety of mother and child during pregnancy and lactation. Therefore, there are still many problems in the actual clinical application of antibiotics in obstetrics, which should be paid more attention to. This article reviews how to use antibiotics rationally, combined with different periods and common diseases, which is helpful to provide more theoretical basis for medication guidance during pregnancy and lactation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the etiological characteristics of infection after percutaneous biliary drainage or stent implantation in patients with malignant biliary obstruction ( MBO) . Methods Clinical data were collected from MBO patients who underwent interventional therapy in Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, from January 2016 to December 2020 and had or were suspected of biliary tract infection, with samples submitted for bile culture and/ or simultaneous blood culture. Analysis was performed for the aspects of positive rate of culture, flora distribution, consistency between blood culture and bile culture, and drug resist)ance rate of major pathogenic bacteria. Results A total of 219 patients were enrolled, among whom 105 ( 47. 95%) were positive for bile culture, and the composition ratios of Gram - negative bacteria, Gram - positive bacteria, and fungi were 64. 89%, 28. 24%, and 6. 87%, respectively. A total of 69 patients had samples submitted for blood culture during the same period of time, among whom 33 ( 47. 82%) had positive results. Positive results of both bile culture and blood culture were observed in 25 patients, and consistency analysis showed that the patients with complete consistency, partial consistency, and complete inconsistency accounted for 36% ( 9/ 25 ), 20% ( 5/ 25), and 44% ( 11125 ), respectively. Common Gram - negative bacteria were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter cloacae, with a relatively low level of drug resistance to antibiotics including cefoperazone/ sulbactam, amikacin, and imipenem. Common Gram - positive bacteria were Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis, with a relatively low level( < 15%) of drug resistance to antibiotics including vancomycin, linezolid, and teicoplanin. Conclusion Common pathogens of infection after percutaneous biliary drainage or stent implanta)tion in MBO patients include Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus, and Enterobacter cloacae. There is a relatively low level of consistency between blood culture and bile culture, and thus samples should be submitted for both tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

目的 了解肝移植术患儿术后早期感染的病原菌分布及耐药情况。方法 选择入住PICU的100例肝移 植术后患儿，于入住PICU当天常规采集深部痰标本、腹腔引流液标本、血标本及尿液送检，之后3个月内根据患儿 感染情况采集相应的标本送检。对病原菌培养阳性标本进行分析，观察医院内感染的发生情况；对检出最多的5种 病原菌，采用药敏试验进行耐药性分析，观察多重耐药菌、广泛耐药菌、耐碳青霉烯类肠杆菌属（CRE）的检出情况。 结果 100例患儿中，术后 3个月内发生医院内感染 57例，其中肝移植术后肺炎 44例，腹腔感染 18例，脓毒症或脓 毒性休克血培养阳性15例，泌尿系感染6例，伤口感染5例，血流导管相关血流感染4例，其他部位感染4例，合并2 个及2个以上部位感染22例。送检标本共分离出94株细菌（革兰阳性菌41株、革兰阴性菌53株）和20株真菌，检出 最多的病原菌为屎肠球菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、表皮葡萄球菌。对上述5种病原菌进 行耐药分析，屎肠球菌对氨苄西林、苄青霉素耐药率为 100%，表皮葡萄球菌对苄青霉素、苯唑西林及四环素 100% 耐药，两者均未发现对利奈唑胺、替加环素及万古霉素耐药菌株；鲍曼不动杆菌对大多数抗生素耐药率均在70%以 上，超过半数为多重耐药菌；嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌对左氧氟沙星、米诺环素及复方新诺明仍较敏感，对头孢他啶部分耐 药；肺炎克雷伯菌对头孢曲松及哌拉西林耐药率为100%，对头孢他啶、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、头孢吡肟、庆大霉素、复方 新诺明耐药率均在 50%以上。结论 肝移植术患儿术后早期易出现感染，感染部位多为肺部感染，病原菌以细菌 为主，革兰阳性菌及革兰阴性菌比例相近，多重耐药菌主要来自革兰阴性菌，感染来源多见于呼吸道感染、腹腔感染 及导管相关性感染。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To observe the distribution characteristics of pathogens of bacterial infection around oral implants, and to analyze the risk factors of bacterial infection. 360 patients undergoing oral implants in our hospital from July 2018 to May 2021 were selected. Patients were divided into infected group and uninfected group according to the occurrence of bacterial infection around oral implants. Isolate and identify the pathogen species of infection group. The clinical data of patients were collected, the influence factors of bacterial infection around oral implants were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Logistic regression. There were 35 cases of bacterial infection around oral implants in 360 patients, and the incidence was 9.72%. A total of 49 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated, including aerobic bacteria 14 strains (28.57%), anaerobic bacteria 32 strains (65.31%), beneficial bacteria 3 strains (6.12%). Among anaerobic bacteria, 11 strains of oral streptococcus (22.45%), 9 strains of porphyromonas gingivalis (18.37%) and 7 strains of Melanin-producing Prevos (14.29%) were the main ones. Univariate analysis showed that the incidence of bacterial infection around dental implants was related to the history of smoking history, chronic periodontitis, drinking history, whether diabetes mellitus, alveolar bone around implants condition and oral health habits (P＜0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors for bacterial infections around dental implants were poor oral health habits, poor alveolar bone around implants, with diabetes mellitus, drinking history, chronic periodontitis and smoking history (P＜0.05). The main pathogenic bacteria of oral implant infection are anaerobic bacteria. Poor alveolar bone around implant, history of chronic periodontitis, smoking history, with diabetes mellitus, drinking history and bad oral health habit are the risk factors of infection, and appropriate intervention should be carried out according to the above factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Tropical Medicine is the property of China Tropical Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

