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子宫内膜小细胞神经内分泌癌 (SCNEC) 是一种极其罕见、具有高度侵袭性的恶性肿瘤, 其病因及发病机 制尚不明确, 常见的临床表现为异常子宫出血, 早期可有淋巴和血源性转移, 并远处转移到肺和脑, 预后极差; 病理 学特征和特异性神经内分泌标志物是诊断和鉴别诊断的主要依据, 目前尚无灵敏度和特异度均较高的神经内分泌 标志物用于术前筛查; 该病的高复发率和不良预后使其治疗具有挑战性, 以手术治疗为主, 基于铂和依托泊苷的联 合化疗是治疗不同部位神经内分泌肿瘤的基石, 免疫和靶向治疗可能为子宫内膜 SCNEC 的治疗提供新的选择。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Finite element analysis is a commonly used mathematical modeling method to analyze the biomechanics of the lumbar spine. By constructing finite element models of the complex tissues such as muscles, blood vessels, and nerves in the lumbar region, mechanical analysis is performed to elucidate the pathogenesis of lumbar spine disorders and the mechanical mechanisms of treatment approaches. OBJECTIVE: To review the progress of finite element analysis in understanding the pathogenesis and treatment modalities of lumbar spine disorders, and to propose a new clinical workflow for the implementation of finite element analysis, aiming to provide a reference for future studies and promote the widespread utilization of finite element analysis in clinical diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: The PubMed database was searched using English keywords “finite element analysis, lumbar vertebra”, while the WanFang and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases were searched using Chinese keywords “finite element analysis, lumbar vertebra”. A total of 73 articles were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Lumbar spine degeneration in non-slipped patients typically originates from the posterior annulus fibrosus, while in patients with lumbar spine spondylolisthesis, degeneration starts from the lumbar facet joints due to abnormal mechanical mechanisms. (2) Restoring vertebral body height can prevent adjacent-level degeneration, and finite element analysis-measured vertebral compression strength can serve as an effective predictor of fracture risk, replacing bone density measurements. (3) In lumbar spine fusion surgery, selecting fusion devices of appropriate height and placing them transversely can prevent device subsidence. Increased intervertebral strain, circumferential stress, and intervertebral pressure in adjacent segments after fusion surgery may contribute to the occurrence of degenerative changes in neighboring segments. (4) Finite element analysis results suggest that preoperative planning for transforaminal endoscopic surgery should include considerations for osteotomy size to avoid excessive destruction of the articular process, and intraoperatively, preferential selection of a technique that traverses the superior articular process for foraminal dilatation. (5) In percutaneous kyphoplasty, bilateral pedicle screw augmentation should be performed, distributing bone cement on both sides of the pedicle. More advanced non-aluminum glass polyalkenoate cement materials should be selected. (6) Traction therapy should be personalized based on individual patient characteristics, including customized traction angles and forces, to achieve optimal therapeutic effects. (7) Manual therapy can induce relative displacement between the herniated intervertebral disc and the nerve root, thereby reducing compression. (8) The workflow involving CT/MR-AI Plus FEA-AI Plus Surgical robots can enable more precise diagnosis and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Hainan Medical University is the property of Journal of Hainan Medical College Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To analyze the research status and trends of early esophageal cancer treatment, and to provide guidance for promoting cutting⁃edge research on early esophageal cancer treatment. Methods Bibliometric analysis was used to screen the relevant literatures included in the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastucture (CNKI), China Biology Medicine (CBM), Web of Science core database and PubMed database from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2023. CiteSpace 6.3.R1 software was used to visually analyze the annual publication volume, authors and keywords of the included literatures. Results A total of 1,752 Chinese literatures and 997 English literatures were included. From 2013 to 2021, the number of Chinese literature publications on early esophageal cancer treatment constantly exceeded 100 articles each year, surpassing the number of English literature. In contrast, the number of articles published by the top five authors in English (all ≥35 articles)was higher than that of the top five authors in Chinese (all ≥5 articles), with a higher degree of collaboration among authors. The analysis of research hotspots and collaboration status indicated that institutions such as Peking Union Medical College and the Chinese People's General Hospital had made significant contributions to the research in this field. However, the connection among research teams in China were relatively weak, while foreign authors demonstrated closer collaboration. Keyword analysis revealed that frequently used words such as "Endoscopic", "Efficacy" and "Precancerous lesion" were prevalent in Chinese literature. In English literature, keywords like "Therapy", "Mucosal resection" and "Endoscopic mucosal resection" were more frequently mentioned. Furthermore, mutation analysis indicated a growing focus on the quality control and safety in treatment both domestically and internationally. Conclusions The treatment of early esophageal cancer is a prominent area of research both domestically and internationally, and researchers should strengthen cooperation. Future research of the treatment of early esophageal cancer may be focused on treatment methods, complications associated with treatment, recurrence rates, and risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of electrophysiological therapy in the treatment of type ⅢB chronic prostatitis (CP), and to provide clinical data for the application of electrophysiological technology in the diagnosis and treatment of male diseases. Methods This study utilized a self-matched pre-post comparison design to evaluate 31 patients with type ⅢB chronic prostatitis who underwent electrophysiological therapy in the Department of Andrology, Liuzhou Municipal Liutie Central Hospital from December 2021 to November 2022. Patients were selected based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. All participants underwent visual and accurate electrophysiological diagnosis (VAED) and completed several clinical assessments, including the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI), the severity score for chronic prostatitis symptoms (CP/CPSI), the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire, both before and after treatment. Results After treatment, patients exhibited significant improvements in NIH-CPSI, CP/CPSI, IPSS, and GAD-7 scores. Thermographic (TMT) scans using VAED also revealed statistically significant reductions in both the minimum and mean inguinal temperatures compared to pre-treatment levels (all P＜0.05). Conclusion Electrophysiological therapy is a safe and effective treatment for type ⅢB chronic prostatitis. It significantly reduces pain and anxiety symptoms in patients, thereby improving their quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jaundice is one of the common clinical