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Introduction. Zingiber officinalis est un alicament couramment utilisé seule ou en association avec d'autres plantes pour traiter diverses affections inflammatoires telle que les œdèmes. La présente vise à rechercher l’effet de synergie entre l’extrait aqueux des feuilles de Laurus nobilis et l'extrait aqueux des rhizomes de Z. officinalis dans une perspective de traitement efficient de l’œdème. Matériel et Méthodes. Trois types d'extraits aqueux (L. nobilus, Z. officinalis et L. nobilus + Z. officinalis) ont été testés aux concentrations de 250 mg/ml et 500 mg/ml en suivant des methodes standardisées. Le formol à 1 % a été utilisé comme agent phobogène. Résultats et Discussion. Les résultats montrent que l'extrait aqueux de L. nobilis prévient de façon significative l'œdème des pattes des rats à partir de la 120ème et 180ème minutes du test. Les pourcentages d'inhibition enregistré varient de 37,74 % à 53,57 % pour les concentrations testées. La même tendance d'augmentation du pourcentage d'inhibition est observée avec l'extrait de Z. officinalis qui varient respectivement de 37,74% à 47,61 % à la 120ème et 180ème minutes. Par ailleurs, la combinaison (L. nobilus + Z. officinalis) a montré des pourcentages d'inhibition plus élevé et varient de 52,97 % à 54,16 %. L'analyse des données montre que l'extrait de L. nobilis optimise l'activité anti-œdémateuse de l'extrait de Z. officinalis, ce qui confirme son application traditionnelle. Conclusion. Ces travaux montrent qu’un effet synergique se développe lors de l’utilisation combinée des extraits aqueux de L. nobilus + Z. officinalis. Toutefois des travaux plus approfondis méritent d’être effectué pour un meilleur traitement des affections inflammatoires

Postoperative healing after rhinoplasty can have a negative impact on patient quality of life. In our study, we aimed to reduce postoperative edema and ecchymosis by applying a minidrain system. We evaluated this intervention's benefit on postoperative morbidity by observing the patient with left and right sides, intervention side and control side respectively. All surgeries were performed using a piezo device with an open technique septorhinoplasty. We only used a left-sided minidrain system through the osteotomy lines just in front of the piriform aperture for all patients with no other intervention on the right side of the same patient. Use of a drain on the left side was associated with a statistically significant decrease in ecchymosis at postoperative day 7 (P < 0.05). We found that using a minidrain system through internal osteotomy lines was effective in reducing the amount of ecchymosis by day seven after surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy is characterized by a total reversibility of wall motion abnormalities of the left ventricle (LV) as well as normalization of LV ejection fraction after the acute phase. However, recent studies have shown that some patients present functional, metabolic, and morphologic abnormalities away from the acute phase suggesting an incomplete recovery of the disease. In this revue we discuss about this topic through several tools used in those studies (echocardiography, exercise test, MRI, nuclear imaging, biology, as well). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: Two Angus calves housed in the Swiss Alps for two months were presented with brisket edema, jugular distension, and diarrhea. Hematological and biochemical examination included elevated concentration of erythrocytes and increased activity of liver enzymes. Ultrasonography revealed small amount of pleural effusion hepatomegaly and congested caudal vena cava. The diagnosis of congestive heart failure secondary to high-altitude disease was confirmed in pathology.

L'éthmoïdite est une infection qui se développe au niveau des sinus situés dans l'ethmoïde, un os présent au niveau de la jonction entre le crâne et la face, entre les deux orbites. Il s'agit donc d'un type particulier de sinusite, on parle de « sinusite ethmoïdale ». Les autres sinus peuvent être touchés ou non. Cette maladie, qui reste rare, peut apparaître chez l'adulte, mais concerne plus fréquemment les enfants en bas âge, voire les nourrissons. Les causes et symptômes de l'éthmoïdite. Cette infection est provoquée par une contamination bactérienne. Les germes plus souvent incriminés sont : streptococcus pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis. L'éthmoïdite commence comme une rhino-pharyngite qui se prolonge sur plusieurs jours. Elle se traduit par différents signes : le nez qui coule; de la fièvre qui dépasse les 38,5oC or 39oC ; des douleurs autour des orbites ; la formation d'un œdème douloureux dans le coin interne de la paupière supérieure. Ce signe très caractéristique va orienter le diagnostic du médecin. Il peut ensuite s'étendre à l'ensemble de la paupière. Nous rapportons l´observation d´une jeune fille de 20 ans qui présentait un œdème avec érythème palpébral de l´angle interne de l´œil gauche (A). La tomodensitométrie (TDM) faciale objectivait une ethmoïdite et la patiente a été mise sous antibiothérapie avec bonne évolution.