目的 探讨血清降钙素原（PCT）水平对原发性肝癌肝动脉化疗栓塞术（TACE）或射频消融术（RFA）术后 发热患者细菌感染的预测价值。方法 选择接受 TACE或 RFA术后发热的原发性肝癌患者 524例，经病原学检查 明确发热原因。收集所有患者基本临床资料、肿瘤相关资料和实验室检查资料，基本临床资料包括性别、年龄、合并 症（如糖尿病、高血压、COPD）、HBV感染、酒精肝，肿瘤相关资料包括肝功能Child-Pugh分级、腹水、TNM分期、肿瘤 数量、治疗方案，实验室检查资料包括WBC计数、中性粒细胞百分比、C反应蛋白、PCT、总胆红素、白蛋白、天门冬氨 酸氨基转移酶、丙氨酸氨基转移酶、碱性磷酸酶，比较细菌感染者与非细菌感染者上述临床资料差异。采用受试者工 作特征（ROC）曲线评估血清PCT水平对原发性肝癌TACE或RFA术后发热患者细菌感染的预测价值。结果 524例 原发性肝癌TACE或RFA术后发热患者最终确诊细菌感染26例，细菌感染率为4. 96%（26/524）。细菌感染者与非 细菌感染者基本临床资料、肿瘤相关资料比较P均>0. 05。细菌感染者与非细菌感染者血清PCT水平分别为（0. 87 ± 0. 43）、（0. 38 ± 0. 29）ng/mL，细菌感染者血清PCT水平明显高于非细菌感染者（P<0. 05）；细菌感染者与非细菌感染 者其他实验室检查资料比较P均>0. 05。ROC曲线分析显示，血清PCT水平预测原发性肝癌TACE或RFA术后发热 患者细菌感染的曲线下面积为0. 873（95% CI：0. 794～0. 953），最佳截断值为0. 873 ng/mL，此时其预测原发性肝癌 TACE或RFA术后发热患者细菌感染的灵敏度和特异度分别为80. 8%、80. 6%。结论 血清PCT水平对原发性肝癌 TACE或RFA术后细菌感染性发热具有较高的预测价值。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the clinical features of infection in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) and bacterial infection and the influencing factors for 90-day survival rate. Methods The patients with ACLF who were admitted to The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2014 to December 2015 were enrolled, and related clinical data were collected and analyzed, including infection time and site, microbial culture, biochemical parameters and inflammatory markers, and 28- and 90-day prognosis after infection. The t-test or the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups, and the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. The life-table method was used to plot survival curves. The indices affecting prognosis in the univariate analysis were further included in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 1074 patients with ACLF were admitted, among whom 609 had bacterial infection, and the incidence rate of bacterial infection was 56.7%. Among these 609 patients, 16 underwent liver transplantation within 90 days and related data statistics were obtained for the remaining 593 patients. As for infection site, among the patients with infection, 70.15% had abdominal infection, 41.15% had pulmonary infection, 11.97% had sepsis, 5.40% had urinary system infection, 4.89% had thoracic infection, and 8.6% had infection at other sites. Among the patients with infection, 64.76% had infection at a single site. The positive rates of microbial culture of ascites, phlegm, urine, and pleural effusion were 22.70%, 52.82%, 40.63%, and 35.71%, respectively. Escherichia coli was the most common bacterium in ascites and accounted for 43.82%; Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii accounted for 22.67%, 24.00%, and 22.67%, respectively, in phlegm; Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcaceae accounted for 33.80%, 29.58%, and 15.49%, respectively, in blood culture. The 90-day survival rate after infection was 38.11% (226/593) in the patients with ACLF, and the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age (P=0.006), stage of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) (P < 0.001), stage of liver failure (P < 0.001), and acute kidney injury (AKI) (P < 0.001) were independent risk factors for 90-day survival in patients with ACLF and infection. Conclusion There is a high incidence rate of infection in patients with ACLF. The 90-day survival rate is relatively low, and the presence of AKI, HE stage III or above, and advanced liver failure may indicate poor prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Imaging Science & Photochemistry is the property of Imaging Science & Photochemistry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract:Objective To investigate the clinical features and prognosis of culture - negative liver abscess (CNLA)versus culture - positive liver abscess (CPLA), and to provide a reference for early diagnosis and effective treatment. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 371 patients with liver abscess who were admitted to The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from 2005 to 2018, among whom 145 (39. 1% )had positive results of pathogen test (CPLA group)and 226 (60. 9% )had negative results (CNLA group). The two groups were compared in terms of clinical features, laboratory examination, imaging data, and prognosis. The t - test was used for comparison of normally distributed or approximately normally distributed continuous data between two groups, and the Mann - Whitney U test was used for comparison of non - normally distributed continuous data between two groups;the chi - square test or the Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. Results Compared with the CNLA group, the CPLA group had a significantly older age (t = -3. 