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Аутоантителообразование, как физиологический механизм регуляции гомеостаза, при чрезмерной выраженности приводит к патологическим процессам. Аутоантитела появляются при повышении концентрации аутоантигенов, что происходит в результате разрушения опухоли и метастазирования. Известно развитие аутосенсибилизации при хронических воспалительных и опухолевых процессах. Представляло интерес выяснение влияния противовоспалительных цитокинов на процесс аутоантителообразования при злокачественных новообразованиях. Цель работы – выявить взаимосвязь аутоантителообразования и концентраций противовоспалительных цитокинов у людей, страдающих злокачественными новообразованиями. Материалы и методы. Проанализированы данные иммунологического обследования 210 чел. со злокачественными новообразованиями, обратившихся в медицинскую компанию «Биокор» (г. Архангельск). В сыворотке периферической венозной крови изучались содержание антител к фосфолипидам (IgM, IgG), тиреопероксидазе (анти-ТПО), стрептолизину-О (антистрептолизин-О), двухцепочечной ДНК (анти-dsDNA), рибонуклеопротеиду (анти-RNP), а также концентрации интерлейкинов (IL) 1β, 4, 6, 10, 13 и фактора некроза опухоли (TNF-α). Результаты. Установлена высокая частота регистрации в крови онкологических больных повышенных концентраций анти-dsDNA, анти-RNP и антистрептолизина-О (51,72; 40,48 и 34,78 % соответственно). Наиболее часто регистрировались повышенные концентрации анти-dsDNA, среднее содержание данных аутоантител также являлось наибольшим. Частота повышенных концентраций антифосфолипидов составила: IgM – 11,11 %, IgG – 18,42 %. Концентрация анти-ТПО имела повышенные значения в 14,29 % случаев. Повышенное содержание IL-10, IL-1β и IL-4 отмечалось в 86,90; 23,81 и 10,81 % случаев соответственно, IL-6 и IL-13 – в 5,71 и 3,85 % случаев соответственно. Средние концентрации исследуемых цитокинов соответствовали физиологическим пределам, кроме концентраций IL-10 и TNF-α, которые были увеличены. Повышенные уровни аутоантител ассоциировались с увеличением содержания в крови TNF-α и IL-10. Таким образом, аномально высокая концентрация в крови IL-10, снижающего рецепторную активность клетки, может опосредованно способствовать уменьшению активности утилизации и клиренса аутоантигенов и пролонгировать аутосенсибилизацию.

Введение. К настоящему времени свыше 270 миллионов человек переболели COVID-19, более 2 миллионов умерло. По сей день ежедневно в мире регистрируются десятки тысяч новых случаев заболевания, поэтому оценка методов диагностики SARS-CoV-2 ассоциированной патологии остается высоко актуальной. Цель исследования: оценить вариабельность клинических и лабораторных показателей у пациентов с инфекцией SARS-CoV-2 в зависимости от результатов серологической диагностики. Материал и методы. 170 пациентов (88 женщин, 82 мужчины в возрасте от 23 до 90 лет) с диагнозом «Вирусная инфекция SARS-CoV-2. Внебольничная интерстициальная пневмония» были обследованы в соответствии с протоколом, у 80 из них определили содержание в крови ИЛ-1β, ИЛ-6, ИЛ-18, CXCL8, и интерферона-α. Результаты. Установлено, что только в 34,09% отрицательный результат ПЦР на наличие генетического материал вирусов SARS-CoV-2 у пациентов с диагнозом внебольничная интерстициальная пневмония совпадал с негативным результатом определения IgG и/или IgM к вирусному антигену. Положительный результат ПЦР подтверждался наличием повышенного уровня антител в 64,29% случаев. У ПЦР позитивных пациентов достоверно чаще, чем у ПЦР негативных определялась дыхательная недостаточность 2-3 степени (в 40,28% и 16,32% случаев соответственно, p

