119 results on '"Ádám, Bálint"'
Search Results
2. Investigation of PRRS Virus Infection in Hungarian Wild Boar Populations during Its Eradication from Domestic Pig Herds
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Ádám Bálint, Sándor Csányi, Imre Nemes, Hanna Bijl, and István Szabó
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Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) ,disease transmission ,wild boar ,domestic pig ,Sus scrofa ,seroprevalence ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) significantly impacts the pig farming industry globally, leading to economic losses due to reduced productivity. This study focuses on assessing the presence and impact of PRRS within Hungarian wild boar populations amidst efforts to eradicate the virus from domestic pig herds. We used a combination of serological and virological tests on samples collected from wild boars across Hungary to evaluate the prevalence of PRRS virus and its potential transmission risks to domestic pigs. Our findings reveal a low seropositivity rate in wild boars, suggesting a minimal role of wild boars in the transmission of PRRS to domestic pig populations. Moreover, no relationship was found between domestic pig and wild boar densities, emphasizing the limited interaction and consequent risk of disease spread between these populations. We confirm the effectiveness of Hungary’s PRRS eradication measures among domestic herds and highlight the negligible risk posed by wild boars in re-introducing the PRRS virus.
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- 2024
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3. Genome stability assessment of PRRS vaccine strain with new ARTIC-style sequencing protocol
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Szilvia Jakab, Ádám Bálint, Karolina Cseri, Krisztina Bali, Eszter Kaszab, Marianna Domán, Máté Halas, Krisztina Szarka, and Krisztián Bányai
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porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus ,Porcilis MLV ,genetic variability ,single nucleotide variation ,deep sequencing ,tiling amplicon sequencing ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
A tiling amplicon sequencing protocol was developed to analyse the genome sequence stability of the modified live PRRSV vaccine strain, Porcilis MLV. The backbone of the ARTIC-style protocol was formed by 34 individual primer pairs, which were divided into two primer pools. Primer pairs were designed to amplify 532 to 588 bp fragments of the corresponding genomic region. The amplicons are suitable for sequencing on Illumina DNA sequencers with available 600-cycle sequencing kits. The concentration of primer pairs in the pools was optimized to obtain a balanced sequencing depth along the genome. Deep sequencing data of three vaccine batches were also analysed. All three vaccine batches were very similar to each other, although they also showed single nucleotide variations (SNVs) affecting less than 1 % of the genome. In the three vaccine strains, 113 to 122 SNV sites were identified; at these sites, the minority variants represented a frequency range of 1 to 48.7 percent. Additionally, the strains within the batches contained well-known length polymorphisms; the genomes of these minority deletion mutants were 135 to 222 bp shorter than the variant with the complete genome. Our results show the usefulness of ARTIC-style protocols in the evaluation of the genomic stability of PRRS MLV strains.
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- 2024
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4. Ultrafast Solid-Phase Oxidation of Aldehydes to Carboxylic Acids by Atmosphseric Plasma Treatment
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Ádám, Bálint Árpád, primary, Golcs, Ádám, additional, Tóth, Tünde, additional, and Huszthy, Péter, additional
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- 2024
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5. Spatiotemporal Distribution of PRRSV-1 Clades in Hungary with a Focus on the Era of Disease Eradication
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Ádám Bálint, Szilvia Jakab, Eszter Kaszab, Szilvia Marton, Krisztián Bányai, Sándor Kecskeméti, and István Szabó
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porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome ,disease eradication ,phylogeny ,genetic diversity ,molecular epidemiology ,PRRS ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is the cause of the most severe economic losses in the pig industry worldwide. PRRSV is extremely diverse in Europe, which poses a significant challenge to disease control within a country or any region. With the combination of phylogenetic reconstruction and network analysis, we aimed to uncover the major routes of the dispersal of PRRSV clades within Hungary. In brief, by analyzing >2600 ORF5 sequences, we identified at least 12 clades (including 6 clades within lineage 1 and 3 clades within lineage 3) common in parts of Western Europe (including Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands) and identified 2 novel clades (designated X1 and X2). Of interest, some genetic clades unique to other central European countries, such as the Czech Republic and Poland, were not identified. The pattern of PRRSV clade distribution is consistent with the route of the pig trade among countries, showing that most of the identified clades were introduced from Western Europe when fatteners were transported to Hungary. As a result of rigorous implementation of the national eradication program, the swine population was declared officially free from PRRSV. This map of viral diversity and clade distribution will serve as valuable baseline information for the maintenance of PRRSV-free status in the post-eradication era.
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- 2024
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6. Eradication of PRRS from Hungarian Pig Herds between 2014 and 2022
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István Szabó, Imre Nemes, Lajos Bognár, Zsolt Terjék, Tamás Molnár, Tamás Abonyi, Ádám Bálint, Dávid G. Horváth, and Gyula Balka
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pig ,PRRS ,Hungary ,eradication ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a widespread infectious disease that is currently a major cause of economic losses in pig production. In Hungary, a National PRRS Eradication Program has been introduced to attain a more efficient, economic, and competitive international market position. The program has been also approved by the EU, but the resulting legal obligations have imposed a burden on Hungarian producers to comply with EU competition rules. The implementation of the program has been carried out by the veterinary authorities with the consent of, continuous support from and monitoring conducted by organisations within the pig sector as well as a scientific committee. The PRRS eradication program in Hungary was based on a regional territorial principle and was compulsory for all pig holdings within the regions. In Hungary, large fattening farms operate as all-in/all-out or continuous flow systems. Large-scale breeding herds are predominantly farrow-to-finish types. Although its significance has decreased in recent decades, 20% of the Hungarian pig population is still kept on small (backyard) farms (
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- 2023
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7. Elimination of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection using an inactivated vaccine in combination with a roll-over method in a Hungarian large-scale pig herd
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Attila Pertich, Zoltán Barna, Orsolya Makai, János Farkas, Tamás Molnár, Ádám Bálint, István Szabó, and Mihály Albert
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Elimination ,Inactivated vaccine ,Progressis ,PRRS ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
Abstract Background Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes severe economic losses worldwide and only four countries in Europe are free from PRRSV. Complete depopulation–repopulation is the safest and fastest, but also the most expensive method for eradicating PRRSV from a population. Another possible way to eliminate an endemic PRRSV infection is to replace the infected breeding stock by gilts reared isolated and protected from PRRSV on an infected farm. With this method it is possible to maintain continuous production on the farm. The authors report the first successful elimination of PRRSV in a Hungarian large-scale pig farm by using an inactivated vaccine and performing segregated rearing of the offspring. Case presentation The study was performed on a PRRSV infected farm (Farm A) with 1475 sows. The clinical signs of reproductive failure had been eliminated previously by using an inactivated vaccine (Progressis®, Ceva). At the beginning of the elimination programme, gilts intended for breeding were vaccinated at 60 and 90–100 days of age. After that, gilts selected for breeding were vaccinated at 6 months of age, on the 60–70th day of pregnancy and at weaning. Approximately 1200 piglets from vaccinated sows were transported at 7 weeks of age to a closed, empty farm (Farm B) after being tested negative for PRRSV by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, and then were reared here until 14 weeks of age. At this age, all pigs were tested by PRRS ELISA. Seronegative gilts (n = 901) were subsequently transported from Farm B to a third, closed and empty farm (Farm C), and (having reached the breeding age) they were inseminated here after a second negative serological test (ELISA). At the same time, Farm A was depopulated, cleaned and disinfected. All pregnant gilts were transported from Farm C to Farm A after being re-tested negative for antibodies against PRRSV. Follow-up serology tests were performed after farrowing and results yielded only seronegative animals. Based on the subsequent negative test results, the herd was declared PRRSV free by the competent authority. Conclusions The presented farm was the first during the National PRRS Eradication Programme of Hungary to eradicate PRRSV successfully by vaccinating the sows with an inactivated vaccine and performing segregated rearing of the offspring. Production was almost continuous during the whole process of population replacement.