464, P =0. 001)and a significantly higher proportion of patients with diabetes (X² =17. 362, P <0. 001)or cardiovascular disease (X² =10. 827, P =0. 001), and compared with the CPLA group, the CNLA group had a significantly higher proportion of patients with AIDS (X² =4. 354, P =0. 037). Compared with the CNLA group, the CPLA group had significantly greater increases in leukocyte count, percentage of neutrophils, alkaline phosphatase, gamma - glutamyl transpeptidase, and total bilirubin (U =20393, 19711, 18586, 19349, and 18496, all P <0. 05), a significantly greater reduction in albumin (t =3. 348, P =0. 001), and a significantly higher proportion of patients with a baseline APACHE II score of =16 (X² =9. 550, P =0. 002). Compared with the CNLA group, the CPLA group had a significantly higher proportion of tumors with a diameter of >5 cm (X² =53. 61, P < 0. 001). In the CNLA group, 19. 9% of the patients were treated with anti - infective therapy alone, while for both groups, anti - infective therapy combined with ultrasound - or CT - guided percutaneous drainage was the main treatment method. There were no significant differences in the length of hospital stay, recurrence rate, and mortality rate between the two groups (all P > 0. 05). Conclusion Compared with CPLA patients, CNLA patients tend to have a younger age and are less likely to develop severe inflammatory response and liver insufficiency, with a smaller diameter of abscess which is less likely to be treated by percutaneous drainage, while there is no significant difference in prognosis between CPLA patients and CNLA patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of South China Fisheries Science is the property of South China Fisheries Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To investigate the effective diagnosis and treatment of deep neck bacterial infection combined with fungal infection. Methods The clinical data of 1 case of deep neck bacterial infection combined with fungal infection were retrospectively analyzed. Results The patient went to the doctor with a chief complaint of sore throat for 4 days accompanied by fever for half a day; the clinical examination revealed swelling in the left mandibular and neck soft tissues; leukocyte, neutrophil %, and C-reactive protein were all elevated; CT examination revealed soft tissue swelling in the left epiglottis, and gas accumulation in the left oropharyngeal lateral wall, the left face, both submandibular, left neck and upper mediastinal space. There was no improvement in the anti-infection treatment with cefathiamidine and ornidazole. Considering parapharyngeal space infection and the possibility of infection by aerogenic bacteria in the deep cervical space, the antibacterial agents were replaced of cefepime and ornidazole, and meanwhile, tracheotomy and neck exploration, incision and drainage surgery were performed. The pus culture indicated the mixed infection of Klebsiella oxytoca, Streptococcus constellation and Candida albicans, and the blood culture indicated candida infection, which was diagnosed as deep neck bacterial infection combined with fungal infection. Then the neck abscess was treated with expanded drainage guided by ultrasound, and the antibiotics were adjusted to meropenem and vancomycin and ornidazole, and caspofungin was used to fight fugal infections. The patient was cured and discharged from the hospital. Conclusions The main symptoms of deep neck bacterial infection combined with fungal infection were fever, pharyngeal pain, swelling and pain of mandibular and neck soft tissues. Hemogram increased and CT scan of the neck showed local soft tissue swelling and air accumulation in the muscle space. The effect of empirical anti-infection treatment was not good. The method of definite diagnosis was bacterial and fungal culture of local pus. The effective treatment was to give enough sensitive antibiotics and antifungal drugs at the same time, and local incision and drainage could be done if necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the risk factors of subsequent bacterial infection in patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods The clinical data of 136 patients with COVID-19 admitted to Tianjin Haihe Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. According to the results of clinical diagnosis, the patients were divided into two groups: subsequent infection group (44 cases) and non-subsequent infection group (92 cases). The clinical characteristics, treatment and disease outcome of the two groups were compared. The risk factors of subsequent infection were analyzed by Logistic regression. Results The results of univariate analysis showed that patient age and comorbidity were significantly higher in subsequent infection group than those of non-subsequent infection group (P＜0.01). The proportion of OI＜400 mmHg, hyperthermia (body temperature > 39 ℃), severe cases, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), hypoproteinemia and cardiac insufficiency were also significantly higher in subsequent infection group than those in non-subsequent infection group (P＜0.05). In the treatment, the proportion of