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Liquid phase direct amination of phenols to primary anilines with hydrazine was achieved using commercial NiLa-perovskite catalysts as bifunctional Lewis acid/redox-active catalysts without adding any external hydride sources. The amination strategy took place efficiently in the absence of any amount of reducing gasses (H2/NH3) and noble metals under mild conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new pyrenylbenzylidene–malononitrile (P2) was successfully synthesized via the Suzuki coupling reaction and Knoevenagel condensation using nano Cu as a catalyst. The compound P2 could detect hydrazine in 10% THF–PBS, pH 7.4, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 19.46 nM. Moreover, the P2–CA nanofibrous sheets were fabricated by combining compound P2 and cellulose acetate. The LOD of P2–CA nanofibrous sheets was found to be 0.02% w/v for hydrazine detection. The quantity of hydrazine vapor was recognized and quantified by analyzing fluorescence images acquired with a smartphone camera and a portable blacklight lamp that generates light with a wavelength of 365 nm using the ImageJ application. The concentration range of 0.025–1% w/v was accurately determined by employing ImageJ for fluorescence image analysis. Both compound P2 and P2–CA nanofibrous sheets are selective for hydrazine. Also, the mechanism of compound P2 and hydrazine was studied via1H NMR titration, FT-IR experiments and DFT calculations. In addition, the P2–CA nanofibrous sheet has the ability to detect hydrazine vapor in actual samples collected from the environment. Hence, the compound P2 and P2–CA nanofibrous sheets have significant promise as highly effective sensors for detecting hydrazine in water across many environments and industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrazine hydrate and hydrogen peroxide are both important raw materials for industrial production and have a wide range of applications in several fields. Owing to their damage to the human body and cellular functions by excessive exposure or ingestion, it is essential to develop an efficient and rapid assay for the detection of hydrazine hydrate and hydrogen peroxide. Fluorescence switches have been applied in many fields including for metal ion detection. However, the assembly of Prussian blue (PB) and carbon quantum dots (CDs) has never been reported for the fabrication of a fluorescence switch for the detection of hydrazine and hydrogen peroxide. In this work, a fluorescent switch PB@CD/SiO2 based on PB and CDs was constructed, which could be used as a detection platform for hydrazine hydrate and hydrogen peroxide. The surface of PB was coated with a silica layer, which contained CDs to fabricate PB@CD/SiO2 nanoparticles. The composite demonstrated reversible switching between fluorescence quenching and recovering states through the mutual conversion of PB and Prussian white (PW). The prepared composite was utilized for the detection of N2H4 and H2O2 by fluorescence spectroscopy and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. It is worth-mentioning that the detection limit for N2H4 is calculated to be 0.15 μM (fluorescence) and the detection limit for H2O2 can reach 0.93 μM (UV). Moreover, both detection methods showed low detection limits, wide detection ranges and a short response time for N2H4 and H2O2. The proposed fluorescence switch system exhibits good performance towards the dual-spectral determination of hydrazine and hydrogen peroxide by fluorescence spectroscopy and UV-vis spectroscopy, which may be beneficial for further application in practical fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corrosion of mild steel has gained a lot of attention by many industries and academia. This study was aimed to find the corrosion inhibition properties of hydrazine and its 11 derived molecules for mild steel using computational method, namely, the density functional theory with Beck 3‐parameter Lee Yang and Parr functional along with the 6‐311++G (d, p) basis set using simple quantum chemical parameters. The main quantum chemical parameters were energies of highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals and their energy gap, dipole moment, hardness, softness, electrophilicity index, the fractions of electrons transmitted, the change energy back‐donation, electron‐donating power, electron‐accepting power, molecular electrostatic potential, and Fukui function as well as polarizability. The results indicated that hydrazine derivatives have good anticorrosion nature which is consistent with the experimental findings. Out of the 12 target inhibitor molecules, N′‐(3‐nitrobenzylidene) hydrazine carbodithioic acid (NBHCA) and N′‐(4‐dimethylaminobenzylidene) hydrazine carbodithioic acid (DABHCA) are the most effective inhibitors. According to the value of the quantum chemical parameters, EHOMO, ΔEgap, Χ, η, σ, ε, ΔN, α, and ΔEb-d DABHCA showed the top effective anticorrosion inhibitor, and by the value of the quantum chemical parameters, ELUMO, TE, ω−, and ω+ NBHCA showed an effective anticorrosion inhibitor. The quantum chemical parameter data showed that NBHCA and DABHCA are nearly equivalent in their values, which is consistent with experimental values. Furthermore, a multiple‐linear regression equation was proposed as a quantitative structural activity relationship model to relate the calculated molecular descriptors of hydrazine derivatives to their experimental inhibition efficiencies obtained from literature. As a result, this model showed an excellent accuracy with an R‐squared of 0.924 and this uses to predict inhibition efficiencies of another molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we developed a nitrate-coordinated iron–nickel hydroxide [NC–FeNi(OH)2] catalyst for hydrazine oxidation-assisted seawater splitting. Replacement of O2 evolution by hydrazine oxidation in a two-electrode setup resulted in a cell voltage of 1.20 V at 100 mA cm−2. This represents a voltage reduction of 470 mV compared to conventional seawater splitting. Additionally, NC–FeNi(OH)2 demonstrated remarkable stability over a period of 60 hours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrazine, a compound known for its toxicity to human health and the environment, finds extensive use across various industries and potentially contributes to several diseases. Hence, the