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- 2022
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8. Deep Sequencing of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus ORF7: A Promising Tool for Diagnostics and Epidemiologic Surveillance
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Szilvia Jakab, Krisztina Bali, Csongor Freytag, Anna Pataki, Enikő Fehér, Máté Halas, Ákos Jerzsele, István Szabó, Krisztina Szarka, Ádám Bálint, and Krisztián Bányai
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PRRSV-1 ,PRRSV-2 ,next-generation sequencing ,nucleocapsid ,mixed infection ,SNV ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a major concern worldwide. Control of PRRSV is a challenging task due to various factors, including the viral diversity and variability. In this study, we evaluated an amplicon library preparation protocol targeting the ORF7 region of both PRRSV species, Betaarterivirus suid 1 and Betaarterivirus suid 2. We designed tailed primers for a two-step PCR procedure that generates ORF7-specific amplicon libraries suitable for use on Illumina sequencers. We tested the method with serum samples containing common laboratory strains and with pooled serum samples (n = 15) collected from different pig farms during 2019–2021 in Hungary. Testing spiked serum samples showed that the newly designed method is highly sensitive and detects the viral RNA even at low copy numbers (corresponding to approx. Ct 35). The ORF7 sequences were easily assembled even from clinical samples. Two different sequence variants were identified in five samples, and the Porcilis MLV vaccine strain was identified as the minor variant in four samples. An in-depth analysis of the deep sequencing results revealed numerous polymorphic sites along the ORF7 gene in a total of eight samples, and some sites (positions 12, 165, 219, 225, 315, 345, and 351) were found to be common in several clinical specimens. We conclude that amplicon deep sequencing of a highly conserved region of the PRRSV genome could support both laboratory diagnosis and epidemiologic surveillance of the disease.
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- 2023
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9. Transmission Dynamics of Imported Vaccine-Origin PRRSV-2 within and between Commercial Swine Integrations in Hungary
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Szilvia Jakab, Krisztián Bányai, Krisztina Bali, Imre Nemes, Ádám Bálint, and István Szabó
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NA-type PRRSV ,molecular epidemiology ,virus transmission ,next-generation sequencing ,single nucleotide variation ,Ingelvac PRRS MLV ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
This study reports on the molecular epidemiology of Ingelvac-PRRS-MLV-associated cases in Hungary for the period 2020–2021. Field epidemiology investigations led the experts to conclude that imported pigs, which were shipped through transit stations in Denmark, introduced the vaccine virus. The movement of fatteners and the neglect of disease control measures contributed to the spread of the virus to PRRS-free pig holdings in the vicinity. Deep sequencing was performed to genetically characterize the genes coding for the virion antigens (i.e., ORF2 through ORF7). The study isolates exhibited a range of 0.1 to 1.8% nucleotide sequence divergence from the Ingelvac PRRS MLV and identified numerous polymorphic sites (up to 57 sites) along the amplified 3.2 kilo base pair genomic region. Our findings confirm that some PRRSV-2 vaccine strains can accumulate very high number of point mutations within a short period in immunologically naive pig herds.
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- 2023
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10. Sampling Strategies in PRRS Elimination in Hungary: An Observational Study Involving Four Farrow-to-Finish Swine Herds
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Kinga Fornyos, László Búza, István Makkai, Ferenc Polyák, Imre Pogácsás, Luca Savoia, László Szegedi, Ádám Bálint, Szilvia Jakab, Krisztián Bányai, and István Szabó
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DIVA PCR ,disease control ,resident virus ,PRRS-vaccinated-free status ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
PRRS elimination strategies often rely on depopulation-repopulation. However, this approach is accompanied by a long-term loss of production. With adequate control measures, such as well-designed immunization programs and technological changes along with prevalence-based laboratory testing, the virus-free status of the most vulnerable age groups in swine herds can be achieved. The most common reason for acquiring PRRSV at large farrow-to-finish swine farm units is that the previously settled fattening pigs serve as a source of infection for the newly reared PRRS-free animals. Following such unwanted events, PRRSV may persist in an affected establishment for several years. In this observational study, we selected four farrow-to-finish type swine herds. We implemented different laboratory testing protocols to find the most optimal solution for a successful PRRS elimination program. To aid our objectives, we used a DIVA PCR technique. The PRRS DIVA PCR assay is a fast, reliable method to identify sows shedding farm-specific PRRSV strain(s). As a result of elimination efforts at the sentinel pig herds, we found that reliable detection of wild-type PRRSV shedding among sows requires sampling at least three weaned piglets per litter. The strict adherence to this sampling protocol, the systematic use of laboratory methods that quickly detect the presence of wild virulent virus in the herd during the rearing period and the culling of DIVA PCR positive litters and their sows decreased the presence of the resident virus markedly. These procedures at Hungarian farrow-to-finish type farms successfully inhibited the wild-type PRRSV infection of different age groups. The results of this study demonstrate that applying this methodology together with strict biosecurity measures enabled us to reach PRRS-vaccinated-free status in large, farrow-to-finish herds within two years.
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- 2023
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11. Corrigendum: Genetic diversity of imported PRRSV-2 strains, 2005–2020, Hungary
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Szilvia Jakab, Eszter Kaszab, Szilvia Marton, Krisztián Bányai, Ádám Bálint, Imre Nemes, and István Szabó
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Betaarterivirus suid 2 ,molecular epidemiology ,phylogenetic analysis ,ORF5 ,vaccine virus ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Published
- 2022
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12. Comparison in practical applications of crown ether sensor molecules containing an acridone or an acridine unit – a study on protonation and complex formation
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Golcs, Ádám, Vezse, Panna, Ádám, Bálint Árpád, Huszthy, Péter, and Tóth, Tünde
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- 2021
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13. Genetic diversity of imported PRRSV-2 strains, 2005–2020, Hungary
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Szilvia Jakab, Eszter Kaszab, Szilvia Marton, Krisztián Bányai, Ádám Bálint, Imre Nemes, and István Szabó
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Betaarterivirus suid 2 ,molecular epidemiology ,phylogenetic analysis ,ORF5 ,vaccine virus ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2 (PRRSV-2) remains sporadic in Europe. In this study, we investigated the molecular epidemiology of PRRSV-2 infections encompassing 15 years in Hungary. Partial (423 bp long) ORF5 sequences (n = 44) from 20 Hungarian pig herds were analyzed. The study strains fell into two genetic lineages, L1 and L5, being L5 strains more prevalent (88.6 vs. 11.4%). Pairwise sequence identities within Hungarian representative PRRSV-2 strains ranged between 84.7 to 100% (nucleotide, nt) and 85 to 100% (amino acid, aa). When compared with reference strains, identity values fell between 87 and 100% (L1, nt 87–91%, aa 87–93%, reference strain IAF-exp91; L5, nt 87–100%, aa 88–100%, reference strain Ingelvac MLV). Epidemiologic examination implied that the majority of L5 strains were imported repeatedly from other European countries where Ingelvac MLV was approved for routine use. The emergence of L1 strains was thought to be associated with a single introduction and subsequent dissemination between pig farms of a large integrator. Results presented here contribute to a better understanding of the epizootiology of PRRSV-2 infections and shed light on the genetic diversity of viral strains in non-endemic countries.
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- 2022
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14. The Impact of PRRS Eradication Program on the Production Parameters of the Hungarian Swine Sector
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István Szabó, Imre Nemes, László Búza, Ferenc Polyák, Ádám Bálint, Gábor Fitos, Derald J. Holtkamp, and László Ózsvári
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PRRS ,eradication program ,production parameters ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
Background: The Hungarian national eradication program of PRRS was successfully completed between 2014 and 2022. There were doubts about the efficiency of the eradication program in Hungary from the beginning to the tune that it might only be carried out efficiently through depopulation–repopulation of the infected herds, which is a very costly procedure. In our study, we investigated the impact of the depopulation–repopulation procedure, which played a prominent role in the PRRS eradication program on the productivity of the Hungarian swine sector–namely, on the number of slaughter pigs per sow per year and the total live slaughter weight per sow per year. Material and Methods: Since 2014, we monitored the evolution of the PRRS eradication through the depopulation–repopulation approach on the large-scale breeding herds in Hungary. Most producers replaced their herds with animals that were free of PRRS and other infectious diseases (mycoplasmosis, actinobacillosis, swine dysentery, atrophic rhinitis, etc.). On this basis, we evaluated the change in the number of slaughter pigs per sow per year as a consequence of depopulation–repopulation of the herds being carried out. In the statistical analysis linear regression was used. Conclusions: The results of our study demonstrate that the PRRS eradication program with the herd depopulation–repopulation approach led to a considerable improvement of the productivity of Hungarian pig farming. This result also demonstrates that, independent of the PRRS eradication, it is still necessary to consider investments into the individual production units to increase efficiency, and to carry out herd depopulation–repopulation in cases where the current genetics limits improvements in productivity.
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- 2023
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15. Covalently Modified Molecular-Recognition-Capable UV-Transparent Microplate for Ultra-High-Throughput Screening of Dissolved Zn 2+ and Pb 2+.