mechanical ventilation, invasive operation, hormone treatment and hospitalization time were significantly higher in the subsequent infection group than those in the non-subsequent infection group (P＜0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that comorbidity (OR=4.613, 95%CI: 1.756-12.118), hormone therapy (OR=2.403, 95%CI: 1.012-6.422), admission OI＜400 mmHg (OR = 6.534, 95%CI: 2.064-20.691), hypoproteinemia (OR= 12.949, 95%CI: 3.284-51.067) were independent risk factors for subsequent bacterial infection. Conclusion The subsequent infection of COVID-19 patients is closely related to OI＜400 mmHg, hypoproteinemia, hormone therapy and comorbidity. Early clinical intervention can prevent subsequent infection in patients and help improve prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Observe the accuracy and sensitivity of peripheral blood neutrophil CD4 (nCD4) in the detection of patients with leukemia complicated by bacterial infection, and evaluate its clinical application value. 100 patients with leukemia admitted in our hospital from January 2016 to January 2019 were selected as the research object and included in the study group. Among them, 47 patients with bacterial infection were included in study group Ⅰ, and the remaining 53 patients without bacterial infection were included. Study Ⅱ group, according to the results of blood culture examination, the study Ⅰ components were positive group (n=12) and negative group (n=35). At the same time, 50 cases of healthy physical examination at the same period were screened into the control group; The levels of PCT, CRP and nCD4 were compared, and the diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity of PCT, CRP, and nCD4 in the positive and negative groups were compared. The PCT, CRP, and nCD4 in the study group were higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05), and the PCT, CRP, and nCD4 in the study group Ⅰ were higher than those in the study Ⅱ group (all P<0.05). The intensity was higher than that of the negative group (P<0.05). nCD4 is better than CRP and PCT in the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of leukocyte bacterial infection. nCD4 has good accuracy and sensitivity in the detection of patients with leukemia complicated by bacterial infection, and combined with PCT and CRP detection can significantly improve the detection accuracy, which can be used as a diagnostic indicator for the diagnosis of leukemia combined with bacterial infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the colonization characteristics of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) in patients undergoing solid organ transplantation, and to provide strategies for prevention and treatment. Methods There were 523 recipients of organ transplantation in the study group, including 172 adult liver transplantation recipients, 157 pediatric liver transplantation recipients, 177 kidney transplant recipients, and 17 pancreas kidney transplanta tion recipients. Sixty-two donors of living related liver transplantation ( LRLT) were selected as the control group. The anal swabs were taken from all patients when they were transferred to and out of ICU, and bacteria were identified by VITEK 2 compact automatic microbial identification and drug sensitivity analyzer. The CRE positive patients who were detected by a nal swabs were regarded as CRE colonizers. CRE colonization was compared between the two groups ( CRE detection rate and CRE positive rate), and CRE colonization was observed when patients were transferred into or out of ICU. Blood, a septic body fluid, sputum and urine of CRE colonizers were collected for bacterial culture and bacteria identification. CRE culture positive patients were regarded as CRE infected patients. The patients who died of CRE infection in the two groups were observed. Results A total of 1 420 cases of anal swab were detected in the two groups; there were 134 CRE posi tive strains ( 9. 4% ), including 104 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, 29 strains of Escherichia coli, and 1 strain of Enter obacter cloacae. The CRE detection rate and CRE colonization positive rate in the study group were higher than those in the control group ( P < 0. 05). The positive rate of CRE colonization in pediatric liver transplantation recipients was higher than that in other types of organ transplantation recipients (all P < 0. 05) . Thirty-seven patients had no CRE colonization when they were transferred to ICU, but there were CRE colonization when they were transferred out of ICU; 24 patients had CRE colonization when they were transferred into ICU, but no CRE colonization when they were transferred out of ICU; 21 patients had CRE colonization when they were transferred into and out of ICU. In the study group, 8 patients died of CRE in fection, including 7 pediatric liver transplantation recipients and 1 adult liver transplantation recipients, while no one in the control group died of CRE infection. Conclusion CRE detection rate and CRE colonization positive rate increase in solid organ transplantation recipients, and CRE colonization positive rate in pediatric liver transplantation recipients is