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With society’s progression, the rapid advancements in science and technology, and the continual economic growth, a heightened emphasis on health and sports is observed. Sports footwear plays an indispensable role in various sporting activities, and, with the progress in science and technology, these products are continually evolving to cater to diverse requirements. Nevertheless, this evolution has led to the manufacturing and disposal of substantial quantities of sports footwear, thereby adversely impacting the environment. Our Common Future advocates for sustainable development that fulfills the present generation’s needs without jeopardizing those of the future generations. In the contemporary context, global concerns regarding sustainability have made it imperative to tackle the environmental pollution stemming from sports footwear across its life cycle. The research focuses on sports footwear and employs a modular design approach to investigate sustainable solutions for sports shoes from a sustainability perspective.In this examination of existing sustainable and modular shoes, the article aimed to elucidate their strengths and limitations concerning sustainability. Sustainable footwear of the present excels in various aspects, including the utilization of recycled materials, reduction of environmental impact, increased adaptability, and the consideration of social equity concerns. Nevertheless, the use of adhesives in assembly processes impedes recycling efforts and inflates disposal costs. In the meanwhile, modular sports footwear often lacks sustainability considerations. To address these sustainability challenges, the study embraced a comprehensive approach that places significant emphasis on full life-cycle sustainability, modular design, and the enhancement of recovery and recycling processes. The article approached the formulation of a sustainable design strategy for modular footwear from a systematic perspective. It outlined a threefold approach to constructing a sustainable modular sports footwear system. Firstly, it is necessary to create a modular system with detachable structures, tailored to user needs and sustainability. Employing the system-function-structure layering model, the article analyzed the structure and function of sports shoes to provide the foundation for module segmentation, and establish a connection with user needs. The article gathered user needs through desktop research, questionnaires, and interviews, providing the basis for module segmentation and subsequent design. In terms of structure, each module was designed without the use of adhesive, facilitating individual disassembly, thereby enhancing production efficiency and recycling ease. Secondly, material selection guided shall be by life cycle and recycling design principles, and it is necessary to prioritize natural materials with minimal environmental impact and recyclable materials. Thirdly, it is necessary to enhance the end-to-end service system design and business chain to improve the user experience throughout the entire process. From a product and service system design perspective, the article created a systematic process that spans from purchase to recycling and replacement. Finally, from the four design elements of structural division, user demand, material selection and system service, the specific design practice was verified. It is found that by applying the proposed design strategy to the specific sports footwear design, the improved solution exhibits enhanced sustainability, with an improved overall evaluation of the design’s ability to better meet user needs while striving for sustainability. Considering that it offers improved repairability but relatively weak durability, subsequent solutions can focus on further optimizing and strengthening the durability to meet evolving user demands.The modular design approach offers a novel avenue for sustainable footwear design, addressing key innovation challenges in the field. It effectively reduces the consumption of non-renewable resources, and mitigates environmental pollution by employing natural and biodegradable materials. The modular structure facilitates easy assembly and recycling, enhances production efficiency, and allows for personalized customization. Compared to traditional sports shoes, sustainable modular sports footwear caters to individual preferences while emphasizing environmental friendliness and recyclability. It preserves the performance characteristics of sports footwear and provides valuable insights for the sustainable design of sports shoes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to understand the effect of low - frequency vibration stimulation on the behavior and physiology of Larimichthys crocea,this study simulated the vibration of breeding cabin by self-made steel sink and actuator,and used the main frequency of underwater noise of traditional knocking operation to catch large yellow croaker. The frequency of 125 Hz (150 dB) and 200 Hz (150 dB) were used to conduct vibration stimulation experiments on 250 g and 500 g groups of large yellow croaker to determine the behavioral response and physiological and biochemical changes of large yellow croaker ( cortisol, epinephrine, thyroxine). The results showed that:(1) In the early stage of acoustic stimulation,the behavioral responses of the two groups of test fish were characterized by random movement,cruising away after slow approach,free or around cruising. After adaptation,the test fish were basically in a regular or free cruising around the wall,cruising away after slow approach,or stagnant,and there was no obvious disturbance response. (2) In 250 g test group,the change of adrenaline at 125 Hz frequency (about 40. 93% increase) was the most significant (P<0. 05). Under the condition of 200 Hz frequency,the change of thyroxine (increased by about 41. 08%) was the most significant (P< 0. 