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The aim of the study was to evaluate the expression of scavenger receptors (CD163, CD204, CD206) on macrophages in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, depending on the clinical form of the disease and sensitivity of the pathogen to anti-tuberculosis drugs.Materials and methods. 64 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) were examined: 26 patients with disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis (DTB) and 38 patients with infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis (ITB). Of these, 42 patients secreted Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) sensitive to basic antituberculosis drugs (ATBD), and 22 patients secreted MBT resistant to first-line anti-TB drugs. Material for the study was venous blood. To isolate monocytes from the whole blood in order to transform them into macrophages, Ficoll density gradient centrifugation with a density of 1.077 g / cm3 was used followed by immunomagnetic separation of CD14+ cells. Monocytes were cultured in the X-VIVO 10 medium with gentamicin and phenol red with the addition of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) (5 ng / ml) at a concentration of 1×106 cells / ml with stimulators: interleukin (IL)-4 (10 ng / ml) and interferon (IFN) γ (100 ng / ml). Immunophenotyping of macrophages was performed using monoclonal antibodies to CD163, CD204, and CD206 on the Beckman Coulter CytoFLEX LX Flow Cytometer. The analysis of the obtained data was carried out using the CytExpert 2.0 software. The results were analyzed using statistical methods.Results. Switching the phenotype of macrophages from the M1-like proinflammatory phenotype to M2-like antiinflammatory one contributes to the chronic course of pulmonary TB, dissemination, and persistence of infection. In the present study, we analyzed the features of the expression of CD163, CD204, and CD206 scavenger receptors on macrophages in patients with pulmonary TB. An increase in the number of macrophages carrying markers of the M2 subpopulation (CD163, CD204, and CD206) on their surface was noted, regardless of the clinical form of pulmonary TB and drug resistance of M. tuberculosis.Conclusion. Studying the mechanisms underlying M1 or M2 activation of macrophages is necessary for a deeper understanding of the immunopathogenesis of TB and the role of innate immunity cells in protecting the body from mycobacteria. The analysis of the expression of scavenger receptors CD163, CD204, and CD206 on macrophages allowed to conclude that, in pulmonary TB, especially in patients with drug resistant M. tuberculosis and infiltrative TB, regulatory mechanisms that suppress the activation of innate immunity are implemented together with polarization of macrophage differentiation towards the M2 phenotype. It may be the cause of immune deficiency induced by the pathogen.

The aim of this study was to identify features of the expression of pro-inflammatory and co-stimulatory molecules on the surface of macrophages in vitro in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, depending on the clinical form of the disease and sensitivity of the pathogen to anti-TB drugs.Materials and methods. 40 patients (36 men and 4 women) with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) were examined: 18 patients (16 men and 2 women, average age (44.56 ± 8.10) years) with disseminated tuberculosis (DTB) and 22 patients (20 men and 2 women, average age (46.54 ± 5.24) years) with infiltrative tuberculosis (ITB). Of those, 30 patients secreted Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) sensitive to the basic anti-TB drugs (ATBD), and 10 patients secreted MBT resistant to first-line anti-TB drugs. Venous blood was the study material. To isolate monocytes from the whole blood in order to transform them into macrophages, ficoll density gradient centrifugation with gradient density of 1.077 g/cm3 was used followed by immunomagnetic separation of CD14+ cells. Monocytes were cultured in a complete culture medium X-VIVO 10 with gentamicin and phenol red with the addition of the macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) (5 ng/ml) at a concentration of 1×106 cells/ml with the following stimulators: interleukin (IL) 4 (10 ng/ml) and interferon (IFN) γ (100 ng/ml). Immunophenotyping of macrophages was performed using monoclonal antibodies to CD80, CD86, and HLA-DR on a Beckman Coulter CytoFLEX LX flow cytometer (Beckman Coulter, USA). The analysis of the obtained data was carried out using the CytExpert 2.0 software application. The results were analyzed using statistical methods.Results. The number of intact and cytokine-stimulated (IL-4 and IFNγ) CD80-positive macrophages in patients with ITB and drug-resistant TB (DR TB) exceeded their number not only in healthy donors, but also in patients with DTB and drug-sensitive TB (DS TB), respectively. In addition, an increase in CD86 expression on the surface of macrophages was registered in patients with ITB and DR TB after adding IFNγ (M1-activation inducer) to the suspension culture. In contrast, in patients with DTB and DS TB, the number of macrophages with expression of B7 family co-stimulating molecules decreased or remained within the normal values in the absence of a reaction to cytokines during cytokine induction. Deficiency of HLA-DR-positive macrophages was found in all TB patients. The minimal number of macrophages expressing HLA-DR was found in patients with DTB and DS TB after cell incubation with IL-4 (M2-activation inducer).Conclusion. Evaluation of the expression of B7 (CD80/86) and HLA-DR membrane molecules on macrophages in TB patients allows to conclude that anti-TB immune response is impaired at stages of antigen presentation (in all examined patients with TB) and co-stimulation (in DTB and DS TB). An increase in the expression of macrophage surface molecules CD80 (with M1- and M2-stimulation) and CD86 (with M1-stimulation) in patients with ITB and DR TB indicates an increase in cell reactivity in these forms of TB. In addition, deficit of expression of HLA-DR (a key marker of pro-inflammatory cell activation) on the surface of macrophages in TB can be considered as a general (independent of the clinical form of the disease and drug sensitivity of the pathogen) pathogenetic factor of immune imbalance in pulmonary tuberculosis.

