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Calinda Blanchard (Figs 33, 68, 83) Diagnosis: Head distinctly narrower than thorax; vertex subrectangular, flattened with indented foveae; genae not or little expanded into small tubercular processes (Fig. 33); long setae on genae. Thorax moderately arched in profile (Fig. 68). Antennae with terminal setae unequal and blunt. Forewing long, with strict trifurcation, widest in the apical half or third; apex rounded or subacute. Meracanthus large, horn-shaped; metatibia with 1+3 apical spurs. Biology and damage: According to Burckhardt et al. (2004), at least half of the species develop in flower heads of Baccharis (Asteraceae) inducing inconspicuous galls. Host-plants: Baccharis, Senecio and other Asteraceae (Olivares & Burckhardt 1997). Distribution: Neotropic and Neartic (Olivares & Burckhardt 1997).��� Colombia: Calinda gibbosa (Tuthill), C. osorii Olivares & Burckhardt (Olivares & Burckhardt 1997). Examined material: Calinda gibbosa: Antioquia: 20 (male, female), La Uni��n, Baccharis sp., 06-Sep-1985 (R. V��lez), UNAB 1368. Boyac��: 1 (female), Arcabuco, Borde de carretera, 2350 m, 12-Apr-1987 (I.S.A), ICN 090509; 1 (female), SFF Iguaque: Caba��a Chaina, 5��25���N, 73��27���W, 2600 m, 25-Jul-09-Aug-2001, Malaise (P. Reina), IAvH-E-161395. Cundinamarca: 1 (female), Bogot��, Mochuelos, 4��35'N, 74��04'W, 2700 m, 20-May- 2010 (C. Ch��vez), UNAB 1368; 1 (female), Subachoque, 31-Jan-1990 (I.S.A), ICN 090502; 1 (male), Subachoque, 31-Jan-1990 (I.S.A), ICN 0 90503. Nari��o: 1 (female), Pasto (B. Guevara), MHNG.��� Calinda osorii: Boyac��: 11 (male, female), Sogamoso, 29-May-1946 (E. A. Chapin), MHNG.��� Calinda sp. 1: Cundinamarca: 1 (female), Tabio, Jard��n Bot��nico, 4��55'N, 76��6'W, 2646 m, 25-Mar-2002 (B. Romero), UNAB 1491;��� Calinda sp. 2: Cundinamarca: 1 (female), Guasca, km 460, Baccharis boyacensis (J. H. Torres), ICN 090481; 1 (male), Guasca, km 46, Baccharis boyacensis (J. H. Torres), ICN 090487;��� Calinda sp. 3: 1 (female), Funza, 2560 m, 5-Jun-1961, potato (L. M. Cuervo), CTNI 65; 1 (male), Sop��, Cerro Ed��n, 6-Jul-1975, in galls of Baccharis tricuneata (J. H. Torres), ICN 090493; 1 (male), Sop��, Cerro Ed��n, 6-Jul-1975, in galls of Baccharis tricuneata (J. H. Torres), ICN 090494;��� Calinda sp. 4: Cundinamarca: 1 (female), Jun��n, V��a Sueva, 30-Sep-1984, in leaf galls of Senecio pulchellus (J. H. Torres), ICN 090497.��� Calinda sp. 5: Boyac��: 1 (male), SFF Iguaque: Caba��a Chaina, 5��25���N, 73��27���W, 2600 m, 25-Jul���09-Aug-2001, Malaise (P. Reina), IAvH-E-161396., Published as part of Rend��n-Mera, Diana Isabel, Serna, Francisco & Burckhardt, Daniel, 2017, Generic synopsis of the jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Psylloidea) from Colombia in Zootaxa 4350 (3), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4350.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/1059233, {"references":["Olivares, T. S. & Burckhardt, D. (1997) Jumping plant-lice of the New World genus Calinda (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Triozidae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 104 (2), 231 - 344. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 79999"]}

Calophya Löw (Figs 22, 23, 71, 81) Diagnosis: Head a little wider than mesonotum, with posterior margin slightly concave; genal processes often present, of variable size and shape (Fig. 22); genae with a prominent basal swelling below the eye (Fig. 23, arrow). Antennae short, about as long as head width; sometimes with less than 10 segments; segment 3 always the longest; terminal setae usually much longer than segment 10. Forewing of variable shape; pterostigma present but may be very narrow; costal break present; cell cu1 large, m1 small; anal break in distance of apex of Cu1b. Meracanthus short, pointed and straight; metatibia without genual spine and 1+(2–5) apical spurs; metabasitarsus without apical spurs. Biology and damage: Immatures of Calophya schini induce pit galls on leaves, shoots and buds of Schinus molle (Anacardiaceae) (Fig. 71). High infestation produces tissue deformation due to elevated number of galls, which may result in premature defoliation and dessication of branches (Pinzón & González 2002). Host-plants: Sapindales; one species on Fouquieria (Fouquieriaceae, Violales) and one perhaps associated with Phoradendron (Santalaceae, Santalales) (Burckhardt & Basset 2000; Mendez et al. 2016). Distribution: Cosmopolitan except for Afrotropical and west Palaearctic regions (Burckhardt & Basset 2000).— Colombia: Calophya schini (Pinzón & González 2002). Examined material: Calophya schini: Cundinamarca: 6 (male, female), Bogotá, Univ. Nal. Col., 4°63'N, 74°08'W, 2603 m, 29-Jan-2014, Schinus molle (R. Simbaqueba), UNAB 1374; 4 (male, female), Bogotá, Univ. Nal. Col., 4°38.302’N, 74°5.177'W, 2624 m, 5-Feb-2015, Schinus molle (J. Díaz), UNAB 1374; 1 (male), Bogotá, Univ. Nal. Col., 4°38'N, 74°05'W, 2603 m, 21-Aug-2012 (L. Zubieta), UNAB 1374.— Calophya sp.: Magdalena: 1 (male), PNN Tayrona: Pueblito, 11°20’N, 74°2’W, 225 m, 26-Oct–22-Nov-2000, Malaise (R. Henriquez) IAvH-E- 161385.

Glycaspis Taylor (Figs 14, 42, 43, 48, 77) Diagnosis: Genal processes very large, longer than 2/3 vertex length (Fig. 14). Antenna much longer than head width. Forewing (Fig. 48) long, apically angular, veins R and M+Cu1 short; vein Rs very long, reaching wing apex, curve parallel to costal margin. Metatibia (Fig. 43) shorter than femur, enlarged apically, with a lateral protuberance bearing two spurs, and a group of spurs on the opposite side; metabasitarsus enlarged, broad and curved. Biology and damage: Immatures are found under a shield of wax known as lerp (Bouvet et al. 2005; Diodato & Venturini 2007; Santana & Burckhardt 2007). The damage is more serious than that of Ctenarytaina (Santana & Burckhardt 2007) as the immatures develop on mature leaves. The damage includes growth of sooty mould, leaf discoloration, decrease of growth, foliage loss, shoot dieback and consequent death of the tree (Bouvet et al. 2005; Diodato & Venturini 2007). Host-plants: Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) (Hollis 2004). Distribution: Native to Australia introduced into Africa, America, Asia and Europe (Burckhardt & Queiroz 2012; Spodek et al. 2015).��� Colombia: Glycaspis brimblecombei (ICA 2013; Rodas et al. 2014). Examined material: Glycaspis brimblecombei: Cundinamarca: 1 (male), Bogot��, Univ. Nal. Col., 4��35���53"N, 74��4'33"W, 2630 m, 04-May-2011, Ricinus sp. (C. Flautero), UNAB 1371. Antioquia: 2 (male, female), Envigado, 6��10'19"N, 75��35'49"W, 1675 m, 29-Dec-2013, on leaves of Eucalyptus sp. (F. Serna), UNAB 1372., Published as part of Rend��n-Mera, Diana Isabel, Serna, Francisco & Burckhardt, Daniel, 2017, Generic synopsis of the jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Psylloidea) from Colombia in Zootaxa 4350 (3), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4350.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/1059233, {"references":["Bouvet, J. P. R., Harrand, L. & Burckhardt, D. (2005) Primera cita de Blastopsylla occidentalis y Glycaspis brimblecombei (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) para la Republica Argentina. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 64 (1 - 2), 99 - 102.","Diodato, L. & Venturini, M. (2007) Presencia del \" psilido del escudo \" (Glycaspis brimblecombei, Hemiptera, Psyllidae), plaga de Eucalyptus, en Santiago del Estero, Argentina. Quebracho, 14, 84 - 89.","Santana, D. L. de Q. & Burckhardt, D. (2007) Introduced Eucalyptus psyllids in Brazil. Journal of Forestry Research, 12, 337 - 344. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10310 - 007 - 0035 - 7","Hollis, D. (2004) Australian Psylloidea. Jumping plantlice and lerp insects. Australian Biological Resources Study (ABRS), Canberra, 216 pp.","Spodek, M., Burckhardt, D., Protasov, A. & Mendel, Z. (2015) First record of two invasive eucalypt psyllids (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) in Israel. Phytoparasitica, 43 (3), 401 - 406. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12600 - 015 - 0465 - 2","Rodas, C. A., Serna, R., Hurlet, B. P., Bolanos, M. D., Granados, G. M. & Wingfield, M. J. (2014) Three new and important insect pests recorded for the first time in Colombian plantations. Southern Forests, 76 (4), 245 - 252. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 20702620.2014.965983"]}

Mitrapsylla Crawford (Figs 30, 56, 82) Diagnosis: Head slightly wider than mesonotum; lateral ocelli raised on tubercles; anteorbital tubercles present as tubercles in front of lateral ocelli; a prominent ridge along each side of coronal suture; genal processes conical, 0.3���0.9 times as long as vertex (Fig. 30). Antennae 2.1���4.4 times longer than head width; segment 8 the longest; terminal setae subequal, longer than segment 10. Clypeus with a pair of long setae and a group of shorter ones. Forewing obovate, broadly rounded apically; pterostigma and costal break present; vein Cu1a strongly arched so that cell cu1 tall; radular spinules forming narrow patches (Fig. 56). Meracanthus prominent, pointed; metatibia with genual spine and 1+3+1 apical spurs; metabasitarsus with 2 apical spurs. Male proctiger and aedeagus lobed (Crawford 1914; Brown & Hodkinson 1988). Biology and damage: Immatures are free-living (Brown & Hodkinson 1988) and secrete wax filaments (Palmer & Pullen 2001). Mitrapsylla albalineata Crawford is considered a potential weed control agent for Senna obtusifolia (Fabaceae), commonly found infesting terminal leaves (Palmer & Pullen 2001). Host-plants: Fabaceae (Ouvrard 2017). Distribution: Neotropic and Neartic regions (Ouvrard 2017). Examined material: Mitrapsylla burckhardti Brown & Hodkinson: Magdalena: 14 (male, female), Santa Marta, Punta de Bet��n, 19-Nov-1985, light trap (H. G. M��ller), MHNG, NHMB.��� Mitrapsylla fusca Brown & Hodkinson: Magdalena: 1 (female), Parque Tayrona, Bahia de Neuguangue, ca. 25 km NE Santa Marta, 30-Sep- 1985 (H. G. M��ller), MHNG; 1 (female), Santa Marta, Punta de Bet��n, 28-Oct-1985, light trap (H. G. M��ller), MHNG; 1 (female), Bahia de Gairaca, Parque Tayrona, ca. 20 km N Santa Marta, 31-Oct-1985 (H. G. M��ller), MHNG.��� Mitrapsylla itaparica (Crawford): Magdalena: 12 (male, female), Santa Marta, Punta de Bet��n, 28-Oct- 1985, 19-Nov-1985, 01���26-Apr-1986, light trap and colour trays (H. G. M��ller), MHNG.��� Mitrapsylla surinamensis (��ulc): Magdalena: 1 (female), Santa Marta, Punta de Bet��n, 27- Apr���09-May-1986, light trap and colour trays (H. G. M��ller), MHNG.��� Mitrapsylla sp. 1: Magdalena: 26 (male, female), Santa Marta, Punta de Bet��n, 19-Nov-1985, 01���26-Apr-1986, light trap and colour trays (H. G. M��ller), MHNG.��� Mitrapsylla sp. 2: Magdalena: 1 (male), Santa Marta, Villa Culebra near Bonda, 01���11-Nov-1985, colour pan (H. G. M��ller), MHNG; 2 (female), Santa Marta, Punta de Bet��n, 28-Oct-1985, 19-Nov-1985, light trap and colour trays (H. G. M��ller), MHNG.��� Mitrapsylla spp.: Magdalena: 2 (male, female), Santa Marta, Punta de Bet��n, 19-Nov-1985, light trap (H. G. M��ller), IAvH-E-161414; 2 (male, female), Santa Marta, Punta de Bet��n, 19-Nov-1985, light trap (H. G. M��ller), IAvH-E-161415; 1 (female), Parque Tayrona, Ca��averal, 15-Jul-1976 (C. Kluger), IAvH-E-161409; 1 (female), Parque Tayrona, Gairaca, 30-Nov-1977 (C. Kluger), IAvH-E-161411; 1 (male), Parque Tayrona, Gairaca, 1-Dec-1977 (C. Kluger), IAvH-E-161412; 1 (male), Parque Tayrona, Ca��averal, 8-Nov-1977 (C. Kluger), IAvH-E-161413. Antioquia: 1 (male), Puerto Berr��o, Alto de las ��guilas, Hacienda Manaos, 450 m, 6��27'8,90���N, 74��36'4,46���W, 05-Jul-2013, black light trap (J. A. Rafael), CEUA 89020. Santander: 1 (female), Cimitarra, Corr. Puerto Olaya, Central Termocentro ISAGEN, 110 m, 12-Jun-2005, light trap (M. Casta��o & C. Rivera), CEUA 89023., Published as part of Rend��n-Mera, Diana Isabel, Serna, Francisco & Burckhardt, Daniel, 2017, Generic synopsis of the jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Psylloidea) from Colombia in Zootaxa 4350 (3), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4350.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/1059233, {"references":["Crawford, D. L. (1914) A monograph of the jumping plant-lice or Psyllidae of the New World. Bulletin of The United States National Museum, 85, 1 - 186. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.85.1","Brown, R. G. & Hodkinson, I. D. (1988) Taxonomy and Ecology of the Jumping Plant-Lice of Panama (Homoptera: Psylloidea). E. J. Brill, Leiden, 304 pp.","Palmer, W. A. & Pullen, K. R. (2001) The phytophagous arthropods associated with Senna obtusifolia (Caesalpiniaceae) in Mexico and Honduras and their prospects for utilization for biological control. Biological Control, 20, 76 - 83. https: // doi. org / 10.1006 / bcon. 2000.0879","Ouvrard, D. (2017) Psyl'list - The World Psylloidea Database. Available from: http: // www. hemiptera-databases. com / psyllist (accessed 1 February 2017) https: // doi. org / 10.5519 / 0029634"]}