the highest, which may increase the mortality of pediatric liver transplantation recipients caused by CRE infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the effect of eyelash removal on the bacterial distribution in cataract surgery field and provide a basis for the infection control measures in the perioperative period of cataract. Methods A total of 280 patients of cataract surgery in our hospital were chosen in this study. The patients were divided into eyelash removal group (n=128) and non-eyelash removal group (n=152). All the patients underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation for cataract. The specimens of the operation paste surface and the conjunctival sac were collected for bacterial culture. The bacterial culture results were observed in the two groups. Meanwhile, the postoperative eye symptoms were compared between the two groups. Results The positive rate of bacterial culture [13.16% (20/152) vs. 29.69% (38/128), respectively] and the proportion of the same species of bacteria in the conjunctival sac and the operation paste surface [2.63% (4/152) vs. 7.81% (10/128), respectively] in the non-eyelashe removal group were significantly lower than those of the eyelash removal group(P＜0.05). The bacteria in conjunctival sac after operation were the same species as those on surgical film, all of which were staphylococcus epidermidis. On the first postoperative day and the seventh postoperative day, the symptoms of eye irritation and the degrees of hyperemia were significantly improved in the non-eyelash removal group than those of the eyelash removal group (P＜0.05). Conclusion In the eyelash removal group, the distribution of bacteria is higher in the operative field of cataract patients than that in the non-eyelash removal group, and the strain of endophthalmitis is highly likely to originate from the orbital margin. In addition, the eyelashes retention can reduce postoperative eye irritation and conjunctival hyperaemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Clinical Healthcare is the property of Chinese Journal of Clinical Healthcare and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Organ transplantation is the primary effective treatment for end-stage organ failure. Donor-derived infection (DDI) is significantly associated with the incidence of infection and mortality of the recipients after organ transplantation. Improvement of donor screening technology and early prevention and treatment can improve the safety of transplantation. In this article, the pathogenic characteristics of DDI bacterial infection, fungal infection, viral infection and parasitic infection were summarized, and the research progress upon the prevention and treatment were briefly introduced, aiming to provide reference for reducing DDI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

的 分析血清降钙素原水平与社区获得性肺炎严重程度的相关性。 方法 选取2016年3月至2018年12月北碚合谷中医院住院治疗的129例细菌性社区获得性肺炎患者作为研究对象，根据入院后肺炎严重性指数（PSI）评分，分为轻度组（PSI评分51～90分）46例、中度组（PSI评分大于90～130分）57例和重度组(PSI评分大于130分）26例。另根据影像学检查，把患者分为单叶肺炎组59例和多叶肺炎组70例。入院后4 h内检测患者血清降钙素原水平。对重度组患者分别于治疗后3、7 d复查血清降钙素原水平，并根据抗感染治疗7 d后临床症状及影像学检查结果，分为临床好转组和临床未好转组。比较不同组间血清降钙素原水平的差异。 结果 PSI评分分组中，轻度组、中度组和重度组的血清降钙素原水平依次升高，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.01）。影像学分组中，多叶肺炎组患者的血清降钙素原水平显著高于单叶肺炎组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。临床好转组患者的血清降钙素原水平逐渐降低，差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）；而临床未好转组患者的血清降钙素原水平比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论 血清降钙素原水平能够较好地反映细菌性社区获得性肺炎患者病情的严重程度，有效监测抗感染治疗效果。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To understand the changes of pathogens， infection distribution and drug resistance of newborn patients in our hospital from 2014 to 2017， in order to provide reference for clinical rational application. Methods Clinical case data of 504 newborn patients in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed，including sputum，blood，catheter and urine，the characteristics of pathogens and antibiotic resistance were analyzed. Results A total of 612 pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 504 newborn patients， mainly G- bacteria，375 （61.3%），of which escherichia coli was the most common，followed by klebsiella pneumoniae and acinetobacter baumannii；the most G+ bacteria were staphylococcus epidermidis（224 strains，36.6%），followed by hemolytic staphylococcus.The main infection was pulmonary infection in neonates，which was 420 cases（68.63%） .Different pathogenic bacteria have different characteristics at the infected site，between 275 strains of sputum （44.93%） and 156 strains of blood （25.49%），G- bacteria were the main strains. In 102 strains of catheter （16.67%），G+ bacteria were the most common.There were differences in pathogenic bacteria in different time intervals. During 2016， the drug resistance rate of klebsiella pneumoniae producing ESBL or not producing ESBL was as high as 80%， leading to an increase in the number of cases of treatment failure. Therefore， it was necessary to focus on the characteristics of pathogen resistance in time regions. Conclusions From 2014 to 2017， the pathogen spectrum of neonatal infection has not changed much， and the first three are all escherichia coli， staphylococcus epidermidis and klebsiella pneumoniae. Neonatal infections are mainly pulmonary infections， mostly Gram-negative bacteria， and we should focus on the characteristics of pathogenic bacteria at the site of infection and the resistance characteristics of pathogens in the time zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