The review provides information on neutrophils, which are important effector cells of the innate immune response and form the first line of defence against infection. Issues of maturation and functional activity of cells are highlighted. The stages of the vital activity of neutrophils are shown - migration, chemotaxis, adhesion, oxygen explosion, absorption, degranulation, apoptosis. Special attention is paid to neutrophilic extracellular traps and the importance of myeloperoxidase. Today, these cells are increasingly viewed as a potential biomarker with specific treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The review presents literature data on the formation of the immune response to tuberculosis, features of the cellular and humoral link depending on detection of drug susceptible and drug resistant strains of M. tuberculosis. It describes the role of cytokines and genetic factors in disorders of immune reactions affecting pathomorphosis and clinical manifestations of tuberculosis.

Host genetic factors influencing the intracellular part of HIV live cycle and regulating of HIV-specific immune response are reviewed. Its include genes coding proteins which support viral replication and assembly of new virions, genes coding antiviral defense proteins, HLA genes and some others. Variants of these genes and its compositions affect individual succeptibility/resistance to HIV infection, influence the pathogenesis of the disease and also associate with efficacy of antiretroviral therapy.

This literature review is devoted to the analysis of the role of macrophages in the immunopathogenesis of infectious lung diseases of bacterial etiology. The article summarizes information about the origin of macrophages, their phenotypic and functional heterogeneity. The mechanisms of impaired protective function of innate immunity are associated with the polarization of the program of maturation and activation of macrophages in the direction to tolerogenic or immunoregulatory cells with phenotype of M2. Alveolar macrophages perform a variety of functions (from pro-inflammatory to regenerative) in the development of inflammation in the respiratory organs. Their inherent plasticity suggests that the same macrophages can change their phenotype and function depending on the microenvironment in the inflammatory focus at different stages of the disease. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate macrophage plasticity will be an important step towards realizing the potential of personalized immunomodulatory therapy.

Cancer is still the leading cause of death in developed countries. Oncolytic virus (OV) therapy is a promising new strategy for tumor growth inhibition. Despite the fact that the oncolytic function of some viruses was discovered in the last century, it has not been properly applied and recognized. The viruses of the Paramyxoviridae family, particularly Newcastle disease virus (NDV), are powerful oncolytic and immunostimulating agents non-pathogenic in humans. NDV is characterized by a selective infection and spread of the virus in tumor cells, direct cytopathic effect, and indirect induction of the innate and adaptive immune system of the host. However, intratumoral administration of OVs is not always possible and results in only local effect. There is an assumption that immune system cells can be used as possible carriers of OVs to provide temporary protection against immune system factors of the body. Dendritic cells (DCs) were the most effective cellular carriers among numerous types of immune cells evaluated in studies of the OV effect. In conclusion, the authors suggest that the use of OVs as an adjuvant for tumor antigens in the development and improvement of DC vaccine optimizes the development of antitumor immune response, STAT - signal transducer and activator of transcription.