symptoms, which is characterized by eyes stained yellow especially. The classification and prescription of jaundice are improved continuously. This consensus describes the history of jaundice, etiology and pathogenesis, common symptoms, clinical treatment, evaluation of therapeutic effect, preventive regimen and regression follow-up, highlighting its clinical practicality and reflecting the latest research progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Inhibitory control and drug craving are the core elements of evaluating drug withdrawal in methamphetamine addicts, which has attracted much attention in academic circles. As we all know, in order to achieve complete abstinence from drug addiction, the key is to restore the damaged inhibition and control function of drug addicts and effectively reduce the craving for drugs. OBJECTIVE: To systematically analyze the relationship between exercise and methamphetamine abstinence inhibitory control and drug craving, to find out an effective exercise intervention scheme that can promote methamphetamine abstinence, and to further explore the internal mechanism of exercise, in order to provide theoretical support and applied reference for the future use of exercise in drug withdrawal. METHODS: CNKI, WanFang, VIP, Web of Science, and PubMed databases were searched for relevant literature using the keywords of “exercise, physical activity, methamphetamine, inhibitory function, craving, addiction” in Chinese and “sport*, exercise, methamphetamine, drug craving, executive function, addiction” in English. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 86 documents were finally included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In terms of inhibitory control in methamphetamine abstinent individuals, either acute and long-term moderate-intensity aerobic exercise or acute high-intensity interval training can significantly improve the inhibitory control capacity of methamphetamine abstinent individuals. For long-term aerobic exercise, aerobic group exercise or full-body comprehensive exercise is more effective. If the exercise format is power cycling, it is recommended to increase the frequency of exercise intervention. In terms of the drug craving intensity in methamphetamine abstinent individuals, acute moderate-intensity aerobic exercise and resistance training, as well as long-term moderate-intensity, high-intensity, or progressive load aerobic and resistance training, can effectively reduce the drug craving in methamphetamine abstinent individuals. Exercise exerts intrinsic regulatory effects on methamphetamine-mediated addiction. Exercise can influence the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase in the brain’s ventral tegmental area, thereby stimulating the expression of dopamine receptor coupling proteins and promoting dopamine synthesis in the brain’s reward regions, thereby compensating for dopamine depletion caused by methamphetamine addiction. Furthermore, exercise can also regulate protein kinase A inhibitors, affecting the protein kinase A signaling pathway mediated by dopamine D1 receptors, by inhibiting protein kinase A, thus affecting cAMP response element-binding protein and regulating methamphetamine addiction. Additionally, exercise can also, at the genetic level, affect the expression of the c-fos gene in the brain’s nucleus accumbens region, activate a subset of glutamatergic neurons in this area, generate a rewarding effect, and thus improve methamphetamine addiction. Although current research has confirmed the relationship between exercise and methamphetamine addiction and has clarified the brain mechanisms underlying the effects of exercise, whether there are other brain regulatory pathways for the effects of exercise remains to be explored through more scientifically rigorous animal or human experiments, starting from the cellular or molecular level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) is an antibody-mediated inflammatory disease of the central nervous system predominantly affecting the optic nerve and spinal cord. Although rare, NMOSD is highly disabling and can lead to recurrent episodes resulting in blindness, paralysis or even death. The prognosis of the patients can be improved with timely and accurate diagnosis and treatment. This article will introduce the history, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of NMOSD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the clinicopathologic features and diagnostic of metaplastic breast cancer (MpBC). Methods A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 46 patients with pathologically confirmed MpBC admitted to the hospital from January 2014 to December 2022 was performed to analyze their clinicopathological features, outcomes and survival. The median follow-up time was 50. 9 months. Results A total of 46 patients with median age of 52 years were female. The molecular subtype was triple-negative in 80. 4% (37/46) of the patients, with spindle cell carcinoma being the most common histological subtype [32. 6% (15/46)]. All 46 patients underwent surgical treatment, and the most common distant metastasis was to the lungs [57. 1% (8/14)]. The 3-year and 5-year progression-free survival rates were 78. 0% and 61. 3%, respectively. The 3-year and 5-year overall survival rates were 82. 9% and 64. 3%, respectively. Tumor pathological grade 3, lymph node metastasis, and Ki-67＞50% were the risk factors for the prognosis of MpBC patients (P＜0. 05). Ki-67＞50% was an independent risk factor for the prognosis of MpBC patients (P＜0. 05). Conclusion MpBC progresses rapidly, and poor overall survival, surgical excision is the treatment excision for MpBC, and Ki-67＞50% is an independent risk factor for its prognostic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

宫腔粘连（IUA）是一种妇科常见病和难治病，是导致育龄期妇女月经量减少、闭经、继发性不孕或反复流 产的主要原因。宫腔镜下宫腔粘连分离术（TCRA）是目前临床治疗IUA的首选方法，但因其对子宫内膜的创伤性操 作，术后会引起宫腔再粘连。间充质干细胞（MSCs）具有自我更新能力、多向分化潜能，并且组织相容性高、免疫调 节能力强和致瘤性低，已广泛用于治疗IUA。但MSCs存在动员效率低、归巢困难和移植细胞排斥等问题。MSCs衍 生的细胞外囊泡（EVs）是MSCs发挥旁分泌效应的一种重要形式，可向其靶细胞传递蛋白质、mRNA、miRNA和脂质 等活性物质，不仅具有与其来源细胞相似的功能，而且其稳定性更高、免疫原性更低。MSCs衍生的EVs可通过抗炎 和免疫调节、抑制子宫内膜纤维化、促进子宫内膜修复和新生血管形成以及调节子宫内膜基质重塑等，促进IUA子 宫内膜损伤修复。因此，利用MSCs衍生的EVs治疗IUA可能是一种有价值的替代策略，但目前对MSCs衍生的EVs 成分及治疗IUA机制尚不明确并且缺乏标准化和规模化的分离纯化技术，其治疗IUA仅在动物或细胞模型中进行。 因此，尚需进一步阐明MSCs衍生的EVs主要成分和作用机制，从而为其临床应用提供理论基础。