05). Except for increase of other blood indexes except epinephrine was higher than that of 125 Hz frequency group. Therefore,250 g large yellow croaker was more sensitive to 200 Hz. In the 500 g test group, the change of thyroxine ( increased by about 28. 68%) at 125 Hz frequency was the most significant ( P < 0. 05),and other blood indexes decreased. Under the condition of 200 Hz frequency,the change of thyroxine (increased by about 41. 79%) was the most significant (P<0. 05) and higher than that of 125 Hz frequency group,while other blood indexes increased in different degrees in 200 Hz frequency group. Therefore,the 250 g and 500 g groups were more sensitive to 200 Hz vibration stimulation. In this study, the effects of low - frequency vibration stimulation on the behavioral response and physiological and biochemical indexes of large yellow croaker were analyzed. The aim was to improve the growth rate,survival rate and quality of large yellow croaker during the breeding process of large yellow croaker,and to provide data support and reference [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Positions of cervical rotatory manipulation mainly include flexion, neutral, extension and rotation direction. It is still not clear which positions are more beneficial for cervical rotatory manipulation to reduce facet joint displacement in treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy. OBJECTIVE: To compare biomechanical effects of positions on reduction of facet joint displacement by cervical rotatory manipulation in treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy. METHODS: A three-dimensional finite element model of the normal C5-C6 was constructed and validated. Cervical rotatory manipulation was simulated with rotation to the right side in flexion, neutral and extension, respectively. Displacement distributions in forward-backward and upward-downward directions of C5 bilateral inferior articular processes were compared among cervical rotatory manipulation performed in different positions. The same node in C5 inferior articular process of the reduced side was selected as reference point for displacement value. Displacement values in forward-backward and upward-downward directions of C5 inferior articular process of the reduced side were compared among cervical rotatory manipulation performed in different positions. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) With cervical rotatory manipulation performed in flexion, neutral and extension, ipsilateral C5 inferior articular process of rotation moved backward and downward while contralateral C5 inferior articular process of rotation moved forward and upward. Thus, the sliding trend of C5 inferior articular process was significantly correlated with the direction of rotation, but not with positions of flexion, neutral and extension. (2) When cervical rotatory manipulation was performed in flexion, neutral and extension, forward displacement of contralateral C5 inferior articular process of rotation was 1.32, 1.22 and 0.77 mm, respectively, and upward displacement was 1.49, 1.29 and 0.29 mm, respectively. (3) The findings showed that forward-upward displacement of contralateral inferior articular process of rotation was maximum in flexion, indicating that rotation to the healthy side in flexion might be more beneficial for cervical rotatory manipulation to reduce facet joint displacement in treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the link between energy balance and water cycle, changes in evaporation are of critical importance for regional hydrological cycle and water resources management of the Yangtze River basin (YZRB) . In this study, the spatio-temporal characteristics and driving mechanisms of the long- term changes in pan evaporation ( Epan ) of the YZRB from 1960 to 2019 were investigated using the PenPan model, and changes in actual evapotranspiration ( Ea ) were further evaluated using the latest generalized complementary relationship of evaporation. Results show that: ① Both Epan and Ea of the whole YZRB decreased and then increased before and after 1990. The decreases of wind speed and net radiation were the main drivers for decreasing trend of Epan before 1990, but the rise of temperature and decrease of relative humidity were the main drivers for increasing trend of Epan after 1990. ② Trends of pan evaporation in both major climatic regions of YZRB ( i. e., plateau climatic region and subtropical climatic region) were reversed before and after 1990 and were driven by different mechanisms. During 1960—1989, Epan decrease in the plateau climatic region was driven by changes in temperature and radiation, while Epan decrease in subtropical climatic region was driven by changes in wind speed and radiation. ③ During 1990—2019, Epan increase in the plateau climatic region was mainly driven by the rising temperature, increased wind speed and decreased relative humidity, while Epan increase in the subtropical climatic region was largely driven by the rising temperature and decreased relative humidity. This study can provide as a reference for the water cycle change detection and water resources allocation in the YZRB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the advent of the era of 5G and big data, complex medical data with multiple dimensions and a large sample size bring both opportunities and challenges for clinical medicine in the new era. Compared with conventional methods, artificial intelligence can detect the hidden patterns within large datasets, and more and more scholars are applying such advanced technology in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. After development and perfection for more than half a century, liver transplantation has become the most effective treatment method for end-stage liver diseases. Unlike the analysis of "single-patient" data in other fields, liver transplantation usually requires the consideration of the features of both the donor and the recipient and the variables during transplantation, thus generating a larger volume of medical data than other diseases, which is particularly in line