The success of immunotherapy for ovarian cancer is determined by the effectiveness of the patient's immune response, as well as the qualitative and quantitative representation of antigens of the main histocompatibility complex in tumor cells and microenvironment. The level of the HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigens) genes expression in tumor tissue does not always correctly reflect the expression of these genes in different populations of tumor cells. Aim. To analyze the frequency and range of somatic deletions and duplications in the HLA locus. Methods. LOH-analysis (Loss of Heterozyhosity) of the STR-markers (Short Tandem Repeats) in the ovarian tumors of affected patients. Results. We have shown that complex somatic genomic reorganizations, involving several HLA loci, are quite common in ovarian tumors. The detected genetic alterations vary by both the type (deletions and mutations in STR alleles) and proportion of the sub-population of cells with the alterations. Conclusion. The results obtained allow us to propose the LOH-analysis for highly effective detection of aneuploidy and different types of somatic genomic reorganizations in the HLA region even in minor cell populations. This analysis provides the additional prognostic information for predicting the effectiveness of different types of ovarian cancer immunotherapy at the individual level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Эффективность иммунного ответа на вакцину зависит от активации антиген-презентирующих клеток и антиген-специфических T- и B-лимфоцитов, индукции клеток памяти, регуляторных клеток и секретирующих антитела плазматических клеток, а также от длительности пребывания антигена в организме. Сила иммунного ответа главным образом зависит от генов, задействованных в этом процессе. Настоящая работа была посвящена изучению полиморфизма генов, который у части людей может быть причиной неудовлетворительного иммунного ответа на молекулярную микрокапсулированную чумную вакцину (ММЧВ). После двух последовательных вакцинаций среди 9 добровольцев у 67 % зафиксированы титры специфических антител не меньше порогового уровня. Однако у 33 % добровольцев не найдено специфических антител ни к V, ни к F1 (Caf1) антигену по истечении 90 суток после последней вакцинации. Мы исследовали 20 одиночных нуклеотидных полиморфизмов (ОНП) для 14 генов, ответственных за иммунный ответ, с целью найти связь между конкретным аллелем и способностью формировать антитела к антигенам ММЧВ. Гомозиготность гена IL1β по варианту дикого типа C-3953, либо гомозиготность по мутантному аллелю T-3953 делали возможной продукцию анти-F1 IgG, в то время как гетерозиготы оставались серонегативными. Гетерозиготы по гену TLR9 в положении 2848 (A2848G) также реагировали на F1. Среди реагировавших на антиген V (LcrV), продукция IgG наблюдалась лишь у носителей мутантного аллеля IL4 C-589T, у носителей мутантного аллеля C-174G гена IL6, как гомо- так и гетерозиготных, и не наблюдалась у гомозигот по дикому типу аллеля. Отсутствие мутантного аллеля C-819T гена IL10 также было связано с нереагирующим фенотипом. Наши результаты позволяют предположить, что потенциально нереагирующие на ММЧВ могут быть опознаны по ОНП в генах IL1β (С-3953 Т), IL4 (C-589T), IL6 (С-174G), IL10 (C-819T) и TLR9 (A2848G). Индивидов с нереагирующим генотипом следует включить в программу клинических испытаний новых универсально эффективных чумных вакцин.