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is one of the leading causes of disability and death among adults worldwide. In recent years, significant advancements have been made in the diagnosis and treatment of AIS, driven by a deeper understanding of its pathophysiological mechanisms and innovations in therapeutic methods. These advancements range from multimodal imaging to the applications of biomarkers, from intravenous thrombolysis to mechanical thrombectomy, from immunomodulation to neuroprotective strategies, and from stem cell therapy to nanomedicine. The field has evolved from drug treatments alone to comprehensive therapeutic models that combine medication with mechanical thrombectomy. The management of AIS is increasingly moving towards individualized, precise, effective, and holistic approaches. Through applying diverse and advanced diagnostic and therapeutic techniques, the early diagnosis level and treatment efficacy of AIS can be enhanced, and ultimately the patients’ outcomes can be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma of the endometrium is a rare gynecological malignancy. Due to the low incidence, strong invasiveness, easy recurrence and metastasis, patients with this kind of disease are usually seen at an advanced stage. There is no clear treatment plan at present, and the prognosis is poor. We report the diagnosis and treatment process of a patient with mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma of the endometrium involving cervical interstitium. The patient was treated for two times of postmenopausal vaginal fluid and irregular vaginal bleeding for more than 20 days. Hysteroscopy (primary surgery) was performed on November 18, 2022, and the postoperative pathological examination results showed endometrioid adenocarcinoma. Therefore, transabdominal extrascial hysterectomy, bilateral ovarian arteriovenous high ligation, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, abdominal para-aortic lymphadenectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection (secondary surgery) was performed on December 1, 2022. Combined with the results of pathological examination of the two surgeries, stage Ⅱ of mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma of the endometrium was diagnosed. After surgery, the patient was given five cycles of paclitaxel combined with carboplatin chemotherapy, one course of pelvic external beam radiotherapy and one vaginal brachytherapy. No disease recurrence or metastasis was observed during follow-up until April 10, 2024. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To improve the diagnosis and treatment of cervical lipoleiomyoma. Methods: 17 cases of cervical lipoleiomyoma admitted between September 2011 and April 2023 in the Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Capital Medical University were analyzed retrospectively, including their pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, and treatment. Results: The average age of onset was (44.6 ±9.6) years. Patients mainly presented with lower abdominal pain or flank pain, menorrhagia, or asymptomatic. Ultrasound examination in all patients did not suggest cervical lipoleiomyoma, while 5 patients (29.4%) were suggested the degeneration of the myoma. Six patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and 2 cases detected fatty component. All 17 patients underwent surgical treatment. The cervical lipoleiomyoma ranged from 2.0 to 15.0 cm in diameter. Postoperative pathology of all cases showed cervical lipoleiomyoma. Follow-up ranged from 3 to 141 months, and only one patient had a cervical mass rediscovered at 9 months postoperatively and underwent radical surgery. Conclusions: Cervical lipoleiomyoma is a rare benign tumor, lacking specific clinical symptoms and imaging. The diagnosis mainly depends on surgical exploration and postoperative pathology, and surgery is the main treatment. Long-term follow-up after operation is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With further in-depth studies on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), new evidence, concepts, and methods continue to emerge. Chinese Society of Hepatology, Chinese Medical Association, comprehensively updated and revised the previous guidelines based on the latest research advances in fatty liver disease in China and globally and released Clinical practice guideline of prevention and treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated (non-alcoholic) fatty liver disease (2024 edition) . This article introduces the updates in the new edition of the guideline from the aspects of related terms (metabolic associated fatty liver disease ［MAFLD］), clinical typing and staging, diagnostic criteria, and natural history. The guideline particularly emphasizes the importance of screening, assessment, and noninvasive diagnosis of progressive liver fibrosis in disease management and proposes active multidisciplinary collaboration in the management of MAFLD. With the implementation and application of the new edition of the guideline, the standardization of screening, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of MAFLD patients in China will be further improved to improve the prognosis of the majority of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To further standardize lung cancer prevention and treatment measures in China, enhance the quality of diagnosis and treatment, improve patient prognosis, and provide evidence-based medical guidance for clinicians at all levels, the Chinese Medical Association convened experts from respiratory medicine, oncology, thoracic surgery, radiotherapy, imaging, and pathology to develop the Chinese Medical Association's Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines for Lung Cancer (2024 edition). This consensus resulted in several updates from the 2023 version. The 2024 guidelines highlight that the risk of lung cancer in smokers remains higher than that of non-smokers even 15 years after quitting. Additionally, a new lung cancer incidence risk model is expected to become a critical tool for screening high-risk groups. In pathology, the guidelines now include pathological evaluation of surgically resected lung cancer specimens following neoadjuvant therapy and suggest that immunohistochemical staining of certain transcription factors may aid in the classification of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). In molecular detection, the guidelines propose simultaneous detection of driver gene variations based on both RNA and DNA from specimens. The new edition also provides detailed descriptions of patient selection and surgical requirements for thoracic sub-lobectomy, aligned with the 9th TNM staging. Moreover, the guidelines expand treatment options, approving more therapies for immunoadjuvant and EGFR-TKI resistant lung cancer patients, as well as additional drug options for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with EGFR mutations, EGFR 20 insertions, ALK fusions, and MET exon 14 skipping. These recommendations are based on state-approved drug applications, international guidelines, and current clinical practices in China, integrating the latest evidence-based medical research in screening, diagnosis, pathology, genetic testing, immune molecular marker detection, treatment methods, and follow-up care. The goal is to provide comprehensive and reasonable recommendations for clinicians, imaging specialists, laboratory technicians, rehabilitation professionals, and other medical staff at all levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a common nasal deformity in clinical practice, the retraction of the nasal margin seriously affects the aesthetic appearance of the patient's nose. Despite the rapid development of nasal plastic surgery in recent years, the treatment of nasal alar retraction remains a challenge in plastic surgery. A comprehensive summary and analysis of the definition, pathogenesis, and treatment plans of nasal alar retraction by scholars at home and abroad in recent years is conducted to further enhance clinical physicians' understanding of nasal alar retraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Delayed graft function in kidney transplant recipients is one of the common early complications after kidney transplantation, which is an independent risk factor affecting