accurate measurement of hydrazine levels is paramount. This study introduces three new aggregation induced emissive luminogens (AIEgens) GBY-7, GBY-8, and GBY-9 crafted from benzofuran infused with a dicyanovinylidene group, tailored specifically for hydrazine monitoring. These probes feature a D–π–A core with a rotor, providing an optimal fluorescent base. Additionally, a potent electron-attracting nitrile group aids in the nucleophilic addition of N2H4 to form hydrazone, thereby blocking the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) process and inducing optical signal modulation. Notably, luminogens GBY-8 and GBY-9 exhibit high selectivity in detecting hydrazine amidst competing amine-based compounds, showing detection limits of 0.00020 mM and 0.0043 mM, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Direct hydrazine fuel cells (DHFC) insist on the evolved and persistent electrocatalysts for anodic hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR). Herein, PdO promoted CuO heterostructures supported on γ‐Al2O3 are depicted as efficient electrocatalysts for HzOR. γ‐Al2O3 is prepared by precipitation method while metal precursors are incorporated by co‐impregnation technique. Physiochemically characterized PdO‐CuO/Al2O3 mesoporous composites displayed large electrochemical active surface area (ECSA) i. e., 0.18 cm2, high current density (j) i. e., 35.7 mA cm−2, larger diffusion coefficient (D°) i. e., 29.3×10−4 (cm2s−1), large apparent rate constant (kapp) i. e., 13.2 cm−1 with low charge transfer resistance (Rct) i. e., 3.6 kΩ shown by the best catalyst i. e., 1 % PdO‐CuO/Al2O3. Cyclic voltammetry indicated that the fabricated working electrodes offer high efficiency towards HzOR in alkaline medium in such a way that 1 % PdO‐CuO/Al2O3 produced 600 times higher oxidation current than CuO/Al2O3 composite. Owing to stability and reproducibility, PdO modified CuO/Al2O3 would achieve a huge catalytic significance in multiple electrochemical oxidation reactions with economic and ecological benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphitic carbon nitride is a semiconducting material of a graphite-like 2D layered structure. It is well known for its photocatalytic properties, which can be exploited for solar-light-driven water splitting and degradation of organic pollutants. Here, we report its capabilities of catalyzing the reduction of the azo bond by hydrazine to two amines under visible light. This photocatalytic reaction provides a novel, appealing way to reduce azo dye wastes as pollutants other than degradation. With this method, the azo dye wastes can be photochemically converted to amines, which can be used as precursors for new azo dyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The condensation of 1,3‐diketones with hydrazine to access 4H‐pyrazoles is a well‐established synthetic route that travels through a 4H‐pyrazol‐1‐ium intermediate. In the route to a 3,5‐diphenyl‐4H‐pyrazole containing a cyclobutane spirocycle, density functional theory calculations predict, and experiments show that the protonated intermediate undergoes a rapid 1,5‐sigmatropic shift to form a tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazole. Replacing the 3,5‐diphenyl groups with 2‐furanyl groups decreases the calculated rate of the 1,5‐sigmatropic shift by 6.2 × 105‐fold and enables the isolation of new spirocyclic 4H‐pyrazoles for click chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of large and complex supramolecular architectures through self‐assembly is at the forefront of contemporary coordination chemistry. Notwithstanding great success in various systems using anionic bridges (e.g., O2− or S2−) or organic ligands (e.g., pyridine or carboxylate ligands), the assembly of large cyanide‐bridged clusters with increasing nuclearity remains a formidable synthetic challenge. In this study, it is achieved in preparing two heterometallic cyanometallate clusters with unprecedented complexity, [Fe20Co20] (1) and [Fe12Co15] (2), by creating the "flexibility" through a versatile ligand of bis((1H‐imidazol‐4‐yl)methylene)hydrazine (H2L) and low‐coordinate cobalt. Complex 1 features a super‐square array of four cyanide‐bridged [Fe4Co4] cube subunits as the corners that are interconnected by four additional [FeCo] units, resulting in a torus‐shaped architecture. Complex 2 contains a lantern‐like core‐shell cluster with a triple‐helix kernel of [Co3L3] enveloped by a [Fe12Co12] shell. The combined structure analysis and mass spectrometry study reveal a hierarchical assembly mechanism, which sheds new light on constructing cyanometallate nanoclusters with atomic precision. Moreover, complex 1 undergoes a thermally induced electron‐transfer‐coupled spin transition (ETCST) between the diamagnetic {FeIILS(µ‐CN)CoIIILS} and paramagnetic {FeIIILS(µ‐CN)CoIIHS} configurations (LS = low spin, HS = high spin) above room temperature, representing the largest molecule displaying electron transfer and spin transition characteristic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrazine complexes with formic acid, free formate ion, and a potassium formate complex 5DMSO · K+HCOO− formed in the system N2H4—HCOOH—K+HCOO−— DMSO were studied. The possibility for hydrazine formylation to occur was assessed. According to calculations, a [N2H6(HCOO)3]− complex is formed in the system in question. The calculated kinetic and thermodynamic characteristics suggest that hydrazine formylation can occur in this complex. The reaction is reversible; as a consequence, the reaction medium can contain both the [N2H6(HCOO)3]− complex and formylhydrazine. All calculations were carried out using the B2PLYP-D2/6-311+G**//B3LYP/6-31+G* approach with inclusion of solvation effects in terms of the IEFPCM continuum model with DMSO as solvent and with explicit inclusion of the nearest solvation shell of the potassium cation (five DMSO molecules). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, four novel hydrazine fluorescent probes X1–X4 with bis-chalcone structure were designed and synthesized. Through the measurement of its optical properties, it is found that it can quickly identify hydrazine, high sensitivity, low detection limit, and good anti-interference ability. The recognition of hydrazine by probes X1–X4 is not affected in the pH range of 4–10, X2 has the highest sensitivity, and the detection limit is as low as 0.336 × 10−7 M. Through Gaussian quantization calculation of probe molecules and their reaction products with hydrazine, it is speculated that the recognition mechanism is the closure of intramolecular charge transfer effect. In addition, the cytotoxicity and imaging of HeLa cells were tested, which showed that probes X1–X4 could be used to detect hydrazine in cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper compares the properties and activity of palladium clusters deposited on aluminum oxides of different phase compositions obtained by different methods. The numbers of palladium atoms available for the adsorption of hydrazine were determined for each catalyst. A correlation was found between the number of such atoms and the rate of hydrogen formation in the decomposition reaction of hydrazine monohydrate. It was concluded that an active palladium catalyst for the decomposition of hydrazine can be obtained using a modified support with a large specific surface area. The specific surface area and its modification determined the surface coverage with the active reagent. Obviously, the study of the role of various properties of supports in the formation of the active phase should be continued. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present investigation, we have effectively synthesized innovative pyrazoloazepine derivatives with notable yields. The synthesis was successfully accomplished by means of a multicomponent reaction that was carried out in an ionic liquid at ambient temperature conditions. The constituents implicated in this procedure consisted of NH-acids such as isatins, α-halo ketones, electron deficient acetylenic compounds, hydrazine, and hydrazonoyl chlorides. Significantly, the inclusion of an NH group appeared as a crucial characteristic in the resultant compounds. Our investigation encompassed the examination of the antioxidant capabilities exhibited by these substances. The study utilized various assays, including ferric reduction capacity and diphenyl-picrylhydrazine (DPPH) radical trapping, to investigate the possible antioxidant benefits of the substances. The antioxidative capacity of the produced pyrazoloazepine compounds was evaluated by various evaluations. The synthetic approach we employ offers numerous advantages. To begin with, the prompt response time enables the expedited generation of complex compounds. Furthermore, the significant outputs of the specific items highlight the effectiveness of our approach. The ease with which the catalyst and products can be separated enhances the efficiency of the purification procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the theory of nonisothermal chain reactions developed in the studies presented in the previous chapters, an experimentally verified explanation is given for the anomalous behavior of pyrolysis and combustion of a technically important product—hydrazine. The revealed kinetic features of N2H3 radicals, which led to the unusual properties of the hydrazine-oxygen ignition peninsula, are also explained. The mechanism of easy ignition and explosion has been clarified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The determination of formaldehyde (HCHO) concentration in human exhaled breath can be used as an effective means for the early diagnosis of lung cancer. Lanthanide metal–organic frameworks (LnMOFs) have shown great potential in formaldehyde fluorescence sensing, yet challenges persist in achieving high sensitivity and selectivity. In this work, we report new hydrazine-functionalized LnMOFs (Ln = Eu3+, Gd3+, Tb3+, H2BDC–NH–NH2 = 2-hydrazine-terephthalic acid), having an fcu topology for the sensitive and selective detection of formaldehyde gas. The ligands with hydrazine groups not only act as an "antenna effect" between the ligands and Eu3+ ions, but also act as formaldehyde recognition sites, enabling Eu-BDC–NH–NH2 to be used for fluorescence enhanced sensing of formaldehyde gas in gaseous environments. Eu-BDC–NH–NH2 thus exhibits low detection limit (41.7 ppb), high selectivity, and fast (3 minutes) formaldehyde gas response, showing great potential to be practically applied in the field of early diagnosis of lung cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hydrazine oxidation‐assisted H2 evolution method promises low‐input and input‐free hydrogen production. However, developing high‐performance catalysts for hydrazine oxidation (HzOR) and hydrogen evolution (HER) is challenging. Here, we introduce a bifunctional electrocatalyst α‐MoC/N−C/RuNSA, merging ruthenium (Ru) nanoclusters (NCs) and single atoms (SA) into cubic α‐MoC nanoparticles‐decorated N‐doped carbon (α‐MoC/N−C) nanowires, through electrodeposition. The composite showcases exceptional activity for both HzOR and HER, requiring −80 mV and −9 mV respectively to reach 10 mA cm−2. Theoretical and experimental insights confirm the importance of two Ru species for bifunctionality: NCs enhance the conductivity, and its coexistence with SA balances the H ad/desorption for HER and facilitates the initial dehydrogenation during the HzOR. In the overall hydrazine splitting (OHzS) system, α‐MoC/N−C/RuNSA excels as both anode and cathode materials, achieving 10 mA cm−2 at just 64 mV. The zinc hydrazine (Zn−Hz) battery assembled with α‐MoC/N−C/RuNSA cathode and Zn foil anode can exhibit 97.3 % energy efficiency, as well as temporary separation of hydrogen gas during the discharge process. Therefore, integrating Zn−Hz with OHzS system enables self‐powered H2 evolution, even in hydrazine sewage. Overall, the amalgamation of NCs with SA achieves diverse catalytic activities for yielding multifold hydrogen gas through advanced cell‐integrated‐electrolyzer system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: Colorectal cancer, one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers worldwide, has a high mortality rate. Thus, our research aims to examine the preventive effects of diosmin (DIO) alone and in conjunction with the anti-cancer drug irinotecan (camptothecin- 11, CPT-11), on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon cancer (CC) in male Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty adult male Wistar rats were categorized into five groups. Group I (Normal) received saline 0.9 orally % as a vehicle once a week for 14 weeks. Group II (DMH) received DMH (20 mg/kg/week) orally dissolved in 