with the advantages of artificial intelligence. Effective application of artificial intelligence and its combination with clinical research will usher in the new era of precision medicine. The advantages and limitations of artificial intelligence technology should be comprehensively discussed for the cross-application of artificial intelligence in liver transplantation, and the future directions of this field should also be proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The efficacy and safety of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) combined with autologous bone grafting for the treatment of spinal degenerative diseases such as lumbar spondylolisthesis, spinal canal stenosis and intervertebral disc herniation have been recognized, but few clinical studies have been conducted on the efficacy and safety in the treatment of spinal infectious diseases such as spinal tuberculosis.OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of rhBMP-2 combined with autologous bone grafting for spinal tuberculosis. METHODS: Clinical data of thoracolumbar tuberculosis admitted in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine from November 2010 to May 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent posterior pedicle screw fixation plus bone graft for spinal fusion, with (experimental group) or without (control group) the use of rhBMP-2. In the experimental group, 33 patients were treated with posterior pedicle fixation and autologous bone graft for spinal fusion combined with rhBMP-2 (1 mg). In the control group, 35 patients underwent posterior pedicle fixation and autologous bone graft. Visual analoguescale, the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA), perioperative complications and fusion rate were statistically analyzed. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine. Informed consent was obtained from each patient. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All patients were followed up for more than 1 year. During the follow-up period, no fracture or movement of the internal fixation or distinct collapse of the vertebral body were found. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of operative time, intraoperative blood loss, length of stay, and proportion of perioperative complications (P> 0.05). There was a significant improvement in visual analoguescale scores and ASIA grades in the two groups at 1 week and 1 year after operation (P< 0.05). However, there were no statistically significant differences between the experimental and control groups (P> 0.05). The fusion rate in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group at 6 months after operation (P< 0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups at 1 year after operation (P> 0.05). These findings indicate that rhBMP-2 combined with autologous bone for the treatment of thoracolumbar tuberculosis can accelerate bone fusion with favorable efficacy and safety in a short time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the clinical prognosis of the liver transplant recipients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) complicated with microvascular invasion (MVI). Methods Clinical data of 3 447 HCC recipients undergoing liver transplantation were extracted from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database of American National Cancer Institute. According to the incidence of MVI, all recipients were divided into MVI (n=376) and non-MVI groups (n=3 071). The clinical prognosis of liver transplant recipients was statistically compared between two groups by analyzing the 1-, 3- and 5-year overall survival (OS) and liver cancer specific survival (LCSS). Relevant clinical data including age, gender, race, pathological staging, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging and MVI were recorded in two groups. The independent risk factors of clinical prognosis of HCC recipients undergoing liver transplantation were analyzed by multivariate Cox regression model. The nomogram for predicting the clinical prognosis of the recipients was delineated. The accuracy of the prediction model was evaluated by the consistency index. Results In the non-MVI group, the 1-, 3- , 5-year OS and LCSS were 93.5%, 82.1%, 75.3% and 98.3%, 93.8%, 90.7%, significantly higher than 88.8%, 72.1%, 68.4% and 95.3%, 83.1%, 80.4% in the MVI group (all P<0.05). Multivariate regression analysis showed that pathological staging, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, TNM staging and MVI were the independent risk factors of OS and LCSS in HCC recipients undergoing liver transplantation (all P<0.05). The nomogram consistency index was calculated as 0.624 (0.602- 0.648). Conclusions MVI is an independent risk factor of the clinical prognosis of HCC recipients undergoing liver transplantation, which is significantly correlated with poor prognosis of the recipients. The nomogram based on MVI can predict the clinical prognosis of these recipients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To simulate the cervical rotatory manipulation (CRM) in left/right lateral bending position by using the three-dimensional finite element, so as to investigate the effect of lateral bonding position on the displacement and intra-stress of cervical disc when performing CRM. Methods With MimieslO.Ol , Geomagic Studio, and Solidworks 14.0 software, a three-dimensional finite element model of C5-6 was developed from the CT scan images of a 25-year-old normal adult female. The model was imported into Ansys Workbench 14.5 to verify and simulate the CRM. The CRM was decomposed by prineipium of manipulation in left/right lateral flexion and rotated to the right side. The parameter of mechanics was analyzed with the finite element system. The change of displacement and intra-stress distribution in cervical disc simultaneously were displayed during simulating the manipulation. Results In left/right lateral bending position and rotated to the right side, the posterior part of the left side of cervical disc was all retracted. And the displacement was toward anterior, left lateral flexion (0.93 mm) was smaller than the right lateral flexion (1.12 mm). The intra-stress of cervical disc wen: focused on the posterior part of the right side and the left side in left/right lateral flexion, respectively, and the maximum strews of left lateral bending (7. 