the short-term and long-term survival of renal allografts. Branch of Organ Transplantation of Chinese Medical Association and Branch of Kidney Transplantation of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care organized well-known Chinese experts in organ transplantation and related disciplines to formulate and discuss the determination of the scope and clinical problems, evidence retrieval and screening, and the formation of recommendations based on “Technical Specification for the Diagnosis and Treatment on Delayed Graft Function After Renal Transplantation (2019 edition)”. After two rounds of collective examination and approval by Chinese Medical Association and China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care, “Guidelines for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Delayed Graft Function in Kidney Transplant Recipients in China” was finally formulated. This guideline puts forward recommendations and explanations regarding 21 clinical problems including the concept, mechanism, risk factors, diagnosis, prevention, treatment and application of immunosuppressive drugs for delayed graft function in kidney transplant recipients, aiming to standardize the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of delayed graft function in kidney transplant recipients, enhance clinical efficacy of kidney transplantation, prolong short-term and long-term survival of kidney transplant recipients and renal allografts and promote the development of the discipline of transplantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the years of exploration and development, the surgical techniques and prognosis of liver transplantation in China have been significantly improved, resulting in a notable decrease in the prevalence of postoperative complications. However, ischemic-type biliary lesion remain a non-negligible issue. The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University formulated and published the "Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Ischemic-Type Biliary Lesions after Liver Transplantation in Mainland China" in 2015, which has now been updated into a guideline based on current conditions and literature reports. This guideline elaborates in detail on the definition, incidence, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention of high-risk factors, and treatment of ischemic-type biliary lesion, aiming to provide standardized and normative guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of ischemic-type biliary lesion after liver transplantation, thereby reducing the rate of re-transplantation and fatality, and to improve the overall quality of life of liver transplant recipients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Detergent & Cosmetics is the property of Detergent & Cosmetics Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Practical Pharmacy & Clinical Remedies is the property of Editorial Department of Practical Pharmacy & Clinical Remedies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: The optimal surgical technique for treating posterior cruciate ligament tibial attachment point avulsion injuries is debatable. With the application and maturity of arthroscopic surgery, it has great prospects in the diagnosis and treatment of posterior cruciate ligament tibial attachment point avulsion fractures. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the application and progress of arthroscopic technology in the treatment of posterior cruciate ligament tibial attachment point avulsion fractures, including different arthroscopic treatment methods, surgical approach, tibial tunnel design, suture material selection, and internal fixation implant selection. METHODS: Relevant literature was retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect databases through computers. The search period was from January 2003 to November 2023. Chinese search terms were "posterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament, avulsion fracture, arthroscopy". English search terms were "posterior cruciate ligament, injury, fracture, tibia, arthroscopic, operation, fixation, treatment". Totally 97 articles were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Arthroscopic technology provides a reliable treatment for posterior cruciate ligament tibial attachment point avulsion fractures. Arthroscopic treatment for avulsion fractures of the tibial attachment point of the cruciate ligament can be divided into several categories based on the type of approach, suture material, and the number of approaches used for suture and fixation of the tibial tunnel: arthroscopic suture fixation combined with autologous graft enhancement and reconstruction, arthroscopic multi cross band suture bridge fixation, arthroscopic strong thread fixation, and arthroscopic direct anterior posterior suture suspension fixation. In various studies, commonly used outcome measures include knee range of motion, Lysholm scale, International Knee Documentation Committee, and KT-2000 arthrometer. Studies have shown that at the last follow-up, the score results showed significant improvement compared to surgery. In the radiological follow-up results of various arthroscopic techniques, all studies have shown satisfactory results. During the follow-up process, all types of patients who received arthroscopic treatment for cruciate ligament tibial attachment point avulsion fractures did not experience serious complications, such as traumatic arthritis, neurovascular injury, perioperative wound infection, thrombosis, and nonunion of fractures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: At present, the incidence of scoliosis is increasing year by year, especially in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Therefore, it is more and more important to strengthen the research on the treatment of adolescent scoliosis. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the current status, hotspots, emerging trends, and frontiers of global research on the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis to provide reference and guidance for future related research. METHODS: The literature related to the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis was retrieved on the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) database from 2013 to 2023. CiteSpace 6.2.R1 software was used for visual analysis of countries, institutions, authors, and keywords. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) A total of 561 English articles were included in this study. Among countries, institutions, and authors, the United States has contributed the most. Nanjing University and Qiu, Yong (Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine) are the most published institution and author. The academic journal with the largest number of articles is the European Spine Journal. (2) In the analysis of cited literature, the top 10 most cited articles mainly describe the effects of surgical treatment and conservative treatment on improving adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, especially improving the curvature of patients. (3) Through the summary of highly cited articles and the keyword clustering, keyword prominence in-depth mining, the research hotspots are currently the relationship between Cobb angle and treatment choice, the therapeutic effect of exercise therapy and the therapeutic effect of posterior vertebral fusion. (4) The prognosis of patients with different curvatures has not been studied in depth, and the etiology of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis has not been clarified, so the relationship between curvature and prognosis and the etiology of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis may be a new research trend in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Ossification of the ligamentum flavum was previously considered to be rare in the population. As research has progressed, its incidence rate is increasing gradually, which has aroused the interest of a large number of researchers. OBJECTIVE: To visualize and analyze the research results on ossification of the ligamentum flavum from the Web of Science Core Collection since 1999 using bibliometric methods, and to review the research history of ossification of the ligamentum flavum, highlighting important literature, summarizing research hotspots, and providing ideas for researchers to find research directions. METHODS: Using the Web of Science Core Collection as the data source, relevant papers on ossification of the ligamentum flavum were searched and screened. VOSviewer 1.6.19 and CiteSpace 6.2.R6 were used to conduct the visual analysis of annual publication volume, research countries, institutions, citations, journals, authors, and keywords. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) A total of 347 papers were included. Since 1999, the number of published papers has increased in a spiral pattern. China’s research started later than Japan’s, but the number of publications has come up later, with Peking University being the institution with the most publications, and Prof. Chen Zhongqiang from Peking University being the scholar with the most publications. (2) Five of the 10 most frequently cited publications were related to the surgical treatment of the disease. (3) Excluding keywords directly related to the research topic and synthetically analyzing frequencies and betweenness centralities of key words, terms such as “thoracic myelopathy,” “dural ossification,” “minimally invasive surgery,” and “ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament” occupied a central position in this field. (4) Keywords clustering analysis showed that clinical manifestations and surgical treatment of ossification of the ligamentum flavum accounted for a large proportion of study. (5) The timeline and burst analysis of keywords revealed that “minimally invasive surgery” appeared as a keyword around 2015, with the highest burst strength and the latest burst start time, and began to receive extensive attention from researchers in 2019. The burst of the keyword “dural ossification” has not yet ended. (6) Surgical treatment for ossification of the ligamentum flavum has been at the forefront of research. Development and research of minimally invasive surgery and research on dural ossification secondary to ossification of the ligamentum flavum are both current research hotspots and possible future research trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles are the most abundant vesicles in the circulation, rich in bioactive molecules, genetic material, proteins and other information molecules, involved in cellular communication and material exchange, not only has good procoagulant activity, but also has the promotion of tissue repair and regeneration, and has a wide range of applications in regenerative medicine. OBJECTIVE: To elaborate the secretion mechanism of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles, their application in regenerative medicine, and limiting factors for clinical transformation, and to provide some theoretical support for the clinical translation of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles. METHODS: A computerized search of the PubMed database from January 2005 to August 2023 was applied to articles relating to platelet-derived extracellular vesicles with the search terms “platelet-derived, platelet-rich plasma, extracellular vesicles, isolated, microvesicles exosomes, applications”. A total of 62 articles that met the subject criteria were finally included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Activated platelet-derived extracellular vesicles produce two types of vesicles, platelet-derived microparticles, whose secretion may be associated with the asymmetry of the actin cytoskeleton, and platelet-derived exosomes, which may be associated with the regulation of H+ -ATPase. (2) Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles are potential effectors of platelet concentrates and platelets themselves, and may intervene in tissue regeneration by promoting angiogenesis, influencing cellular behavior, promoting coagulation and hemostasis, and exerting inflammatory effects. (3) Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles have been reported preclinically in the field of regenerative medicine such as tissue injury, muscle regeneration, cartilage regeneration, and osteoarthritis, and clinical trial data are available as potential therapeutic approaches for wound healing. However, factors such as isolation methods, sample sources, and the types of activators limit the clinical translation of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles into the field of regenerative medicine. (4) In the future, platelet-derived extracellular vesicles may become a cell-free alternative to platelet-rich plasma in regenerative medicine, but the clinical translation of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles needs to actively search for specific markers to differentiate platelet-derived microparticles from plateletderived exosomes. The mechanism of activator-stimulated platelet-derived extracellular vesicle production, as well as the optimal method of platelet-derived extracellular vesicle collection, the optimal method of storage, the shelf life of the platelet-derived extracellular vesicles, the recommended dosage of plateletderived extracellular vesicles for clinical application, and the optimal clinical indications need to be further investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2024年6月，《中华神经科杂志》发布了更新版的《中国急性缺血性卒中诊治指南2023》。该指南基于最新的循证医学证据，提供了急性缺血性卒中（acute ischemic stroke，AIS）诊治的最新推荐意见，涵盖急性期静脉溶栓、机械取栓、二级预防抗血小板治疗等多个方面。本文深入剖析这些关键推荐，结合AIS领域的最新研究成果，对相关文献进行深入解读。本文旨在清晰呈现AIS的最新诊治规范，为临床医师提供实用的指导，以更好地服务AIS患者，改善其治疗效果。 Abstract: In June 2024, the Chinese Journal of Neurology published an updated version of the Chinese Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke 2023. This guideline, grounded in the latest evidence-based medicine, provides the most recent recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), covering multiple aspects, such as intravenous thrombolysis in the acute phase of AIS, mechanical thrombectomy and antiplatelet therapy in secondary prevention. This article intended to delve into these key recommendations, integrating the latest research findings in the field of AIS, and to provide a thorough interpretation of related literature. The purpose of this article is to present the most up-to-date standards of the diagnosis and treatment of AIS, offering practical guidance for clinicians, thereby enhancing the quality of service for AIS patients and improving treatment outcomes.