L'œdème aigu hémorragique du nourrisson (OAHN) est caractérisé par la survenue rapide de lésions purpuriques en cocardes, associées à des œdèmes initialement localisés aux extrémités chez l'enfant de moins de 2 ans. Cette affection reste le plus souvent bénigne, sans atteinte viscérale et le diagnostic est clinique, il n'existe pas de signes biologiques spécifiques et l'analyse histologique des lésions (qui est inutile dans la majorité des cas) est le plus souvent sans spécificité (il existe parfois une vascularite leucocytoclasique non spécifique). Sa place nosologique reste incertaine, faisant discuter, pour certains, une forme clinique du purpura rhumatoïde. On retrouve parfois un épisode rhino-pharyngé dans jours précédents faisant discuter une étiologie virale. Il existe une discordance nette entre le bon état général et l'aspect profus et spectaculaires des lésions. La surveillance de ces enfants dans les premiers jours doit être rigoureuse mais les complications sont exceptionnelles (invagination intestinale aigue?). L'évolution se fait spontanément vers la régression en une dizaine de jours. La prise en charge thérapeutique consiste en une surveillance attentive de l'état général de l'enfant. Une fièvre, l'extension des lésions purpuriques et surtout des signes d'altération de l'état général peuvent faire discuter le diagnostic de purpura fulminans. Un autre diagnostic différentiel est l'urticaire aigue hémorragique ou ecchymotique. Nous rapportons l'observation d'un nourrisson de 3 mois qui présente des lésions pseudo-cocardes diffuses dans un contexte d'apyrexie et de conservation de l'état général. L'évolution était favorable sans aucun traitement ce qui a permis de confirmer le diagnostic d'OAHN.

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Résumé Introduction La pseudopolyarthrite rhizomélique (PPR) peut comporter des œdèmes des extrémités réalisant un syndrome RS3PE associé. Nous rapportons l'observation d'une PPR associée à des œdèmes des membres inférieurs (OMI) cortico-sensibles. Observation Une patiente âgée de 85 ans présentait depuis 4 mois des signes de PPR répondant aux critères EULAR/ACR 2012. Il existait des OMI bilatéraux remontant au-dessus des genoux d'aspect légèrement inflammatoire. On notait une hypoalbuminémie modérée (30 g/L). Il n'y avait pas de cause cardiaque, rénale ou hépatique aux OMI. Le TEP scanner montrait un hypermétabolisme périarticulaire des articulations gléno-humérales et coxo-fémorales, sans signe de néoplasie ou d'aortite. Sous traitement par prednisone 10 mg par jour, le poids diminuait de 8 kg en 8 jours et les OMI disparaissaient. Conclusion Ce cas, le premier à rapporter des OMI d'origine inflammatoire dans une PPR, pourrait témoigner d'une augmentation de la perméabilité vasculaire secondaire à une inflammation systémique chez un sujet âgé. Abstract Introduction Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) can be associated with distal swelling indicating an associated RS3PE syndrome. We report a case of PMR associated with oedema of the lower limbs, which resolved rapidly under glucocorticoid therapy. Case report A 85-year-old woman presented with a 4 month history of PMR responding to the 2012 EULAR/ACR classification criteria. Examination of the lower limbs revealed pitting oedema bilaterally up to the knees, with mild erythema and warmth. Hypoalbuminemia (30 g/L) was present. There was no cardiac, renal or hepatic cause to explain leg swelling. FDG-PET/CT demonstrated increased metabolism in the periarticular area of shoulders and hips. There was no sign of aortitis or neoplasia. Under treatment with prednisone 10 mg/day leg swelling disappeared concomitantly to a weight loss of 8 kg within 8 days. Conclusion This case, the first to report leg swelling of inflammatory origin in the context of PMR, could indicate an increased vascular permeability caused by inflammation in the elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: L'œdème est une complication de l'insuffisance veineuse qui peut conduire, sur le long terme, à des atteintes cutanées et fonctionnelles. La prise en charge au long cours repose principalement sur la compression. Malgré des données cliniques peu nombreuses, les recommandations sont en faveur de l'usage de bandages si l'œdème est important, en phase initiale sur un temps court, et de bas, pour le maintien du résultat acquis. Cependant, une adaptation au cas par cas en fonction du patient et de son environnement est obligatoire pour obtenir une adhésion sur un temps