0.9% saline for 14 weeks and 1% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) every other day for the final 10 weeks. Group III (DMH+DIO) received DMH orally for 14 weeks and DIO (10 mg/kg, suspended in 1% CMC) every other day for the fi- nal 10 weeks. Group IV (DMH+CPT-11) received DMH orally for 14 weeks and intraperitoneal injection of CPT-11 (3 mg/kg) twice a week for the final 10 weeks. Group V (DMH+DIO+CPT-11) orally received DMH for 14 weeks and both DIO and CPT-11. RESULTS: All treated groups showed a significant reduction (p<0.05) in their elevated serum malondialdehyde levels and significant amelioration (p<0.05) of their lowered activities of colon glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR) as well as serum glutathione level (GSH). In addition, simultaneous treatment with DIO and CPT-11 led to a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the elevated serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in rats administered with DMH, as well as a reduction in the colon expression levels of the inflammatory mediator (NF-κB), cell proliferator protein (Ki-67), and proapoptotic protein (p53). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest DIO, CPT-11, and their combination have anticarcinogenic effects against DMH-induced CC by suppressing oxidative stress, simulating the antioxidant defense system, attenuating the inflammatory effects, and reducing cell proliferation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the synthesis of acyl hydrazides and hydrazones from activated amides, which are nitrogen-containing compounds found in pharmaceutical and agricultural compounds. The traditional method for synthesizing acyl hydrazides has limitations, but recent advancements in carbon-nitrogen bond activation reactions have opened up new possibilities. The article provides a comprehensive account of the results and methodologies for synthesizing these compounds, including the synthesis and characterization of various benzohydrazide compounds. The document also includes specific details for the synthesis and characterization of one compound, (E)-N'-(4-methylbenzylidene)benzohydrazide. The document provides experimental results, including yields, melting points, and spectroscopic data, and acknowledges the Korea Basic Science Institute for providing additional data. [Extracted from the article]

One effective option to minimize N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in finished drinking water is to identify and control its precursors. However, previous works to identify significant precursors use formation potential (FP) tests using high doses to assure the maximum NDMA formation rather than the NDMA formation in finished waters. In this study, we applied characteristic low treatment doses of ozone (O3)-to-dissolved organic carbon (DOC) of target compounds of 0.8 mg/mg and NH2Cl of 2.5 ± 0.2 mg Cl2/L to evaluate the NDMAFP yields of organic compounds bearing N,N-dimethylamine (DMA) and N,N-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) during preozonation and post-chloramination. The results in pH-buffered Milli-Q water showed a significant decrease from ≤ 52% to non-detectable levels in the O3-NDMAFP yields of O3-reactive precursors (i.e., DMH-like compounds) after preozonation and post-chloramination. Similarly, a significant decrease from 0.5 to 12% to nonquantifiable levels was observed for the NH2Cl-NDMAFP yields of NH2Cl-reactive precursors; however, the NH2Cl-NDMAFP yields of N,N-dimethylbenzylamine (DMBzA)-like compounds only decreased from ~ 110 to ≤ 43%, suggesting that these compounds could contribute to NH2Cl-NDMAFPs even after preozonation. The effect of the matrix in sewage-effluent and lake water samples varied and was specific for precursors; for example, the O3-NDMAFP yield of 1,1,1′,1′-tetramethyl-4,4′-(methylene-di-p-phenylene) disemicarbazide (TMDS), an important O3-reactive NDMA precursor, did not significantly decrease when tested in sewage-effluent samples. Based on the previous occurrence concentration of TMDS in sewage samples, we estimated an NDMAFP of ~ 315 ng/L. This estimate exceeds the guidance concentrations of NDMA (3–100 ng/L), highlighting the importance of TMDS and its related compounds for NDMA formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Widely utilized in the chemical industry and agriculture, hydrazine is easily absorbed by living things and can cause physical harm when in touch for an extended period of time. As a result, a novel cinnamaldehyde chalcone C5 was produced by Friedel Crafts process and aldol condensation reaction. Triphenylamine was used as the raw material for hydrazine determination in both reactions. Chalcone C5 exhibits significant AIE behavior in a mixed mixture of ethanol and water in addition to having great selectivity and a low detection limit (0.119 nm) for hydrazine. The solvent effect test revealed a linear relationship between the Stokes shift of C5 in the solvent and the rise in solvent orientation polarization. It is important to note that C5 is not harmful to MCF-7 cells, mouse kidney cells, or pig kidney cells. Furthermore, research on cell imaging has demonstrated that probe C5 may be utilized to image the fluorescence of hydrazine in active MCF-7 cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coumarin and aryl hydrazide-hydrazone have attracted our attention due to their vast biological properties. Previous studies suggested that coumarin-tethered aryl hydrazide-hydrazone showed potent activities against HepG2. In the present study, we investigated the cytotoxic potency of the coumarin derivatives 1 - 3 to compare with coumarin hydrazine-hydrazone hybrids 4 and 5 against hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 and LH86 cell lines. Among the tested coumarins, hybrids 4 and 5 showed highly potent activity against HepG2 with IC50 values of 17.82 ± 2.79 and 7.87 ± 0.88 μg/mL, respectively. The hybrid 4 also showed the strongest activity against LH86 cell line with IC50 values of 48.32 ± 2.64 μg/mL. Further, we have studied the mechanism of action of the hybrid compounds 4 and 5 in HepG2 cells via the flowcytometry analysis and the activation of the caspase-3 and caspase-7. The results showed that hybrids 4 and 5 obviously inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cell line through inducing apoptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In-situ methods are highly desirable for the development of segregated conductive composites. We demonstrate a benign and simple method for developing segregated conductive poly (methyl methacrylate)/reduced graphene oxide composites by incorporating two-step in-situ reduction of graphene oxide (GO) with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) microspheres. First, a one-pot method is demonstrated that involves the synthesis of positively charged PMMA latex followed by in-situ hydrazine reduction of negatively charged GO. In the second step, thermal reduction at 150 °C is used to increase the reduction level of GO. As a result of two-step reduction of GO, the obtained composite exhibits good correlation between their structural, morphological, thermal, and electrical properties. Compared to PMMA matrix, 4 wt % composites formed after in-situ reduction using hydrazine (PMMA-rGO-H) and two-step method (PMMA-rGO-HT) exhibit approximately 108 and 109 fold increases in electrical conductivity, respectively. Further, the percolation threshold for conduction is 1 wt%, indicating the generation of segregated conductive networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pomegranate molasses and peels contain minerals, antioxidants and several vitamins. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pomegranate molasses to protect against phenylhydrazine induced anemia in rats. 40 male rats were divided into four equal groups; a control group, Pomegranate molasses treated group, Phenylhydrazine (PHZ) treated group, Pomegranate molasses + Phenylhydrazine treated group. Hematology, hemoglobin electrophoresis, G6PD, Iron, and erythropoietin were evaluated. Spleen was obtained for histopathological examination. The results revealed a significant increase in reticulocytes, osmotic fragility, iron and erythropoietin with a significant decrease in Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase in Phenylhydrazine group, compared with Control group. Co-administration of Pomegranate molasses with Phenylhydrazine showed significant decrease in reticulocytes, osmotic fragility, iron and erythropoietin and significant increase in Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase compared with Phenylhydrazine group. It could be concluded that pomegranate molasses could improve hematological parameters and had anti-inflammatory effect on spleen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The one-pot reaction of potassium cyanocarbamimidothiolates with acetylated bromo sugars produced a novel class of substituted glycosylisothiourea derivatives 5a–h that demonstrated their Z-configuration. Some of the later compounds 5a–d were treated with NH3 in methanol at 25 °C, to afford the unprotected thioglycoside functionalized compounds 6a–c with excellent yields. To characterize the structure of the newly synthesized compounds, various techniques, such as elemental analysis and spectral data (13C NMR, IR, and 1H NMR) were employed. Furthermore, the substituted S-glycosylisothioureas 5 and 6 were subjected to a reaction with hydrazine hydrate, resulting in the formation of corresponding 5-amino-1,2,4-triazole derivatives 7a–d. The antibacterial properties of all newly synthesized compounds were thoroughly assessed and evaluated. Among these compounds, the most potent antimicrobial agents were found to be compounds 5a, 5g, 6a, 6b, and 6c. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, 3-iodo-2-(p-tolyl)benzo[b]thiophene (4C) is synthesized by using Sonagashira coupling reactions and electrophilic cyclization reactions. Electrochemical measurements have been performed using electrochemical methods such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in the environment of 1 M KOH + 0.5M N2H4 solution. The CV results obtained showed that 4C catalyst promoted the generation of the best current (15.40 mA/cm2), and EIS results confirmed that electrode modifeed with the same derivative presented the lowest charge transfer resistance. Taken together, these results suggest that 4C organocatalyst could be used as an anode efficient catalyst in hydrazine (N2H4) fuel cells.

Background: 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine induces testicular toxicity and can result in reproductive dysfunction in male rats. Aim: This study investigated the effects of hydromethanolic leaf extract of Justicia secunda on phenylhydrazine (PHZ)-induced reproductive dysfunction in male Wistar rats. Settings and Design: Twenty rats (90–170 g) were grouped into five (A-E) (n = 4) with the approval of the research ethics committee. Materials and Methods: Group A (control) received 0.5 mL of normal saline, Groups B to E received PHZ, PHZ + Astymin (0.5 mL), PHZ + J. secunda (0.2 mg/kg) and PHZ + J. secunda (0.5 mg/kg), respectively. All animals in Groups B to E received 2 mg/kg PHZ intraperitoneally for 2 days, and thereafter, administration of Astymin and J. secunda commenced in Groups C, D and E for 14 days using gavage. Statistical Analysis Used: The data were analysed using a one-way analysis of variance and the Bonferroni post hoc test. Results: Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) decreased significantly in PHZ, PHZ + Astymin and PHZ + J. secunda (0.2 mg/kg) and increased significantly in PHZ + J. secunda (0.5 mg/kg) than control. Luteinising hormone (LH) and testosterone significantly (P < 0.001) reduced in treated groups than control. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and very-low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol were significantly reduced in the treated groups than the control. Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) significantly (P < 0.001) increased in treated groups than in control. Testicular glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase, catalase and malondialdehyde significantly increased in extract-treated groups compared to control. Superoxide dismutase significantly decreased in PHZ-treated group than in the control. Conclusion: PHZ administration caused testicular toxicity and altered biochemical markers, astymin treatment reduced male reproductive hormones, while J. secunda (0.5 mg/kg) increased FSH and LH, decreased TNFα levels and altered the concentration of testicular antioxidant markers. These alterations may be linked to the toxic effect of PHZ and could negatively affect spermatogenesis.