Mastigimas Enderlein (Figs 24, 25, 53, 65, 72, 73, 81) Diagnosis: Head not wider than mesonotum; cleft in front; occipital sclerite broad so eyes appear stalked; genae without processes but with small pointed tubercles (Figs 24, 25, arrow). Antennae longer than body (Fig. 65); with third segment long and swollen, covered with circular sensoria; terminal setae short, subequal and pointed. Forewing obovate, rounded apically, without costal break; pterostigma present; vein M arched so it converges with Rs on the third quarter of the wing and then diverges; cell m1 subtriangular; cell cu1 long and low (Fig. 53). Meracanthus short and weakly curved; metacoxa with a prominent tubercle between meracanthus and insertion of trochanter; femora apically with a group of long stout setae; metatibia without genual spine, apically with spurs varying from 1+2+3 to a crown of 8; metabasitarsus with 2 apical spurs. Biology and damage: Immatures produce large quantities of wax and honeydew, and can be found grouped on the lower leaf surface near the midrib (Fig. 72), although when populations are high they invade the whole plant (Fig. 73) (Burckhardt et al. 2013; Queiroz et al. 2013). Attack produces curls along the edges of leaflets and then deformations of the leaflet, along with chlorotic and necrotic points, withering leaflets which then fall. In severe attacks plants suffer of premature defoliation and branches have a dry and crumbly appearance (Queiroz et al. 2013). Host-plants: Cedrela and Toona (Meliaceae) (Burckhardt et al. 2013). Distribution: Neotropical (Burckhardt et al. 2013).��� Colombia: Mastigimas cedrelae (Schwarz), Mastigimas colombianus Burckhardt, Queiroz & Drohojowska (Burckhardt et al. 2013). Examined material: COLOMBIA. Mastigimas cedrelae: Antioquia: 8 (male, female), Amalfi, Porce, 6��54'33"N, 75��04'36"W, 1500 m, Jun-1982, Cedrela sp. (R. Velez) UNAB 1377; Caquet��: 1 (female), El Doncello, Vda. Anayacito, Fca. Buena Vista, 1��40'59"N, 75��18'32"W, 580 m, 8-Sep-2014 (D. Rend��n), UNAB 1091; 10 (male, female), San Vicente del Cagu��n, Vda. Palestro, Fca. El Limonar, 2��7'12"N, 74��45'1"W, 270 m, 9- Sep-2014, Cedrela montana (D. Rend��n), UNAB 1091.��� Mastigimas colombianus: Cundinamarca: 1 (female), Bogot��, Univ. Nal. Col., Jard��n Entomolog��a ICN, 16-Jun-1987 (Isabel de Ar��valo), ICN 090474; 10 (male, female), Bogot��, Univ. Nal. Col., Patios de Ingenier��a, 4��38.377'N, 74��4.963'W, 2600 m, 22-Sep-2014, Cedrela montana (C. Sarmiento), UNAB 1092; 4 (male, female), Bogot��, Univ. Nal. Col., Fac. Ciencias Agrarias, 4��38'8"N, 74��4'58"W, 2600 m, 22-Sep-2014, Cedrela montana (M. R��os), UNAB 1092; 1 (female), Bogot��, Univ. Nal. Col., Invernaderos, 4��38'N, 74��05'W, 2558 m, 10-Mar-2014 (D. Salazar), UNAB 1092; 1 (female), Bogot��, Univ. Nal. Col., 4��35'56"N, 74��04'51"W, 2630 m, 09-Apr-2010, on grass (M. Pineda), UNAB 1092.��� Mastigimas sp.: Caldas: 2 (male, female), Chinchin��, 4��58'50''N, 75��36'27''W, 1378 m, 15-Jun-1999, Cedrela odorata (M. Oliveros) UNAB 1369., Published as part of Rend��n-Mera, Diana Isabel, Serna, Francisco & Burckhardt, Daniel, 2017, Generic synopsis of the jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Psylloidea) from Colombia in Zootaxa 4350 (3), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4350.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/1059233, {"references":["Burckhardt, D., Queiroz, D. L. & Drohojowska, J. (2013) Revision of the neotropical jumping plant-louse genus Mastigimas (Hemiptera, Psylloidea) attacking Cedrela and Toona species (Meliaceae). Zootaxa, 3745 (1), 001 - 018. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3745.1.1"]}

Paracarsidara Heslop-Harrison (Figs 16, 37, 44, 45, 50, 61, 78) Diagnosis: Head about as wide as mesoscutum, deeply cleft; discal foveae as deep oblique grooves; median ocellus placed almost central on vertex (Fig. 16). Antenna usually longer than 2/3 forewing length. Forewing (Fig. 50) narrowing to a subacute apex, pterostigma present, costal break absent; M+Cu1 almost as long as R and Cu1; cell m1 large and wedge-shaped; cell cu1 without radular spinules; Cu2 distant from Cu1b. Metatibia with genual spine, apical spurs arranged as 1+3+1; metabasitarsus with single spur. Male subgenital plate with a laterodorsal appendage on either side (Fig. 45). Biology and damage: Little is known about their biology. Brice��o (2002) and Brice��o & Hern��ndez (2008) classified them as ���trunk insects��� (Spanish ���insectos de fuste���) in reference to the damage found on branches of Bombacopsis quinata (Malvaceae). Host-plants: Species within the Malvaceae (Brown & Hodkinson 1988; Hodkinson 1989). Distribution: Neotropical (Brown & Hodkinson 1988; Hodkinson 1989).��� Colombia: Paracarsidara gigantea (Crawford). Remarks: This is the first record of Paracarsidara dugesii in Colombia. The report of Carsidara by V��lez (1973) concerns Paracarsidara which is the only genus of Carsidaridae occuring in the New World (Hollis 1987a). Examined material: Paracarsidara dugesii: Magdalena: 1 (female), Bahia de Gairaca, Parque Tayrona, ca. 20 km N Santa Marta, 31-Oct-1985 (H.-G. M��ller), MHNG; 1 (female), Villa de Culebra, nr. Bonda, ca. 10 km E Santa Marta, 01���11-Nov-1985 (H.-G. M��ller), MHNG;��� Paracarsidara sp. 1: Antioquia: 10 (female), La Pintada, 5��44'31"N, 75��36'19"W, 600 m, Oct-1971, Malvaceae (A. Madrigal), MEFLG 1917 (UNAB 1138); 10 (male, female), Medell��n, 6��15'46"N, 75��34'40"N, 1479 m, Oct-1972, Malvaceae (A. Madrigal), MEFLG 2010 (UNAB 1378).��� Paracarsidara sp. 2: Antioquia: 3 (male, female), San Jer��nimo, 6��26'30"N, 75��43'40"W, 780 m, May- 1963, Ceiba (Malvaceae) (N. Delgado), MEFLG 2062 (UNAB 1375).��� Paracarsidara sp. 3: Norte de Santander: 3 (female), El Zuila, May-1978 (G. Martinez), CTNI 61., Published as part of Rend��n-Mera, Diana Isabel, Serna, Francisco & Burckhardt, Daniel, 2017, Generic synopsis of the jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Psylloidea) from Colombia in Zootaxa 4350 (3), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4350.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/1059233, {"references":["Briceno, A. (2002) Lista de insectos de importancia forestal en Venezuela. Revista Forestal Fenezolana, 46 (1), 27 - 34.","Briceno, A. & Hernandez, F. (2008) Insectos del orden hemiptera-homoptera de importancia forestal en Venezuela. Revista Forestal Fenezolana, 52 (2), 177 - 187.","Brown, R. G. & Hodkinson, I. D. (1988) Taxonomy and Ecology of the Jumping Plant-Lice of Panama (Homoptera: Psylloidea). E. J. Brill, Leiden, 304 pp.","Hodkinson, I. D. (1989) The Biogeography of the Neotropical Jumping Plant-Lice (Insecta: Homoptera: Psylloidea). Journal of Biogeography, 16 (3), 203 - 217. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2845257","Velez, R. (1973) Lista de insectos identificados para el Museo Entomologico de la Facultad de Ciencias Agricolas U. N. Medellin, durante los anos 1971 a 1973. Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia, 28 (2), 72 - 94.","Hollis, D. (1987 a) A review of the Malvales-feeding psyllid family Carsidaridae (Homoptera). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology, 56 (2), 87 - 127."]}

Tuthillia Hodkinson, Brown & Burckhardt (Figs 21, 64, 74, 80) Diagnosis: Head and thorax covered in conspicuous hairs (Figs 21, 64). Head as broad as or broader than thorax; vertex rectangular to trapezoidal; genal processes with the outer margin straight and the inner strongly convex from above; occipital sclerite may be developed as a tubercle; lateral ocelli raised on tubercles close to posterior margin of eye; anteorbital tubercles present (Fig. 21). Antenna 1.2���2.2 times the head width; segments 9 and 10 broader; setae on antennae longer than width of segments; segment 3 the longest; segment 10 longer than 9. Forewing somewhat rectangular, broad to very elongate; veins bearing prominent setae much longer than the diameter of veins; Rs long and sinuous; vein M1+2 strongly arched upwards; rs-m crossvein occasionally present; C+Sc and pterostigma somewhat thickened; costal break present. Meracanthus prominent; metatibia without genual spine and with a crown of 8���14 apical spurs; metabasitarsus with 2 apical spurs. Male proctiger densely hairy with broad posterior lobes. Biology and damages: Tuthillia cognata Hodkinson, Brown & Burckhardt represents a major pest in plantations of Myrciaria dubia, also known as camu-camu (Couturier et al. 1992). Damage includes curling of apical leaves which turn yellow and wither (Burckhardt & Couturier 1988), dessication of buds and terminal leaves preventing plant growth (Couturier et al. 1992); immatures are found inside the leaf-curls producing great amounts of waxy secretions (Burckhardt & Couturier 1988). T. myrcianthis Burckhardt, Queiroz, Marsaro Junior & Wyniger induces irregular blister galls on the adaxial surface of fresh leaves of Myrcianthes pungens. Inside the gall a colony of immatures develops which are covered in long threads of wax (Burckhardt et al. 2012). Specimens of Tuthillia latipennis Hodkinson, Brown & Burckhardt were collected in Colombia on Myrcianthes sp. whose leaves presented deformations as shown in Fig. 74; immatures were found in groups confined to those deformations, covered with threads of wax (field observation). Host-plants: Myrtaceae (Burckhardt & Queiroz 2012; Burckhardt et al. 2012; NHMB data). Distribution: Central and South America (Hodkinson et al. 1986). Remarks: This is the first record of this genus in Colombia. Examined material: Tuthillia latipennis: Cundinamarca: 8 (male, female), Bogot��, Teusaquillo: Barrio Belalc��zar, 4��38'07"N, 74��04'41"W, 2624 m, 14-Feb-2015, Myrcianthes sp. (J. Rodas), UNAB 1478; 12 (male, female), Bogot��, ��xito de la 69, 4��40'17"N, 74��09'08"W, 2544 m, 13-mar-12 (F. Serna), UNAB 1478; 2 (male, female), Bogot��, 4��53'N, 74��08'W, 2603 m, 21-Aug-2012 (L. Zubieta), UNAB 1478., Published as part of Rend��n-Mera, Diana Isabel, Serna, Francisco & Burckhardt, Daniel, 2017, Generic synopsis of the jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Psylloidea) from Colombia in Zootaxa 4350 (3), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4350.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/1059233, {"references":["Couturier, G., Inga Sanchez, H. & Tanchiva Flores, E. (1992) Insectos fitofagos que viven en Myrciaria dubia (Myrtaceae), frutal amazonico en la region de Loreto - Peru. Folia Amazonica, 4 (1), 19 - 29.","Burckhardt, D. & Couturier, G. (1988) Biology and taxonomy of Tuthillia cognata (Homoptera: Psylloidea), a pest on Myrciaria dubia (Myrtaceae). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, Nouvelle Serie, 24 (3), 257 - 261.","Hodkinson, I. D., Brown, R. G. & Burckhardt, D. (1986) Tuthillia, a new Neotropical psyllid genus (Homoptera: Psylloidea). Systematic Entomology, 11, 53 - 60. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1986. tb 00164. x"]}