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Ádám, Bálint Árpád, Kis-Tót, Bálint, Jávor, Bálint, László, Szabolcs, Vezse, Panna, Huszthy, Péter, Tóth, Tünde, and Golcs, Ádám
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HIGH throughput screening (Drug development) , *DETECTION limit , *COPOLYMERIZATION , *MICROPLATES , *SPINE , *OCHRATOXINS - Abstract
Zn2+ has a crucial role both in biology and the environment, while Pb2+ presents serious hazards in the same areas due to its toxicity, and the need for their analysis often exceeds available instrumental capacity. We report, herein, a new high-throughput optochemical screening method for Zn2+ and Pb2+ in various solutions. Moreover, we also introduced a new and generalizable three-step-microplate-modification technique, including plasma treating, linker-docking and photocatalytic copolymerization. The surface of a commercially available 96-well-cycloolefin-microplate was treated with atmospheric plasma, and then, the bottoms of the wells were covered by covalently attaching a methacrylate-containing linker-monolayer. Finally, the preactivated microplate wells were covalently functionalized by immobilizing bis(acridino)-crown ether-type sensor molecules, via photocatalytic copolymerization, to a polymethacrylate backbone. This sensing tool can be used in all microplate readers, is compatible with liquid handling platforms and provides an unprecedently fast monitoring (>1000 samples/hour, extrapolated from the time required for 96 measurements) of dissolved Zn2+ and Pb2+ among recent alternatives above the detection limits of 8.0 × 10−9 and 3.0 × 10−8 mol/L, respectively, while requiring a sample volume of only 20 µL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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16. Genetic diversity of PRRSV 1 in Central Eastern Europe in 1994–2014: origin and evolution of the virus in the region
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Gyula Balka, Katarzyna Podgórska, Manreetpal Singh Brar, Ádám Bálint, Daniel Cadar, Vladimir Celer, Lilla Dénes, Zuzana Dirbakova, Anna Jedryczko, Lázár Márton, Dinko Novosel, Tamaš Petrović, Ivo Sirakov, Dóra Szalay, Ivan Toplak, Frederick Chi-Ching Leung, and Tomasz Stadejek
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract More than 20 years after the first outbreaks, the phylogenetic picture of PRRSV is still incomplete and full of gaps, especially in regards of PRRSV 1. Due to the exceptional diversity observed at the eastern borders of Europe and the low number of available sequences from Central Eastern European countries, the authors collected and analyzed both recent as well as already submitted sequences comparing them to a large backbone set of available ORF5 sequences representing the full spectrum of PRRSV 1 Subtype 1 diversity to conduct a systematic phylogenetic analysis and reclassification elucidating the diversity of the virus in these countries. Moreover, further analyses of the EUROSTAT data regarding the live pig movement trends revealed their influence of virus diversity and evolution. The results indicate that besides the effect of local, isolated divergent evolution and the use of modified live vaccines, the most important factor influencing a given country’s virus diversity is the transboundary movement of live, infected animals.
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- 2018
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17. Genomic Epidemiology and Evolution of Duck Hepatitis A Virus
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Enikő Fehér, Szilvia Jakab, Krisztina Bali, Eszter Kaszab, Borbála Nagy, Katalin Ihász, Ádám Bálint, Vilmos Palya, and Krisztián Bányai
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duck hepatitis A virus ,recombination ,Hungary ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV), an avian picornavirus, causes high-mortality acute disease in ducklings. Among the three serotypes, DHAV-1 is globally distributed, whereas DHAV-2 and DHAV-3 serotypes are chiefly restricted to Southeast Asia. In this study, we analyzed the genomic evolution of DHAV-1 strains using extant GenBank records and genomic sequences of 10 DHAV-1 strains originating from a large disease outbreak in 2004–2005, in Hungary. Recombination analysis revealed intragenotype recombination within DHAV-1 as well as intergenotype recombination events involving DHAV-1 and DHAV-3 strains. The intergenotype recombination occurred in the VP0 region. Diversifying selection seems to act at sites of certain genomic regions. Calculations estimated slightly lower rates of evolution of DHAV-1 (mean rates for individual protein coding regions, 5.6286 × 10−4 to 1.1147 × 10−3 substitutions per site per year) compared to other picornaviruses. The observed evolutionary mechanisms indicate that whole-genome-based analysis of DHAV strains is needed to better understand the emergence of novel strains and their geographical dispersal.
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- 2021
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18. Genetic Variability of PRRSV Vaccine Strains Used in the National Eradication Programme, Hungary
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Ádám Bálint, Tamás Molnár, Sándor Kecskeméti, Gábor Kulcsár, Tibor Soós, Péter M. Szabó, Eszter Kaszab, Kinga Fornyos, Zoltán Zádori, Krisztián Bányai, and István Szabó
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porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus ,molecular epidemiology ,phylogenetic network ,Medicine - Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a globally spread, highly infectious viral disease. Live, attenuated vaccines against PRRS virus (PRRSV) decrease virus excretion and evoke protective immunity reducing the economic damage caused by the disease. In a longitudinal molecular epidemiological study accompanying ongoing national eradication programme we evaluated the suitability of PRRSV ORF5 and ORF7 sequences to identify possible field strains of vaccine-origin. In total, 2342 ORF5 sequences and 478 ORF7 sequences were analysed. Vaccine strains were identified by sequence identity values and phylogenetic network analysis. Strains that shared greater than 98% nucleotide identity within ORF5 and/or ORF7 were considered to have originated from vaccine. A total of 882 (37.6%) ORF5 and 88 (18.4%) ORF7 sequences met these criteria. In detail, 618, 179 and 35 ORF5 and 51, 29 and 8 ORF7 sequences were related to Porcilis PRRS vaccine, Unistrain PRRS vaccine, and ReproCyc PRRS EU vaccine, respectively. Data showed that the Porcilis vaccine was genetically more stable. Whereas, the variability of the Unistrain and the ReproCyc strains was significantly higher. Given that ORF7 shares, in some instances, complete identity between a particular vaccine strain and some historic variants of field PRRSV strains, care must be taken when evaluating vaccine relatedness of a field isolate based on the ORF7. On the contrary, ORF5 sequences were more suitable to predict the vaccine origin making a distinction more robustly between field and vaccine strains. We conclude that ORF5 based molecular epidemiological studies support more efficiently the ongoing PRRS eradication programmes. The conclusions presented in this large-scale PRRS molecular epidemiological study provides a framework for future eradication programmes planned in other countries.
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- 2021
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19. Eradication of PRRS from Hungarian pig herds 2014–2022
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István Szabó, Imre Nemes, Lajos Bognár, Zsolt Terjék, Tamás Molnár, Tamás Abonyi, Ádám Bálint, Dávid Géza Horváth, and Gyula Balka
- Abstract
Background: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is an infectious disease with widespread distribution and is currently a major cause of economic loss in pig production. In Hungary, a National PRRS Eradication Program was introduced in order to reach a more efficient, economic and competitive international market position. The EU also approved the program, but the resultant legal obligations placed a burden on Hungarian producers in order to comply with EU competition rules. The veterinary authorities carried out the implementation of the program with the consent, continuous support and monitoring by the organizations of the pig industry as well as a scientific committee. The PRRS eradication program in Hungary was based on a regional territorial principle and was obligatory for every swine farm within those regions. In Hungary large fattening farms operate as all-in/all-out or continuous flow system. The large-scale breeding herds are predominantly farrow-to-finish types. Although its significance has decreased in recent decades, 20% of the Hungarian pig population is still kept in small-scale (backyard) farms (< 100 animals). Each PRRS-infected large-scale farm had to develop a unit-adapted eradication plan, including external and internal biosecurity measures, vaccinations, etc. It was crucial to render each fattening unit free of the disease since fattening units play a significant role in spreading the virus across the country. Eradication efforts mainly implemented depopulation-repopulation methods, with some farms using the test and removal method instead. Results: As the eradication progressed over the years, the introduction of infected fattening pigs was restricted. Because of these measures, by the end of 2018, Hungarian large-scale fattening farms became free of PRRS. The PRRS-free status of the small-scale herds was achieved by the end of 2015, and this status was maintained from 2016–2021. By the 31st of December in 2021, all breeding pigs at large scale-farms in Hungary had become free of wild type PRRS virus. By the 31st of March in 2022, the total pig population of the country, including all backyard farms and fattening units, had achieved PRRS-free status. Conclusions: The future goal is to secure and maintain the PRRS free status of Hungary by strict import regulations of live animals combined with continuous and thorough screening of incoming and resident herds for the presence of the virus.