卒中后血压升高与患者死亡和神经功能恢复不良相关，积极有效地控制血压对改善预后非常重要。《中国卒中患者高血压管理专家共识》基于现有循证医学证据，对出血性卒中和缺血性卒中早期降压治疗的时机、目标和用药措施进行了推荐；考虑到临床实际中多病共存的现状，还对合并心力衰竭、颈部大血管狭窄、主动脉夹层、肾功能衰竭、心房颤动、肺部感染等特殊病情卒中患者的降压时机、目标和用药措施进行了推荐；同时就卒中一级、二级预防中的血压管理进行了介绍。《中国卒中患者高血压管理专家共识》的发布有利于临床实践中卒中患者高血压的规范化管理。 Abstract: Stroke patients with elevated blood pressure are associated with death and poor recovery of neurological function. Active and effective blood pressure control is very important for improving prognosis. Based on existing evidence-based medical evidence, this consensus recommended the timing, target, and medication measures for early blood pressure reduction therapy for hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke. Considering the current situation of multiple diseases coexisting in clinical practice, the consensus also recommended the timing, target, and medication measures of blood pressure reduction in stroke patients with special conditions such as heart failure, carotid artery stenosis, aortic dissection, renal failure, atrial fibrillation, and pulmonary infection. At the same time, the consensus introduced the content of blood pressure management for primary and secondary prevention of stroke. It is conducive to guiding the standardized management of hypertension in stroke patients in clinical practice.

脑出血（intracerebral hemorrhage，ICH）的急性期治疗一直是备受关注的话题。2024年来自多个国家的ICH专家在Stroke杂志上发布了急性自发性ICH的早期综合管理方案——Code ICH。该专家共识围绕ICH的急性期脑损伤机制、早期一体化诊治方案及未来研究方向提出了详细的推荐意见。本文将对该专家共识进行解读。 Abstract: The acute treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has long been a focus of attention. In 2024, ICH experts from multiple countries have proposed the early comprehensive management plan for acute spontaneous ICH, termed Code ICH, which was published in Stroke. The expert consensus provided detailed recommendations on the brain injury mechanism of acute phase, early integrated diagnosis and treatment strategies, and future research directions for ICH. This paper will interpret and analyze the expert consensus.

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子宫癌肉瘤是一种高度侵袭性肿瘤, 预后较差。2020年, 中国医师协会微无创医学专业委员会妇科肿瘤专业委 员会（学组), 中国优生科学协会生殖道疾病诊治分会, 中国优生科学协会肿瘤生殖学分会组织领域内相关专家撰写了 《子宫癌肉瘤诊治中国专家共识（2020 年版)》, 为该疾病的临床诊治提供指导。本共识在原共识的基础上, 结合近年来 国内外研究进展及我国临床实践, 就该病的概况、临床特征、临床诊断与分期、治疗等内容进行更新和补充。本共识建 议, 子宫癌肉瘤需要更积极的综合规范治疗, 并参考分子特征进行分层管理, 以改善患者的预后；推荐所有子宫癌肉瘤 患者进行 HER2 检测, HER2 高表达的复发性子宫癌肉瘤患者推荐靶向 HER2 的抗体偶联药物。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The minimal persistent inflammation （MPI） of allergic rhinitis （AR） is asymptomatic inflammation that occurs locally in the nasal mucosa after exposure to low doses of allergens. With the study of MPI, researchers have realized that this local subclinical inflammation in patients with AR not only causes chronic damage to the nasal mucosa, but also increases the hypersensitivity and hyperresponsiveness of allergic airway disease. The concept of MPI has changed our strategy for the treatment of AR, which requires that we should not only intervene in the symptomatic exacerbation period, but also intervene in the asymptomatic MPI period. This article systematically reviews the immunological mechanism, adverse effects, and treatment strategies of the MPI, to provide better treatment for the MPI of AR and reduce the recurrence of AR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Portopulmonary hypertension (PoPH) represents one of complications occurred in patients with portal hypertension, which is characterized by high mortality rate and poor prognosis. The pathogenesis of PoPH remains unclear; it is believed to involve a complex interplay of factors including hyperdynamic circulation, imbalance of vasoactive substances, genetic factors and inflammatory responses. Up to the present, there is no specific treatment or medication for PoPH. However, medications such as endothelin receptor antagonists, prostacyclins and their analogues, phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors and guanylate cyclase stimulants have been applied in the treatment of PoPH patients. The efficacy and safety of these treatment approaches still require further validation through large-scale, multicentered and randomized controlled trials. Liver transplantation may benefit a sub-group of patients but need a comprehensive assessment of individual cases. This article reviews the diagnosis, epidemiology, pathophysiology and current therapeutic performance of PoPH to further understand the pathogenesis of the disease and to improve diagnosis and treatment. Future research should focus on the development of new therapeutic drugs and evaluation of long-term effects of existing treatment methods, thereby providing more effective and safer treatment options to patients with PoPH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevalence of sarcopenia in type 1 diabetes is higher than that in type 2 diabetes and non-diabetes patients. Screening, diagnosis and intervention of sarcopenia in type 1 diabetes patients as early as possible is of great significance for improving the life quality of these patients. The occurrence of sarcopenia in type 1 diabetes mellitus may be closely related to the decline of skeletal muscle function caused by the decrease of insulin-like growth factor-1, activation of inflammatory factors, mitochondrial dysfunction, and accumulation of advanced glycation end-products. At present, the mechanism of the occurrence and development of sarcopenia induced by type 1 diabetes is not completely clear, and the relevant new drug treatment lacks data support. Further in-depth research may bring a new direction for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia in type 1 diabetes patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2019 Chinese practice guideline for the prevention and treatment of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus developed by Chinese Society of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Medical Association, has shown a good guiding effect in standardizing the process for blocking the mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus in China. Clinical practice guidelines and consensus statements require timely updates based on new research evidence, in order to better guide clinical practice and research. Chinese Physician