Heteropsylla Crawford (Figs 29, 46, 82) Diagnosis: Head distinctly wider than mesonotum; vertex twice as broad as long; genae somewhat swollen, usually without processes (Fig. 29) but if present, genal processes conical. Clypeus pyriform, with a pair of long setae and 2���5 short setae apically. Antennae 1.4���2.4 times as long as head width; usually segment 8 the longest, sometimes segment 3; terminal setae truncate and shorter than segment 10, one seta about half as long as the other. Forewing obovate, broadly rounded at apex, hyaline; pterostigma broad, wedge-shaped; cell cu1 long and low. Meracanthus short and broadly based; metatibia with or without genual spine and 1+(2���3)+1 apical spurs; metabasitarsus with 2 apical spurs. Male terminalia generally with bifid paramere, forming an inner and outer process (Fig. 46). Biology and damage: Immatures of Heteropsylla cubana feed on buds and young leaves, causing leaf wilting and, in severe cases, complete defoliation and tree death (Schultze-Kraft 1994). Some species are employed as control agents of weeds such as H. spinulosa Muddiman, Hodkinson & Hollis on Mimosa diplotricha in Australia (Muddiman et al. 1992). Host-plants: Mimosoid Fabaceae (Muddiman et al. 1992). Distribution: Neotropical and Neartic regions (Hodkinson 1989).��� Colombia: Heteropsylla bidentata Muddiman, Hodkinson & Hollis, H. caldwelli Burckhardt, H. cubana, H. fusca Crawford, H. mimosae Crawford, H. reducta Crawford & Martorell and H. truncata Muddiman, Hodkinson & Hollis (Hodkinson 1988; Muddiman et al. 1992). Examined material: Heteropsylla caldwelli: Magdalena: 14 (male, female), Santa Marta, Villa Culebra near Bonda, 1���11-Nov-1985, colour pan (H. G. M��ller), MHNG, NHMB.��� Heteropsylla cubana: Antioquia: 10 (male, female), Carepa, Tulenapa, 01-Aug-1985, on Leucaena sp. (A. Mila), CTNI 58; 6 (male, female), Medell��n, 6��15���46"N, 75��34���40"W, 1479 m, Aug-1986, Leucaena leucocephala (J. Jaramillo), MEFLG 4118.��� Heteropsylla reducta: Antioquia: 1 (female), Amag��, 1100 m, 18-Feb-1964 (B. Schneble), MHNG. Magdalena: 2 (male, female), Santa Marta, Villa Culebra near Bonda, 1���11-Nov-1985, colour pan (H. G. M��ller), MHNG; 37 (male, female), Santa Marta, Punta de Bet��n, 24���26-Oct-1985, Nov-1985, Jan���May-1986, light trap, colour tray, barber trap (H. G. M��ller), MHNG, NHMB; 1 (female), Parque Tayrona, Bahia Concha, ca. 10 km NE Santa Marta, 23- Apr-1985 (H. G. M��ller), MHNG; 2 (male, female), Parque Tayrona, Bahia de Neuguangue, ca. 25 km NE Santa Marta, 30-Sep-1985 (H. G. M��ller), MHNG; 3 (male, female), Santa Maria, 1912 (Ujhelyi), MHNG.��� Heteropsylla spp.: Antioquia: 9 (male, female), Medell��n, 6��15���46"N, 75��34���40"W, 1479 m, May-1979, Cassia sp. (A. Madrigal), MEFLG 3526; 10 (male, female), Medell��n, Barrio La Mota, 6��12'N, 75��35'W, 1520 m, 5-Apr- 2015, Fabaceae (C. Restrepo), UNAB 1492. Santander: 1 (male), Cimitarra, Corr. Puerto Olaya, Central Termocentro ISAGEN, 110 m, 12-Jun-2005, light trap (M. Casta��o & C. Rivera), CEUA 89021; 1 (female), Cimitarra, Corr. Puerto Olaya, Central Termocentro ISAGEN, 110 m, 12-Jun-2005, light trap (M. Casta��o & C. Rivera), CEUA 89022. Magdalena: 1 (female), Parque Tayrona, Nenguanje, 110 m, 7-Oct-1977 (C. Kluger), IAvH-E-161406; 8 (male, female), Santa Marta, Punta de Bet��n, 25/ 26-Oct-1985, light trap (H. G. M��ller), IAvH- E-161416; 8 (male, female), Santa Marta, Villa Culebra near Bonda, 1���11-Nov-1985, colour pan (H. G. M��ller), IAvH-E-161418. Boyac��: 1 (female), Villa de Leyva, Vda. Monquira, Sitio Escuela, 05��38���N, 73��34���W, 2000 m, 09-Jun-2001 (M. Ospina & E. Torres), IAvH-E-161383; 1 (male), SFF Iguaque: Caba��a Chaina, 5��25���N, 73��27���W, 2600 m, 25-Jul-09-Aug-2001, Malaise (P. Reina), IAvH-E-161384., Published as part of Rend��n-Mera, Diana Isabel, Serna, Francisco & Burckhardt, Daniel, 2017, Generic synopsis of the jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Psylloidea) from Colombia in Zootaxa 4350 (3), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4350.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/1059233, {"references":["Schultze-Kraft, R. (1994) El \" psyllid \" de Leucaena tambien puede ser un problema en America tropical. Pasturas Tropicales, 16 (2), 48 - 50.","Muddiman, S. B., Hodkinson, I. D. & Hollis, D. (1992) Legume-feeding psyllids of the genus Heteropsylla (Homoptera: Psylloidea). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 82, 73 - 117. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0007485300051518","Hodkinson, I. D. (1989) The Biogeography of the Neotropical Jumping Plant-Lice (Insecta: Homoptera: Psylloidea). Journal of Biogeography, 16 (3), 203 - 217. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2845257"]}

Limbopsylla p. p. Brown & Hodkinson Diagnosis: Genal processes long and slender. Antennal segment 8 the longest; terminal setae truncate, shorter than segment 10, one setae about half the length of the other. Clypeus pyriform. Forewing obovate, rounded apically; costal break present. Meracanthus prominent; metatibia with genual spine and apical spurs grouped; metabasitarsus with two apical spurs. Biology and damage: The immatures are free-living on the lower leaf surface and secrete conspicuous wax threads (D. Burckhardt, personal observation). Host-plants: Guatteria (Annonaceae) (NHMB data). Distribution: Endemic to the New World (NHMB data). Remarks: Limbopsylla was erected for some unrelated species with unclear relationships (Brown & Hodkinson 1988). Ongoing research (D. Burckhardt, personal observation) suggests that L. nata Brown & Hodkinson is closely related to Platycorypha (Psyllinae). The series from Colombia which we examined (USNM) is an undescribed species close to L. nigrivenis Brown & Hodkinson. The two belong to a group of species developing on Guatteria. Their immatures are clearly of ciriacremine type. Examined material: Limbopsylla sp.: Meta: 4 (male, female), Restrepo, 2-Oct-1965 (J. A. Ramos), USNM., Published as part of Rend��n-Mera, Diana Isabel, Serna, Francisco & Burckhardt, Daniel, 2017, Generic synopsis of the jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Psylloidea) from Colombia in Zootaxa 4350 (3), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4350.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/1059233, {"references":["Brown, R. G. & Hodkinson, I. D. (1988) Taxonomy and Ecology of the Jumping Plant-Lice of Panama (Homoptera: Psylloidea). E. J. Brill, Leiden, 304 pp."]}

Katacephala Crawford (Figs 20, 52, 80) Diagnosis: Head and thorax covered in conspicuous setae; vertex large, convex; genal cones often indistinctly separated from vertex, often stout and contiguous along inner margin (Fig. 20); occipital sclerite as a strip, giving the eyes a stalked appearance; lateral ocelli raised on tubercles. Antennae not markedly longer than 1.5 times the head width; segment 3 the longest. Forewing rhomboidal or with narrowly rounded apex; with costal break and pterostigma; wing membrane from hyaline to somewhat coriaceous; veins bearing long conspicuous setae; vein M+Cu1 short relative to Cu1 (Fig. 52). Meracanthus short; metatibia without genual spine; with a crown of 6���8 apical spurs; metabasitarsus with 2 apical spurs. Male proctiger with a well-developed angular posterior lobe. Biology and damage: Immatures of Katacephala tenuipennis Tuthill excrete waxy secretions in which they are covered. They cause the edges of leaves to curl down and inward to form a closed linear pocket where they live and develop (Mead 1990). Host-plants: Myrtaceae and Asteraceae (Hodkinson 1991; Burckhardt 1994a). Distribution: Southern United States, Central and South America (Hodkinson 1989). Remarks: This is the first record of this genus in Colombia. Examined material: Katacephala sp.: Cundinamarca: 1 (female), Zipaquir��, Vda. El Empalizado, Fca. La Ni��a Mar��a, 5��5'16"N, 74��3'11"W, 3200 m, 19-Sep-2012, on grass (M. Echeverry), UNAB 1493., Published as part of Rend��n-Mera, Diana Isabel, Serna, Francisco & Burckhardt, Daniel, 2017, Generic synopsis of the jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Psylloidea) from Colombia in Zootaxa 4350 (3), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4350.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/1059233, {"references":["Mead, F. W. (1990) A Jumping Plant Louse, Katacephala tenuipennis (Homoptera: Psyllidae). Florida Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services Division of Plant Industry, Entomology Circular, 336, 1 - 4.","Hodkinson, I. D. (1991) A review of Katacephala Crawford with description of an allied genus from South America (Insecta, Homoptera, Psylloidea). Zoologica Scripta, 20 (1), 77 - 87. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1991. tb 00275. x","Burckhardt, D. (1994 a) Generic key to Chilean jumping plant-lice (Homoptera: Psylloidea) with inclusion of potential pests. Revista Chilena de Entomologia, 21, 57 - 67.","Hodkinson, I. D. (1989) The Biogeography of the Neotropical Jumping Plant-Lice (Insecta: Homoptera: Psylloidea). Journal of Biogeography, 16 (3), 203 - 217. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2845257"]}

Epiacizzia Li (Figs 31, 82) Diagnosis: Head with vertex trapezoidal, foveae indented; anteorbital tubercles developed, small; often tubercle present in the middle of the fore margin on either side; antero-median part of vertex forming tubercle; separation between vertex and genae distinct; genal processes developed, conical, subacute or blunt apically, rounded dorsally (Fig. 31). Antenna less than twice head width. Forewing oval or subrhomboidal; bearing dark pattern consisting of small spots and sometimes larger extended areas; pterostigma short or long, ending above the middle of Rs or distal to it. Metatibia without genual spine, with 4���8 sclerotised apical spurs. Biology and damage: Unknown. Host-plants: Fabaceae and Lauraceae (Li 2011; NHMB data). Distribution: Pantropical (Li 2011; NHMB data). Remarks: Currently, Epiacizzia is used only for species in China (Li 2011). An ongoing generic revision of Macrocorsinae (D. Burckhardt, in prep.) suggests that several species currently assigned to Colophorina or Euphalerus, belong, in fact to Epiacizzia. This is the first record of this genus in Colombia. Examined material: Epiacizzia sp.: Santander: 1 (male), Cimitarra, Corr. Puerto Olaya, Central Termocentro ISAGEN, 110 m, 31-Aug-2005, light trap (M. Casta��o & C. Rivera), CEUA 89016; 1 (female), Cimitarra, Corr. Puerto Olaya, Central Termocentro ISAGEN, 110 m, 31-Aug-2005, light trap (M. Casta��o & C. Rivera), CEUA 89017., Published as part of Rend��n-Mera, Diana Isabel, Serna, Francisco & Burckhardt, Daniel, 2017, Generic synopsis of the jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Psylloidea) from Colombia in Zootaxa 4350 (3), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4350.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/1059233, {"references":["Li, F. (2011) Psyllidomorpha of China (Insecta: Hemiptera). Science Press, Beijing, 1976 pp."]}

Diaphorina L��w (Figs 19, 63, 80) Diagnosis: Head and thorax granular and finely hairy. Head as wide as or slightly wider than pronotum; vertex 1.5���2.5 times as broad as long; genal processes well developed, of various size and shape (Fig. 19). Antenna 0.6��� 1.0 times head width; apex black and slightly thicker; third segment slightly longer than fourth. Forewing from ellipsoidal to pyriform, widest in the middle or in apical half; frequently with pattern of brown maculae (Fig. 63); costal break present; pterostigma very narrow and elongate; cell m1 longer than cu1. Meracanthus large, hornshaped; metatibia without genual spine and with 5���9 apical spurs; metabasitarsus with 2 apical spurs. Male proctiger with hind-margin strongly bulged. Aedeagus 3-segmented. Biology and damage: Diaphorina citri is a major citrus pest in Asia and America as it is vector of the bacteria Candidatus Liberibacter spp., the causal agents of the devastating citrus greening disease or Huanglongbing (HLB) (Bov�� 2006; Botero et al. 2014). HLB symptoms include developing of yellow shoots and leaves with a blotchy mottled appearance, which can become asymmetrical, thicker with enlarged and eventually corky veins; the fruits are small, loop-sided with colour inversion and dark aborted seeds (Bov�� 2006; Gottwald et al. 2007). Host-plants: Species of the genus feed on plants from different orders (Burckhardt 1984; Hollis 1987b), although D. citri develops exclusively on rutaceous hosts (Aubert 1987). Distribution: Restricted to warmer regions of the Old World. D. citri has been introduced into the New World from tropical Asia (Ouvrard 2017).��� Colombia: Diaphorina citri (King 2012). Remarks: D. citri is found in Colombia in all areas where its host occurs (ICA 2012). In 2015 a new bacterial species, Candidatus Liberibacter caribbeanus, was reported from both D. citri and Citrus sinensis from the department of C��rdoba, although it is not clear if it causes HLB-like symptoms (Keremane et al. 2015). Moreover, that same year, the pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus was detected in the department of La Guajira (EPPO 2016) and the Colombian Agricultural Institute declared the country in state of phytosanitary emergency (ICA 2015). Examined material: Diaphorina citri: Antioquia: 4 (male, female), Medell��n, Univ. Nal. Col., 6��15'46"N, 75��34'40"W, 1479 m, 09-Oct-2012, Murraya paniculata (S. Fuel), UNAB 1093; 4 (male, female), Tarso, 629 m, 8- Jul-2010, on citrics (J. Palacino), ICN 0 82012. Caldas: 4 (male, female), Chinchin��, 4��36'11"N, 74��4'53"W, 1312 m, 22-Jun-2010, Citrus x limon (M. Melo), ICN 082030; 4 (male, female), Manizales, 5��4'34"N, 75��31'32"W, 1143 m, 22-Jun-2010, Citrus reticularata (M. Melo), ICN 082035; 4 (male, female), Sup��a, 5��27'1"N, 75��38'56"W, 898 m 22-Jun-2010, Citrus x limon ( M. Melo), ICN 082032; 4 (male, female), Sup��a, 5��27'1"N, 75��38'56"W, 898 m, 22-Jun-2010, Citrus reticulata (M. Melo), ICN 0 82028. Caquet��: 3 (female), Doncello, 1��41'24"N, 75��17'4"W, 398 m, 06-Sep-2014, Citrus reticulata ( H. Ar��valo), UNAB 1094. C��rdoba: 4 (male, female), Chinu, 9��03'76,8"N, 75��46'74,1"W, 94 m, 23-Jun-2010, Citrus x sinensis (N. Villareal), ICN 082048; 4 (male, female), S. Andr��s de Sotavento, 9��17'55.7"N, 75��49"93,9"W, 13 m, 28-Jun-2010, Citrus x paradisi (N. Villareal), ICN 082046; 4 (male, female), Monter��a, 32 m, 23-Jun-2010, Citrus x sinensis (A. Jim��nez), ICN 0 82045. Cundinamarca: 4 (male, female), Tocaima, 4��25'2,6"N, 74��42'34,99"W, 365 m, 12-Jun-2010, on orange (E. Ebratt), ICN 082022; 4 (male, female), Girardot, 4��17'55,26"N, 74��48'27,45"W, 281 m, 24-Jun-2010, on orange (E. Ebratt), ICN 082021; 4 (male, female), Fusagasug��, 4��20'20,64"N, 74��21'48,72"W, 1760 m, 9-Feb-2010, on orange (E. Ebratt), ICN 082017; 4 (male, female), La Mesa, 4��37'50,86"N, 74��27'43,56"W, 1273 m, 9-Mar-2011, on orange (E. Ebratt), ICN 082016; 4 (male, female), La Vega, 4��58'29,48"N, 74��19'40,62"W, 1293 m, 12-Mar-2011, Citrus reticulata (E. Ebratt), ICN 0 82014. Huila: 9 (male, female), Campoalegre, Vda. Los Rosales, Estaci��n Las Mulas, 2��36'59"N, 75��25'52"W, 607 m, 06-Sep-2014, Citrus limon ( D. Rend��n), UNAB 1094. Magdalena: 4 (male, female), Guamal, 9��10'24"N, 75��15'25,1"W, 38 m, 15-Jun-2010, Citrus x sinensis (E. L��pez), ICN 0 82037. Norte de Santander: 4 (male, female), Cucut��, 8��23'67,1"N, 72��30'44,2"W, 375 m, 9-Jun-2010, Citrus limon (A. Betancour), ICN 0 82025. Quind��o: 4 (male, female), La Tebaida, 4��27'N, 75��47'W, 880 m, 15-Jun-2010, on orange (J. Palacino), ICN 082052; 4 (male, female), Quimbaya, 4��38'N, 75��46'W, 1013 m, 15-Jun-2010, on orange (J. Palacino), ICN 0 82050. Tolima: 4 (male, female), Espinal, 328 m, 9-Jun-2010, Citrus limon (E. W. King), ICN 082034; 4 (male, female), Espinal, 335 m, 9-Jun-2010, on orange (E. W. King), ICN 082020; 4 (male, female), Coello, 287 m, 9-Jun-2010, on orange (E. W. King), ICN 0 82019. Valle del Cauca: 1 (female), Yotoco, El Dorado, Valle del Dorado, 3��50'04"N, 76��27'37"W, 609 m, 27-Nov-2013, Citrus x limonia (D. Rend��n), UNAB 1094; 4 (male, female), Caicedonia, 1185 m, 07-Jul-2010, Citrus x sinensis ���Valencia��� (C. G��mez), ICN 082049; 4 (male, female), Caicedonia, 1194 m, 8-Jul-2010, Citrus x sinensis ���Salustiana��� (C. G��mez), ICN 082047; 4 (male, female), Roldanillo, 4��38'08"N, 76��14'81"W, 937 m, 17-Jun-2010, Citrus x sinensis ���Valencia��� (C. G��mez), ICN 082043; 4 (male, female), La Uni��n, 972 m, 4��52'092N, 76��09'58"W, 18-Jun-2010, Citrus x latifolia (C. G��mez), ICN 082042; 4 (male, female), Toro, 975 m, 18-Jun-2010, Citrus x latifolia (C. G��mez), ICN 082040; 4 (male, female), Candelaria, 3��39'59,9"N, 76��37'87,7"W, 621 m, 18-Jun-2010, Citrus x sinensis ���Sweety��� (A. Arenas), ICN 0 82038., Published as part of Rend��n-Mera, Diana Isabel, Serna, Francisco & Burckhardt, Daniel, 2017, Generic synopsis of the jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Psylloidea) from Colombia in Zootaxa 4350 (3), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4350.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/1059233, {"references":["Bove, J. M. (2006) Huanlongbing: a destructive, newly-emerging, century-old disease of Citrus. Journal of Plant Pathology, 88 (1), 7 - 37.","Botero, V., Ochoa, A., Zamora, J. G., Ortiz Reyes, A., Fuel Tobar, S. M., Mona Florez, E., Mejia, L. M., Guarin, J. H., Orduz- Rodriguez, J. O., Chaparro-Zambrano, H. N. & Arevalo Penaranda, E. (2014) Identificacion de la dinamica poblacional de Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) en los cultivos de citricos de Colombia: una herramienta para implementar un sistema piloto de seguimiento de poblaciones del insecto vector del HLB. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellin, 87 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.13140 / 2.1.5056.6087","Gottwald, T. R., Graca, J. V. & Bassanezi, R. B. (2007) Citrus Huanglongbing: The Pathogen and Its Impact. Plant Health Progress, 2007, 1 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.1094 / PHP- 2007 - 0906 - 01 - RV","Burckhardt, D. (1984) The Mediterranean species of Diaphorina Loew (Homoptera, Psylloidea). Phytophaga, 2, 1 - 30.","Hollis, D. (1987 b) A new citrus-feeding psyllid from the Comoro Islands, with a review of the Diaphorina amoena species group (Homoptera). Systematic Entomology, 12, 47 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1987. tb 00547. x","Aubert, B. (1987) Trioza erytreae Del Guercio and Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Homoptera: Psylloidea), the two vectors of Citrus Greening Disease: Biological aspects and possible control strategies. Fruits, 42 (3), 149 - 162.","Ouvrard, D. (2017) Psyl'list - The World Psylloidea Database. Available from: http: // www. hemiptera-databases. com / psyllist (accessed 1 February 2017) https: // doi. org / 10.5519 / 0029634","King, C. W. H. (2012) Dispersion de Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) en el departamento del Tolima (Colombia). Revista Tumbaga, 7, 51 - 60.","Keremane, M. L., Ramadugu, C., Castaneda, A., Diaz, J. E., Penaranda, E. A., Chen, J., Duan, Y. P., Halbert, S. E. & Lee, R. F. (2015) Report of Candidatus Liberibacter caribbeanus, a new citrus- and psyllid-associated Liberibacter from Colombia, South America. The American Phytopathological Society. APS Annual Meeting, August 1 - 5. Pasadena, California, USA. Available from: http: // www. apsnet. org / meetings / Documents / 2015 _ meeting _ abstracts / aps 2015 abO 253. htm (accessed 9 October 2017)","EPPO (2016) ' Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' detected in Diaphorina citri in Colombia. EPPO Reporting Service, 3, 2016 / 0 62."]}