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- 2023
20. Prevalence of antibodies against transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) in Hungary
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Anna Valkó, Ádám Bálint, Ágnes Bozsa, and Attila Cságola
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Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
Transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) is a highly contagious enteric disease of swine, which became infrequent with the appearance of porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV). TGE was last reported in Hungary in 2013 and the virus has not been found since, therefore a serological survey was planned to estimate the level of protection against it. 908 sera of sows from 93 farms were selected together with 174 archive samples from one farm covering a wider age group. All samples were screened with an indirect immunofluorescence (IF) test with a positive result of 15.42% and 17.82%, respectively. All IF-positive samples were examined with a commercial ELISA, revealing seropositivity against PRCV in almost all cases. These findings should serve as a recommendation to not omit TGE from the diagnostics of diarrhoea in swine. Keywords: Transmissible gastroenteritis, Indirect immunofluorescence, ELISA, Hungary
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- 2019
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21. Recombination Events Shape the Genomic Evolution of Infectious Bronchitis Virus in Europe
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Krisztina Bali, Ádám Bálint, Attila Farsang, Szilvia Marton, Borbála Nagy, Eszter Kaszab, Sándor Belák, Vilmos Palya, and Krisztián Bányai
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infectious bronchitis ,genomic epidemiology ,genomic evolution ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Infectious bronchitis of chicken is a high morbidity and mortality viral disease affecting the poultry industry worldwide; therefore, a better understanding of this pathogen is of utmost importance. The primary aim of this study was to obtain a deeper insight into the genomic diversity of field infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strains using phylogenetic and recombination analysis. We sequenced the genome of 20 randomly selected strains from seven European countries. After sequencing, we created a genome sequence data set that contained 36 European origin field isolates and 33 vaccine strains. When analyzing these 69 IBV genome sequences, we identified 215 recombination events highlighting that some strains had multiple recombination breaking points. Recombination hot spots were identified mostly in the regions coding for non-structural proteins, and multiple recombination hot spots were identified in the nsp2, nsp3, nsp8, and nsp12 coding regions. Recombination occurred among different IBV genotypes and involved both field and vaccine IBV strains. Ninety percent of field strains and nearly half of vaccine strains showed evidence of recombination. Despite the low number and the scattered geographical and temporal origin of whole-genome sequence data collected from European Gammacoronaviruses, this study underlines the importance of recombination as a major evolutionary mechanism of IBVs.
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- 2021
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22. Multiple Types of Novel Enteric Bopiviruses (Picornaviridae) with the Possibility of Interspecies Transmission Identified from Cloven-Hoofed Domestic Livestock (Ovine, Caprine and Bovine) in Hungary
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Zoltán László, Péter Pankovics, Gábor Reuter, Attila Cságola, Ádám Bálint, Mihály Albert, and Ákos Boros
- Subjects
picornavirus ,IRES ,bopivirus ,livestock ,epidemiology ,ovine ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Most picornaviruses of the family Picornaviridae are relatively well known, but there are certain “neglected” genera like Bopivirus, containing a single uncharacterised sequence (bopivirus A1, KM589358) with very limited background information. In this study, three novel picornaviruses provisionally called ovipi-, gopi- and bopivirus/Hun (MW298057-MW298059) from enteric samples of asymptomatic ovine, caprine and bovine respectively, were determined using RT-PCR and dye-terminator sequencing techniques. These monophyletic viruses share the same type II-like IRES, NPGP-type 2A, similar genome layout (4-3-4) and cre-localisations. Culture attempts of the study viruses, using six different cell lines, yielded no evidence of viral growth in vitro. Genomic and phylogenetic analyses show that bopivirus/Hun of bovine belongs to the species Bopivirus A, while the closely related ovine-origin ovipi- and caprine-origin gopivirus could belong to a novel species “Bopivirus B” in the genus Bopivirus. Epidemiological investigation of N = 269 faecal samples of livestock (ovine, caprine, bovine, swine and rabbit) from different farms in Hungary showed that bopiviruses were most prevalent among
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Multiple SARS-CoV-2 Introductions Shaped the Early Outbreak in Central Eastern Europe: Comparing Hungarian Data to a Worldwide Sequence Data-Matrix
- Author
-
Gábor Kemenesi, Safia Zeghbib, Balázs A Somogyi, Gábor Endre Tóth, Krisztián Bányai, Norbert Solymosi, Peter M Szabo, István Szabó, Ádám Bálint, Péter Urbán, Róbert Herczeg, Attila Gyenesei, Ágnes Nagy, Csaba István Pereszlényi, Gergely Csaba Babinszky, Gábor Dudás, Gabriella Terhes, Viktor Zöldi, Róbert Lovas, Szabolcs Tenczer, László Kornya, and Ferenc Jakab
- Subjects
phylodynamics ,network analysis ,SARS-CoV-2 ,human coronavirus ,pandemic ,outbreak ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 is the third highly pathogenic human coronavirus in history. Since the emergence in Hubei province, China, during late 2019, the situation evolved to pandemic level. Following China, Europe was the second epicenter of the pandemic. To better comprehend the detailed founder mechanisms of the epidemic evolution in Central-Eastern Europe, particularly in Hungary, we determined the full-length SARS-CoV-2 genomes from 32 clinical samples collected from laboratory confirmed COVID-19 patients over the first month of disease in Hungary. We applied a haplotype network analysis on all available complete genomic sequences of SARS-CoV-2 from GISAID database as of 21 April 2020. We performed additional phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses to achieve the recognition of multiple and parallel introductory events into our region. Here, we present a publicly available network imaging of the worldwide haplotype relations of SARS-CoV-2 sequences and conclude the founder mechanisms of the outbreak in Central-Eastern Europe.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. COMPARISON OF OEE-BASED MANUFACTURING PRODUCTIVITY METRICS
- Author
-
Ádám, Bálint Árpád, primary and Sebestyén, Zoltán, additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Candidate 'Avian orthoreovirus B': An emerging waterfowl pathogen in Europe and Asia?
- Author
-
Renáta Varga‐Kugler, Szilvia Marton, Ákos Thuma, Katalin Szentpáli‐Gavallér, Ádám Bálint, and Krisztián Bányai
- Subjects
Birds ,Orthoreovirus ,Ducks ,General Veterinary ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,Nucleotides ,Orthoreovirus, Avian ,Animals ,General Medicine ,Genome, Viral ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,Phylogeny ,Reoviridae Infections - Abstract
A fusogenic virus was isolated from a flock of breeder Pekin ducks in 2019, Hungary. The affected flock experienced a marked decrease in egg production. Histopathological lesions were seen in the oviduct and in the lungs of birds sent for diagnostic investigation. The fusogenic agent was characterized as an orthoreovirus by viral metagenomics. The assembled viral genome was composed of 10 genomic segments and was 23,433 nucleotides (nt) in length. The study strain, designated Reo/HUN/DuckDV/2019, shared low-to-medium gene-wise sequence identity with avian orthoreovirus strains from galliform and anseriform birds (nt, 38.90%-72.33%) as well as with representative strains of neoavian orthoreoviruses (nt, 40.07%-68.23%). On the contrary, the study strain shared 86.48%-95.01% pairwise nt sequence identities with recent German and Chinese reovirus isolates, D2533/6 and Ych, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis clustered all three unusual waterfowl pathogens on a monophyletic branch, indicating a common evolutionary origin of Reo/HUN/DuckDV/2019 with these enigmatic orthoreoviruses described over the past few years. The finding that a candidate new orthoreovirus species, tentatively called Avian orthoreovirus B, was isolated in recent years in Europe and Asia in moribund ducks seems an alarming sign that needs to be better evaluated by extending laboratory diagnosis of viral pathogens in countries where the waterfowl industry is important.
- Published
- 2022
26. Development of a farm-specific real-time quantitative RT-PCR assay for the detection and discrimination of wild-type porcine reproductive respiratory syndrome virus and the vaccine strain in a farm under eradication
- Author
-
Kinga Fornyos, István Szabó, Károly Lebhardt, and Ádám Bálint
- Subjects
General Veterinary - Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most important diseases of swine causing severe economic losses worldwide, therefore intensive efforts are taken to eliminate PRRS virus (PRRSV) from infected herds for complete eradication. The most efficient, fastest but at the same time the most expensive eradication method is depopulation-repopulation. In order to reduce costs, a number of farms prefer to perform their eradication process with continuous production using modified live vaccine (MLV) immunisation. However, the commercial PRRSV RT-PCR kits do not have the capacity to discriminate infected from vaccinated animals. In this paper, we describe a simple discriminatory duplex TaqMan RT-PCR assay based on common forward and reverse primers, as well as two differently labelled MLV- and wild-type PRRSV-specific probes. The discriminatory PCR test we designed is a fast and efficacious method for processing large quantities of samples. The assay is cheap, flexible, easy to apply in different herds using different MLVs, but should be checked, and can be modified based on the sequence data obtained during the permanent monitoring examinations. Owing to its simplicity the test can serve as a significant complementary assay for PRRS control and elimination/eradication.