细菌感染最重要的阶段是其对宿主细胞的黏附,能够干扰细菌黏附宿主组织或在感染早期将其从组织中分离出来的新技术或方法是很好的治疗策略。糖类宿主受体和黏附素类似物可导致细菌与宿主受体之间的黏附作用减少;抗细菌黏附抗体与疫苗的使用是目前常用的一种抗黏附手段,可诱导宿主对病原体的体液和细胞免疫,通过多种机制实现抗黏附作用;黏附和宿主受体抑制剂尤其是肽类抑制剂可阻断细菌或病毒颗粒与宿主细胞的结合及融合;亚致死浓度的抗生素可减少多种细菌的表面黏附;饮食中的某些成分也具有抗细菌黏附作用;益生菌可以防止病原体达到致病所需的临界密度,减少病原菌与宿主细胞的结合;其他抗黏附制剂如有机硅烷纳米颗粒、含有介孔纳米炭颗粒的新型聚醚砜超滤膜等。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine is the property of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To investigate the clinical outcome of patients with acute - on - chronic liver failure ( ACLF) and bacterial infection on admission after 72 hours of anti - infective therapy and related influencing factors. Methods An electronic database was used to select 267 patients with ACLF and bacterial infection on admission who were admitted to the fifth Medical center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2014 to March 2016, and their clinical features were analyzed. According to the outcome after 72 hours of anti - infective therapy, these patients were divided into effective group and ineffective group. The t-test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups, and the Mann - Whitney U rank sum test was used for comparison of non - normally distributed continuous data between two groups. The chi - square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. A logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for outcome after 72 hours of anti - infective therapy and establish a predictive model, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of the new model. Results Hepatitis B virus infection observed in 161 patients and alcoholic liver disease observed in 60 patients were the most common causes, and 29 patients experienced septic shock. There were 312 case - times of bacterial infection, with ascites (199 patients) and the lung (77 patients) as the most common infection sites. A total of 49 strains were cultured, among which Escherichia coli (16 strains) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (13 strains) were the most common strains. A total of 20 patients also had fungal infection. Of all patients, 156 (58.4%) had response to anti - infective therapy. Compared with the ineffective group, the effective group had significantly lower incidence rates of acute kidney injury, hepatic encephalopathy, and septic shock, pulmonary infection rate, fungal infection rate, white blood cell count, neutrophil count, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, serum creatinine, international normalized ratio (INR), and Model for End - Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score (all P < 0. 05) and significantly higher ascites infection rate and prothrombin time activity (both P < 0. 05). Compared with the ineffective group, the effective group had significantly lower 30 - day mortality rate (15. 2% vs 77. 5%，%2 = 97.942，P<0.001) and 90-day mortality rate (35.2% vs 91.7%，,2 =71.977，P<0.001). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that baseline INR and the presence of septic shock were the risk factors for the outcome of anti - infective therapy. The new predictive model was logistic (p) = -5.907 + 2. 260 x septic shock (yes = 1, no=0) +1.603 x INR. At the cut - off value of -2.3, this model had an area under the ROC curve of 0. 746, with a sensitivity of 62. 2%，and a specificity of 78. 2%. This new model had a higher diagnostic value than MELD score (Delong test, Z = 2. 402, P =0. 016) . Conclusion INR and septic shock were independent influencing factors for predicting the therapeutic outcome of patients with ACLF and bacterial infection after 72 hours of anti - infective therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【目的】探索血清降钙素原（PCT）及中性粒细胞百分比（NE%）对肝硬化失代偿期合并细菌感染的早 期诊断价值。【方法】回顾分析2016年1月至2017年6月在中山大学附属第三医院感染性疾病科住院的244例肝 硬化失代偿期患者的临床资料。根据是否合并细菌感染分为感染组120例，无感染组124例，感染组中包括自发 性细菌性腹膜炎（SBP）60 例，肺部感染 25 例，血流感染 16 例，其他感染 19 例。比较各组患者的 PCT、WBC、 NEUT、NE%、WBC/PLT水平。采用受试者工作特征曲线分析法获得ROC曲线下面积（AUROC），并计算其敏感性 及特异性。采用并联诊断试验，探索PCT联合NE%的诊断价值。【结果】感染组PCT、WBC、NEUT、NE%、WBC/ PLT水平高于无感染组，差异有统计学意义（P75.0%为截断 值，敏感性为45.8%，特异性为94.4%。PCT联合NE%行并联诊断试验，敏感性83.3%，特异性92.7%。【结论】血清 PCT可作为肝硬化失代偿期合并细菌感染的早期诊断指标，建议以0.38 ng/mL为截断值。PCT与NE%联合可提 高细菌感染早期诊断的准确性。

目的鉴定路邓葡萄球菌， 总结其耐药谱和临床感染特征。方法收集天津市第一中心医院住院患者确定存在医院感染者分离的菌株，采用VITEKMS质谱仪鉴定路邓葡萄球菌，并进行药敏试验，统计检出路邓葡萄球菌的标本类型、原发疾病及病区分布。 结果采用VITEKMS质谱鉴定的路邓葡萄球菌48 株，占葡萄球菌属细菌的0. 56% (48/8 527)，占凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌的0.76%(48/6 291)。 该菌株对宵霉索和红霉索耐药率较高， 分别为64.6%、37.5%；对克林忘索、 复方新诺明、左旋氧氛沙星、 庆大忘索、莫西沙星的耐药率均<15%，分别为14.6%、12.5%、6. 2%、4. 2%、2. 1%；对其他药物均敏感。 感染路邓葡萄球菌的原发病主要包括： 尿毒症(29. 1%）、糖尿病(6. 2%） 糖尿病足(6.2%） 、前列腺增生(6. 2%） 、 中耳炎(6. 2%） 、肝移植术后感染(6.2%） 、类风湿关节炎(4.2%） 、皮肤软组织感染(4.2%） 。 检出路邓葡萄球菌的标本类型主要有肾周引流液(22.9%），伤口分泌物(20.8%），尿液(16.6%），耳分泌物(6.2%），肛拭子(6.2%），腹水、鼻拭子和脓液各占 4. 2%，胆汁、静脉血、透析液、前列腺液、皮肤拭子、气管吸物各占2. 1% 。 路邓葡萄球菌感染病区以外科病区为首(64.5%），主要有复苏室病房、移植外科、耳鼻喉科和泌尿外科等；其次是内科病区(25.0%），主要有免疫科、 中西医科、 国诊科等；重症监护科占6.3%； 感染科占4. 2%。 结论采用VITEKMS质谱对路邓葡萄球菌鉴定准确率商。路邓葡萄球菌对青霉索和红霉索耐药率较高，感染此菌的原发疾病主要有尿毒症、糖尿病、前列腺增生等疾病，检出标本类型主要有肾周引流液、伤口分泌物、尿液等，感染病区以外科为主。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