long. Superposition de bas, pressothérapie et dispositifs auto-ajustables sont des moyens qui permettent cette adaptation. La compression doit être associée aux mesures de drainage postural, à la kinésithérapie, et à une surveillance clinique rapprochée, surtout si des bandages sont utilisés. Oedema as a complication of venous disorders can lead, over a long period of evolution, to trophic changes and a loss of distal leg mobility if untreated. Compression therapy is the key treatment of lower limb oedema. Despite poor clinical data, it is recommended to use bandages at the initial phase, over a short period of time, in case of severe oedema. Compression stockings are used during the maintenance phase. Nonetheless, this strategy must be adapted from patient to patient in order for the patient to adopt compression for life. Superimposed stockings, air pressotherapy and auto-adjustable compression devices are ways to increase patient adherence. Compression must be associated with postural drainage, physiotherapy. Since compression therapy using bandages can have adverse-events, a rigourous follow-up is mandatory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Papilledema is a fluid and/or axonal swelling of the optic nerve head due to a blockage of axoplasmic flow at the level of the cribriform plate. We report the case of a 17-year old adolescent girl with bilateral papilledema secondary to idiopathic intracranial hypertension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Le terme de gastro-entéropathie exsudative est utilisé pour décrire une entité caractérisée par une perte excessive de protéines plasmatiques dans le tube digestif. Cette exsudation digestive peut être causée soit par un obstacle au drainage lymphatique intestinal, soit par une altération de la barrière épithéliale. Le tableau clinique associe volontiers une diarrhée chronique et un syndrome œdémateux. On peut également observer un lymphœdème, des complications infectieuses secondaires à une lymphopénie ou une hypogammaglobulinémie, et des complications thromboemboliques. Le diagnostic repose sur la mesure de la clairance fécale de l’alpha-1 antitrypsine. Parfois primitive dans le cadre d’une maladie de Waldmann (lymphangiectasies intestinales primitives) mais plus souvent secondaire, elle nécessite la réalisation d’un bilan endoscopique et morphologique qui permet de confirmer l’origine de la fuite protéique, d’en évaluer l’étendue et la cause. Outre le traitement étiologique, la prise en charge repose sur un régime hyperprotidique et hypolipidique avec supplémentation en triglycérides à chaîne moyenne. Protein-losing enteropathy is a rare syndrome of gastrointestinal protein loss. The primary causes can be classified into lymphatic leakage due to increased interstitial pressure and increased leakage of protein-rich fluids due to erosive or non-erosive gastrointestinal disorders. The diagnosis of protein-losing enteropathy should be considered in patients with chronic diarrhea and peripheral oedema. The diagnosis of protein-losing enteropathy is most commonly based on the determination of fecal alpha-1 antitrypsin clearance. Most protein-losing enteropathy cases are the result of either lymphatic obstruction or a variety of gastrointestinal disorders and cardiac diseases, while primary intestinal lymphangiectasia (Waldmann's disease) is less common. Treatment of protein-losing enteropathy targets the underlying disease but also includes dietary modification, such as high-protein and low-fat diet along with medium-chain triglyceride supplementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In oral surgery, procedures are often associated with an inflammatory process including pain, edema and trismus. This can be intense and disabling. This process can be controlled by prescription of anti-inflammatory drugs, such as corticosteroids. Corticosteroids are substances that permit to soften functional, esthetic and painful consequences of surgery. However they can present many sideeffects, especially in long term steroid medication, that limit their use. Recent studies have determined the safety and the effectiveness of corticosteroids in short term use in oral surgical procedures, in particular in some clinical situations such as impacted teeth, multiple extraction, vestibuloplasty, osseous surgery, and other dentoalveolar surgery. These studies have also permitted to better understand their mechanism of action, and to propose a rational protocol for their use in oral surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Introduction La glycogénose hépatique est un syndrome rare qui associe un diabète de type 1, une hépatomégalie, un retard pubertaire et un retard de croissance staturo-pondéral. L’œdème insulinique lui est parfois associé. Observation Une femme de 18 ans avait un diabète de type 1 déséquilibré associé à une hépatomégalie, des œdèmes diffus, une aménorrhée avec une cytolyse hépatique majeure et une hyperlactatémie. L’échographie hépatique et le scanner abdominal montraient une hépatomégalie homogène d’allure stéatosique. La biopsie hépatique objectivait une surcharge massive des hépatocytes en glycogène. Conclusion L’excès d’insuline peut mener à un stockage excessif de glycogène intrahépatique par activation des enzymes de la glycogenèse. Ce syndrome se manifeste biologiquement par une cytolyse/cholestase et une hyperlactatémie. L’utilisation massive d’insuline peut conduire à un état œdémateux généralisé. L’équilibre du diabète et une diminution des apports insuliniques le corrigent. La glycogénose hépatique doit être suspectée devant une hépatomégalie survenant dans un contexte de diabète déséquilibré, et envisagée comme diagnostic différentiel de la stéatose hépatique. Elle peut être associée et révélée par un œdème insulinique directement lié à l’administration excessive d’insuline. Introduction Hepatic glycogenosis is a rare syndrome, which includes poorly controlled diabetes mellitus, hepatomegaly, delayed puberty, and growth delay. Insulin edema is sometimes associated. Case report An 18-year-old woman presented with diffuse edema, hepatomegaly, amenorrhea, uncontrolled diabetes, and elevated transaminases and cholestasis. Hepatic ultrasonography and abdominal computed tomographic scan confirmed the hepatomegaly. The liver biopsy showed a massive glycogenosis and the diagnosis of hepatic glycogenosis was confirmed. Too large doses of insulin were responsible of diffuse edema. Diabetes equilibration and diminution of insulin intakes allow correction of this disorder. Conclusion Excess of insulin can lead to excessive hepatic glycogen storage by activation of glycogenosis enzymes. Biological manifestations consist on elevated liver enzymes and hyperlactatemia. There is a link between administration of high dose of insulin and edema. Hepatic glycogenosis should be suspected when diabetes is uncontrolled and be considered as a differential diagnosis of steatosis. It may be associated and revealed by insulin edema directly related to excessive insulin intakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy is characterized by a total reversibility of wall motion abnormalities of the left ventricle (LV) as well as normalization of LV ejection fraction after the acute phase. However, recent studies have shown that some patients present functional, metabolic, and morphologic abnormalities away from the acute phase suggesting an incomplete recovery of the disease. In this revue we discuss about this topic through several tools used in those studies (echocardiography, exercise test, MRI, nuclear imaging, biology, as well)., Competing Interests: Déclaration de liens d'intérêts Les auteurs de ce manuscrit n'ont pas de conflit d'intérêt à déclarer., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

L'anthrax est une zoonose causée par le Bacillus anthracis. les humains contractent généralement cette maladie dans des régions endémiques, par contact direct avec des animaux infectés ou avec leurs produits contaminés. Les localisations palpébrales sont rares dans la pratique clinique et posent des problèmes de diagnostic différentiel. Les auteurs rapportent l'observation d'un patient admis dans un tableau de cellulite préseptale, avec escarre noirâtre étendue de la paupière supérieure et œdème extensif de l'hémiface, faisant suspecter une localisation palpébrale de la maladie du charbon. L'examen bactériologique a permis de confirmer le diagnostic. Le patient a bénéficié d'une antibiothérapie à base de pénicilline G avec une bonne évolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on research comparing biomechanical outcomes and physiological responses during sit-stand, sitting and standing postures among non-varicosed and varicosed women. Different postures are found to have both biomechanical and physiological advantages and disadvantages. Better lower limb perfusion appears to be linked to smaller vertical distance between heart and foot. Short static posture maintenance seems inadequate to lead to varicose veins in non-varicosed persons.