Introduction: It is known that the insertion of D-amino acids into the structure of a peptide molecule can increase its half-life. The pharmacological drug Thymogen was modified with D-alanine from the N- and C-terminus of the molecule. The aim of the investigation was to study the reparative and antioxidant activity of structural analogues of thymogen in toxic liver damage by hydrazine in rats. Materials and Methods: The investigation was conducted on 40 Wistar rats. Acute toxic liver damage was simulated with a single intraperitoneal injection of hydrazine hydrochloride at a dose of 50 mg/kg. Thymogen and its modified D-Ala analogues were administered intraperitoneally in equimolar doses for 5 days after intoxication. The animals were removed from the experiment 12 hours after the final administration of the peptides. Results and Discussion: It has been established the reparative and antioxidant activities of thymogen structural analogues increased in conditions of liver damage with hydrazine. Peptides with the insertion of D-Ala reduced the level of free radical reactions more significantly in comparison with thymogen. All peptides comparably increased catalase activity in blood plasma and liver homogenate. Conclusion: Thymogen analogues modified with D-Ala from the N- and C-terminus of the molecule can be considered as promising pharmacological substances for the development of new hepatoprotective drugs.

Maryam Ibrahim Tukur,1 Ibrahim Babangida Abubakar,2 Isah Musa Fakai,1 Jamilu Bala Danjuma,1 Ibrahim Malami,3 Aliyu Muhammad4 1Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero, Kebbi State, Nigeria; 2Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Kampala, Uganda; 3Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodio University, Sokoto, Nigeria; 4Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Zaria, 810271, NigeriaCorrespondence: Ibrahim Babangida Abubakar, Email Ibrahim.iba@kiu.ac.ugBackground: Faidherbia albida, popularly known as gawo in Hausa, is traditionally used to treat jaundice in Zuru emirate of Kebbi State. Herein, the ameliorative effect of F. albida against 2.4-dinitrophenylhydrazine-induced hyperbilirubinemia in Wistar albino rats was investigated.Methods: Thirty healthy rats were administered 75 mg of 2.4-dinitrophenylhydrazine to induce hyperbilirubinemia. Thereafter, groups 1– 3 received 500, 750, and 1000 mg/kg body weight of the methanol stem-bark extract, and 15 mg/kg of phenobarbitone (standard drug) was administered to group 4. Groups 5 and 6 served as the untreated and normal controls, respectively. The phytochemical composition was evaluated using standard methods, and acute oral toxicity was evaluated using standard OECD 2008 guidelines.Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, and a substantial amount of tannins. A significant (P< 0.05) reduction of direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, and total protein levels for all the doses of the extract and standard drug compared to untreated groups was observed. Similarly, there were significant reductions in serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels of the group treated with the standard drug and all extract-treated groups compared to elevated levels observed in untreated controls. However, a significant (P< 0.05) increase in serum albumin (ALB) levels, red blood cells, hemoglobin, and pack cell volume was observed in all extract-treated compared to the untreated control in contrast to a significant decrease in MCH levels in treated groups compared to the untreated group.Conclusion: F. albida ameliorated the hyperbilirubinemia induced by 2.4-dinitrophenylhydrazine in Wistar albino rats, thus providing some support for its use in traditional medicine to treat jaundice.Keywords: Faidherbia albida, jaundice, liver enzymes, hyperbilirubinemia, 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, red blood cells

Hydrazine borane (HB) has been considered to be an excellent medium for hydrogen storage, but the development of efficient catalysts for controllable and complete hydrolytic dehydrogenation of HB remains a severe challenge. In this study, a novel catalyst consisting of Ni0.6Pt0.4 nanoparticles supported on phosphorus-doped reduced graphene oxide (P-rGO) is readily obtained via a simple co-reduction method and serves as a highly efficient and stable catalyst toward the complete hydrolytic dehydrogenation of HB. Compared with Ni0.6Pt0.4/rGO, the as-prepared Ni0.6Pt0.4/P-rGO catalyst exhibits much higher catalytic activity for HB dehydrogenation, providing a total turnover frequency (TOF) value of 2419.4 h−1 at 323 K, which surpasses that of the majority of reported catalysts. Meanwhile, it also exhibits lower activation energy (Ea) and better recycle stability. The reason for the outstanding catalytic performance of Ni0.6Pt0.4/P-rGO could be attributed to the combined influence of small particle sizes, the enhanced synergistic effects of NiPt nanoparticles and the P-rGO substrate, the electronic interaction between Ni and Pt, and the NaOH promotion effect. This work provides an innovative approach to construct highly efficient and robust catalyst systems using simple and controllable methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A highly efficient and chemoselective approach for the divergent assembling of unsymmetrical hydrazines through an unprecedented intermolecular desulfurdioxidative N−N coupling is developed. This metal free protocol employs readily accessible N‐arylhydroxylamines and N‐sulfinylanilines to provide highly valuable hydrazine products with good reaction yields and excellent functional group tolerance under simple conditions. Computational studies suggest that the in situ generated O‐sulfenylated arylhydroxylamine intermediate undergoes a retro‐[2π+2σ] cycloaddition via a stepwise diradical mechanism to form the N−N bond and release SO2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we disclose an eco-efficient redox-neutral iron-catalyzed decarboxylative radical addition to chiral azomethine imines upon visible light (427 nm) giving