Pseudophacopteron Enderlein Diagnosis: Head wider than mesoscutum; vertex usually with ridges along median suture and on the sides; genae swollen below antennae forming tubercles directed outward and upward. Antennal segments slightly expanded apically; segments 3���8 of subequal length; terminal setae subequal and usually longer than segments 9 and 10 together. Forewing often broadly pyriform, sometimes elongate, apex rounded or truncate. Meracanthus short, broad and pointed. Metatibia without genual spine and with a crown of unsclerotised apical spurs and often with similar spurs along the length of the tibia; metabasitarsus with two apical spurs, sometimes very small or absent. Biology and damage: According to Malenovsk�� et al. (2007) effects on the host-plant ���range from a simple distortion of the leaves to the formation of structurally complex galls.��� Host-plants: Sapindales and Apocynaceae (Hollis 2004; Malenovsk�� & Burckhardt 2009). Distribution: Pantropical (Hodkinson 1989; Yang et al. 2009). Remarks: This genus was not found in the examined collections but it is recorded from Colombia by Hodkinson (1989). The genus is widely distributed in tropical South America but most species are undescribed (Ouvrard 2017; NHMB data)., Published as part of Rend��n-Mera, Diana Isabel, Serna, Francisco & Burckhardt, Daniel, 2017, Generic synopsis of the jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Psylloidea) from Colombia in Zootaxa 4350 (3), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4350.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/1059233, {"references":["Malenovsky, I., Burckhardt, D. & Tamesse, J. L. (2007) Jumping plant-lice of the family Phacopteronidae (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) from Cameroon. Journal of Natural History, 41 (29 - 32), 1875 - 1927. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930701515488","Hollis, D. (2004) Australian Psylloidea. Jumping plantlice and lerp insects. Australian Biological Resources Study (ABRS), Canberra, 216 pp.","Malenovsky, I. & Burckhardt, D. (2009) A review of the Afrotropical jumping plant-lice of the Phacopteronidae (Hemiptera: Psylloidea). Zootaxa, 2086, 1 - 74.","Hodkinson, I. D. (1989) The Biogeography of the Neotropical Jumping Plant-Lice (Insecta: Homoptera: Psylloidea). Journal of Biogeography, 16 (3), 203 - 217. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2845257","Yang, M. - M., Burckhardt, D. & Fang, S. - J. (2009) Psylloidea of Taiwan. Folume 1. Families Calophyidae, Carsidaridae, Homotomidae and Phacopteronidae, with overview and keys to families and genera of Taiwanese Psylloidea (Insecta: Hemiptera). National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 96 pp.","Ouvrard, D. (2017) Psyl'list - The World Psylloidea Database. Available from: http: // www. hemiptera-databases. com / psyllist (accessed 1 February 2017) https: // doi. org / 10.5519 / 0029634"]}

Limataphalara Hodkinson (Figs 12, 39, 40, 59, 77) Diagnosis: Vertex shorter than half its width; lateral ocelli adjacent to eye; occipital sclerite developed at anterior half of eye (Fig. 12, arrow); genal process absent. Antenna 1.0���1.2 times as long head width, segment 3 the longest; terminal setae longer than segment 10, subequal, pointed. Clypeus small, pear-shaped. Mesoscutellum and metascutellum raised, knob-like (Fig. 59). Forewing oblong-oval; well developed pterostigma and costal break; anal break adjacent to apex of vein Cu1b; veins R and M+Cu1 subequal, vein R almost straight; cell cu1 much larger than m1; marginal vein and apices of veins Rs, M1+2, M3+4 and Cu1a conspicuously lighter than rest of veins and membrane. Meracanthus short, stout and apically rounded; area beneath the meracanthus forming a rounded swelling (Fig. 39); metafemur apically and sometimes metatibia basally with stout long bristles (Fig. 40); metatibia with 7���10 apical spurs arranged in an open crown; metabasitarsus with two apical spurs. Biology and damage: Unknown. Host-plants: Nectandra (Lauraceae) (Burckhardt & Queiroz 2013). Distribution: Neotropic and Nearctic regions (Burckhardt & Queiroz 2013). Remarks: This is the first record of this genus in Colombia. Examined material: Limataphalara hollisi Burckhardt & Queiroz: Cauca: 1 (female), Popay��n, Vda. La Rejoya, Parcelaci��n Atardeceres de La Pradera, 2��30���27.54���N, 76��34���54.80���W, 1800 m, 24-Jan-2015 (D. Rend��n), UNAB 1494., Published as part of Rend��n-Mera, Diana Isabel, Serna, Francisco & Burckhardt, Daniel, 2017, Generic synopsis of the jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Psylloidea) from Colombia in Zootaxa 4350 (3), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4350.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/1059233

Diaphorina Löw (Figs 19, 63, 80) Diagnosis: Head and thorax granular and finely hairy. Head as wide as or slightly wider than pronotum; vertex 1.5–2.5 times as broad as long; genal processes well developed, of various size and shape (Fig. 19). Antenna 0.6– 1.0 times head width; apex black and slightly thicker; third segment slightly longer than fourth. Forewing from ellipsoidal to pyriform, widest in the middle or in apical half; frequently with pattern of brown maculae (Fig. 63); costal break present; pterostigma very narrow and elongate; cell m1 longer than cu1. Meracanthus large, hornshaped; metatibia without genual spine and with 5–9 apical spurs; metabasitarsus with 2 apical spurs. Male proctiger with hind-margin strongly bulged. Aedeagus 3-segmented. Biology and damage: Diaphorina citri is a major citrus pest in Asia and America as it is vector of the bacteria Candidatus Liberibacter spp., the causal agents of the devastating citrus greening disease or Huanglongbing (HLB) (Bové 2006; Botero et al. 2014). HLB symptoms include developing of yellow shoots and leaves with a blotchy mottled appearance, which can become asymmetrical, thicker with enlarged and eventually corky veins; the fruits are small, loop-sided with colour inversion and dark aborted seeds (Bové 2006; Gottwald et al. 2007). Host-plants: Species of the genus feed on plants from different orders (Burckhardt 1984; Hollis 1987b), although D. citri develops exclusively on rutaceous hosts (Aubert 1987). Distribution: Restricted to warmer regions of the Old World. D. citri has been introduced into the New World from tropical Asia (Ouvrard 2017).— Colombia: Diaphorina citri (King 2012). Remarks: D. citri is found in Colombia in all areas where its host occurs (ICA 2012). In 2015 a new bacterial species, Candidatus Liberibacter caribbeanus, was reported from both D. citri and Citrus sinensis from the department of Córdoba, although it is not clear if it causes HLB-like symptoms (Keremane et al. 2015). Moreover, that same year, the pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus was detected in the department of La Guajira (EPPO 2016) and the Colombian Agricultural Institute declared the country in state of phytosanitary emergency (ICA 2015). Examined material: Diaphorina citri: Antioquia: 4 (male, female), Medellín, Univ. Nal. Col., 6°15'46"N, 75°34'40"W, 1479 m, 09-Oct-2012, Murraya paniculata (S. Fuel), UNAB 1093; 4 (male, female), Tarso, 629 m, 8- Jul-2010, on citrics (J. Palacino), ICN 0 82012. Caldas: 4 (male, female), Chinchiná, 4°36'11"N, 74°4'53"W, 1312 m, 22-Jun-2010, Citrus x limon (M. Melo), ICN 082030; 4 (male, female), Manizales, 5°4'34"N, 75°31'32"W, 1143 m, 22-Jun-2010, Citrus reticularata (M. Melo), ICN 082035; 4 (male, female), Supía, 5°27'1"N, 75°38'56"W, 898 m 22-Jun-2010, Citrus x limon ( M. Melo), ICN 082032; 4 (male, female), Supía, 5°27'1"N, 75°38'56"W, 898 m, 22-Jun-2010, Citrus reticulata (M. Melo), ICN 0 82028. Caquetá: 3 (female), Doncello, 1°41'24"N, 75°17'4"W, 398 m, 06-Sep-2014, Citrus reticulata ( H. Arévalo), UNAB 1094. Córdoba: 4 (male, female), Chinu, 9°03'76,8"N, 75°46'74,1"W, 94 m, 23-Jun-2010, Citrus x sinensis (N. Villareal), ICN 082048; 4 (male, female), S. Andrés de Sotavento, 9°17'55.7"N, 75°49"93,9"W, 13 m, 28-Jun-2010, Citrus x paradisi (N. Villareal), ICN 082046; 4 (male, female), Montería, 32 m, 23-Jun-2010, Citrus x sinensis (A. Jiménez), ICN 0 82045. Cundinamarca: 4 (male, female), Tocaima, 4°25'2,6"N, 74°42'34,99"W, 365 m, 12-Jun-2010, on orange (E. Ebratt), ICN 082022; 4 (male, female), Girardot, 4°17'55,26"N, 74°48'27,45"W, 281 m, 24-Jun-2010, on orange (E. Ebratt), ICN 082021; 4 (male, female), Fusagasugá, 4°20'20,64"N, 74°21'48,72"W, 1760 m, 9-Feb-2010, on orange (E. Ebratt), ICN 082017; 4 (male, female), La Mesa, 4°37'50,86"N, 74°27'43,56"W, 1273 m, 9-Mar-2011, on orange (E. Ebratt), ICN 082016; 4 (male, female), La Vega, 4°58'29,48"N, 74°19'40,62"W, 1293 m, 12-Mar-2011, Citrus reticulata (E. Ebratt), ICN 0 82014. Huila: 9 (male, female), Campoalegre, Vda. Los Rosales, Estación Las Mulas, 2°36'59"N, 75°25'52"W, 607 m, 06-Sep-2014, Citrus limon ( D. Rendón), UNAB 1094. Magdalena: 4 (male, female), Guamal, 9°10'24"N, 75°15'25,1"W, 38 m, 15-Jun-2010, Citrus x sinensis (E. López), ICN 0 82037. Norte de Santander: 4 (male, female), Cucutá, 8°23'67,1"N, 72°30'44,2"W, 375 m, 9-Jun-2010, Citrus limon (A. Betancour), ICN 0 82025. Quindío: 4 (male, female), La Tebaida, 4°27'N, 75°47'W, 880 m, 15-Jun-2010, on orange (J. Palacino), ICN 082052; 4 (male, female), Quimbaya, 4°38'N, 75°46'W, 1013 m, 15-Jun-2010, on orange (J. Palacino), ICN 0 82050. Tolima: 4 (male, female), Espinal, 328 m, 9-Jun-2010, Citrus limon (E. W. King), ICN 082034; 4 (male, female), Espinal, 335 m, 9-Jun-2010, on orange (E. W. King), ICN 082020; 4 (male, female), Coello, 287 m, 9-Jun-2010, on orange (E. W. King), ICN 0 82019. Valle del Cauca: 1 (female), Yotoco, El Dorado, Valle del Dorado, 3°50'04"N, 76°27'37"W, 609 m, 27-Nov-2013, Citrus x limonia (D. Rendón), UNAB 1094; 4 (male, female), Caicedonia, 1185 m, 07-Jul-2010, Citrus x sinensis ‘Valencia’ (C. Gómez), ICN 082049; 4 (male, female), Caicedonia, 1194 m, 8-Jul-2010, Citrus x sinensis ‘Salustiana’ (C. Gómez), ICN 082047; 4 (male, female), Roldanillo, 4°38'08"N, 76°14'81"W, 937 m, 17-Jun-2010, Citrus x sinensis ‘Valencia’ (C. Gómez), ICN 082043; 4 (male, female), La Unión, 972 m, 4°52'092N, 76°09'58"W, 18-Jun-2010, Citrus x latifolia (C. Gómez), ICN 082042; 4 (male, female), Toro, 975 m, 18-Jun-2010, Citrus x latifolia (C. Gómez), ICN 082040; 4 (male, female), Candelaria, 3°39'59,9"N, 76°37'87,7"W, 621 m, 18-Jun-2010, Citrus x sinensis ‘Sweety’ (A. Arenas), ICN 0 82038.