00 MPa) was smaller than that of the right lateral bending (8. 19 MPa). Conclusion When the cervical vertebra is in the left lateral bending position and mtates to the right side, the effects on the displacement and intra-stress are smaller than that of the right lateral bending position. Therefore, the left lateral bending position is more likely to protect the left side of cervical disc. When we treat cervical spondylotic radiculopathy with CRM, should let the patients rotate to the contralateral side with lateral flexion to the ipsilateral side. In this way, it can alleviate the symptom, and reduce the risk of secondary injury to the cervical disc of ipsilateral side at the same time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shu Xi wrote Cake Fu when he stayed idly at home. In this piece of Fu，he introduced the cake types in the Wei and Jin dynasties and described the way of making steamed cakes. Different from the description of the halls，gardens and farms in the capital of Fu in the Han dynasty，the Cake Fu had life-based theme，vulgar content，exaggerated and humor style，simple and plain language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Cervical spondylotic radiculopathy could be effectively treated by cervical rotatory manipulation, but the symptoms may be exacerbated when rotated to the wrong direction. OBJECTIVE: To simulate the cervical rotatory manipulation in left/right rotation by three-dimensional finite element, and then investigate the effect of this manipulation on the displacement of cervical disc and the volume of intervertebral foramen so as to provide a basis for effectiveness and safety of cervical rotatory manipulation in treating cervical spondylotic radiculopathy. METHODS: With Mimics10.01, Geomagic Studio and Solidworks 14.0 software, a three-dimensional geometric CAD model of C5-6 was developed from the CT scan images of a 25-year-old normal adult female. The model was imported into Ansys Workbench 14.5, and a three-dimensional finite element model was verified and simulated the cervical rotatory manipulation. The cervical rotatory manipulation was decomposed by principium of manipulation in left lateral flexion and rotated to the left/right side. The parameter of mechanics was analyzed with the finite element system. The change of displacement in cervical disc and volume in intervertebral foramen simultaneously were displayed during simulating the manipulation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In left lateral flexion and rotated to the left side, the posterior part of the left side of annulus fibers was expanded 0.46 mm into posterior, and the posterior part of the right side of annulus fibers was retracted 0.77 mm. The volume of left intervertebral foramen became small and the right side became large. However, in left lateral flexion and rotated to the right side, the posterior part of the left side of annulus fibers was retracted 0.71 mm, and the posterior part of the right side of annulus fibers was expanded 0.43 mm into posterior. The volume of left intervertebral foramen became large and the right side became small. Therefore, the posterior part of the rotated side of cervical disc was expanded into posterior, while the posterior part of the contralateral side of cervical disc was retracted. The volume of intervertebral foramen in rotated side became small, while the volume of intervertebral foramen in contralateral side became large. We should rotate to the contralateral side when cervical spondylotic radiculopathy was treated with cervical rotatory manipulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

目的 探讨微信在行富含血小板血浆（PRP）治疗的髌骨软骨病（CP）患者康复护理中的应用。方法 收集2015 年1 月至2016 年12 月浙江体育职业技术学院附属体育医院收治CP 患者38 例，采用PRP 治疗，治疗后根据 护理方式的不同将患者分为观察组和对照组，各19 例。对照组实施常规护理，观察组在对照组基础上增加微信随访护 理，比较2 组护理后1、3 个月后国际膝关节评分委员会（IKDC）膝关节主观功能评分和美国特种外科医院（HSS）评分。 结果 观察组术后1、3 个月 IKDC 膝关节主观功能评分和膝关节HSS 评分均高于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P< 0.05）。结论 将微信应用于行PRP 治疗的 CP 患者的出院随访中可提高患者满意度，值得推广。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

低分子肝素诱导的血小板减少症合并血栓加重和消化道出血属于临床上罕见的严重不良反 应,该文报道了1例低分子肝素诱导的血小板减少症合并血栓加重和消化道出血致死患者,为临床提供参考。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

免疫耐受是指免疫系统接触抗原后所导致的特异性免疫无应答和低应答状态。 肝移植术后患者如何形成免疫耐受是移植科医师关注的问题之一， 揭示移植免疫耐受的规律可减少长期服用免疫抑制剂相关不良反应。 因此， 关于肝移植术后临床免疫耐受的研究相继展开。 筛选入组患者和临床指标的标准、 寻找免疫耐受预测指标、 发现免疫耐受机制， 是临床免疫耐受研究的主要问题。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives]The purpose of this study was to construct a magnetic nanoprobe and apply it to the fluorescent detection of atrazine. [Methods]The magnetic nanomaterial was firstly synthesized according to the hydrothermal method. A partially complementary DNA duplex was then constructed by the atrazine aptamer and a fluorescein-labeled DNA single strand and assembled on the magnetic nanomaterial. Upon the functionalization with the DNA duplex, the resultant fluorescent magnetic nanoprobe for the specific detection of atrazine was characterized by the ultraviolet spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The atrazine-triggered release of the fluorescein-labeled DNA through the strong specific affinity between atrazine and its aptamer was confirmed by the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(PAGE)analysis. The release resulted in the unlocking of fluorescence quenching between the nanomaterials and the fluorescein, “turning” on the fluorescence for the sensitive quantitation of atrazine by the signal change of fluorescence spectroscopy. [Results]Atrazine was determined by fluorescence in the range of 0.01-20 μg·mL-1,with the correlation coefficient(R2)of 0.998. The detection limit was 8.17 μg·L-1. The nanoprobe showed high selectivity against atrazine compared