要：目的　总结成人急性淋巴细胞白血病院内感染病原菌分布和耐药情况，并找出院内感染的危险因素。 方法　回顾性分析５２ 例接受化疗的成人急性淋巴细胞白血病患者的痰液及其他分泌物培养结果、药敏试验结果， 并采用单因素分析及Logistic 回归分析成人急性淋巴细胞感染患者化疗期间院内感染的危险因素。结果　52 例成 人急性淋巴细胞白血病患者接受化疗共109 例次，发生院内感染67 例次 (61.46%)。成人急性淋巴细胞白血病患 者分泌物培养获得病原菌 36 株，阳性率为 57.14% (36/63)，包括革兰阴性菌 20 株（以肺炎克雷杆菌及大肠埃希菌 为主）、革兰阳性菌１０ 株（以草绿色链球菌、表皮葡萄球菌及溶血性链球菌为主）、真菌6 株（以白色念珠菌为主）。 其中，革兰阴性菌对青霉素类及头孢类抗菌药物普遍耐药，对碳青霉烯类抗菌药物普遍敏感。住院时间超过28d、 白细胞数目、中性粒细胞数目、粒缺持续时间、白蛋白、前白蛋白、D-二聚体、血小板、血红蛋白及疾病是否获得完全 缓解与成人急性淋巴细胞白血病患者化疗期间发生院内感染有关 (P 均<0.05)。白细胞数、白蛋白水平及疾病是 否获得完全缓解是成人急性淋巴细胞白血病患者化疗期间发生院内感染的独立危险因素 (P 均<0.05)。结论　 成人急性淋巴细胞白血病患者化疗期间院内感染主要感染病原菌为革兰阴性菌，对碳青霉烯类抗菌药物敏感。成 人急性淋巴细胞白血病患者化疗期间发生院内感染的危险因素主要有白细胞数低、白蛋白水平低及疾病未获得完 全缓解。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

噬血细胞综合征(HPS)即为噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增多症(HLH ),包括以发热 、肝脾大 、全血细胞减少 、凝血功能及肝功能异常等为主要临床表现的综合征 . 在骨髓 、肝 、脾 、淋巴结组织中可发现噬血现象 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

目的观察区域隔离对ICU 患者多重耐药菌( MDROs) 感染发生率和检出率的影响。方法收集ICU 患者160 例，根据隔离方法不同将其分为对照组79 例和观察组81 例， 分别采用单间隔离、区域隔离方法。应用全 自动细菌鉴定仪进行菌种鉴定，采用K-B 法进行药敏试验； 自制评价量表，评估医护人员的工作效率。结果观察 组MDROs 检出率为48. 15% ，对照组MDROs 检出率为44. 30% ，其中耐碳吉霉烯类鲍曼不动杆菌、耐碳宵霉烯类 铜绿假单胞菌检出率最商，两组差异无统计学意义；观察组医护人员的工作效率评分为(92. 45 土4. 63) 分， 商于对 照组的(85. 34 丑58) 分(P < 0. 05) 。结论区域隔离与单间隔离方法在降低ICU 患者MDROs 检出率方面无明 显差异，但能提高医护人员的工作效率。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To understand the awareness rate and mastering degree of operating room nurses on the knowl- edge of multidrug resistant（MDR）bacterial infection，in order to provide the targeted related guidance and training for clinic， and scientific and clinical practical basis for the health department management. Methods The hospitals in Bishan District of Chongqing City conducted the stratified cluster sampling by using the questionnaire investigation mode from January to May 2017.One hundred and twenty on-the-job operating room nurses in secondary and primary hospitals were investigated. The awareness and mastering situation of MDR bacterial infection knowledge was collected and statistically analyzed by using the SPSS19.0 statistical software. Results Among 120 operating room nurses，43 respondents（35.8%）got the full marks of 15 items in MDR bacterial infection knowledge and 29 respondents（24.2%）got below 9 points. In 15 items，the awareness rate of operating room nurses on MDR bacterial infection knowledge in 4 items was more than 80.0%，which of hand hygiene signifi- cance，6-step hand washing method and hand washing indication was the highest[91.7%（110/120），90.0%（108/120）]；in 15 items，the awareness rate of operating room nurses on MDR bacterial infection knowledge was less than 75.0% in 8 items，the awareness rate of operating room nurses on MDR bacterial infection types was the lowest [66.7%（80/120）].The awareness of MDR bacterial infection knowledge had no statistical differences between different sexes and among different education levels （P>0.05）；the awareness rates of operating room nurses on MDR bacterial infection knowledge had statistical differences among different nursing ages，professional and technical positions，post positions，hospital levels，whether teaching students， times of joining MDR bacterial infection knowledge training（P<0.05）. Conclusion Partial operating room nurses are poor in mastering the knowledge of MDR bacterial infection.It is needed to strengthen the guidance，and carry out the hospital infection knowledge training，education and assessment，meanwhile the relevant management departments should also adopt correspond- ing measures to conduct the management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To assess the value of flow cytometry in the diagnosis of postoperative infection following renal transplantation. Methods According to postoperative imaging findings and laboratory examination outcomes, 51 recipients undergoing the first renal transplantation were divided into the bacteria (n=33), fungus (n=9) and BK virus (n=9) groups. Twenty-eight recipients with stable conditions after renal transplantation were assigned into the stable group. Flow cytometry was adopted to detect the percentage and absolute counting of lymphocyte subpopulation in the peripheral blood of recipients in each group. Renal function, percentage and absolute counting of lymphocyte subpopulation in the peripheral blood were statistically compared among different groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to evaluate the diagnostic value of the percentage and absolute counting of lymphocyte subpopulation in infectious diseases after renal transplantation. Results Compared with the stable group, the serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels in the bacteria, fungus and BK virus groups were significantly up-regulated, respectively (P=0.035, 0.007, 0.024; 0.037, 0.006, 0.032). Compared with the stable group, the percentage of CD16+ CD56+ natural killer (NK) cells was significantly declined in the bacterial (P=0.036) and fungus groups (P=0.015), and