Baeoalitriozus Li Diagnosis: Body dark, glossy, covered in long setae. Vein R+M+Cu1 of forewing strictly trifurcating. Hindwing usually reduced, at most half as long as forewing; sometimes scale-like. Metacoxa extended anteriorly, forming distinct pointed process. Metatibia with several indistinct basal teeth and 1+2 or 1+3 apical spurs. Male proctiger with well-developed posterior lobes. Biology and damage: In the Southern United States, Baeoalitriozus diospyri (Ashmead), the persimmon psyllid, causes leaves and shoots of its host to become stunted, twisted and curled (Mead 2012). Host-plants: Diospyros (Ebenaceae) (Yang et al. 2013). Distribution: Oriental, Afrotropical and Pacific Regions as well as New World (Yang et al. 2013). Remarks: This is the first record of this genus in Colombia. Examined material: Baeoalitriozus sp.: Magdalena: 1 (female), Villa de Culebra, nr. Bonda, ca. 10 km E Santa Marta, 01���11-Nov-1985 (H.-G. M��ller), MHNG., Published as part of Rend��n-Mera, Diana Isabel, Serna, Francisco & Burckhardt, Daniel, 2017, Generic synopsis of the jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Psylloidea) from Colombia in Zootaxa 4350 (3), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4350.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/1059233, {"references":["Mead, F. W. (2012) Persimmon Psylla, Trioza diospyri (Ashmead) (Insecta: Hemiptera: Psyllidae). Available from: http: // www. growables. org / information / TropicalFruit / documents / PersimmonPsyllaTriozaDiospyri. pdf (accessed 7 July 2017)","Yang, M. M., Burckhardt, D. & Fang, S. J. (2013) Psylloidea of Taiwan. Folume II. Family Triozidae. National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 160 pp."]}

Platycorypha Tuthill (Figs 32, 82) Diagnosis: Head wider than mesoscutum. Vertex more than twice as broad as long; genal processes absent but genae broadly rounded and swollen (Fig. 32). Antennae 3.0���3.5 times as long as head width; segment 8 the longest; terminal setae subequal and shorter than segment 10. Clypeus pyriform, apically with a pair of long setae. Forewing broadest in basal half or in the middle, more or less strongly narrowing towards apex, rounded apically; pterostigma narrow and wedge-shaped. Meracanthus pointed, horn-shaped; metatibia with genual spine and 1+1+2+1 apical spurs; metabasitarsus with 2 apical spurs. Biology and damage: Platycorypha nigrivirga Burckhardt develops on new shoots, leaves and petioles of Tipuana tipu. The damage includes curling, spotting and abscission of leaves, as well as growth of sooty mould due to honeydew production by the immatures (Santana et al. 2010). Host-plants: Fabaceae (Hodkinson 1989). Distribution: Neotropical (Hodkinson 1989); Platycorypha nigrivirga was introduced into North America, South Africa and the Mediterranean. Examined material: Platycorypha magnifrons Crawford: Magdalena: 15 (male, female), Santa Marta, Villa Culebra near Bonda, 1���11-Nov-1985, colour pan (H. G. M��ller), MHNG.��� Platycorypha sp.: Magdalena: 1 (female), Santa Marta, Villa Culebra near Bonda, 1-11-Nov-1985, colour pan (H. G. M��ller), IAvH-E-161420; 1 (female), Santa Marta, Villa Culebra near Bonda, 1-11-Nov-1985, colour pan (H. G. M��ller) IAvH-E-161421; 1 (female), Santa Marta, Villa Culebra near Bonda, 1-11-Nov-1985, colour pan (H. G. M��ller), IAvH-E-161422; 4 (male, female), Santa Marta, Mar-76, �����rbol de tr��bol��� (L. Ceballos & J. Avila), CTNI 53., Published as part of Rend��n-Mera, Diana Isabel, Serna, Francisco & Burckhardt, Daniel, 2017, Generic synopsis of the jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Psylloidea) from Colombia in Zootaxa 4350 (3), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4350.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/1059233, {"references":["Santana, D. L. Q., Burckhardt, D. & Aguiar, A. M. F. (2010) First record of Platycorypha nigrivirga Burckhardt (Hemiptera: Psylloidea), in Tipuana tipu (Benth.), from Brazil. Neotropical Entomology, 35 (6), 861 - 863. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1519 - 566 X 2006000600022","Hodkinson, I. D. (1989) The Biogeography of the Neotropical Jumping Plant-Lice (Insecta: Homoptera: Psylloidea). Journal of Biogeography, 16 (3), 203 - 217. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2845257"]}

Ctenarytaina Ferris & Klyver (Figs 13, 41, 47, 77) Diagnosis: Head strongly deflected; genal processes cone-shaped, shorter than half the vertex length (Fig. 13). Antenna scarcely longer than head width, terminal setae strongly unequal; pterostigma present (Fig. 47). Metacoxa with tubercular meracanthus; mesotibia with a longitudinal outer apical comb of short bristles (Fig. 41). Biology and damage: Ctenarytaina eucalypti and C. spatulata are considered pests in plantations of Eucalyptus (Burckhardt et al. 1999; Santana & Burckhardt 2007). Immatures of both species live in colonies feeding on young plants or shoots, secreting waxy filaments and honeydew (Cadahia 1980; Santana & Burckhardt 2007), the latter promoting the growth of sooty mould (Santana et al. 1999; Pinz��n et al. 2002; Santana & Burckhardt 2007). Reported damage for C. eucalypti includes dessication, distortion and deformation of leafs and shoots, which acquire a blackish gray coloration (Cadahia 1980). Host-plants: Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) (Taylor 1997; Burckhardt et al. 1999; Hollis 2004). Distribution: Indo-Australian and African genus (Burckhardt 1994b; NHMB data), some Australian species introduced into Africa, America, Asia, Europe and New Zealand (Burckhardt & Queiroz 2012).��� Colombia: Ctenarytaina eucalypti (Pinz��n et al. 2002). Remarks: This is the first record of Ctenarytaina spatulata in Colombia. Examined material: Ctenarytaina eucalypti: Boyac��: 2 (female), Topaga, 5��46'1"N, 72��40'59"W, 2900 m, 30-Jun-2012 (L. Buitrago), UNAB 1143.��� Ctenarytaina spatulata: Cundinamarca: 1 (female), Bogot��, Univ. Nal. Col., 4��38'N, 74��05'W, 2604 m, 21-Aug-2012 (L. Zubieta), UNAB 1144., Published as part of Rend��n-Mera, Diana Isabel, Serna, Francisco & Burckhardt, Daniel, 2017, Generic synopsis of the jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Psylloidea) from Colombia in Zootaxa 4350 (3), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4350.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/1059233, {"references":["Santana, D. L. de Q. & Burckhardt, D. (2007) Introduced Eucalyptus psyllids in Brazil. Journal of Forestry Research, 12, 337 - 344. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10310 - 007 - 0035 - 7","Cadahia, D. (1980) Proximidad de dos nuevos enemigos de los Eucalyptus en Espana. Boletin del Servicio de Plagas, 6, 165 - 192.","Taylor, K. L. (1997) A new Australian species of Ctenarytaina Ferris and Klyver (Hemiptera: Psyllidae: Spondyliaspidinae) established in three other countries. Australian Journal of Entomology, 36, 113 - 115. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 6055.1997. tb 01442. x","Hollis, D. (2004) Australian Psylloidea. Jumping plantlice and lerp insects. Australian Biological Resources Study (ABRS), Canberra, 216 pp.","Burckhardt, D. (1994 b) Psylloid pests of temperate and subtropical crop and ornamental plants (Hemiptera, Psylloidea): A review. Trends in Agricultural Sciences, Entomology, 2, 173 - 186."]}

Calophya L��w (Figs 22, 23, 71, 81) Diagnosis: Head a little wider than mesonotum, with posterior margin slightly concave; genal processes often present, of variable size and shape (Fig. 22); genae with a prominent basal swelling below the eye (Fig. 23, arrow). Antennae short, about as long as head width; sometimes with less than 10 segments; segment 3 always the longest; terminal setae usually much longer than segment 10. Forewing of variable shape; pterostigma present but may be very narrow; costal break present; cell cu1 large, m1 small; anal break in distance of apex of Cu1b. Meracanthus short, pointed and straight; metatibia without genual spine and 1+(2���5) apical spurs; metabasitarsus without apical spurs. Biology and damage: Immatures of Calophya schini induce pit galls on leaves, shoots and buds of Schinus molle (Anacardiaceae) (Fig. 71). High infestation produces tissue deformation due to elevated number of galls, which may result in premature defoliation and dessication of branches (Pinz��n & Gonz��lez 2002). Host-plants: Sapindales; one species on Fouquieria (Fouquieriaceae, Violales) and one perhaps associated with Phoradendron (Santalaceae, Santalales) (Burckhardt & Basset 2000; Mendez et al. 2016). Distribution: Cosmopolitan except for Afrotropical and west Palaearctic regions (Burckhardt & Basset 2000).��� Colombia: Calophya schini (Pinz��n & Gonz��lez 2002). Examined material: Calophya schini: Cundinamarca: 6 (male, female), Bogot��, Univ. Nal. Col., 4��63'N, 74��08'W, 2603 m, 29-Jan-2014, Schinus molle (R. Simbaqueba), UNAB 1374; 4 (male, female), Bogot��, Univ. Nal. Col., 4��38.302���N, 74��5.177'W, 2624 m, 5-Feb-2015, Schinus molle (J. D��az), UNAB 1374; 1 (male), Bogot��, Univ. Nal. Col., 4��38'N, 74��05'W, 2603 m, 21-Aug-2012 (L. Zubieta), UNAB 1374.��� Calophya sp.: Magdalena: 1 (male), PNN Tayrona: Pueblito, 11��20���N, 74��2���W, 225 m, 26-Oct���22-Nov-2000, Malaise (R. Henriquez) IAvH-E- 161385., Published as part of Rend��n-Mera, Diana Isabel, Serna, Francisco & Burckhardt, Daniel, 2017, Generic synopsis of the jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Psylloidea) from Colombia in Zootaxa 4350 (3), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4350.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/1059233, {"references":["Pinzon, O. P. & Gonzalez, R. H. (2002) Caracterizacion biologica, habitos, enemigos naturales y fluctuacion poblacional de Calophya schini Tuthill, en la especie forestal ornamental Schinus molle L. en Bogota. Revista Cientifica, 2002, 137 - 154.","Burckhardt, D. & Basset, Y. (2000) The jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) associated with Schinus (Anacardiaceae): systematics, biogeography and host plant relationships. Journal of Natural History, 34, 57 - 155. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 002229300299688","Mendez, P., Burckhardt, D. n Equihua-Martinez, A., Valdez Carrasco, J. M., & Estrada-Venegas, E. G. (2016) Jumping Plant Lice of the genus Calophya (Hemiptera: Calophyidea) in Mexico. Florida Entomologist, 99 (3), 417 - 425. https: // doi. org / 10.1653 / 024.099.0312"]}

Limbopsylla p. p. Brown & Hodkinson Diagnosis: Genal processes long and slender. Antennal segment 8 the longest; terminal setae truncate, shorter than segment 10, one setae about half the length of the other. Clypeus pyriform. Forewing obovate, rounded apically; costal break present. Meracanthus prominent; metatibia with genual spine and apical spurs grouped; metabasitarsus with two apical spurs. Biology and damage: The immatures are free-living on the lower leaf surface and secrete conspicuous wax threads (D. Burckhardt, personal observation). Host-plants: Guatteria (Annonaceae) (NHMB data). Distribution: Endemic to the New World (NHMB data). Remarks: Limbopsylla was erected for some unrelated species with unclear relationships (Brown & Hodkinson 1988). Ongoing research (D. Burckhardt, personal observation) suggests that L. nata Brown & Hodkinson is closely related to Platycorypha (Psyllinae). The series from Colombia which we examined (USNM) is an undescribed species close to L. nigrivenis Brown & Hodkinson. The two belong to a group of species developing on Guatteria. Their immatures are clearly of ciriacremine type. Examined material: Limbopsylla sp.: Meta: 4 (male, female), Restrepo, 2-Oct-1965 (J. A. Ramos), USNM.