After experimental inoculation of broiler chickens with subtype A avian metapneumovirus isolate, mild clinical signs were observed on days 6-14 after inoculation. The infected chickens demonstrated slight increase of T-helpers activity in blood, poor specific antibody response, development of specific secretory antibodies. Subtype B avian metapneumovirus isolate caused a somewhat more obvious specific clinical signs in chickens compared with subtype A on days 5-15 after inoculation, however, in both experiments, clinical signs completely disappeared in 14-15 days after infection. The increase of relative number of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in blood and in spleen, specific antibody response in 50-70% of chickens and activation of local immune response in 50% of chickens were observed in inoculated chickens.

In recent years, a lot of attention has been paid to studying the level of cytokines in various infectious pathologies, since this scientific direction is rightly promising and justified. The article presents literature data on the significance of the cytokine link in the immune response and the results of our own observations of 108 patients aged 3 to 17 years with enteroviral meningitis. In addition to the standard diagnostic plan, all patients underwent immunological examination of blood serum in the acute phase of the disease in order to assess the level of cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1, IL-4, IL-8). The analysis of the obtained data made it possible to establish correlations of different levels between the values of cytokines and other parameters.

Copyright of Zdorov'ye Rebenka is the property of Zaslavsky O.Yu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The results of direct open-label study of efficacy and portability of combination therapy with topical betamethasone dipropionate and mupirocin are presented. Material and methods. Twenty two patients with pyoderma complicated eczema were treated with ointment for external use (betamethasone dipropionate and mupirocin) 2 times a day for 14 days. Clinical efficacy was assessed by the reliability decrease of index EASI and dermatological symptoms scale index (DSSI). Results. Clinical convalescense was achieved in all patients by the 14th day of therapy. There was a statistically significant decrease in the indices EASI, DSSI. Portability were well. Conclusion. Our study results showed clinical efficacy and portability of topical combination therapy of betamethasone dipropionate and mupirocin in patients with pyoderma complicated eczema.

The article provides an overview of scientific research to explain the mechanisms of inefficient implementation of antigen-specific immune response in patients with tuberculosis infection depending on the clinical form (infiltrative and disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis) and the course (drug-sensitive and drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis) of the disease. The mechanisms of immune imbalance in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis are associated with abnormal co-stimulation of a signal required for the activation of T-lymphocytes and immunosuppressive influence of regulatory T-cells both when they interact with dendritic cells at the inductive stage of the immune response, and in the process of differentiation and proliferation of effector cells with formation of suppressive mode of immune-regulation.

Studied the prognostic significance of factors such as the parameters of immune responses available evaluation underlight microscopy , without costly immunohistochemical and molecular genetic methods . Identified three characteristics that predicted the outcome of ovarian cancer - the average number of lymphocytes in the field of viewof the microscope x200 on the border of the tumor / metastasis , presence or absence of the same continuity and plasmacytoid lymphocytic shaft . Developed a regression equation to predict the course of ovarian cancer , which should contribute to improved health outcomes.

A literature review presents date obtained during the last years about the strategy of production and protective characteristics of different experimental vaccines against opportunistic and particularly dangerous deep mycoses. The role of T-lymphocytes of Th1 and Th17 types, interactions of CD4+T - and CD8+T-cells in the immune response and maintenance of immunologic memory after immunization with vaccines against mycoses are discussed.

The results of the experimental study of immune response of human skin malignant melanoma cells Mel 226 on photodynamic exposure are represented in the article. Photoinduced apoptosis of skin malignant melanoma was studied in vitro. The study showed that irradiation with the agent fotoditazin at dose of 0.5–2.5 µg/ml (6 and 10 min exposure 30 min before irradiation; irradiation parameters: wavelength of 662 nm, total light dose from 40 to 60 J/cm2) induced early apoptosis. The increase of the time of laser irradiation significantly accelerates the conversion of photosensitized tumor cells from early to late apoptosis.

Acute kidney injury (AKI), being a frequent condition in patients at ICU, is associated with both significant treatment time and high mortality. However, renal replacement therapy alone is not able to improve the results of treatment of AKI. The present review highlights a number of rarely discussed issues relating to violations of the electrolyte balance and the immune system, nutritional support features, pathophysiology of abdominal compartment-syndrome and Doppler capabilities in the context of an integrated approach to AKI treatment.