the proportion of CD4+ /CD8+T cells was dramatically decreased in the fungus group (P=0.004). Compared with the bacterial group, the percentage of CD3+ CD8+T cells was significantly elevated (P=0.013 and 0.008), the proportion of CD3+ CD4+T cells was considerably declined (P=0.003 and 0.010), and the percentage of CD4+/CD8+T cells was significantly declined (P=0.003 and 0.005) in the fungus and BK virus groups. Compared with the stable group, the quantity of CD3+ T cells, CD3+ CD8+T cells and CD16+ CD56+ NK cells was significantly declined in the bacterial, fungus and BK virus groups, respectively (P=0.025, 0.002, 0.003; 0.015, 0.005, 0.006; 0.001, 0.001, 0.031). In addition, the quantity of CD3+ CD4+T cells was considerably decreased in the fungus and BK virus groups (P=0.001, 0.003). The quantity of CD19+ B cells was significantly reduced in the BK virus group (P=0.019). Compared with the bacterial group, the quantity of CD3+ CD4+T cells was considerably lower in the fungus group (P=0.023). ROC curve analysis revealed that the quantity of CD3+ CD4+T cells [area under curve(AUC)=0.8492] and CD16+ CD56+ NK cells (AUC=0.8889) yielded relatively high accuracy in the diagnosis of fungal infection. The quantity of CD3+ T cells (AUC=0.8472), CD3+ CD4+T cells (AUC=0.8452) and CD19+ B cells (AUC=0.8115) yielded relatively high accuracy in the diagnosis of BK virus infection. Conclusions Flow cytometry detection of the lymphocyte subpopulation in peripheral blood can evaluate the immune function of patients. Absolute counting of lymphocyte subpopulation can directly assess the degree of immunity. These two combined parameters provide guiding significance for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of infectious diseases in recipients after renal transplantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Practical Pharmacy & Clinical Remedies is the property of Editorial Department of Practical Pharmacy & Clinical Remedies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To understand the distribution of conditioned pathogenic bacteris and their resistance to anti-bacterial drugs in the Puning Municipal People's Hospital during 2014-2016 in order to provide a reference for the prevention and control of hospital infection and clinically rational selection of antibacterial drugs. Methods The clinical infectious specimens were collected in the Puning Municipal People's Hospital from January to December 2016 for conducting the bacteriological detection and antimicrobial drug susceptibility test，at the same time the detection data and related data of conditional pathogenic bacterial infection during 2014-2015 were retrospectively surveyed. Then the results were statistically analyzed. Results The conditional pathogenic bacterial infection in the Puning Municipal People's Hospital during 2014-2016 was mainly Gram-negative bacilli. The specimen type constituent ratio was highest in sputum and urine. The resistance rates to antibacterial drugs were unceasingly changed. The isolated bacterial sum total showed the increasing trend year by year and the bacterial species distribution was also different. Conclusion Hospital conditional pathogenic bacterial infection is easier to appear the change in the aspects of the bacterial species distribution，specimen type and drug resistance. Therefore hospital and relevant departments should strengthen the monitoring of hospital conditional pathogenic bacteria，timely grasp the changes of the infection，and provide a scientific basis for formulating the prevention and control measures and strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the significance of detecting serum CRP, myocardial enzymes, liver function index in pediatric patients with rotavirus infectious diarrhea. Methods: 110 pediatric patients with rotavirus infectious diarrhea and 85 age-matched patients with bacterial infectious diarrhea who were both treated in our hospital from January, 2014 to May, 2016 were enrolled in the present study. Another 20 healthy patients who had physical examination in our hospital were considered as control group.The differences of serum CRP, IL-6, hs-cTnT, CK, CL-MB, AST, ALT level and the incidence of parenteral injury were compared. Results: The incidence rate of lower respiratory tract infectivity, rash, myocardial damage and hepatic injury in RV group were significantly lower than the bacterial infectious group (P＜0.05), the level of serum CRP, IL-6 in RV group and bacterial infectious group were significantly higher than the control group,and those of RV group were significantly lower than bacterial infectious group (P ＜0.05); the level of hs-cTnT, CK, CL-MB, AST, ALT in RV group were significantly higher than bacterial infectious group and control group (P＜0.05),and those indexes of bacterial infectious group were no significantly differences compared with healthy control (P ＞ 0.05). Conclusion: The combined detection of serum CRP, myocardial enzyme and liver function indexes were of certain significance in the early distinguishing diagnosis of bacterial infectious diarrhea from rotavirus infectious diarrhea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)