- Published
- 2022
27. PRRS szempontjából „Mentes vakcinázott (MV)" minősítésű nagylétszámú, fialástól a vágásig típusú sertésállomány létrehozása.
- Author
-
Kinga, Fornyos, László, Szegedi, Patrícia, Nagy, Imre, Sántha, István, Makkai, László, Búza, Gergő, Kardos, Tamás, Molnár, Ádám, Bálint, and István, Szabó
- Subjects
LIVESTOCK breeding ,VACCINE effectiveness ,BIOINDICATORS ,SWINE farms ,LIVESTOCK breeds - Abstract
Copyright of Magyar Állatorvosok Lapja is the property of Herman Otto Intezet Nonprofit Kft. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. PRRS eradication from swine farms in five regions of Hungary
- Author
-
Tamás Molnár, Imre Nemes, Ádám Bálint, István Szabó, and Lajos Bognár
- Subjects
Swine Diseases ,Hungary ,0303 health sciences ,Veterinary medicine ,Farms ,Animal breeding ,General Veterinary ,Swine ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Continuous flow ,animal diseases ,Large herd ,Vaccination ,Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Biology ,030308 mycology & parasitology ,0403 veterinary science ,03 medical and health sciences ,Herd ,Animals ,Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus ,Pig farms - Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) causes significant losses to the swine industry worldwide, which leads to launching eradication programmes. The PRRS eradication programme in Hungary is based on the territorial principle, and it is obligatory for each swine farm irrespective of the number of animals kept there. Hungary has an exceptionally large herd size in large-scale pig farms. Large fattening farms operate as all-in/all-out or continuous flow systems. The large-scale breeding herds are predominantly farrow-to-finish types. In large-scale breeding farms, PRRS eradication was carried out by the depopulation-repopulation method in 33 farms, of which 23 received state compensation, 18 farm units either finished production or changed to producing fatteners only. Two farms used the test and removal method for eradication. One farm was classified as ‘vaccinated free’. At this farm the breeding animals are vaccinated continuously but there is no vaccination of the progeny at any age, and the PRRS-free status of the farm is strictly controlled and monitored. By 31 December 2019, all pigs in five euroregions of Hungary had become free from PRRS virus, while the PRRS eradication process is still ongoing in the remaining two regions.
- Published
- 2020
29. Coding-complete genome sequencing suggests that Newcastle disease virus challenge strain Herts’33 (IVMP) may represent a distinct genotype
- Author
-
Szilvia Marton, Ádám Bálint, Enikő Fehér, Krisztián Bányai, Krisztina Bali, and Sándor Belák
- Subjects
animal structures ,Genotyping Techniques ,animal diseases ,viruses ,Newcastle disease virus ,Genome, Viral ,Newcastle disease ,Virus ,Evolution, Molecular ,03 medical and health sciences ,Annotated Sequence Record ,Virology ,Genotype ,Phylogeny ,030304 developmental biology ,Whole genome sequencing ,0303 health sciences ,Whole Genome Sequencing ,biology ,Phylogenetic tree ,030306 microbiology ,Strain (biology) ,Nucleic acid sequence ,General Medicine ,biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition ,biology.organism_classification ,GenBank ,embryonic structures - Abstract
We determined the genomic sequence of a Newcastle disease virus (NDV) line obtained directly from the first NDV isolate, named Herts’33. This strain shared ≤ 90% nucleotide sequence identity with the NDV sequences available in the GenBank database, and formed a distinct branch in a phylogenetic tree. This branch may be considered to represent a separate NDV genotype. Our study indicates that investigation of the genomic sequences of old NDV strains that originated from the early outbreaks of Newcastle disease may alter the phylogenetic grouping of the NDV strains and provide data on the evolution of viral genomes over time.
- Published
- 2019
30. Genomic Epidemiology and Evolution of Duck Hepatitis A Virus
- Author
-
Borbála Nagy, Vilmos Palya, Szilvia Jakab, Krisztián Bányai, Enikő Fehér, Eszter Kaszab, Ádám Bálint, Katalin Ihász, and Krisztina Bali
- Subjects
Serotype ,medicine.medical_specialty ,duck hepatitis A virus ,Picornavirus ,Genome, Viral ,Microbiology ,Hepatitis Virus, Duck ,Evolution, Molecular ,Virology ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,Animals ,Duck hepatitis A virus ,Phylogeny ,Poultry Diseases ,Genetics ,Recombination, Genetic ,Hungary ,biology ,Brief Report ,Outbreak ,Genomics ,biology.organism_classification ,recombination ,QR1-502 ,Infectious Diseases ,Ducks ,GenBank ,Hepatitis, Viral, Animal ,Biological dispersal ,Recombination - Abstract
Duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV), an avian picornavirus, causes high-mortality acute disease in ducklings. Among the three serotypes, DHAV-1 is globally distributed, whereas DHAV-2 and DHAV-3 serotypes are chiefly restricted to Southeast Asia. In this study, we analyzed the genomic evolution of DHAV-1 strains using extant GenBank records and genomic sequences of 10 DHAV-1 strains originating from a large disease outbreak in 2004–2005, in Hungary. Recombination analysis revealed intragenotype recombination within DHAV-1 as well as intergenotype recombination events involving DHAV-1 and DHAV-3 strains. The intergenotype recombination occurred in the VP0 region. Diversifying selection seems to act at sites of certain genomic regions. Calculations estimated slightly lower rates of evolution of DHAV-1 (mean rates for individual protein coding regions, 5.6286 × 10−4 to 1.1147 × 10−3 substitutions per site per year) compared to other picornaviruses. The observed evolutionary mechanisms indicate that whole-genome-based analysis of DHAV strains is needed to better understand the emergence of novel strains and their geographical dispersal.
- Published
- 2021
31. KOLLABORATÍV ROBOTKARRA ILLESZTHETŐ SOFTMEGFOGÓ TERVEZÉSE ÉS VIZSGÁLATA.
- Author
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Attila, Mészáros, Margaréta, Vajda, Ádám, Bálint, and József, Sárosi
- Abstract
Copyright of Current Social & Economic Processes / Jelenkori Társadalmi és Gazdasági Folyamatok is the property of University of Szeged, Faculty of Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. A csirkék fertőző bronchitisét okozó coronavírus genetikai vonalainak földrajzi elterjedése.
- Author
-
Krisztina, Bali, Ádám, Bálint, and Krisztián, Bányai
- Subjects
AVIAN infectious bronchitis virus ,VIRUS diseases ,COMMUNICABLE diseases ,POULTRY industry ,RESPIRATORY diseases - Abstract
Copyright of Magyar Állatorvosok Lapja is the property of Herman Otto Intezet Nonprofit Kft. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Elimination of PRRS Using An Inactivated Vaccine in Combination With A Roll-Over Method in A Hungarian Large-Scale Pig Herd
- Author
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János Farkas, Attila Pertich, Mihály Albert, Orsolya Makai, István Szabó, Ádám Bálint, Zoltán Barna, and Tamás Molnár
- Subjects
Scale (ratio) ,business.industry ,animal diseases ,Inactivated vaccine ,Herd ,Biology ,business ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Background:Four countries are free from the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in Europe, a virus that causes severe economic losses worldwide. A number of countries have initiated eradication programmes against the disease. Among the applied methods, complete depopulation-repopulation is the safest and fastest but at the same time the most expensive process. Another possible way of heard eradication is to replace the infected breading stock by gilts reared PRRSV free on the infected farm. This way maintaining continued farm production. In this paper, the authors present a successful complex method of eradication (including the application of an inactivated vaccine and segregated rearing of offspring) in a Hungarian large scale pig farm. Case presentation:A farm of 1475 sows (Farm A) was infected with PRRSV and the clinical signs of reproductive failure were eliminated by using an inactivated vaccine (Progressis®, Ceva). At the beginning of eradication, gilts selected for breeding were vaccinated at 60 and 90–100 days of age, respectively. The subsequent vaccinations of breeding animals were applied at 6 months of age, on the 60–70th day of pregnancy and at weaning. The 7weeks-old piglets of the vaccinated sows, approximately 1200 piglets were transported in groups of 300 animals to a closed, empty farm (Farm B) after a testing negative with PCR, and they were reared here until 14 weeks of age. These seronegative gilts were subsequently transported to a third, closed, empty farm (Farm C), and (having reached the breeding age) they were inseminated here after a negative serological test (ELISA). At the same time, Farm A was depopulated, cleaned and disinfected. All pregnant gilts were transported from Farm C to Farm A after being tested negative with ELISA, where follow-up was performed after farrowing by two serological tests with an interval of six months. Based on the subsequent negative test results, the competent authority declared the herd PRRSV free. Conclusions:The farm presented in this study was the first in the course of the National PRRS Eradication Programme to eradicate PRRSV successfully by vaccinating the sows with an inactivated vaccine and performing segregated rearing of the offspring. Production was almost continuous during the whole process of the population replacement. Testing for monitoring purposes was also cheaper and simpler because of the use of an inactivated vaccine.