Résumé La toxicomanie intraveineuse est responsable de nombreuses complications notamment cutanées et infectieuses. Il existe un syndrome rarement observé en rhumatologie se traduisant par des « grosses mains » : le puffy hand syndrome. Nous en rapportons deux cas rencontrés en consultation de rhumatologie chez deux patients toxicomanes. Il s’agit d’un œdème des mains, bilatéral, indolore, ne prenant pas le godet, survenant chez un de nos patients pendant l’intoxication par héroïne, et chez l’autre 2 ans après avoir arrêté ses injections. Chez nos deux patients les bilans complémentaires (biologiques, radiologiques, échographiques) étaient sans particularité, ce qui a permis dans le contexte de poser le diagnostic de puffy hand syndrome. La physiopathologie, mal connue, repose en partie sur une toxicité lymphatique des drogues et de leurs excipients. Il n’existe pas de traitement étiologique mais une compression par manchettes nocturnes a permis d’améliorer l’œdème des mains chez un de nos patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Abstract: Puffy hand syndrome is an unrecognized complication of intravenous drug abuse. This painless syndrome appears during or after a long period of drug addiction. It involves the hands and sometimes the forearms, and may cause functional, aesthetic and social disturbances when the hand volume is important. Physiopathological mechanisms of the puffy hand syndrome are unclear and include venous and lymphatic insufficiencies, infectious complications and direct toxicity of injected drugs and their adulterants. Low-stretch bandage and elastic garment, usually used in lymphedema treatment, are proposed to treat the puffy hand syndrome. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of Phytothérapie is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study was designed to determine if previously reported differences in the functional impairment of muscles composed of predominantly different fiber types occurs following extended periods of ischemia. We hypothesized that the soleus (Sol) muscle, a predominantly slow-twitch muscle, would be less vulnerable to tourniquet-induced ischemia-reperfusion than the plantaris (Plant), a predominantly fast-twitch muscle, as determined by the assessment of isometric contractile function. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to one of the following groups to undergo tourniquet application (TKA) (n = 6/group): 2 h TKA, 2 d recovery; 4 h TKA, 2 d recovery; 2 h TKA, 14 d recovery; or 4 h TKA, 14 d recovery. In situ isometric contractile properties were assessed in the predominantly slow-twitch Sol and the predominantly fast-twitch Plant; the contralateral muscle served as the internal control. At 2 d, muscle contraction could not be elicited via neural stimulation, but muscles did contract with direct stimulation, which indicates neural injury. This condition was resolved by day 14. At this time point, tetanic tension (Po) in the Plant was reduced by 45% and 69% in the 2 and 4 h groups, respectively. Po for the Sol was unaffected in the 2 h group, but was reduced by 30% in the 4 h group. The fatigue resistance of the Plant was increased 2 fold in the 4 h group and was unchanged in all other groups. These results demonstrate that vulnerability to tourniquet-induced ischemia-reperfusion injury is dramatically different with respect to muscle fiber-type composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The potent antidepressant effect of moclobemide, a selective and reversible type A monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor, is clinically established. In view of the ongoing debate on the neuroprotective properties of MAO inhibitors, the present study was undertaken to further define the protective effect of moclobemide in a rat model of neurotoxicant-induced edema. In this model, daily oral triethyltin (TET) administration for 5 consecutive days strongly perturbed the rat behaviour and induced a cerebral edema at the 5th day. Oral coadministration of moclobemide (2 × 100 mg·kg–1·day–1) with TET blocked the development of brain edema and the increase in the cerebral chloride content induced by TET. Moreover, moclobemide reduced the increase in the cerebral sodium content and attenuated the neurological deficit. In conclusion, moclobemide possesses potent protective properties in this rat model of cerebral edema, suggesting potential clinical utility as a neuroprotectant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Phytothérapie is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of EMC-Cardiologie-Angeiologie is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Transplantation is an effective treatment for end-stage heart disease; however, most grafts eventually fail by progressive cardiac failure. Primarily, failure is ischemic due to the occlusive