Genetic factors not only contribute to the development of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), but also can affect the nature of the pathological process. The study included 30 patients with CLL with indolent and progressive course of the disease. The patients were tested on prevalence of genetic polymorphisms in the genes of the innate immune response. Nineteen polymorphic loci in 14 genes were tested. It was found that with indolent course of CLL, mutant alleles of genes of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) (G-308A), Toll-like receptor (tolllike receptor - TLR) TLR9 (T-1237C) and TLR2 (Arg753Gln) (OR: 4.70, p = 0.05 and OR: 8.33, p = 0.03 and OR: 5.50, p = 0.05, respectively) statistically, were encountered much more frequently . In contrast, combination of normal homozygotes of these genes greatly increased the risk of progressive form of the disease. Presence of TNF gene polymorphism in the polymorphic locus -308, TLR2-753, TLR9-1237 can be associated with the nature of the clinical course of CLL to encourage use these markers as early additional diagnostic and prognostic criteria for unfavorable form of leukemic process in order to optimize chemotherapy.

Copyright of News of Kazakhstan Science / Novosti nauki Kazahstana is the property of NCSTE (JSC National Center for State Scientific and Technical Evaluations) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The review presents an analysis of the current state of development of the problem of the brain neurogenic stem and progenitor cells (NSC/NPC) immunobiological properties. In section II the data on immune responses in vitro in cocultivation of NSC/NPC and immune system cells, as well as features of the development of immune responses in vivo after NSC/NPC transplantation are given. The transformation of the notions of the immune response in CNS during NSC/NPC transplantation is considered: from the concept of “absolute immuno-privilege” of the brain to the concept of “functional” or “therapeutic plasticity”, which takes into account various aspects and mechanisms of interaction of cells of the immune system and NSC/NPC. The data on the immune response upon the transplantation of allo- and xenogeneic NSC/NPC and its dependence on the immune status of recipients are summarized. The relevance of studies of the immunobiological properties of neurogenic cells of the fetal brain that facilitate the discovery of mechanisms of action of NSC/NPC and an assessment of the possibility of their practical application for cell therapy of CNS lesions is emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zdorov'ye Rebenka is the property of Zaslavsky O.Yu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zdorov'ye Rebenka is the property of Zaslavsky O.Yu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the work was the study of connection of allelic polymorphism of IL10 and TGFВgenes with changes in the basal and BCG-induced production of immunosuppressive cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β by mononuclear leukocytes in vitro in patients with the first diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), depending on the clinical form of the disease. The evaluation of the cytokines production was conducted by measuring its concentration in culture supernatants by ELISA. The allele-specific amplification of specific stretches of the genome was used for the study of polymorphic genes of cytokines. The DNA and supernatants of culture suspensions of blood mononuclear leucocytes in healthy volunteers and patients with TB were the material of the research. It was shown in the research conducted that the basal and BCG-induced over-production of IL-10 in vitro occurs in patients with TB, regardless of the genotype of the locus of C-592AIL10 gene. In addition, genotype AA of polymorphism of IL10gene in patients with infiltrative and disseminated TB is associated with the maximum production of IL-10 in vitroand genotype CC – with the minimum production of this cytokine in vitro. Analysis of the production of TGF-β in vitro in patients with TB showed its increase only in case of carriage of allele T (C-509T) of TGFB gene. In patients with disseminated TB and homosygotic genotype TT the increase in both basal and BCG-induced production of TGF-β was determined, and in patients with infiltrative TB – only after induction of cells by BCG-antigen.Thus, the over-production of cytokines with inhibiting activity in patients with TB is genetically determined and promotes the formation of suppressive mode of immune-regulation. The increase in the secretion of cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β in vitro in patients with TB are associated with carriage of allele A and genotype AA (C-592A) of IL10gene and allele T and genotype TT (C-509T) of TGFB gene.