cyclic hydrazine derivatives with dr ranging from 82 : 18 to >96 : 4. This earth-abundant metal promoted sequence proceeds efficiently under ligand-free conditions based on a LMCT process and opens a route to new chiral heterocycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A strategy for the synthesis of N,N‐disubstituted hydrazines via the electrocatalytic addition of hydrazine to α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds is reported. The reaction was carried out under constant current electrolytic conditions in an undivided cell. Using this methodology, various N,N‐disubstituted hydrazines were prepared in 57–94% yield in 40 minutes. By adding cyclohexanone and acetic acid to the reaction mixture of N,N‐disubstituted hydrazines and heating for 2 hours, a one‐pot synthesis of N‐substituted indoles was also developed. Furthermore, based on cyclic voltammetry and control experiments, a plausible mechanism involving a radical pathway is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

7-Bromo-4-chloro-1H-indazol-3-amine is a heterocyclic fragment used in the synthesis of Lenacapavir, a potent capsid inhibitor for the treatment of HIV-1 infections. In this manuscript, we describe a new approach to synthesizing 7-bromo-4-chloro-1H-indazol-3-amine from inexpensive 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile. This synthetic method utilizes a two-step sequence including regioselective bromination and heterocycle formation with hydrazine to give the desired product in an overall isolated yield of 38–45%. The new protocol has been successfully demonstrated on hundred-gram scales without the need for column chromatography purification. This new synthesis provides a potential economical route to the large-scale production of this heterocyclic fragment of Lenacapavir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly pure Rh2P nanoparticles on N,P-codoped carbon were synthesized by a simple ‘‘mix-and-pyrolyze’’ method using one kind of low-cost nucleotide as the carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus source, which exhibits excellent bifunctional activity for the hydrogen reduction and hydrazine oxidation reactions, achieving energy-efficient hydrogen production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two series of novel hybrid heterocyclic compounds that combine the imidazole ring with bioactive piperidine, morpholine or piperazine heterosystems, through a hydrazone unit, were easily obtained by two competitive pathways. Starting from 5‐amino‐4‐cyanoformimidoyl imidazoles and 1‐aminopiperidine, 4‐aminomorpholine or 1‐amino‐4‐methylpiperazine under mild acidic media led to the selective synthesis of 5‐aminoimidazole 4‐carboxamidrazones, whereas the corresponding 4‐hydrazonoyl cyanide derivatives were obtained under stronger acidic conditions. These highly functionalized imidazoles provide convenient synthetic precursors to a vast array of heterocycles with potential pharmaceutical applications. The reaction mechanisms were elucidated on the basis of experimental assays and in silico calculations. The compounds were screened against colorectal cancer HCT116‐p53 wt cell line, and significant IC50 values of 3.69 μM and 4.83 μM were obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Picralima nitida and Cymbopogon citratus has been associated with anti-inflammatory and hematopoietic properties, hinting at their potential effectiveness in addressing the complications of anaemia. Investigating their impact on the gene expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and Interleukin 10 (IL-10) can provide insights into their modes of operation and capacity to regulate inflammatory pathways and immune responses linked to anaemia. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of bi-herbal formula of Picralima nitida and Cymbopogon citratus aqueous leaf extracts on COX-2 and IL-10 gene expressions in Phenyl Hydrazine-Induced Anaemia in Albino Wistar rats. A total of sixty adult male albino Wistar rats were divided into six groups; A, B, C, D, E and F representing control, phenyl-hydrazine group, ferrous sulphate group, phenyl-hydrazine + 100mg/kg bi-herbal formulation of Picralima nitida and Cymbopogon citratus, phenyl-hydrazine+ 200mg/kg biherbal formulation of Picralima nitida and Cymbopogon citratus and phenyl-hydrazine + 400mg/kg bi-herbal formulation of Picralima nitida and Cymbopogon citratus respectively. mRNA COX-2 and mRNA IL-10 were determined using polymerase chain reaction. Data obtained was analysed by the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software. There was a significant increase in the mRNA expression of COX-2 of groups C, D, E and F when compared to groups A and B (p<0.05). There was a significant increase in the mRNA expression of IL-10 of groups C, D, E and F when compared to groups A and B (p<0.05). In conclusion, the mRNA expression of COX-2 and IL-10 showed significant up-regulation in response to the bi-herbal formulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Satellite propulsion uses liquid mono or bi‐propellants composed of a hydrazine in combination with a strong oxidant. However, hydrazines are highly toxic. As a result, many research efforts for more environmentally compatible propellants have been made over the past decade. In this study we evidence green formulations that retain high propulsive performances. They are based on the dinitramide anion. From an initial library of 37 ammonium dinitramides 3 best candidates were selected after evaluation of their potential syntheses, calculated theoretical performances, experimental synthesis optimizations and decomposition temperatures. These three salts were then formulated to obtain acceptable sensitivities and melting points, which eventually led to only one formulation being retained: a 40 : 60 mixture of dimethylammonium dinitramide and ammonium dinitramide phlegmatized by 10 % of glycerol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses a catalytic strategy for the conversion of isoxazoles and oxadiazoles into pyrazoles and 1,2,4-triazoles, respectively, through a formal O-to-N exchange. The protocol utilizes catalytic amounts of an air-stable Ni(4-CF3 stb) 3 complex in combination with hydrazine. The authors demonstrate the generality of the protocol and its functional group tolerance. This research provides a potential solution for the rapid evaluation of five-membered heterocyclic scaffolds in synthetic campaigns. [Extracted from the article]