Acizzia Heslop-Harrison (Figs 26, 54, 75, 76, 82) Diagnosis: Genal processes shorter than vertex, rounded or conical (Fig. 26). Forewing oblong-oval; with or without pattern; costal break present; tapered pterostigma; cell cu1 high, leaning towards the base of wing (Fig. 54). Metabasitarsus with 1 or 2 apical spurs. Male proctiger with a conspicuous posterior lobe which may or may not bear a secondary finger-like appendage. Biology and damage: Attacks are mainly on young parts, causing chlorosis and necrosis and promoting the development of sooty mould due to the secretion of honeydew (Burckhardt 1993). Immatures produce wax threads and tend to accumulate on axils of leaves, inflorescences and just below the flower buds (Fig. 75). When the population is high, they can also be found along the leaves (Fig. 76) (field observation). Host-plants: Predominantly on Acacia and Albizzia (Fabaceae) but also on other plant families such as Capparidaceae, Loranthaceae, Proteaceae, Sapindaceae and Solanaceae (Taylor & Kent 2013). Distribution: Old World. Some Australian species such as Acizzia uncatoides were introduced into other continents (Ouvrard 2017).��� Colombia: Acizzia uncatoides (Hodkinson 1988). Remarks: This is the first record of Acizzia acaciaebaileyanae in South America. Examined material: Acizzia uncatoides: Cundinamarca: 8 (male, female), Bogot��, Teusaquillo: Barrio Belalc��zar, 4��38���16.40���N, 74��4���39.73���W, 2562 m, 29-Jan-2015, Acacia sp. (C. Mera), UNAB 1479; 9 (male, female), Bogot��, 2-Mar-1981, Acacia sp. (N. Ru��z), CTNI 54; 1 (male), Bogot��, Jard��n Bot��nico, cerca Avenida Jos�� Celestino Mutis, 5-Feb-1991 (Isabel de Ar��valo), ICN 090475; 1 (female); Subachoque, Agrobosques S.A, 23-Jan-1991 (Isabel de Ar��valo), ICN 090477; 1 (female), Bogot��, Jard��n Bot��nico, cerca Avenida Jos�� Celestino Mutis, 5-Feb-1991 (Isabel de Ar��valo), ICN 090476; 1 (male), Subachoque, Borde de carretera, 31-Jan-1990 (Isabel de Ar��valo), ICN 0 90479. Huila: 1 (male), El Pital, Vda. El Carmen, 2��16'N, 75��48'W, 921 m, 02-Nov- 2009 (D. Brice��o), UNAB 1488.��� Acizzia acaciaebaileyanae: Cundinamarca: 4 (male, female), Bogot��, Teusaquillo: Barrio Belalc��zar, 4��38'12.46 "N, W 74��4���43.85", 2562 m, 18-Feb-2015, Acacia sp. (D. Rend��n), UNAB 1488., Published as part of Rend��n-Mera, Diana Isabel, Serna, Francisco & Burckhardt, Daniel, 2017, Generic synopsis of the jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Psylloidea) from Colombia in Zootaxa 4350 (3), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4350.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/1059233, {"references":["Burckhardt, D. (1993) Psilidos (Homoptera: Psylloidea) en cultivos y plantas ornamentales de climas tropicales o subtropicales. Proyecto de Modernizacion. Servicio Agricola y Ganadero. Departamento de Proteccion Agricola., Santiago, 67 pp.","Taylor, G. S. & Kent, D. S. (2013) Potential economic pests of solanaceous crops: a new species of Solanum - feeding psyllid from Australia and first record fromNew Zealand of Acizzia solanicola (Hemiptera: Psyllidae). Zootaxa, 3613 (3), 257 - 273. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3613.3.4","Ouvrard, D. (2017) Psyl'list - The World Psylloidea Database. Available from: http: // www. hemiptera-databases. com / psyllist (accessed 1 February 2017) https: // doi. org / 10.5519 / 0029634"]}

Trioza Foerster (Figs 35, 57, 83) Diagnosis: Trioza is a large artificial genus and a description is of no systematic value (Hollis 1984). Species included here are small to medium sized. Head narrower than or as wide as thorax, deflexed from longitudinal body axis; median suture of vertex present and normally complete; usually with genal processes which are not constricted basally (Fig. 35). Antenna short to moderately long, with a single subapical rhinarium on each of segments 4, 6, 8 and 9. Forewing hyaline, venation triozine; rounded or angular apically (Fig. 57), if pointed then point lying within cell m1; radular areas present only in m1, m2 and cu1; apex of Cu2 at some distance from apex of Cu1b. Metatibia with several basal spinules, a callus or a tooth, and 1+2 or 1+3 apical spurs; metabasitarsus without apical spurs. Male proctiger with anus apically directed. Biology and damage: Some New World Trioza species are associated with Persea species (Lauraceae). Effects on their host include leaf edge rolls, shoot and leaf distortion and formation of pit galls with growths on leaf surface (Hollis & Martin 1997). Host-plants: Many different plant families (Hollis 1984; Burckhardt 1988). Distribution: Cosmopolitan (Hodkinson 1989).��� Colombia: Trioza perseae Tuthill (V��lez 1973). Examined material: Trioza novalata Brown & Hodkinson: Magdalena: 3 (female), Santa Marta, Punta de Bet��n, 28-Oct-1985, 19-Nov-1985, light trap (H. G. M��ller), MHNG, NHMB.��� Trioza sp. 1: Antioquia: 2 (male), Santa B��rbara, 5��52���29"W, 75��33���58"W, 1800 m, Oct-1971, Persea americana (R. Velez), MEFLG 1926;��� Trioza sp. 2: 3 (male), Santa B��rbara, 5��52'29"N, 75��33'58"W, 1800 m, Oct-1971, Persea americana (R. Velez), MEFLG No. 1957.��� Trioza sp. 3: Norte de Santander: 1 (female), Toledo, Vda. Quebradagrande, Torres de Mejue, PNN Tam��, 7��30���N, 72��32���W, 3094 m, 29-Jan���05-Feb-2004, Malaise (C. Leal), IAvH-E-161386.��� Trioza sp. 4: Santander: 1 (male), Cimitarra, Corr. Puerto Olaya, Central Termocentro ISAGEN, 110 m, 31-Aug-2005, white light trap (M. Casta��o & C. Rivera), CEUA 89001; 1 (female), Cimitarra, Corr. Puerto Olaya, Central Termocentro ISAGEN, 110 m, 31-Aug-2005, white light trap (M. Casta��o & C. Rivera), CEUA 89002., Published as part of Rend��n-Mera, Diana Isabel, Serna, Francisco & Burckhardt, Daniel, 2017, Generic synopsis of the jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Psylloidea) from Colombia in Zootaxa 4350 (3), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4350.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/1059233, {"references":["Hollis, D. (1984) Afrotropical jumping plant lice of the family Triozidae. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, 49, 1 - 102.","Hollis, D. & Martin, J. H. (1997) Jumping plantlice (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) attacking avocado trees, Persea americana, in the New World, with a review of Lauraceae-feeding among psylloids. Bulletin of Entomological Reseach, 87, 471 - 480. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / s 000748530004133 x","Hodkinson, I. D. (1989) The Biogeography of the Neotropical Jumping Plant-Lice (Insecta: Homoptera: Psylloidea). Journal of Biogeography, 16 (3), 203 - 217. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2845257","Velez, R. (1973) Lista de insectos identificados para el Museo Entomologico de la Facultad de Ciencias Agricolas U. N. Medellin, durante los anos 1971 a 1973. Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia, 28 (2), 72 - 94."]}

Gyropsylla Br��thes (Figs 10, 77) Diagnosis: Head about as wide as mesoscutum; vertex about 1.75 times wider than long; genae not forming processes, but expanded as a lobe-like swelling between antennae and eyes; frons forming elliptical/elongate sclerite, closed below the genae. Clypeus tubular, extended perpendicularly to lower head surface, with shoulderlike constriction medially (Fig. 10, arrow). Antenna longer than head width; both terminal setae truncate, one approximately 3 times the length of the other. Forewing with costal break; pterostigma from short and broad to long and very narrow. Veins R and M+Cu1 subequal, vein M moderately curved; cell cu1 much larger than m1. Hind leg with small meracanthus; area beneath meracanthus forming a rounded swelling (Fig. 39); metafemur apically and metatibia basally with a group of long stout bristles (Fig. 40); metatibia without genual spine, with a dense crown of about 10 apical spurs; metabasitarsus with two apical spurs. Biology and damage: Immatures feeding on young shoots and leaves on which they induce blister-shaped galls. Immatures are covered in waxy secretions and produce lots of honeydew (Br��thes 1921; Iede & Machado 1989; Leite & Zanol 2001). Host-plants: Ilex (Aquifoliaceae) (Hodkinson 1989; Burckhardt & Queiroz 2013). Distribution: Neotropic, Neartic and Oriental regions (Burckhardt & Queiroz 2013). Examined material: Gyropsylla sp.: Nari��o: 15 (female) Pasto, Obonuco, Feb-1985, potato (N. Ruiz), CTNI 59., Published as part of Rend��n-Mera, Diana Isabel, Serna, Francisco & Burckhardt, Daniel, 2017, Generic synopsis of the jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Psylloidea) from Colombia in Zootaxa 4350 (3), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4350.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/1059233, {"references":["Brethes, J. (1921) Un nuevo Psyllidae de la Republica Argentina (Gyropsylla ilicicola Brethes). Revista de la Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 14, 82 - 89.","Iede, E. T. & Machado, D. C. (1989) Pragas da Erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis St Hill.) e seu controle. Boletim de Pesquisa Florestal, 18 / 19, 51 - 60.","Leite, M. S. P. & Zanol, K. M. R. (2001) Biologia e morfologia de Gyropsylla spegazziniana (Lizer y Trelles) (Hemiptera, Psyllidae). Acta Biologica Paranaense, 30 (1 - 4), 19 - 34. https: // doi. org / 10.5380 / abpr. v 30 i 0.598","Hodkinson, I. D. (1989) The Biogeography of the Neotropical Jumping Plant-Lice (Insecta: Homoptera: Psylloidea). Journal of Biogeography, 16 (3), 203 - 217. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2845257"]}

Triozoida Crawford (Figs 36, 58, 70, 83) Diagnosis: Head about as wide as mesoscutum, widely separated from prothorax (Fig. 70); hind margin strongly concave; lateral ocelli raised on tubercles; genal processes short, broad, subtruncate, peg-like, with long pubescence; separated with a U-shaped gap (Fig. 36), with a small dorsoapical tubercular swelling. Clypeus prominent with two apical setae. Antennae 1.5���2.5 times longer than head width; terminal setae subequal and pointed. Forewing acutely pointed apically (Fig. 58), with point outside m1; vein M+Cu1 present, greatly reduced; often with a dark stripe along veins R+M+Cu1 and base of R. Meracanthus large and pointed; metatibia with genual spine and with 2���4+(3���4) apical spurs. Biology and damage: Immatures of Triozoida limbata (Enderlein), covered in wax and producing honeydew, develop inside roll leaf galls on Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae). Further damage turn leaves yellow or reddish and subsequently become necrotic (Gallo et al. 2002). Host-plants: Myrtaceae (Hodkinson 1989). Distribution: Central and South America (Hodkinson 1989). Examined material: Triozoida limbata: Antioquia: 4 (male, female), Medell��n, 1479 m, 6��15'46"N, 75��34'40"N, Oct-1972 (A. Madrigal), UNAB 1141. Valle del Cauca: 6 (male, female), Caicedonia, Club de Caza y Pesca, 4��19���12.80���N, 75��49���40.40���W, 1100 m, Jan-2015, Psidium guajava (D. Rend��n), UNAB 1489. Caldas: 4 (female), Chinchin��, Nov-1971, Psidium guajava ( L. P��rez), CTNI 60. Cauca: 2 (male), Popay��n, Vda. La Rejoya, Parcelaci��n Atardeceres de La Pradera, 2��30���27.54���N, 76��34���54.80���W, 1800 m, 24-Jan-2015, Psidium guajava (A. Rend��n), UNAB 1489.��� Triozoida sp. 1: Cundinamarca: 1 (male), Guasca, km 46, Baccharis boyacensis (J. H. Torres), ICN 090480.��� Triozoida sp. 2: Boyac��: 3 (male, female), Moniquir��, 6-Feb-1991, leaves of Psidium guajava (F. Mosquera), CTNI 62., Published as part of Rend��n-Mera, Diana Isabel, Serna, Francisco & Burckhardt, Daniel, 2017, Generic synopsis of the jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Psylloidea) from Colombia in Zootaxa 4350 (3), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4350.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/1059233, {"references":["Gallo, D., Nakano, O., Silveira Neto, S., Carvalho, R. P. L., Baptista, G. C., Berti Filho, E., Parra, J. R. P., Zucchi, R. A., Alves, S. B., Vendramim, J. D., Marchini, L. C., Lopes, J. R. S. & Omoto, C. (2002) Entomologia Agricola. Universidade de Sao Paulo. Escola Superior de Agricultura \" Luiz de Queiroz \". Fundacao de Estudios Agrarios, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, 920 pp.","Hodkinson, I. D. (1989) The Biogeography of the Neotropical Jumping Plant-Lice (Insecta: Homoptera: Psylloidea). Journal of Biogeography, 16 (3), 203 - 217. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2845257"]}

Tuthillia Hodkinson, Brown & Burckhardt (Figs 21, 64, 74, 80) Diagnosis: Head and thorax covered in conspicuous hairs (Figs 21, 64). Head as broad as or broader than thorax; vertex rectangular to trapezoidal; genal processes with the outer margin straight and the inner strongly convex from above; occipital sclerite may be developed as a tubercle; lateral ocelli raised on tubercles close to posterior margin of eye; anteorbital tubercles present (Fig. 21). Antenna 1.2–2.2 times the head width; segments 9 and 10 broader; setae on antennae longer than width of segments; segment 3 the longest; segment 10 longer than 9. Forewing somewhat rectangular, broad to very elongate; veins bearing prominent setae much longer than the diameter of veins; Rs long and sinuous; vein M1+2 strongly arched upwards; rs-m crossvein occasionally present; C+Sc and pterostigma somewhat thickened; costal break present. Meracanthus prominent; metatibia without genual spine and with a crown of 8–14 apical spurs; metabasitarsus with 2 apical spurs. Male proctiger densely hairy with broad posterior lobes. Biology and damages: Tuthillia cognata Hodkinson, Brown & Burckhardt represents a major pest in plantations of Myrciaria dubia, also known as camu-camu (Couturier et al. 1992). Damage includes curling of apical leaves which turn yellow and wither (Burckhardt & Couturier 1988), dessication of buds and terminal leaves preventing plant growth (Couturier et al. 1992); immatures are found inside the leaf-curls producing great amounts of waxy secretions (Burckhardt & Couturier 1988). T. myrcianthis Burckhardt, Queiroz, Marsaro Junior & Wyniger induces irregular blister galls on the adaxial surface of fresh leaves of Myrcianthes pungens. Inside the gall a colony of immatures develops which are covered in long threads of wax (Burckhardt et al. 2012). Specimens of Tuthillia latipennis Hodkinson, Brown & Burckhardt were collected in Colombia on Myrcianthes sp. whose leaves presented deformations as shown in Fig. 74; immatures were found in groups confined to those deformations, covered with threads of wax (field observation). Host-plants: Myrtaceae (Burckhardt & Queiroz 2012; Burckhardt et al. 2012; NHMB data). Distribution: Central and South America (Hodkinson et al. 1986). Remarks: This is the first record of this genus in Colombia. Examined material: Tuthillia latipennis: Cundinamarca: 8 (male, female), Bogotá, Teusaquillo: Barrio Belalcázar, 4°38'07"N, 74°04'41"W, 2624 m, 14-Feb-2015, Myrcianthes sp. (J. Rodas), UNAB 1478; 12 (male, female), Bogotá, Éxito de la 69, 4°40'17"N, 74°09'08"W, 2544 m, 13-mar-12 (F. Serna), UNAB 1478; 2 (male, female), Bogotá, 4°53'N, 74°08'W, 2603 m, 21-Aug-2012 (L. Zubieta), UNAB 1478.