Association for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Medical Doctor Association, and Chinese Society of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Medical Association, cooperated with multidisciplinary experts and performed updates and supplementations to the above guideline, in order to provide guidance and a reference for clinical physicians and medical staff engaged in maternal and child health care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Stroke is the property of Chinese Journal of Stroke Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Dermatovenereology is the property of Xi'an Jiaotong University Periodicals Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Obinutuzumab is the first humanized, glycosylation-modified type II anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody in the world. Compared with rituximab (type I anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody), obinutuzumab is more effective in the treatment of follicular lymphoma. Clinical trial data have shown a higher incidence of adverse drug reactions related to infusion reactions, thrombocytopenia and neutropenia with the use of otuzumab in the Chinese population. This thesis systematically reviews the common types, mechanisms of related adverse drug reactions, preventive measures and black box warnings of obinutuzumab related adverse drug reactions, with the aim of providing relevant references for safe medication in the real world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasingly serious aging of the population in China, senile osteoporosis has become one of the chronic diseases seriously affecting the health of the elderly. The treatment of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine may learn from each other, optimize the diagnosis and treatment plan, and improve the diagnosis and treatment effect. In recent years, it has been more and more widely used in the clinical and scientific research of senile osteoporosis. In order to better standardize the application of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of senile osteoporosis, the Osteoporosis Prevention and Development Community of the Chinese Society of Traditional Chinese Medicine, in conjunction with the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, according to the standard of evidence-based medicine, organizes multi-disciplinary experts to form a guideline-developing expert group. After the process of guided project establishment and registration, clinical problem screening and determination, evidence retrieval and evaluation, recommendation formation, the guideline for diagnosis and treatment of senile osteoporosis with the integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine is formed. The guideline covers the diagnosis and treatment of senile osteoporosis with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine, aiming to standardize and improve the clinical diagnosis and treatment level of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine for senile osteoporosis and protect the health of the elderly in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

糖尿病肾脏病（DKD）是一种常见的糖尿病微血管并发症, 也是导致糖尿病患者终末期 肾病和死亡的主要原因。DKD的发病机制复杂, 目前尚缺乏有效阻止或逆转DKD进展的治疗方法。 外泌体是由多种细胞分泌的微小囊泡, 可携带多种蛋白质、核酸等生物活性物质。近年研究发现, 外 泌体可作为载体参与细胞之间的交流, 并参与DKD发生发展的过程, 且外泌体中的蛋白在DKD的诊 断和治疗中发挥着重要作用。该文就外泌体及其蛋白在DKD中的研究进展作一综述. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive endocrine disease, mainly manifested by ovulation disorders, menstrual cycle disorders, hyperandrogenemia, etc., and often accompanied by insulin resistance, obesity and metabolic abnormalities. The pathogenesis of PCOS involves genetic factors, environmental factors, chronic inflammation, autoimmune and so on. Metformin as an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator can enhance insulin sensitivity and decrease AMPK-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), and thereby reduce the expression of gluconogenic enzymes. Metformin can promote follicle development and maturation, improve insulin resistance and restore the menstrual cycle, by relieving chronic inflammation, resisting oxidative stress, restoring mitochondrial function, inhibiting ferroptosis, and many other aspects. In addition, the activation of AMPK by metformin is closely related to the reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and the alleviation of liver damage in PCOS patients. The mechanism of AMPK activated by metformin in the treatment of PCOS was reviewed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The clinical incidence of ovarian pregnancy is low, and its prognosis is poor once it ruptures. Most ovarian pregnancies rupture in the early stage of pregnancy, leading to massive bleeding in the abdominal cavity and shock. Preoperative diagnosis of ovarian pregnancy rupture is often misdiagnosed as tubal pregnancy rupture or ovarian corpus luteum rupture. Careful exploration during surgery can lead to a clear diagnosis. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment of ovarian pregnancy are crucial. We reported three cases of ovarian pregnancy. Among them, two cases presented with hemorrhagic shock before surgery, and a case presented with intensified abdominal pain. All patients underwent emergency surgical treatment, and intraoperative exploration confirmed ovarian pregnancy rupture. The treatment of ovarian pregnancy includes drug therapy and surgical treatment. Once rupture occurs, emergency surgical treatment is required. In clinical practice, ovarian pregnancy should be considered in patients with ectopic pregnancy, to achieve early diagnosis and treatment, and to avoid serious complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the immunophenotypic and molecular biological characteristics of patients with elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and enteroblastic differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma (GAED). Methods The clinicopathological data of 13 patients with elevated serum AFP and GAED admitted to Shanxi Cancer Hospital from 2018 to 2020 were collected. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) were used to analyze the immune markers and molecular biological characteristics of the pathological tissues of the patients. Kaplan-Meier method and log rank test were used for survival analysis. Results Among the 13 patients with GAED, 12 were male and 1 was female, aged 41-70 years, with a median age of 64 years. The lesions were mainly located in the gastric antrum (5 cases) and gastric body (4 cases). IHC results showed that the tumor embryonic protein (AFP, SALL4, GPC3), intestinal epithelial differentiation protein (CDX-2, CD10), and some original intestinal epithelial phenotype markers (OCT3/4, Claudin6) were expressed in the tumor tissues. Combined application of multiple markers can reduce the rate of missed diagnosis. Among the 13 patients, 12 had at least one mutation (1 mutation: 1 case, 2-5 mutations: 3 cases, 6-15 mutations: 8 cases), and 1 case was not detected. The gene with the highest mutation frequency was TP53 (10 cases), and other mutant genes included EPHB1 (3 cases), ATRX (2 cases), EPHA5 (2 cases), GATA3 (2 cases), LRP1B (2 cases) and MAP2K4 (2 cases) were also detected. Three of the 13 patients had structural variations, which were C14orf177-GNAS, AIM1-FGFR3, and EPHA6-ROS1 gene rearrangements. All 13 patients had copy number variation, and 11 patients had copy number variation of more than 2 genes. The common amplification genes were IRS2 (5 cases), PTEN (5 cases), GNAS (4 cases), CCNE1 (3 cases), CEBPA (3 cases), PCK1 (3 cases) and ERBB2 (2 cases). The common deletion genes were SOX2 (5 cases) and MYC (5 cases). Among the 13 patients, 4 died, and 2 of the dead patients had liver metastasis. There were 4 patients with disease-free survival and 5 patients with disease progression, including 3 cases of abdominal metastasis and 2 cases of liver metastasis. The 3-year survival rate of patients was 65.9 %, and the 3-year progression-free survival rate was 30.7 %. Gene LRP1B point mutation was associated with poor prognosis (P＜0.001). There was no significant improvement in the prognosis of patients treated with immunotherapy compared with those treated with chemotherapy alone (P=0.595), but the prognosis of patients treated with postoperative chemotherapy or postoperative chemotherapy plus immunotherapy was better than that of patients treated with surgery alone (P＜ 0.05). Conclusions Elevated serum AFP with GAED is a highly invasive tumor with unique molecular characteristics, often accompanied by multiple molecular events. TP53 mutation is the most common type of gene mutation. In addition, some cases are accompanied by HER2 amplification and gene rearrangement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary lung cancer (abbreviated as lung cancer) stands as the most prevalent malignant disease and the leading cause of cancer-related death in China, with an estimated 106.06×104 incident cases and 73.33×104 deaths in 2022. Due to the absence of effective early screening methods, most patients with lung cancer in China are in stage Ⅳ when diagnosed. Multi-disciplinary treatment based on systemic therapy is the treatment principle for patients with stage Ⅳ lung cancer. Chemotherapy remains the cornerstone, but its effectiveness is still unsatisfactory. In recent years, with the rapid development of molecular targeted therapy and immunotherapy, the treatment concept for stage Ⅳ lung cancer has been continually evolving, leading to significant improvements in patient treatment outcomes. To ensure timely updates on the global progress in the treatment of stage Ⅳ lung cancer and further improve the level of standardized diagnosis and treatment of stage Ⅳ lung cancer in China, Medical Oncology Branch of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care and Chinese Association for Clinical Oncologists organized experts to compile "China clinical practice guideline for stage Ⅳ primary lung cancer (2024 edition)". This guideline systematically and comprehensively updates epidemiological data, TNM staging, new drugs, treatment regimens, and new indications approved by China National Medical Products Administration before June 30, 2024, etc. Based on the " Clinical practice guideline for stage Ⅳ primary lung cancer in China(2021 version)" and the " Clinical practice guideline for stage Ⅳ lung cancer in China (2023 edition)." This guideline incorporates recommendation levels for therapeutic drugs and treatment flowcharts for stage Ⅳ lung cancer. The guideline covers common clinical issues and corresponding guidance in the diagnosis and treatment process of stage Ⅳ lung cancer. The guideline aims to guide the clinical practice of stage Ⅳ lung cancer, comprehensively improve the standardized diagnosis and treatment level in China, prolong the survival time of patients with stage Ⅳ lung cancer, and improve patients' quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Connective tissue diseases (CTD) are a spectrum of heterogeneous diseases with multiple organ involvements. Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) are serious complications of CTD. There is great heterogeneity in pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatment of different CTD-ILD. Previous basic and clinical studies have explored the pathogenesis of CTD-ILD, and the "dual-target" treatment strategy has therefore emerged. The implementation of the "dual-target" treatment strategy helps to control CTD activity and lung inflammation in the early stage, prevent the progression of pulmonary fibrosis, and thus improve patient survival and quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cantharidin is a terpenoid compound secreted by Mylabrisphalerata Pallas. In a variety of cancer types, cantharidin has shown the effects of inhibiting cancer cell growth, proliferation and migration. The anticancer mechanism of cantharidin involves inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, inhibiting autophagy, enhancing DNA damage, inhibiting DNA repair, and regulating various cell signaling pathways. This article reviews the mechanism and research progress of cantharidin and its derivatives in common cancer types, in order to identify novel targets of cancer treatment using cantharidin, and provide new direction for clinical research to improve anticancer therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Science Edition) is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)