- Published
- 2021
34. Avian coronavirus infection induces mannose-binding lectin production in dendritic cell precursors of chicken lymphoid organs
- Author
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Zsófia Benyeda, Krisztina Minkó, Ádám Bálint, Attila Farsang, Ildikó Bódi, Orsolya Fölker, and Imre Oláh
- Subjects
040301 veterinary sciences ,chemical and pharmacologic phenomena ,Spleen ,medicine.disease_cause ,Avian Proteins ,0403 veterinary science ,03 medical and health sciences ,Antigen ,medicine ,Animals ,Cecum ,Poultry Diseases ,030304 developmental biology ,Coronavirus ,Mannan-binding lectin ,0303 health sciences ,General Veterinary ,biology ,Lectin ,Dendritic Cells ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Dendritic cell ,bacterial infections and mycoses ,Molecular biology ,Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms ,Mannose-Binding Lectins ,Lymphatic system ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,biology.protein ,Coronavirus Infections ,Gammacoronavirus ,Chickens ,Periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths - Abstract
The aim of this immunocytochemical study was to compare mannose-binding lectin (MBL) production induced by avian coronavirus in the spleen and caecal tonsil (CT). One-day-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens were experimentally infected with six QX field isolates and the H120 vaccine strain. In the negative control birds, the spleen was MBL negative, while the CT showed scattered MBL-positive cells in close proximity and within the surface epithelium and germinal centre (GC)-like cell clusters. MBL was detectable in the ellipsoid-associated cells (EACs) and cell clusters in the periarterial lymphoid sheath (PALS) by 7 days post infection (dpi). In both organs, the MBL-positive cells occupy antigen-exposed areas, indicating that GC formation depends on resident precursors of dendritic cells. The majority of MBL-positive EACs express the CD83 antigen, providing evidence that coronavirus infection facilitated the maturation of dendritic cell precursors. Surprisingly, co-localisation of MBL and CD83 was not detectable in the CT. In the spleen (associated with circulation), the EACs producing MBL and expressing CD83 are a common precursor of both follicular (FDC) and interdigitating dendritic cells (IDC). In the CT (gut-associated lymphoid tissue, GALT) the precursors of FDC and IDC are MBL-producing cells and CD83-positive cells, respectively. In the CT the two separate precursors of lymphoid dendritic cells provide some ‘autonomy’ for the GALT.
- Published
- 2019
35. Comparative in vivo analysis of recombinant type II feline coronaviruses with truncated and completed ORF3 region.
- Author
-
Ádám Bálint, Attila Farsang, Zoltán Zádori, and Sándor Belák
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Our previous in vitro comparative study on a feline coronavirus (FCoV) pair, differing only in the intactness of their ORF3abc regions, showed that the truncated ORF3abc plays an important role in the efficient macrophage/monocyte tropism of type II feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV). In the present study, we describe a challenge experiment with the same recombinant FCoVs in order to gain data on the in vivo characteristics on these viruses. While parent virus FIPV DF-2 developed feline infectious peritonitis in all the infected cats, its recombinant virus PBFIPV-DF-2, differing only in seven nucleotides, proved to be surprisingly low virulent, although caused an acute febrile episode similarly to the original FIPV DF-2. PBFIPV-DF-2 infection induced significantly lower virus neutralization titers than its parent virus, and lacked the second phase of viremia and development of fatal course of the disease. The recombinant PBFIPV-DF-2-R3i with completed ORF3abc gained biological properties that differentiate between the feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) and FIPV biotypes such as intensive replication in the gut, absence of viremia and weak or no serological response. Using reverse genetic approaches our study is the first experimental proof that ORF3abc is indeed responsible for the restriction of FECV replication to the intestine in vivo.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Synthesis and Spectrophotometric Studies of 9‐Substituted‐4,5‐dimethoxyacridine Multifunctionalizable Fluorescent Dyes and Their Macrocyclic Derivatives
- Author
-
Golcs, Ádám, primary, Ádám, Bálint Árpád, additional, Vezse, Panna, additional, Huszthy, Péter, additional, and Tóth, Tünde, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Multiple Types of Novel Enteric Bopiviruses (Picornaviridae) with the Possibility of Interspecies Transmission Identified from Cloven-Hoofed Domestic Livestock (Ovine, Caprine and Bovine) in Hungary
- Author
-
Péter Pankovics, Zoltán László, Gábor Reuter, Ádám Bálint, Ákos Boros, Attila Cságola, and Mihály Albert
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Picornavirus ,030106 microbiology ,Picornaviridae ,lcsh:QR1-502 ,RT-PCR ,Genome ,lcsh:Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Monophyly ,bopivirus ,Phylogenetics ,IRES ,Virology ,Genotype ,caprine ,Phylogenetic tree ,biology ,bovine ,biology.organism_classification ,livestock ,phylogenetics ,ovine ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious Diseases ,picornavirus ,Capsid ,epidemiology - Abstract
Most picornaviruses of the family Picornaviridae are relatively well known, but there are certain &ldquo, neglected&rdquo, genera like Bopivirus, containing a single uncharacterised sequence (bopivirus A1, KM589358) with very limited background information. In this study, three novel picornaviruses provisionally called ovipi-, gopi- and bopivirus/Hun (MW298057-MW298059) from enteric samples of asymptomatic ovine, caprine and bovine respectively, were determined using RT-PCR and dye-terminator sequencing techniques. These monophyletic viruses share the same type II-like IRES, NPGP-type 2A, similar genome layout (4-3-4) and cre-localisations. Culture attempts of the study viruses, using six different cell lines, yielded no evidence of viral growth in vitro. Genomic and phylogenetic analyses show that bopivirus/Hun of bovine belongs to the species Bopivirus A, while the closely related ovine-origin ovipi- and caprine-origin gopivirus could belong to a novel species &ldquo, Bopivirus B&rdquo, in the genus Bopivirus. Epidemiological investigation of N = 269 faecal samples of livestock (ovine, caprine, bovine, swine and rabbit) from different farms in Hungary showed that bopiviruses were most prevalent among <, 12-month-old ovine, caprine and bovine, but undetectable in swine and rabbit. VP1 capsid-based phylogenetic analyses revealed the presence of multiple lineages/genotypes, including closely related ovine/caprine strains, suggesting the possibility of ovine&ndash, caprine interspecies transmission of certain bopiviruses.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Multiple Types of Novel Enteric Bopiviruses (
- Author
-
Zoltán, László, Péter, Pankovics, Gábor, Reuter, Attila, Cságola, Ádám, Bálint, Mihály, Albert, and Ákos, Boros
- Subjects
Hungary ,Sheep ,Goats ,bovine ,RT-PCR ,Genome, Viral ,Picornaviridae ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Article ,livestock ,phylogenetics ,Phylogeography ,bopivirus ,ovine ,picornavirus ,IRES ,caprine ,Animals ,RNA, Viral ,Cattle ,epidemiology ,Amino Acid Sequence - Abstract
Most picornaviruses of the family Picornaviridae are relatively well known, but there are certain “neglected” genera like Bopivirus, containing a single uncharacterised sequence (bopivirus A1, KM589358) with very limited background information. In this study, three novel picornaviruses provisionally called ovipi-, gopi- and bopivirus/Hun (MW298057-MW298059) from enteric samples of asymptomatic ovine, caprine and bovine respectively, were determined using RT-PCR and dye-terminator sequencing techniques. These monophyletic viruses share the same type II-like IRES, NPGP-type 2A, similar genome layout (4-3-4) and cre-localisations. Culture attempts of the study viruses, using six different cell lines, yielded no evidence of viral growth in vitro. Genomic and phylogenetic analyses show that bopivirus/Hun of bovine belongs to the species Bopivirus A, while the closely related ovine-origin ovipi- and caprine-origin gopivirus could belong to a novel species “Bopivirus B” in the genus Bopivirus. Epidemiological investigation of N = 269 faecal samples of livestock (ovine, caprine, bovine, swine and rabbit) from different farms in Hungary showed that bopiviruses were most prevalent among
- Published
- 2020
39. Investigations on spreading of PRRSV among swine herds by improved minimum spanning network analysis
- Author
-
Péter Szabó, Ádám Bálint, Sándor Kecskeméti, Tamás Molnár, István Szabó, and Dóra Szalay
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Genotype ,Swine ,Evolution ,Molecular biology ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Computer science ,Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome ,Gene regulatory network ,lcsh:Medicine ,Diseases ,Computational biology ,Article ,0403 veterinary science ,03 medical and health sciences ,Viral Envelope Proteins ,Animals ,Network application ,Gene Regulatory Networks ,Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus ,lcsh:Science ,Phylogeny ,Multidisciplinary ,Phylogenetic tree ,biology ,lcsh:R ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus ,biology.organism_classification ,Tree diagram ,Computational biology and bioinformatics ,030104 developmental biology ,Herd ,lcsh:Q ,Network analysis - Abstract
In Hungary, the economic losses caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) led to the launching of a national PRRSV Eradication Program. An important element of the program was investigating the spread of PRRSV among swine herds and the possible ways of introduction by sequencing of the open reading frame 5 (ORF5) gene. However, the classical phylogenetic tree presentation cannot explain several genetic relationships clearly, while more precise visualization can be represented by network tree diagram. In this paper, we describe a practical and easy-to-follow enriched minimum spanning similarity network application for improved representation of phylogenetic relations among viral strains. This method eliminated the necessity of applying a predefined, arbitrary cut-off or computationally extensive algorithms. The network-based visualization allowed processing and visualizing large amount of data equally for the laboratory, private and official veterinarians, and helped identify the potential connections between different viral sequences that support data-driven decisions in the eradication program. By applying network analysis, previously unknown epidemiological connections between infected herds were identified, and virus spreading was analyzed within short period of time. In our study, we successfully built and applied network analysis tools in the course of the Hungarian PRRSV Eradication Program.