with other pesticides and efficient anti-interference ability. The average recoveries of atrazine ranged from 95.48% to 102.03% with relative standard deviations(RSD)of 2.17% to 3.14% in the paddy water. The spiked recoveries of atrazine in paddy soil ranged from 94.79% to 100.66% with RSD of 3.40% to 4.72%. [Conclusions]The established fluorescent quantitative method for atrazine was simple but effective and had the sensitivity and accuracy to meet the requirements of pesticide residue analysis in the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The problem of intervertebral disc injury and degeneration has been studied in many ways. Many studies have shown that intervertebral disc injury and degeneration is driven by mechanical loading factors. However, the potential relationship between common phenotypes of intervertebral disc injury and degeneration and mechanical loading factors has been rarely summarized. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the types of common structural abnormalities exhibited by intervertebral disc injury and degeneration in the published literature, and sum up the potential links to the types of mechanical loading that lead to these structural abnormalities in in vitro and ex vivo experimental studies. METHODS: Using the terms “intervertebral disc failure, intervertebral disc injury, mechanical load, mechanical factor, load factor, biomechanics” as Chinese and English key words in PubMed, CNKI, and WanFang databases, articles related to intervertebral disc injury degeneration and mechanical load factors were retrieved. Literature screening was performed according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and 88 articles were finally included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Common structural abnormalities of intervertebral discs include decreased intervertebral disc height, disc bulge, osteophyte formation, annulus fibrosus tear, intervertebral disc herniation or disc prolapse, endplate damage, Schmorl nodes and intervertebral disc calcification. Intervertebral discs are susceptible to mechanical load types such as compression, bending, axial rotation, and compound loads. (2) The compressive load mainly causes the decrease of the proteoglycan content and the water-binding ability of the intervertebral disc, leading to the decrease or swelling of the intervertebral disc and further damage and degeneration of the intervertebral disc. In addition, the excessive compressive load causes greater damage to the endplate. (3) Bending load and axial rotation load damage the annulus fibrosus more than the endplate, and prolonged or repeated bending loads can cause tearing of the fibrous annulus and herniation or prolapse of the intervertebral disc, while pure axial rotation loads can induce less damage to the intervertebral disc and only cause the tear of the annulus fibrosus. (4) However, when different load types act in combination, it is more likely to result in high stress on the disc and a greater risk of disc injury. (5) Injury and degeneration of the intervertebral disc present progressive structural damage, and early prevention and protection are particularly important in clinical practice. Future tissue engineering research can start with early repair of the intervertebral disc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to clarify the effects of different degradation films on the growth of pumpkin and the characteristics of the changes in the degradation performance and mechanical properties of the films.【Method】We investigated the trends of mechanical indexes such as film elongation and breaking force values of black PE film (CK), white degradable film (T1), black degradable film (T2) and black carbon dioxide-based degradable film (T3) and their effects on the growth of pumpkin plants during the reproductive period of pumpkin through the field mulching test.【Result】With the increase of coating time, it was found that the mechanical properties of different membranes showed a decreasing trend through the mechanical properties testing and degradation degree analysis during the important fertility period, and the values of the mechanical indexes of the three degradable membranes showed the most obvious decreasing magnitude. Among them, the initial values of all mechanical indexes of T1 treated membranes were higher than those of T2 and T3, and the degradation degree was weaker than that of T2 and T3 during the reproductive period of pumpkin; the values of all mechanical characteristics of T2 and T3 were relatively similar, and the degradation degree of the membranes was of the same grade. Through correlation analysis, it was concluded that the mechanical characteristics of the degraded film were negatively correlated with the degree of degradation, and the degree of degradation increased with the decrease of the mechanical characteristic values; the SPAD value, chlorophyll a and b contents of the leaves of CK mulching treated plants were higher than those of the three degraded films, and they had stronger photosynthetic capacity, so the growth and development in the number of leaves, area and length of the vine showed better performance. Black degradation film (T2) and black carbon dioxide-based degradation film (T3) treated pumpkins had increased soluble solids and Vc contents, which had an enhancement effect on the overall quality of pumpkin, and the pumpkin yields of the two converged and were not significantly different from those of CK. 