Today the questions about possibility of development disturbances in the immune system of the fetus and the newborn in chronic toxoplasmosis are poorly understood. Aim of research: to detect immunological disturbances in the offspring of rats which have been administered antigens T. gondii.Two series of experiments was performed. In these experiments white female Wistar rats in the III trimester of pregnancy have been administered corpuscular antigen T. gondii. The 60 days-old offspring of these rats have been included in study group of 137 animals. CD3+ cells count was performed in peripherical blood and standard suspension of splenocytesrats offspring. Peripherical blood cells count was performed in the blood of the rats offspring. In the second experiment rats offspring have been administered sheep erythrocytes in 5 days, before euthanasia. In spleen of this rats antigen-produced cells was counted.In control group was included 118 animals, which was born from white female Wistar rats have been administered 0,9% NaCl solution. CD3+ cells was detected in Cytomics FC500 flow cytometry analyzer (Beckman Coulter,USA) by use rats origne-specifed monoclonal antibodies Anti-Rat CD3-FITC (Beckman Coulter,USA). Hematological parameters was assessed by use hematological analyzer Excell-22 (USA).We observed, that CD3+ lymphocytes and antigen-produced cells was decreased in test group (degress of decrease CD3+ cells was 17,2%; р = 0,003 in spleen vs. control group, degress of decrease antigen-produced cells was 27,3%; р = 0,03 vs. control group). Number of leukocytes was increased in in test group (34,5%; р = 0,009 vs. control group). Power and strength correlation pleiades between studied blood and spenal markers were higher in in test group vs. control group (∑Gi = 16; ∑Di = 4,38 vs. ∑Gi = 13; ∑Di = 2,28). This phenomenon is probably due to the development adaptive reactions disruption in the immune system and development secondary immunodeficiency states in the offspring of rats.Violations of immunoreactivity, as well as disruption the possibility of operational restructuring of the immune system and choosing the best immune response in the offspring of rats whose perinatal development take place under the effect of antigens T. gondii, persists for a long time – within 60 days of postnatal life.

The peripheral blood count of γδТ cells was investigated in patients with new-onset pulmonary tuberculosis depending on the clinical form of the disease, on Mycobacterium tuberculosis susceptibility to antituberculosis drugs, and on the response to intradermal tuberculin administration (Mantoux test). The count of γδТ cells was shown to decrease in all clinical forms of tuberculosis infection; however, the most significant increase in their count was noted in disseminated and fibrocavernous pulmonary tuberculosis, as well as in the presence of multidrug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (in infiltrative and fibrocavernous forms of the disease) and a negative response to the Mantoux test in patients with infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis. The demonstrated decrease in the count of circulating γδТ cells in the blood of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis promotes a reduction in the protective immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Copyright of Zdorov'ye Rebenka is the property of Zaslavsky O.Yu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zdorov'ye Rebenka is the property of Zaslavsky O.Yu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zdorov'ye Rebenka is the property of Zaslavsky O.Yu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Fifty five Khakas people with Helicobacter pylori-associated ulcer disease and chronic gastritis were examined in order to estimate the production of IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 interleukins in patients with chronic Helicobacter pylori persistence. The subpopulation composition of lymphocytes of peripheral blood was determined by the method of flow-through cytofluorometry. Apoptosis was estimated by the method of optical microscopy. The IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 production in supernatants was determined by the solidphase immunoenzymometric method. Changes revealed in the blood of patients infected with Helicobacter pylori were characterized by the increased amount and subpopulation disbalance of lymphocytes, apoptosis modification, and depletion of lymphocyte functional activity.

Until recent time it has seemed obvious that suppressive function in the immune system is provided by one subpopulation of Tlymphocytes-suppressors. At present it is usually considered that regulatory cells (T-reg) are key cells-suppressors of the immune response. There exist two main mechanisms of T-reg immunosuppression realization: direct (when there is direct contact between cells) and distant (cytokine-dependent). For suppression of the immune response Т-reg cells produce cytokines with suppression activity: TGF-β, IL-10, IFN-γ, IL-35. Meanwhile the increasing number of facts indicates that suppression of the immune response is a multi-component process. A considerable role in suppression of the immune response is assigned to the endocrine system. However, immunosuppression mechanisms under infection, neoplastic processes and the influence of xenobiotics on the organism are not completely clear.