- Published
- 2020
40. CpG distribution and methylation pattern in porcine parvovirus.
- Author
-
Renáta Tóth, István Mészáros, Rajmund Stefancsik, Dániel Bartha, Ádám Bálint, and Zoltán Zádori
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Based on GC content and the observed/expected CpG ratio (oCpGr), we found three major groups among the members of subfamily Parvovirinae: Group I parvoviruses with low GC content and low oCpGr values, Group II with low GC content and high oCpGr values and Group III with high GC content and high oCpGr values. Porcine parvovirus belongs to Group I and it features an ascendant CpG distribution by position in its coding regions similarly to the majority of the parvoviruses. The entire PPV genome remains hypomethylated during the viral lifecycle independently from the tissue of origin. In vitro CpG methylation of the genome has a modest inhibitory effect on PPV replication. The in vitro hypermethylation disappears from the replicating PPV genome suggesting that beside the maintenance DNMT1 the de novo DNMT3a and DNMT3b DNA methyltransferases can't methylate replicating PPV DNA effectively either, despite that the PPV infection does not seem to influence the expression, translation or localization of the DNA methylases. SNP analysis revealed high mutability of the CpG sites in the PPV genome, while introduction of 29 extra CpG sites into the genome has no significant biological effects on PPV replication in vitro. These experiments raise the possibility that beyond natural selection mutational pressure may also significantly contribute to the low level of the CpG sites in the PPV genome.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. In Vitro and in Vivo Evaluation of Mutations in the NS Region of Lineage 2 West Nile Virus Associated with Neuroinvasiveness in a Mammalian Model
- Author
-
Katalin Szentpáli-Gavallér, Stephanie M. Lim, László Dencső, Krisztián Bányai, Penelope Koraka, Albert D.M.E. Osterhaus, Byron E.E. Martina, Tamás Bakonyi, and Ádám Bálint
- Subjects
West Nile virus ,lineage 2 ,virulence markers ,infectious clone ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) strains may differ significantly in neuroinvasiveness in vertebrate hosts. In contrast to genetic lineage 1 WNVs, molecular determinants of pathogenic lineage 2 strains have not been experimentally confirmed so far. A full-length infectious clone of a neurovirulent WNV lineage 2 strain (578/10; Central Europe) was generated and amino acid substitutions that have been shown to attenuate lineage 1 WNVs were introduced into the nonstructural proteins (NS1 (P250L), NS2A (A30P), NS3 (P249H) NS4B (P38G, C102S, E249G)). The mouse neuroinvasive phenotype of each mutant virus was examined following intraperitoneal inoculation of C57BL/6 mice. Only the NS1-P250L mutation was associated with a significant attenuation of virulence in mice compared to the wild-type. Multiplication kinetics in cell culture revealed significantly lower infectious virus titres for the NS1 mutant compared to the wild-type, as well as significantly lower amounts of positive and negative stranded RNA.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Multiple SARS-CoV-2 introductions shaped the early outbreak in Central Eastern Europe: comparing Hungarian data to a worldwide sequence data-matrix
- Author
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Attila Gyenesei, Gergely Csaba Babinszky, Ágnes Nagy, Péter Urbán, Gabor Toth, István Szabó, Krisztián Bányai, Róbert Herczeg, Gábor Kemenesi, Viktor Zöldi, Gábor Dudás, Péter Szabó, Csaba István Pereszlényi, Ferenc Jakab, Norbert Solymosi, László Kornya, Balázs Somogyi, Róbert Lovas, Ádám Bálint, Safia Zeghbib, Gabriella Terhes, and Szabolcs Tenczer
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,China ,Central eastern europe ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,lcsh:QR1-502 ,Oropharynx ,Genome, Viral ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,lcsh:Microbiology ,Article ,Disease Outbreaks ,03 medical and health sciences ,Data sequences ,Virology ,Pandemic ,Humans ,Gene Regulatory Networks ,Europe, Eastern ,network analysis ,human coronavirus ,Hungary ,Phylogenetic tree ,outbreak ,SARS-CoV-2 ,pandemic ,Haplotype ,Outbreak ,COVID-19 ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,phylodynamics ,Europe ,Phylogeography ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious Diseases ,Geography ,Evolutionary biology ,RNA, Viral - Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 is the third highly pathogenic human coronavirus in history. Since the emergence in Hubei province, China, during late 2019 the situation evolved to pandemic level. Following China, Europe was the second epicenter of the pandemic. To better comprehend the detailed founder mechanisms of the epidemic evolution in Central-Eastern Europe, particularly in Hungary, we determined the full-length SARS-CoV-2 genomes from 32 clinical samples collected from laboratory confirmed COVID-19 patients over the first month of disease in Hungary. We applied a haplotype network analysis on all available complete genomic sequences of SARS-CoV-2 from GISAID database as of the 21th of April, 2020. We performed additional phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses to achieve the recognition of multiple and parallel introductory events into our region. Here we present a publicly available network imaging of the worldwide haplotype relations of SARS-CoV-2 sequences and conclude the founder mechanisms of the outbreak in Central-Eastern Europe.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Detection of African swine fever virus in cell culture and wild boar tissues using a commercially available monoclonal antibody
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Gabriella Locsmándi, Erika Bakcsa, Károly Erdélyi, István Mészáros, Zoltán Zádori, Levente Szeredi, Ferenc Olasz, and Ádám Bálint
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,biology ,medicine.drug_class ,030106 microbiology ,Immunocytochemistry ,Outbreak ,Monoclonal antibody ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,African swine fever virus ,Virus ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,Capsid ,Cell culture ,medicine ,Immunohistochemistry - Abstract
Following the introduction of African swine fever virus (ASFV) into Europe in 2007, ASFV infection has spread continuously over the past years and it became a high level disease threat in Europe and also Asia. Examination of suspect clinical cases for ASF with rapid and sensitive laboratory methods can substantially contribute to the detection and characterization of new outbreaks. In this study two sensitive tests were developed for the detection of the p72 major capsid protein of ASFV both in cell culture with an immunocytochemical (IC) and in tissue samples with an immunohistochemical (IHC) method using a commercially available mouse monoclonal antibody (clone 1BC11). The IC test was able to detect the virus at high virus dilutions in cell culture and the IHC test indicated the presence of ASFV in all formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue samples collected from two wild boars. The reported IC and IHC methods were found to be useful ancillary laboratory tests for research purposes and for the diagnosis of acute ASF.