nature of transplant vascular disease (TVD). Early after transplantation and preceding TVD, alterations in coronary physiology such as reduced vascular myogenic tone occur. Resistance arteries possess an inherent ability to constrict in response to transmural pressure; this constrictive response (myogenic tone) is important in fluid homeostasis. Recent evidence suggests that a decline in myogenic tone leads to deficits in cardiac contractility. Factors that reduce myogenic tone in transplantation include constitutive nitric oxide synthase and inducible nitric oxide synthase catalyzed, NO-mediated vasodilation as well as deficits in arterial contractile function. Reduced myogenic tone in allograft resistance arteries increases coronary blood flow such that hydrostatic pressure surpasses oncotic pressure, causing cardiac interstitial edema. This generalized edema decreases ventricular compliance leading to heart failure during the course of acute immune rejection of the graft. Cyclosporine A treatment reduces immune mediated dysregulation of myogenic tone, resulting in reduced interstitial edema and improved cardiac function. In this review, we discuss aspects of TVD and myogenic tone signaling mechanisms and how aberrations in myogenic regulation of arterial tone contribute to functional changes observed in cardiac transplant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In infants less than 2 years of age, acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy (AHEI) is characterized by the rapid onset of purpuric annular lesions associated with initially local edemas of the extremities. In most cases, this disorder is benign, without visceral involvement and diagnosis is based on clinical examination. There are no specific laboratory data and the histological analysis of these lesions (which is unnecessary in the majority of cases) is usually unspecific (the patient sometimes has an unspecified leucocytoclasic vasculitis). This condition is of uncertain nosologic status, mimiking rheumatoid purpura. Sometimes the patient had had rhino-pharyngeal episode in previous days, suggesting a viral cause. There is a clear discrepancy between the good general condition and the profuse and spectacular appearance of the lesions. Children’s monitoring in the first days must be rigorous but complications are exceptional (acute intussusception'). Patient’s outcome is marked by spontaneous regression within 12 days. Treatment is based on careful monitoring of the child’s general status. Fever, purpuric lesions extension and, especially, signs of alteration of the general state may suggest the diagnosis of purpura fulminans. Another differential diagnosis is acute hemorrhagic or ecchymotic urticaria. We report the case of a 3-month old infant with diffuse pseudo-roundel like lesions in a context of apyrexy and preservation of the general state. Patient’s outcome was favorable, without receiving any treatment. This confirm the diagnosis of AHEI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The aim of this study was to record the course of peripartal udder oedema with ultrasonography in dairy cows and to investigate the therapeutic effects of diuretic furosemide. For this purpose, a device with a force sensor for the ultrasound probe was developed, which ensured the generation of data under similar pressure conditions and thereby repeatable and comparable results. In a pretrial with ten cows, ultrasonographic measurements were performed daily at four locations per udder quarter beginning 14 days ante partum until 14 d post partum. The main study included 50 dairy cows. The experimental group (n=25) received 500 mg furosemide intramuscularly on the day of calving, as well as on the first and second day post partum. The control group (n=25) was treated with 10 mL 0,9 % sodium chloride solution (NaCl) at the same timepoints. The experimental period was extended from 21 days ante partum until 21 days post partum and included 15 ultrasonographic measurements at three-day intervals. The measurements were performed at the teat base, which turned out to be the most suitable location in the pretrial. Quarter milk samples were collected on the day of calving, 7 and 14 days post partum. The average thickness of the udder oedema between the group treated with furosemide and the control group did not differ. In conclusion, a method for the ultrasonographic measurement of udder oedema under comparable applied forces was established. The teat base turned out to be a suitable location to monitor the characteristic temporal course of udder oedema. In the present study, treatment with furosemide did not have a measurable, positive effect on the severity of the udder oedema post partum in the study animals. Finally, further studies with a higher sample size are necessary to confirm this relationship.