【Conclusion】 Degradation of the mechanical properties of the degradable film will accelerate the rate of degradation and affect the performance of film-assisted production, covering the black degradable film and black carbon dioxide-based degradable film can be made to improve the quality of pumpkin quality, and pumpkin yield is not significantly different from the covering of black PE film. In view of the environmentally friendly nature of degradable films in agricultural production, it is feasible to replace ordinary PE films in crop and vegetable production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to its advantaged natural conditions, the urban waterfront area had better sense of experience and stronger plasticity in the design of wild plants than other areas. In order to provide basic materials for the construction of waterfront green space landscape with regional characteristics> low maintenance and low consumption, the wild plant communities in the waterfront green space of Fuzhou were investigated and their species composition characteristics were studied. The results showed that there were 66 species of wild herbaceous plants belonging to 62 genera and 31 families in the urban waterfront research area of Fuzhou, among which Gramineae and Asteraceae were the main ones. The proportion of perennial plants was higher than that of 1-year-old and 2-year-old plants, and the native plants were dominan匚 The community characteristics of wild plants in the waterfront areas were summarized, and it was found that the vegetation community structure in the areas with low accessibility tended to be multi-layered and complex, among which the important values of Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam. and Thalia dealbata Fraser were larger. Based on this, the ornamental plants such as Coreopsis ba sails (A. Dietr.)S. F. Blake, Phragmites australis (Cav.)Trin. ex Steud, etc. were sorted out and analyzed. Finally, it. was proposed to promote the natural regeneration ability of wild plants by means of screening & retention, and vegetation management, so as to play the role of wild plants in repairing the grey zone of urban waterfront space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phytochromes are photochromic proteins that exist with 2 photo-interconvertible isomeric forms: the red-light-absorbing form (Pr) and the far-red-light-absorbing form(Pfr). A short exposure to light in the middle of the night causes inhibition or promotion of growth and flowering in plants, namely night break. After red light night break treatment, phytochrome will convert from Pr form to Pfr form to influence tomato growth, flowering and yield. Therefore night break has been extensively applied as a tool to study the photoperiodic control of flowering and growth for many years. In this study, Jinpeng NO.1 tomato seedlings were used as the material. After germination, the same-sized plants were selected and transplanted to the light emitting diode(LED) growth chamber with a temperature of 28 °C during the day, and 20 °C temperature, 12 h photoperiod and 65% relative humidity during the night. The daily night break treatment was started from 20:00 to 08:00 by red LED light lasting for 5 min at an intensity of 20 μmol/(m2 · s). The night break treatments were applied in different frequencies, including 2 times (once every 4 h), 3 times(once every 3 h), 5 times (once every 2 h), 11 times (once every 1 h), and constant red light in night. The effects of night break by red LED light on tomato seedling morphology, flowering and hormone contents were studied. The Michaelis-Menten growth model was used to fit the relationship between night break times and the stem elongation, and stem diameter respectively. When all tomato seedlings flowered, 20 tomato seedlings in each treatment were transplanted in a greenhouse, to study the influence on per tomato fresh mass and per plant yield when tomato seedlings were pretreated by red light night break. The results showed that, the night break frequencies had significant effect on tomato stem diameter and stem height. When the night break time was 5, the stem diameter decreased by 25.08% and the stem height increased by 30.72% compared with the control. The days needed for flowering were also significantly influenced by night break frequencies. When the night break time increased to 5, the days needed for flowering increased from 39 to 53 d, and the leaves needed for flowering increased from 8 to 11 leaves. Dry matter of the whole tomato plant showed no difference between the red light treatments at night and the control, but the distribution of carbohydrate in different organs changed significantly. When the night break was 5, 11 times or constant red light at night, the stem dry matter significantly decreased by 28.30%, 30.19% and 33.96% respectively compared with the control; on the contrary, leaf dry matter increased by 16.67%, 19.44% and 18.06% respectively. The contents of indole acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellin(GA3) were also significantly influenced by night break frequencies. When the night break time was 5, the content of IAA in stem and leaf decreased significantly by 51.10% and 29.93% respectively, and the content of GA3 in stem and leaf decreased significant by 46.71% and 40.47% respectively. The tomato plant’s pretreatment by red light at night significantly influenced tomato later growth and yield. When the night break time was 5, the per fresh fruit mass of the first cluster increased by 41.78% and per plant fresh fruit mass increased by 11.36% compared with the control. According to the results of red light treatment at night, we can control the growth and development of tomato plants by controlling the night break frequencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Light emitting diode (LED) is a new light source which has several unique advantages, including the ability to control the spectral composition, the relatively cool emitting surfaces and minimum heating. Therefore, the research of precision utilization of LED is very important for energy saving and accuracy control in protected vegetable growth. In this study, Jinpeng NO.1 tomato seedlings were used as the material. After germination, the same-sized plants were selected and transplanted to the LED growth chamber with a temperature of 25°C during the day and 20°C during the night, 12 h photoperiod, and 65% relative humidity. In the daytime, tomato seedlings were grown under white LED at an illumination intensity of 168 μmol/(m2 · s). The ratio of