- Published
- 2020
44. Molecular epidemiology and phylodynamics of goose haemorrhagic polyomavirus
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Szilvia Marton, Attila Farsang, Ádám Dán, Krisztián Bányai, Enikő Fehér, Ádám Bálint, and Eszter Kaszab
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040301 veterinary sciences ,Biology ,Anser anser ,Virus ,Enteritis ,0403 veterinary science ,03 medical and health sciences ,Goose ,biology.animal ,Geese ,medicine ,Animals ,Phylogeny ,Poultry Diseases ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Hungary ,Molecular Epidemiology ,Polyomavirus Infections ,General Veterinary ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,Molecular epidemiology ,Phylogenetic tree ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,Polyomaviridae ,Tumor Virus Infections ,Viral phylodynamics ,Ducks ,Polyomavirus - Abstract
Goose haemorrhagic polyomavirus (GHPV, or Anser anser polyomavirus 1) is a small dsDNA virus of the Polyomaviridae family. The virus infects the internal organs causing haemorrhagic nephritis and enteritis of geese that may be fatal for goslings. In this study, GHPV positivity was examined in goose and duck samples collected in Hungary between 2005 and 2019. In this period, 384 of the investigated 1,111 specimens were diagnosed as GHPV-positive by PCR assay. Twenty-two GHPV genomes were sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis. Based on the sequence data, the mean evolutionary rates were estimated 6.57 × 10-6 -5.82 × 10-5 s/s/y for both GHPV complete genomes and individual genes, with negative selection acting on each gene. When GHPV VP1 sequences originating from wild birds were also included in the analyses, the nt and aa mutations inflated the substitution rate to 1.54 × 10-4 s/s/y that may imply adaptation of the virus to novel host species. Our data suggested the co-circulation of various GHPV strains in Hungarian goose farms; the source of these may be persistently infected domesticated or migratory wild birds. Detection and characterization of GHPV in wild birds and domestic waterfowls may help to elaborate new strategies for more effective disease control and prevention.
- Published
- 2020
45. Cellular localisation of the proteins of region 3 of feline enteric coronavirus
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Ferenc Olasz, Sándor Belák, Ákos Hornyák, Enikő Kádár-Hürkecz, Zoltán Zádori, Ádám Bálint, and István Mészáros
- Subjects
Gene Expression Regulation, Viral ,0301 basic medicine ,Feline coronavirus ,Cell type ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Cell Line ,0403 veterinary science ,Viral Proteins ,03 medical and health sciences ,medicine ,Animals ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Coronavirus, Feline ,Nuclear membrane ,ORFS ,Coronavirus ,General Veterinary ,Activator (genetics) ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Cell biology ,Protein Transport ,Open reading frame ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Cytoplasm ,Cats - Abstract
Feline enteric coronaviruses have three open reading frames (ORFs) in region 3 (3a, 3b, and 3c). All three ORFs were expressed with C-terminal eGFP and 3xFLAG tags in different cell lines and their localisation was determined. ORF 3a is predicted to contain DNA-binding and transcription activator domains, and it is localised in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm. ORF 3b is also predicted to contain DNA-binding and activator domains, and was found to localise in the mitochondrion. Besides that, in some of the non-infected and FIPV-infected cells nucleolar, perinuclear or nuclear membrane accumulation of the eGFP-tagged 3b was observed. The exact compartmental localisation of ORF 3c is yet to be determined. However, based on our co-localisation studies 3c does not seem to be localised in the ER-Golgi network, ERGIC or peroxisomes. The expression of 3c-eGFP is clearly cell type dependent, it is more stable in MARC 145 cells than in Fcwf-4 or CrFK cells, which might reflectin vivostability differences of 3c in natural target cells (enterocytes vs. monocytes/macrophages).
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- 2018
46. Eradication of PRRS from backyard swine herds in Hungary between 2012 and 2018
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Tamás Molnár, Ádám Bálint, Tamás Abonyi, István Szabó, Zsolt Terjék, and Imre Nemes
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International market ,0303 health sciences ,education.field_of_study ,Hungary ,General Veterinary ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Swine ,animal diseases ,Member states ,Population ,Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,030308 mycology & parasitology ,0403 veterinary science ,03 medical and health sciences ,Geography ,Herd ,Prevalence ,Animals ,Female ,Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus ,Animal Husbandry ,Disease Eradication ,education ,Socioeconomics - Abstract
In the EU Member States with a traditionally significant pig industry, the prevalence of PRRS infections is high. Therefore, the Pig Strategy of the Government of Hungary prioritises eradication of PRRSV in Hungary. For the first time among the EU Member States, a National PRRS Eradication Programme was introduced in order to reach a more efficient, economical and competitive international market position. Although its significance has decreased in recent decades, 20% of the Hungarian pig population is still kept on small-scale (backyard) farms (< 100 animals). The prevalence of PRRSV in backyard farms was 3.9% at the beginning of the programme. The present paper details the measures applied during the different phases of the programme in backyard farms. During all the phases, serological testing of the breeding animals of the registered small-scale herds was performed, including the highest number of individual animals. Seropositive individuals were tested by PCR and were removed from the backyard farm within the framework of official measures. By sequencing the identified PRRS strains, the possible epidemic relationships between small-scale and large-scale farms were continuously monitored. As a result of the programme, PRRS-free status of the small-scale herds was achieved by the end of 2015, and this status was maintained in 2016-2018.
- Published
- 2019
47. Kezdeti tapasztalatok az amplikonmélyszekvenálás PRRS-mentesítési programba történő integrálásával kapcsolatban.
- Author
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Szilvia, Jakab, Szilvia, Marton, István, Szabó, Sándor, Kecskeméti, Ádám, Bálint, and Krisztián, Bányai
- Subjects
PORCINE reproductive & respiratory syndrome ,SWINE farms ,MIXED infections ,DAUGHTER ions ,PREVENTIVE medicine - Abstract
Copyright of Magyar Állatorvosok Lapja is the property of Herman Otto Intezet Nonprofit Kft. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
48. Synthesis, Molecular Recognition Study and Liquid Membrane-Based Applications of Highly Lipophilic Enantiopure Acridino-Crown Ethers
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Golcs, Ádám, primary, Ádám, Bálint Árpád, additional, Horváth, Viola, additional, Tóth, Tünde, additional, and Huszthy, Péter, additional
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Characterisation of the nucleic acid binding features of the PRRSV 7ap and its ability to induce antinuclear antibodies
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Tibor Magyar, Zoltán Zádori, Sándor Belák, Béla Dénes, Ádám Bálint, and Ferenc Olasz
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Gene Expression Regulation, Viral ,0301 basic medicine ,Anti-nuclear antibody ,Swine ,Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome ,Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay ,Mice ,03 medical and health sciences ,Blood serum ,Animals ,Humans ,Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus ,Gene ,General Veterinary ,biology ,RNA ,DNA ,Nucleocapsid Proteins ,Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus ,biology.organism_classification ,Molecular biology ,Recombinant Proteins ,Open reading frame ,030104 developmental biology ,Antibodies, Antinuclear ,Nucleic acid ,biology.protein ,Immunization ,Antibody ,Protein Binding - Abstract
A short alternative open reading frame named ORF7a has recently been discovered within the nucleocapsid gene of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) genome. Proteins (7ap) translated from the ORF7a of two divergent strains — a type I and a type II — are able to completely reduce the motility of nucleic acids at relatively high molar charge ratios in gel retardation assays indicating strong dsDNA- and ssRNA-binding capability. Conserved RNA- and DNA-binding properties suggest that nucleic acid binding is a functional property of the divergent 7aps, and not an arbitrary consequence of their net positive charge. Sera from Hu7ap-immunised pigs and mice did not react with Hu7ap or Hu7ap-GFP; however, antinuclear antibodies were detected in the sera of the immunised animals, suggesting an ability of Hu7ap to interact with or mimic autoantigenic macromolecules.
- Published
- 2017
50. Nagylétszámú sertéstenyészállományok sikeres PRRS-mentesítése Magyarország 5 régiójában 2012-2019.
- Author
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Tamás, Abonyi, Tamás, Molnár, Imre, Nemes, István, Szabó, Zsolt, Terjék, Lajos, Bognár, and Ádám, Bálint
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PORCINE reproductive & respiratory syndrome ,SWINE farms ,ANIMAL herds ,ANIMAL breeding ,SWINE industry - Abstract
Copyright of Magyar Állatorvosok Lapja is the property of Herman Otto Intezet Nonprofit Kft. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
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