Syncoptozus Enderlein (Figs 15, 49, 60, 77) Diagnosis: Body strongly depressed; wings held flat over body (Fig. 60). Head strongly flattened, slightly wider than mesoscutum, wedge-shaped (Fig. 15); lateral ocelli placed far forward; genal processes absent. Antenna with sculpture as rows of small spinules; bases of terminal setae well separated. Clypeus very small. Forewing (Fig. 49) with pterostigma small, short and somewhat thicker than membrane; vein Cu1 shorter than Cu1b and perpendicular to M and Cu1a; apex of Cu1b directed towards wing base; cell cu1 very long and low; bifurcation of M strongly diverging, hence cell m1 large, triangular and almost equilateral. Meracanthus absent or poorly developed; metatibia without genual spine, with (5���7)+1 apical spurs; metabasitarsus without spurs; all tarsal segments elongated; tarsal claws straight and long, appearing like a third tarsal segment. Biology and damage: Immatures are housed in roll leaf galls (Hodkinson 1990). Host-plants: Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) (Hodkinson 1989). Distribution: Neotropical (Hodkinson 1989). Remarks: This is the first record of the genus from Colombia. Examined material: Syncoptozus mexicanus Hodkinson: Cundinamarca: 11 (male, female), Bogot��, Teusaquillo, Estaci��n Transmilenio Univ. Nal., 4��38'8"N, 74��4'58"W, 2590 m, 25-Jan-2014, Magnolia grandiflora (R. Simbaqueba) UNAB 1373; 12 (male, female), Bogot��, Teusaquillo, Estaci��n Transmilenio Ciudad Universitaria, 4��37'56.04���N, 74��5'4.37���W, 2561 m, 25-Jan-2014, Moraceae (F. Serna), UNAB 1373., Published as part of Rend��n-Mera, Diana Isabel, Serna, Francisco & Burckhardt, Daniel, 2017, Generic synopsis of the jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Psylloidea) from Colombia in Zootaxa 4350 (3), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4350.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/1059233, {"references":["Hodkinson, I. D. (1990) A new species of Syncoptozus Enderlein from Mexico with a redefinition of the subfamily Togepsyllinae Bekker-Migdisova (Insecta: Homoptera: Psylloidea). Journal of Natural History, 24, 711 - 717. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939000770491","Hodkinson, I. D. (1989) The Biogeography of the Neotropical Jumping Plant-Lice (Insecta: Homoptera: Psylloidea). Journal of Biogeography, 16 (3), 203 - 217. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2845257"]}

Euceropsylla Boselli (Figs 28, 67, 82) Diagnosis: Head a little wider than mesonotum; lateral ocelli raised on tubercles; anteorbital lobes present; genal processes 0.3���0.8 times as long as vertex, subparallel sided or divergent, rounded apically and slightly upturned (Fig. 28). Antennae 2.6���5.0 times head width, segments 7 and 8 the longest; terminal setae truncate, one seta about half the other. Forewing obovate; pterostigma narrow, veins bearing short inconspicuous setae; veins M1+2 and Cu1a weakly arched. Meracanthus prominent; metatibia with genual spine and 5���6 grouped apical spurs. Male terminalia with bifid parameres. Biology and damage: Immatures are free-living and are found on young leaves on the lower leaf surface, excreting waxy secretions (field observation). Host-plants: Predominantly species of Inga (Fabaceae) (Hodkinson 1989). Distribution: Neotropical (Hodkinson 1989). Remarks: V��lez (1973) reported Psylla ingae Tuthill from Colombia. Brown & Hodkinson (1988) transferred the species to Euceropsylla and synonymised it with E. multiplex (Tuthill). This synonymy is questionable and Euceropsylla is in need of revision. Examined material: Euceropsylla sp. 1: Antioquia: 10 (male, female), Medell��n, 6��15���46"N, 75��34���40"W, 1479 m, Apr-1971, Inga sp. (A. Madrigal), MEFLG No. 1892.��� Euceropsylla sp. 2: Cauca: 3 (male, female), Popay��n, Vda. La Rejoya, Parc. Atardeceres de la Pradera, 1796 m, 2��30,459'N, 76��34,902W, 12-Jan-16, Inga sp. (D. Rend��n), UNAB 3442.��� Euceropsylla sp. 3: Cundinamarca: 1 (female), Bogot��, Univ. Nal. Col., 2602 m, 4��38'N, 74��05'W, 16-Aug-12 (L. Zubieta), UNAB 3443; 1 (male), Quipile, La Sierra, Vda. San Alejo, 1362 m, 4��47'60"N, 74��33'0,2"W, 28-May-11 (C. Vergel), UNAB 3443; 1 (male), Bogot��, Univ. Nal. Col., 2600 m, 4��40'04"N, 74��5'59"W, Moraceae, 15-Apr-2011 (D. Su��rez), UNAB 3443; 1 (female), Bogot��, Univ. Nal. Col., 2600 m, 4��38'N, 74��05'W, 8-Apr-2012 (D. Luna) UNAB 3443.��� Euceropsylla sp. 4: Valle del Cauca: 6 (male, female), Caicedonia, Club de Caza y Pesca, 1100 m, 4��19'12.80"N, 75��49'40.40"W, 7-Jan-2015, on Inga (L. Zuluaga), UNAB 3444.��� Euceropsylla sp. 5: Valle del Cauca: 7 (male, female), Yotoco, Reserva Univ. Nal. Col., 1566 m, 3��52'29.84"N, 76��26'5.09"W, 25-Nov-2013, on lower leaf surface of Inga sp. (D. Rend��n & A. Alvarez), UNAB 3445., Published as part of Rend��n-Mera, Diana Isabel, Serna, Francisco & Burckhardt, Daniel, 2017, Generic synopsis of the jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Psylloidea) from Colombia in Zootaxa 4350 (3), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4350.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/1059233, {"references":["Hodkinson, I. D. (1989) The Biogeography of the Neotropical Jumping Plant-Lice (Insecta: Homoptera: Psylloidea). Journal of Biogeography, 16 (3), 203 - 217. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2845257","Velez, R. (1973) Lista de insectos identificados para el Museo Entomologico de la Facultad de Ciencias Agricolas U. N. Medellin, durante los anos 1971 a 1973. Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia, 28 (2), 72 - 94.","Brown, R. G. & Hodkinson, I. D. (1988) Taxonomy and Ecology of the Jumping Plant-Lice of Panama (Homoptera: Psylloidea). E. J. Brill, Leiden, 304 pp."]}

Ctenarytaina Ferris & Klyver (Figs 13, 41, 47, 77) Diagnosis: Head strongly deflected; genal processes cone-shaped, shorter than half the vertex length (Fig. 13). Antenna scarcely longer than head width, terminal setae strongly unequal; pterostigma present (Fig. 47). Metacoxa with tubercular meracanthus; mesotibia with a longitudinal outer apical comb of short bristles (Fig. 41). Biology and damage: Ctenarytaina eucalypti and C. spatulata are considered pests in plantations of Eucalyptus (Burckhardt et al. 1999; Santana & Burckhardt 2007). Immatures of both species live in colonies feeding on young plants or shoots, secreting waxy filaments and honeydew (Cadahia 1980; Santana & Burckhardt 2007), the latter promoting the growth of sooty mould (Santana et al. 1999; Pinzón et al. 2002; Santana & Burckhardt 2007). Reported damage for C. eucalypti includes dessication, distortion and deformation of leafs and shoots, which acquire a blackish gray coloration (Cadahia 1980). Host-plants: Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) (Taylor 1997; Burckhardt et al. 1999; Hollis 2004). Distribution: Indo-Australian and African genus (Burckhardt 1994b; NHMB data), some Australian species introduced into Africa, America, Asia, Europe and New Zealand (Burckhardt & Queiroz 2012).— Colombia: Ctenarytaina eucalypti (Pinzón et al. 2002). Remarks: This is the first record of Ctenarytaina spatulata in Colombia. Examined material: Ctenarytaina eucalypti: Boyacá: 2 (female), Topaga, 5°46'1"N, 72°40'59"W, 2900 m, 30-Jun-2012 (L. Buitrago), UNAB 1143.— Ctenarytaina spatulata: Cundinamarca: 1 (female), Bogotá, Univ. Nal. Col., 4°38'N, 74°05'W, 2604 m, 21-Aug-2012 (L. Zubieta), UNAB 1144.

Ciriacremum Enderlein (Figs 27, 55, 66, 82) Diagnosis: Body matt, moderately covered with short hairs (Fig. 66). Head wider than pronotum; genae from slightly swollen to having well-developed processes; anteoccipital lobes present (Fig. 27). Antennae from 1.2 to more than 5.5 times longer than head width; segments bearing short hairs. Forewing ellipsoid, usually hyaline, rarely with dark pattern; pterostigma present; veins usually bearing short hairs; long crossvein rs-m present (Fig. 55). Protibia with or without a single seta dorsally; meracanthus prominent; metatibia with genual spine and 1+3+1 apical spurs. Biology and damage: Immatures are free-living (Hollis 1976). Host-plants: Caesalpinioid Fabaceae (Hollis 1976). Distribution: Afrotropical, one described species in the Neotropics (Hodkinson 1989). Remarks: This is the first record of this genus in Colombia. Ciriacremum setosum Crawford, reported from Guyana and Nicaragua (Hodkinson & White 1981), is the only described Neotropical species but the genus is represented by several undescribed species in Central and South America (NHMB data). Examined material: Ciriacremum sp.: Santander: 1 (female), Cimitarra, Corr. Puerto Olaya, Central Termocentro ISAGEN, 110 m, 31-Aug-2005, white light trap (M. Casta��o & C. Rivera), CEUA 89018. Magdalena: 1 (female), Parque Tayrona a pueblito, 21-Aug-1976 (C. Kluger & F. Mart��nez), IAvH-E-161403., Published as part of Rend��n-Mera, Diana Isabel, Serna, Francisco & Burckhardt, Daniel, 2017, Generic synopsis of the jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Psylloidea) from Colombia in Zootaxa 4350 (3), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4350.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/1059233, {"references":["Hollis, D. (1976) Jumping plant lice of the tribe Ciriacremini (Homoptera: Psylloidea) in the Ethiopian region. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology, 34 (1), 1 - 83.","Hodkinson, I. D. (1989) The Biogeography of the Neotropical Jumping Plant-Lice (Insecta: Homoptera: Psylloidea). Journal of Biogeography, 16 (3), 203 - 217. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2845257","Hodkinson, I. D. & White, I. M. (1981) The Neotropical Psylloidea (Homoptera: Insecta): an annotated check list. Journal of Natural History, 15 (3), 491 - 523. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938100770361"]}

Lanthanaphalara Tuthill (Figs 11, 77) Diagnosis: Head as wide as mesoscutum; vertex longer than half its width, anteriorly projected into lobes on each side of the coronal suture (Fig. 11); occiput strongly developed below the eyes; genae not forming processes. Clypeus subspherical. Antenna twice as long as head width. Forewing with pterostigma wide and short; veins M+Cu1 and R subequal. Hind leg with small, nipple-like meracanthus; area beneath meracanthus forming a rounded swelling (Fig. 39); metatibia twice as long as femur, without genual spine and with a crown of 8 apical spurs. Male proctiger with well-developed posterior lobes. Biology and damage: Unknown. Host-plant: Dunalia umbellata (Solanaceae) (Tuthill 1959). Distribution: Endemic to the Neotropics (Burckhardt & Queiroz 2013). Remarks: This is the first record of this genus in Colombia. Examined material: Lanthanaphalara cf. mira Tuthill: Nari��o: 5 (male, female) Pasto, 23-Aug-1961, shrubs (G. Bravo), CTNI 66., Published as part of Rend��n-Mera, Diana Isabel, Serna, Francisco & Burckhardt, Daniel, 2017, Generic synopsis of the jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Psylloidea) from Colombia in Zootaxa 4350 (3), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4350.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/1059233, {"references":["Tuthill, L. D. (1959) Los Psyllidae del Peru Central (Insecta: Homoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia Agricola, 2 (2), 1 - 27."]}

Baeoalitriozus Li Diagnosis: Body dark, glossy, covered in long setae. Vein R+M+Cu1 of forewing strictly trifurcating. Hindwing usually reduced, at most half as long as forewing; sometimes scale-like. Metacoxa extended anteriorly, forming distinct pointed process. Metatibia with several indistinct basal teeth and 1+2 or 1+3 apical spurs. Male proctiger with well-developed posterior lobes. Biology and damage: In the Southern United States, Baeoalitriozus diospyri (Ashmead), the persimmon psyllid, causes leaves and shoots of its host to become stunted, twisted and curled (Mead 2012). Host-plants: Diospyros (Ebenaceae) (Yang et al. 2013). Distribution: Oriental, Afrotropical and Pacific Regions as well as New World (Yang et al. 2013). Remarks: This is the first record of this genus in Colombia. Examined material: Baeoalitriozus sp.: Magdalena: 1 (female), Villa de Culebra, nr. Bonda, ca. 10 km E Santa Marta, 01–11-Nov-1985 (H.-G. Müller), MHNG.