red light (655-665 nm) to far red light (725-735 nm) in white LED was 6.42. Before the tomato seedlings entered the darkness, they were shone by far-red light from 20: 00 to 20: 10 which lasted for 10 min. In the first part of this experiment, the effects of different end-of-day far-red light intensity on tomato seedlings height and stem fresh weight were studied. The end-of-day far-red light intensity included 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 10 and 20 μmol/(m2 · s). The results showed that, with the increase of far-red light intensity, the plant height and stem fresh weight increased, and when the far-red light intensity reached 10 μmol/(m2 · s), the plant height and stem fresh weight reached their maximum value. In the second part of this experiment, the effects of end-of-day far-red light on tomato seedling morphology, dry mass distribution, hormone content, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis rate and mineral elements content were studied. The end-of day far-red light was scheduled to last for 10 min at an intensity of 10 μmol/(m2 · s). The results showed that, after the end-of-day far-red light treatment, compared with the control, the plant height increased by 26.38%, the stem fresh weight increased by 15.36%, the dry mass was distributed more into stem, the content of IAA and GA3 in tomato leaves increased by 19.61% and 50.00% respectively, the content of IAA and GA3 in tomato stems increased by 42.18% and 40.00% respectively, and the content of chlorophyll and photosynthesis rate decreased by 20.24% and 13.99% respectively. The content of nitrogen (N) in stem decreased significantly, and the content of phosphorus (P) in leaf decreased significantly, while the content of potassium (K) in leaf increased significantly, and the N, P and K contents in root of tomato seedling all increased significantly (P<0.05). Phytochromes are important photoreceptors that sense red light and far-red light, and play very important role in plant growth and development. Phytochromes exist in 2 photo-interconvertible isomeric forms: the red-light-absorbing form and the far-red-light-absorbing form. After the end-of-day far-red light treatment, the far-red-light-absorbing form will quickly convert into the red-light-absorbing form, which affects the morphology of plant. Therefore, the height of tomato plants can be precisely controlled by regulating the end-of-day far-red light intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To observe the clinical characteristics of bone mineral density and bone metabolic markers in premenopausal women over 40 years old in Guangzhou. Methods Among the 1170 females who were included in the epidemiological survey of osteoporosis in Guangzhou from March 2017 to April 2017, 131 premenopausal women (43-59 years old) with complete data and meeting inclusion criteria were selected as the study subjects. General data such as height, weight, body mass index, and waist and hip circumference, etc. were recorded and analyzed. Serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone, osteocalcin, type I procollagen N-terminal propeptide, type I collagen carboxy terminal peptide, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were detected. Bone mineral density of the lumbar vertebrae 1-4 and left proximal femur was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and T and Z values were used for diagnosis. Results 1) According to T values for the diagnosis： 55 cases (42. 0%) were in the normal bone mass group, 67 cases (51. 1 %) were in the osteopenia group, and 9 cases (6. 9%) were in the osteoporosis group. According to Z values for diagnosis； 128 cases (97.7%) were in the normal bone mass group and 3 cases (2. 3%) were in the osteopenia group. The general data and bone metabolic markers of the patients were compared using T value grouping. Compared with those in the normal bone mass group, the height, weight, body mass index, and waist and hip circumference in the osteoporosis group were not statistically significant. There were no significant differences in the levels of Ca, P， 25(OH) D, and PTH among the three groups. Compared with the normal bone mass or osteopenia group, the bone resorptive marker p-CTX had an increasing trend in the osteoporosis group, and the bone formation marker ALP, OC, and PINP levels increased significantly. Conclusion The sensitivity of the study population to the diagnosis of osteoporosis using T value is higher than using Z value. Osteoporosis occurred in the study population is premenopausal idiopathic osteoporosis. There is no significant association between the onset of pre-menopausal idiopathic osteoporosis and Ca, P, 25 ( OH) D, and PTH. The high turnover of bone metabolism may be the main mechanism of pathogenesis, and the hereditary factor may be the main cause of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Compared with general fractures, thoracolumbar fractures in the elderly have different pathological changes and are often accompanied by other systemic diseases. Percutaneous vertebroplasty and percutaneous kyphoplasty are the most commonly used surgical methods. The choice of different surgical methods is related to the incidence of re-fracture after operation. How to choose an effective internal fixation system and surgical methods is very important to reduce the failure of surgical treatment of thoracolumbar fractures in the elderly. OBJECTIVE: To study and compare the finite element mechanics of lumbar vertebral compression fracture by establishing 3D vertebral digital model and thoracolumbar compression fracture model. METHODS: A 56-year-old male patient with low back pain（later diagnosed as lumbar muscle strain） had no abnormal vertebral shape and a 54-year-old male patient with thoracolumbar vertebral compression fracture induced by osteoporosis were selected in this study. The two patients signed informed consent. This study was approved by the Hospital Ethics Committee. CT data of T12-L1 segments were obtained. Based on CT data of volunteers with low back pain, a three-dimensional digital model of vertebral body was established by using Mimics 10.0 software. Three-dimensional finite element analysis software Ansys 12.0 was used to establish the three-dimensional solid model of the vertebral body. L1 of vertebral compression fracture in finite element model of normal vertebral body was simulated with reference to fracture patient data. On this basis, the procedures of percutaneous vertebroplasty and percutaneous kyphoplasty were simulated to record Von Mises stresses and the deformation of different parts of the model under different loads. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:（1） Compared with the results of in vitro biomechanical test, the experimental results of this model were basically consistent with those of in vitro（P > 0.05）.（2） Under vertical and forward bending, backward extension, lateral bending and right-handed loads, the deformations of T12 and L1 were significantly smaller in percutaneous kyphoplasty models than those of preoperative compressive fracture models and percutaneous vertebroplasty treatment models（P < 0.05）. There was no significant difference in the spinal deformations of T12-L1 under various loads between percutaneous vertebroplasty models and preoperative models（P > 0.05）.（3） The maximum stress of T12 and L1 was significantly lower in percutaneous kyphoplasty models than in preoperative models and percutaneous vertebroplasty models under vertical and forward bending, backward extension, lateral bending and right-handed loads（P < 0.05）. There was no significant difference in the maximum stress of T12 and L1 between percutaneous vertebroplasty models and preoperative models under various loads（P > 0.05）.（4） The deformation and stress of T12 and L1 segments of percutaneous kyphoplasty models were significantly less than those of preoperative compressive fracture models and percutaneous vertebroplasty models under vertical and forward bending, backward extension, lateral bending and right-handed loads. These suggest that percutaneous kyphoplasty can significantly increase the thoracolumbar stiffness of the spine, while percutaneous vertebroplasty has no significant effect on the thoracolumbar stiffness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To establish a non-venous bypass orthotopic liver transplantation model in Bama miniature pigs with high repeatability and stability. Methods Twelve Bama miniature pigs were randomly divided into the donor group (n=6) and recipient group (n=6). Pigs underwent non-venous bypass orthotopic liver transplantation. The time of anhepatic phase during operation was shortened, blood pressure during anhepatic phase was stably maintained, and management of anesthesia and body fluid during operation were strengthened. The operation time, anhepatic phase and survival status of the recipients were observed and recorded. The intraoperative heart rate, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and changes in arterial blood gas analysis were monitored. The perioperative liver function was evaluated. Results Among 6 Bama miniature pigs, 1 died from transplantation failure intraoperatively. The operation time of the remaining 5 pigs was (247±27) min and the time of anhepatic phase was (46±4) min. Three animals survived for more than 2 weeks. Compared with the preanhepatic phase, the heart rate of the animals was significantly faster, MAP was considerably reduced to (46±6) mmHg, blood pH value, base excess (BE) and HCO3 - level were all significantly decreased and serum level of K+ was significantly elevated during the anhepatic phase (all P<0.05). In the neohepatic phase, MAP of Bama miniature pigs was significantly increased, heart rate was dramatically slower.Blood pH value, BE, HCO3 - level were significantly increased and serum level of K+ was significantly declined (all P<0.05). During abdominal closure, MAP, blood gas indexes and serum level of K+ were almost recovered to those in the preanhepatic phase. Compared with preoperative levels, the levels of alanine aminotransferase（ALT）, aspartate aminotransferase（AST）, lactate dehydrogenase（LDH）and alkaline phosphatase（ALP）were significantly increased after operation (all P<0.05), the change in AST was the most obvious, and it gradually decreased at postoperative 2 d. The level of γ-gutamyl transferase （GGT） did not significantly elevated. The level of total bilirubin (TB) was evidently elevated at postoperative 5 d. Compared with the preoperative levels, the levels of total protein (TP) and albumin (ALB) were significantly decreased after operation (both P<0.05), and began to gradually increase at postoperative 1 d. Conclusions The non-venous bypass orthotopic liver transplantation model of Bama miniature pig is convenient, with highly reproducible and survival rate, which can be utilized as a standardized liver transplantation model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of early percutaneous tracheotomy in the treatment of primary brain stemhemorrhage. Methods: From August 2012 to June 2015, 125 cases of patients with primary brain stem hemorrhage admitted in the ICU of our hospital and underwent tracheotomy of temporal were selected and randomly divided into the early tracheal incision (within 5 days after onset) as the observation group and 5 days after onset underwent tracheotomy as control group, the clinical sata were compared between two groups. Results: The tracheal incision time of observation group was (2.6± 0.8) d, the number of hypoxemia was (20.6± 5.5), the sedative drug dosage was 13.28± 23.4 mg, the use of antibiotics time was (11.2± 0.9 d), the duration of mechanical ventilation was (153.5 + 8.24) h, the incidence rate of HAP was 44.6%, fatality rate was 23.1%, which were significantly better than those of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusions: Early tracheotomy was helpful to reduce the mortality of primary brain stemhemorrhage, and it was worthy of clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]