Atopic dermatitis — is a chronic disease, with immune mechanisms leading to high level of immunoglobulin Е and abnormal skin reactivity. The current review is presenting the experimental and clinical study results regarding to Т-regulatory cells participation in atopic dermatitis immune response.

In this review we discuss the mechanisms of human immune response modification by helminth in bronchial asthma. Helminth invasion causes increase of level to regulatory T-cells and to suppression of an allergic inflammation in bronchial asthma. Antihelminth therapy leads to decrease of level Treg cells. Deficiency or dysfunction of Treg cells can be a cause of allergic diseases.

The level of intracellular apoptosis regulators (cell death antagonists (Bcl-2) and agonists (CPP-32)), proliferation antigen Ki67 in lymphocytes of biopsy materials of the mucous coat of stomach at Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric ulcer and chronic gastritis in Khakassian aboriginal population and newcomers have been studied. The lymphocyte apoptosis in peripheral blood in aboriginal population was assessed. Changes in immunological indices were revealed in patients infected with Helicobacter pylori compared to healthy donors and newcomers. These changes were characterized by the more intense apoptotic lymphocyte death compared to the number of such cells in patients with chronic gastritis and in the control group. The role of apoptosis disfunctions in the regulation of local and system immunity at Helicobacter pylori infection is discussed.

The article presents up-to-date literature data on the role of γδТ-cells and different NK-cells subpopulations in the immune response. Their origin, immunophenotypes, range of secreted cytokines as well as effector functions and factors having stimulating and inhibitory effect on γδТ- and NK-cells are described. Mechanisms of antibacterial action of this type of cells are analyzed.

To investigate the molecular mechanisms of human immune response modification by Opisthorchis felineus antigens in bronchial asthma. The experimental study was performed with cell cultures from patients with bronchial asthma, patients with opisthorchiasis, and patients with BA and opisthorchiasis co-occurred. A proposed down-regulation of immune response by higher level of IL10 and TGFB genes expression in patients with opisthorchiasis was revealed.

In the article is consider reasons of the second immunodeficiency, attendants flow the infectious diseases of viral kind. It is established, that molecular machinery make conditional viral-induce immunosuppression, in those number role in her forming CD4+ CD25+ T-lymphocytes, witch known as regulatory T-cells or T-reg, able expressed Foxp3 factor control transcription genes responsible for differentiation T-cells and secretion cytokins, participated in the suppression of immunity response.

In present review the connection of the reactogenity of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) vaccines not only with high content of the alien proteins, but also with content of the specific antigen for TBE virus was shown. By the example of vaccine «Encepur Adult» (Germany), containing neither polygeline and human serum albumin, feebly marked postvaccinal reactions was considered as positive fact, essentially influencing on the activity of the specific immune response.

Experiments that were run on male mice of CBA line, immunized by sheep erythrocytes in dose 5 × 108 showed that 5-НТ1А selective agonist of serotonin receptors 8-OH-DPAT (1 mg/kg) causes suppression of immune response among aggressive animals and mice without experience of victories and defeats (control). Introduction of 8-OH-DPAT did not change the reaction of mice with submissive conduct type. Application of 5-НТ1А selective antagonist of WAY100635 receptors (1 mg/kg) caused stimulation of immune response only among submissive mice and animals without experience of victories and defeats. Blockade effect of 5-НТ2А receptors of their selective blocker ketanserin (1 mg/kg) does not depend on the form of animal conduct. The conclusion is made that changing 5-НТ1А and 5-НТ2А receptor activity leads to different effect on immune response among mice of CBA line depending on initial psychoemotional condition of animals that among aggressive and submissive ones is conditioned by different activity of neurotransmitter system, 5-НТ group in particular.