A protective oxide layer forms on the material surfaces of a nuclear power plant during operation due to high temperature. This study addresses the challenge of developing effective chemical decontamination technology for domestic CANDU-type reactors, specifically focusing on the pressurized heavy water reactor (PHWR) system. The Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute has previously introduced the 'HyBRID' (hydrazine-based reductive metal ion decontamination) process for pressurized water reactors, which notably omits the use of organic acids or chelating agents. To adapt and enhance this technology for PHWR systems, we investigated the role of copper (Cu) in the dissolution of magnetite, a prominent oxide layer in nuclear power plants. Our findings reveal that the redox cycle of copper in conjunction with hydrazine and magnetite demonstrates a notably effective dissolution behavior. This study presents a crucial step toward optimizing decontamination procedures in nuclear reactors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering is the property of Chongqing University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics is the property of Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A novel protocol facilitated by Na2SO3 that enhances the efficiency of palladium-catalyzed Heck coupling and the homo-coupling reactions of arylhydrazines. This innovative method enables the effective construction of a diverse array of cinnamate derivatives and biphenyl compounds. Notably, these transformative reactions proceed smoothly at room temperature, leveraging the activation of C-N bonds. This technique not only streamlines the synthesis process but also expands our understanding and expertise in the realm of coupling reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thiocyanates form an important class of organic compounds commonly found in natural products that exhibit excellent antimicrobial activity. The electrophilic thiocyanation is one of the most effective methods of introducing a -SCN functional group to the parent organic molecule. In this work, we explored an eco-friendly and highly efficient method for thiocyanation of anilines and 1-(substituted benzylidene)-2-phenylhydrazines using commercially available N-bromoscuccinimide (NBS) and potassium thiocyanate (KSCN). The optimized protocol afforded thiocyanates with good regioselectivity and excellent yields in comparison to the available methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reaction of equimolar quantities of 3-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde and (2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)hydrazine in ethanol containing concentrated hydrochloric acid (0.2 mL; 37%) as a catalyst under reflux for 2 h yielded 1-(1-(benzofuran-2-yl)ethylidene)-2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)hydrazine. The crude produced was purified by crystallization using dimethylformamide to provide the title heterocycle in a 95% yield. The structure of the newly synthesized heterocycle was confirmed through X-ray diffraction and spectral analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the important challenges in fuel cells with polymer membranes is the stabilization of electrocatalytic inks on the membrane. To solve this issue, scientists are looking for the deposition of electrocatalysts on a suitable substrate with a high surface area. In this regard, nickel foam is ideal for the alkaline part of fuel cells (anode) and titanium is as a substrate for their acidic part (cathode). In this study, the bimetallic Ni–Co nanoparticles on a Ni foam (NF) template that is coated with reduced graphene oxides (rGO/NF) are fabricated by electrodeposition to be used as an anode and a mixture of metal oxides of IrO2–Ta2O5–SiO2 on Ti substrate is prepared by the sol–gel procedure to be applied as a cathode electrocatalyst in direct hydrazine-hydrogen peroxide fuel cells (DHzHPFCs). Characterization by synthesis of electrocatalysts is performed using FE-SEM, EDS, and XRD. The electrocatalytic behavior of the synthesized anodic catalyst is studied toward the oxidation of hydrazine in a three-electrode system. In this research, for the first time, IrO2–Ta2O5–SiO2/Ti as a cathode and Ni-Co/rGO/NF as an anode have been used for DHzHPFCs. The open-circuit potential of 1.80 V and a maximum power density value of 187 mW cm−2 at 55 °C are achieved for the synthesized catalysts. The results of this research show that these electrodes could be excellent and commercial candidates for hydrazine fuel cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The tandem Knoevenagel-cyclocondensation reaction of aromatic aldehydes, malonitrile, and phenylhydrazine in water and ethanol at room temperature is described as an effective, one-pot, threecomponent synthesis of many scientifically relevant heterocyclic compounds. Methods: As a part of our efforts, we have synthesized pyrazole-4-carbonitriles and characterized using various spectroscopic methods and subjected for antimicrobial analysis. Results and Discussion: From our analysis, we observed best in vitro candidate as 5-amino-3-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile. The molecular docking analysis on common bacterial target suggested the involvement of 2,2-dialkylglycine decarboxylase (PDB ID: 1D7U) as a target for compound (IVi) (docking score: –9.32 kcal/mol). Furthermore, a molecular dynamic simulation of 100 ns resulted in the stability of best docked candidate, (IVi): 1D7U. Conclusions: We propose that best docked candidate, (IVi) as potential antimicrobial agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]