This paper presents a short review of data supporting a dexamethasone sparing regimen, SEC, to reduce glioblastoma related brain edema. The conclusion of the reviewed data is that the rationale and risk/benefit ratio favors a pilot study to determine if the three drug regimen of SEC can reduce need for corticosteroid use during the course of glioblastoma. Details of how selected pathophysiological aspects of brain edema occurring during the course of glioblastoma and its treatment intersect with the established action of the three old drugs of SEC indicate that they can be repurposed to reduce that edema. Current first-line treatment of this edema is dexamethasone or related corticosteroids. There are multiple negative prognostic implications of both the edema itself and of dexamethasone, prime among them shortened survival, making a dexamethasone sparing regimen highly desirable. SEC uses spironolactone, an antihypertensive potassium-sparing diuretic acting by mineralocorticoid receptor inhibition, ecallantide acting to inhibit kallikrein activation marketed to treat hereditary angioedema, and clotrimazole, an old antifungal drug that inhibits intermediate conductance Ca++ activated K+ channel (KCa3.1). These three old drugs are well known to most clinicians, have a well-tolerated safety history, and have a robust preclinical database showing their potential to reduce the specific edema of glioblastoma. Additionally, these three drugs were chosen by virtue of each having preclinical evidence of glioblastoma growth and/or migration inhibition independent of their edema reduction action. A clinical study of SEC is being planned., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Objective: Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) has been used in multiple applications in general medicine as powerful anti-inflammatory, analgesic and reducing oedema in different parts of the body. The aim of this study is to compare the effect on post-surgical oedema after mandibular orthognathic surgery, between two different laser power densities and oral medication with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory., Materials and Methods: In a randomized clinical trial, on 60 patients who were subject to mandibular orthognathic surgery were divided into three groups. All groups received sodium naproxen 250mg every 8hours for 6days. Two groups were irradiated with two different laser application protocols and the other was a control group. In G1 group the irradiation parameters three times per week for two weeks were: 940nm, in continuous mode, 2.5W, 120s, 85.71J/cm 2 , 0.89W/cm 2 , over the right and left side with a distance from the skin surface of 1mm with the whitening handpiece (spot size of 2.8cm 2 ). In G2, the irradiation parameters three times a week for two weeks were: 940nm, in continuous mode, 4.1W, 120s, 68.33J/cm 2 , 0.58W/cm 2 over the right and left side with a distance from the skin surface of 15mm, with the deep tissue handpiece (spot size of 7.1cm 2 ). In all the groups, millimetric facial measurements were taken from tragus to lateral commissure, and from lateral commissure to gonion in both sides., Results: All differences between T1 and T6 were significant for the three groups, (paired T, P<0.05). The differences between the groups were generally not significant (P>0.05) except for commissure - right and left gonion when compared G1 vs CG (P<0.05) and G2 vs CG (P<0.05). Initial changes (T1-T2) between groups were significantly different except for the measurement from commissure to right tragus G1 vs CG (P=0.411) and from commissure to left tragus G2 vs CG (P=0.94). The faster resolution of the oedema occurred in G2 group. PTBM with an energy density of 68.33J/cm 2 was the most effective adjuvant to oral medication with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, to decrease post-surgical oedema after mandibular orthognathic surgery., (Copyright © 2019 CEO. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Resistance exercise (RE) causes an acute increase of the muscle thickness (MT) considered to relate to an increase in tissue water content. Segmental bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (S-BIS) is a tool used to noninvasively assess intra- and extra-cellular water (ICW and ECW, respectively) of a given limb segment. The purpose of the present study was to examine the change of MT, ultrasound echo intensity (EI), ICW, and ECW after 3 sets of exhaustive RE. Eighteen untrained young males (age, 25.4 ± 4.1 years) performed RE consisting of 3 sets of knee extension concentric and eccentric contractions with 80% of 1-repetition maximum to failure. The MT and EI of the quadriceps measured by ultrasonography, and ECW/ICW ratio of the thigh assessed by S-BIS before (baseline) and after each set of RE (PostEx1, 2, and 3). The changes (Δ) in MT, EI, and ECW/ICW ratio were calculated as values of PostEx minus baseline values. The values of MT, EI, and ECW/ICW ratio at PostEx3 were significantly higher than baseline (effect size: MT, 1.11; EI, 0.47; and ECW/ICW ratio, 0.45). In addition, ΔMT was significantly and moderately correlated with ΔECW/ICW ratio ( r = 0.61). Integrated data showed weak but significant correlation between ΔEI and ΔECW/ICW ratio as well ( r = 0.31). The present results suggest multiple sets of exhaustive knee extension RE induce the acute increase of EI and ECW/ICW ratio as well as MT. The acute increase of muscle size after exercise can be at least partly explained by relative ECW increase.