Oozetetes lucidus Pérez-Benavides, sp. nov. Etymology. The species name is the Latin word lucidus, meaning bright, in reference to the bright body color of the female (Fig. 1). Material examined. Holotype female (UNAB, Catalogue No. 1191). Colombia, Caquetá, El Doncello, Vereda Anayacito, Farm Copoazú, N 1°40'2.33'' W 75°16'57", 337 m alt. Manually collected, on cocoa leaves, Theobroma cacao (Malvaceae). L. Pérez. Specimen entire (Fig. 1) with mesonotum flexed and mesosoma in contorted condition (Fig. 1); cardboard-point mounted. Diagnosis. Antenna dark except scape, pedicel and first funicular metallic green with blue-purple lusters under some angles of light (less distinctly so for first funicular, which has bluish-purple luster under some angles of light, Fig. 2); legs dark, femora and tibiae with bluish-green to purple lusters under some angles of light (Fig. 1); interorbital distance 0.26× head width; costal cell dorsally with band of setae along length; gaster with Gt1–Gt5 dark with coppery luster except laterally and posteriorly with bluish-green luster under some angles of light (Fig. 3); metasoma obviously longer than the mesosoma; fore wing uniformly light brown from near base of parastigma to apex; vanal area and cubital fold glabrous. Description. Female. Length 8.2 mm (Fig. 1), bright, with a color combination of green, blue and purple with coppery luster under some angles of light (Fig. 1). Head metallic green with blue-purple lusters under some angles of light, more conspicuously toward scrobal depression, parascrobal region, gena, postgena and interantennal region; scrobal depression bell-shaped, extending to anterior ocellus and reticulate-rugose; parascrobal region granulose to microreticulate with small, darkened, setiferous punctures (Fig. 2); frontoclypeal area with conspicuous white setae, excluding scrobal depression and upper parascrobal area; parascrobal area and vertex with setae brown and clearly longer than frontoclypeal setae. Mandible and palps black (Fig. 2). Antenna black except scape, pedicel and first flagellomere metallic green with blue-purple luster under some angles of light (less distinctly so for first funicular, which has bluish-purple luster under some angles of light) (Figs 1, 2); scape length, excluding radicle, 1.3 mm, pedicel 0.5 mm, and flagellum 3.4 mm. Pronotum metallic green with coppery and blue lusters laterally along anterior margin extending to propleuron; posterior margin with white setae, these being thicker and longer in posterodorsal angle. Mesoscutum metallic green with blue and purple lusters, reticulate-rugulose; midlobe of mesoscutum with reticulations becoming larger and more conspicuous posteriorly between smooth paralateral ridges, and uniformly setose with white setae except longitudinal parapsidal bands granulate and bare; outer lateral lobe of mesoscutum more conspicuously rugulose with white setae anteriorly. Scutellar-axillar complex metallic green with blue-purple luster (Fig. 4) and with evenly distributed dark setae; axilla rugulose; scutellum low convex, longitudinally cristate-strigose centrally. Tegula metallic green with blue luster and black margins (Fig. 4), granulate with some white setae more noticeable on anterior margin. Prepectus metallic green with coppery and blue lusters depending on angle of light, granulate and bare (Fig. 5). Mesothoracic pleurosternum metallic green except in ventral view transepisternal lines as parallel black bands (Fig. 6), otherwise metallic green with blue and purple luster under some angles of light and acropleuron posteriorly with slight coppery luster; acropleuron bare, but mesothoracic pleurosternum otherwise with white setae anterior to and ventrally between acropleural sulci; acropleuron reticulate-rugulose anteriorly but with region of minute-reticulate to granular sculpture medially below base of wings and with sculpture increasing in coarseness posteriorly to posterodorsal margin where reticulate-punctate (Fig. 5). Fore wing with marginal vein 3× as long as stigmal vein; postmarginal vein about 2× as long as stigmal vein; stigmal vein smoothly curved, uncus not readily distinguishable; costal cell ventrally densely setose along anterior margin as well as basally and apically, but bare posteriorly along submarginal vein, and dorsal surface with scattered setae along anterior margin except densely setose apically; vanal area and mediocubital fold bare; submarginal vein with line of setae and parastigma densely setose; fore wing uniformly light brown from near base of parastigma to apex, and with brown infuscation basally, including cubital and vanal folds and basal cell basally (Fig. 7); fore wing setae dark brown in both infuscate and more hyaline areas (Fig. 7); submarginal vein length 1.9 mm, marginal vein 1.1 mm, postmarginal vein 0.6 mm, and stigmal vein 0.4 mm. Legs with coxae metallic green, with blue and coppery lusters under some angles of light; trochanters dark brown; femora light brown basally and black distally, but with bluepurple and green metallic lusters under some angles of light; tibiae apparently black, with blue-purple lusters under some angles of light (Fig. 1); protarsus brown, meso- and metatarsi black; pro- and metacoxae densely covered with white setae, likewise femora and tibiae with numerous white setae but to a lesser extent; pretarsus densely covered by dark setae. Metanotum, and metapleuron metallic green with blue luster under some angles of light. Propodeum very short medially, with plical region dark brown with purple luster under some angles of light, bare and smooth along foramen but otherwise rugulose; callus metallic green with bluish luster, reticulate-rugulose and with white setae except bare along oblique band behind spiracle (Fig. 4). Metasoma obviously longer than the mesosoma; reticulate-rugose sculpture, in lateral view with setae distributed uniformly on each laterotergite; metallic green laterally, but ventrally with blue and coppery lusters (Fig. 3); first through fifth gastral tergites in dorsal view with between dark brown and black, but with coppery and purple lusters under some angles of light (Fig. 4); first gastral tergite with purple luster anteriorly under some angles of light (Figs 3, 4); syntergum with posterior margin curved and light yellow, giving the appearance of an edge; ovipositor sheaths light brown. Male. Unknown. Host. Unknown, but possibly the eggs of a cockroach (Blattodea). Remarks. Because of its entirely dark, bright green to blue color, O. lucidus (Figs 1–6) is very similar to O. splendens (Figs 12–15). However, O. lucidus has all legs similarly dark (Fig. 1), whereas in O. splendens the middle legs are mostly yellowish-orange and only the front and hind legs are dark (Fig. 15) [described by Walker (1862: 396) as “Legs bright green; tarsi black; middle femora and middle tibiae red, the latter with black tips”]. Walker (1862: 396) also described the metasoma as “Abdomen fusiform, narrower and a little shorter than the thorax” (Fig. 15). The mesonotum of the holotype of O. lucidus is in a flexed position and the mesosoma in a ‘contorted’ state sensu Gibson (1986) (Figs 1, 21). The mesosoma is therefore somewhat shorter than it would be in a more natural, uncontorted condition. This is because in a contorted state the pronotum, along with the head, is pulled back up over the anterior margin of the mesopleurosternum, thereby displacing the prepectus (Fig. 5) (see Gibson 1986 for mechanics). Even though the mesosoma would appear somewhat longer in an uncontorted female, it is still obviously shorter than the metasoma (Fig. 1). Females of O. bucheri are more conspicuously differentiated by having all the legs mostly orange (Figs 10, 11), whereas pale scapes readily differentiate females of O. testaticornis (Fig. 21) and O. nyctiboraphagus (Fig. 18). Although O. magniclavatus is also entirely dark, it is comparatively dull rather than bright and has a much shorter and more strongly clavate flagellum (Figs 8, 9) than that of O. lucidus (Fig. 1) and O. splendens (Fig. 14).

Oozetetes lucidus P��rez-Benavides, sp. nov. Etymology. The species name is the Latin word lucidus, meaning bright, in reference to the bright body color of the female (Fig. 1). Material examined. Holotype female (UNAB, Catalogue No. 1191). Colombia, Caquet��, El Doncello, Vereda Anayacito, Farm Copoaz��, N 1��40'2.33'' W 75��16'57", 337 m alt. Manually collected, on cocoa leaves, Theobroma cacao (Malvaceae). L. P��rez. Specimen entire (Fig. 1) with mesonotum flexed and mesosoma in contorted condition (Fig. 1); cardboard-point mounted. Diagnosis. Antenna dark except scape, pedicel and first funicular metallic green with blue-purple lusters under some angles of light (less distinctly so for first funicular, which has bluish-purple luster under some angles of light, Fig. 2); legs dark, femora and tibiae with bluish-green to purple lusters under some angles of light (Fig. 1); interorbital distance 0.26�� head width; costal cell dorsally with band of setae along length; gaster with Gt1���Gt5 dark with coppery luster except laterally and posteriorly with bluish-green luster under some angles of light (Fig. 3); metasoma obviously longer than the mesosoma; fore wing uniformly light brown from near base of parastigma to apex; vanal area and cubital fold glabrous. Description. Female. Length 8.2 mm (Fig. 1), bright, with a color combination of green, blue and purple with coppery luster under some angles of light (Fig. 1). Head metallic green with blue-purple lusters under some angles of light, more conspicuously toward scrobal depression, parascrobal region, gena, postgena and interantennal region; scrobal depression bell-shaped, extending to anterior ocellus and reticulate-rugose; parascrobal region granulose to microreticulate with small, darkened, setiferous punctures (Fig. 2); frontoclypeal area with conspicuous white setae, excluding scrobal depression and upper parascrobal area; parascrobal area and vertex with setae brown and clearly longer than frontoclypeal setae. Mandible and palps black (Fig. 2). Antenna black except scape, pedicel and first flagellomere metallic green with blue-purple luster under some angles of light (less distinctly so for first funicular, which has bluish-purple luster under some angles of light) (Figs 1, 2); scape length, excluding radicle, 1.3 mm, pedicel 0.5 mm, and flagellum 3.4 mm. Pronotum metallic green with coppery and blue lusters laterally along anterior margin extending to propleuron; posterior margin with white setae, these being thicker and longer in posterodorsal angle. Mesoscutum metallic green with blue and purple lusters, reticulate-rugulose; midlobe of mesoscutum with reticulations becoming larger and more conspicuous posteriorly between smooth paralateral ridges, and uniformly setose with white setae except longitudinal parapsidal bands granulate and bare; outer lateral lobe of mesoscutum more conspicuously rugulose with white setae anteriorly. Scutellar-axillar complex metallic green with blue-purple luster (Fig. 4) and with evenly distributed dark setae; axilla rugulose; scutellum low convex, longitudinally cristate-strigose centrally. Tegula metallic green with blue luster and black margins (Fig. 4), granulate with some white setae more noticeable on anterior margin. Prepectus metallic green with coppery and blue lusters depending on angle of light, granulate and bare (Fig. 5). Mesothoracic pleurosternum metallic green except in ventral view transepisternal lines as parallel black bands (Fig. 6), otherwise metallic green with blue and purple luster under some angles of light and acropleuron posteriorly with slight coppery luster; acropleuron bare, but mesothoracic pleurosternum otherwise with white setae anterior to and ventrally between acropleural sulci; acropleuron reticulate-rugulose anteriorly but with region of minute-reticulate to granular sculpture medially below base of wings and with sculpture increasing in coarseness posteriorly to posterodorsal margin where reticulate-punctate (Fig. 5). Fore wing with marginal vein 3�� as long as stigmal vein; postmarginal vein about 2�� as long as stigmal vein; stigmal vein smoothly curved, uncus not readily distinguishable; costal cell ventrally densely setose along anterior margin as well as basally and apically, but bare posteriorly along submarginal vein, and dorsal surface with scattered setae along anterior margin except densely setose apically; vanal area and mediocubital fold bare; submarginal vein with line of setae and parastigma densely setose; fore wing uniformly light brown from near base of parastigma to apex, and with brown infuscation basally, including cubital and vanal folds and basal cell basally (Fig. 7); fore wing setae dark brown in both infuscate and more hyaline areas (Fig. 7); submarginal vein length 1.9 mm, marginal vein 1.1 mm, postmarginal vein 0.6 mm, and stigmal vein 0.4 mm. Legs with coxae metallic green, with blue and coppery lusters under some angles of light; trochanters dark brown; femora light brown basally and black distally, but with bluepurple and green metallic lusters under some angles of light; tibiae apparently black, with blue-purple lusters under some angles of light (Fig. 1); protarsus brown, meso- and metatarsi black; pro- and metacoxae densely covered with white setae, likewise femora and tibiae with numerous white setae but to a lesser extent; pretarsus densely covered by dark setae. Metanotum, and metapleuron metallic green with blue luster under some angles of light. Propodeum very short medially, with plical region dark brown with purple luster under some angles of light, bare and smooth along foramen but otherwise rugulose; callus metallic green with bluish luster, reticulate-rugulose and with white setae except bare along oblique band behind spiracle (Fig. 4). Metasoma obviously longer than the mesosoma; reticulate-rugose sculpture, in lateral view with setae distributed uniformly on each laterotergite; metallic green laterally, but ventrally with blue and coppery lusters (Fig. 3); first through fifth gastral tergites in dorsal view with between dark brown and black, but with coppery and purple lusters under some angles of light (Fig. 4); first gastral tergite with purple luster anteriorly under some angles of light (Figs 3, 4); syntergum with posterior margin curved and light yellow, giving the appearance of an edge; ovipositor sheaths light brown. Male. Unknown. Host. Unknown, but possibly the eggs of a cockroach (Blattodea). Remarks. Because of its entirely dark, bright green to blue color, O. lucidus (Figs 1���6) is very similar to O. splendens (Figs 12���15). However, O. lucidus has all legs similarly dark (Fig. 1), whereas in O. splendens the middle legs are mostly yellowish-orange and only the front and hind legs are dark (Fig. 15) [described by Walker (1862: 396) as ���Legs bright green; tarsi black; middle femora and middle tibiae red, the latter with black tips���]. Walker (1862: 396) also described the metasoma as ���Abdomen fusiform, narrower and a little shorter than the thorax��� (Fig. 15). The mesonotum of the holotype of O. lucidus is in a flexed position and the mesosoma in a ���contorted��� state sensu Gibson (1986) (Figs 1, 21). The mesosoma is therefore somewhat shorter than it would be in a more natural, uncontorted condition. This is because in a contorted state the pronotum, along with the head, is pulled back up over the anterior margin of the mesopleurosternum, thereby displacing the prepectus (Fig. 5) (see Gibson 1986 for mechanics). Even though the mesosoma would appear somewhat longer in an uncontorted female, it is still obviously shorter than the metasoma (Fig. 1). Females of O. bucheri are more conspicuously differentiated by having all the legs mostly orange (Figs 10, 11), whereas pale scapes readily differentiate females of O. testaticornis (Fig. 21) and O. nyctiboraphagus (Fig. 18). Although O. magniclavatus is also entirely dark, it is comparatively dull rather than bright and has a much shorter and more strongly clavate flagellum (Figs 8, 9) than that of O. lucidus (Fig. 1) and O. splendens (Fig. 14)., Published as part of P��rez-Benavides, A. Lucia, Serna, Francisco & Gibson, Gary A. P., 2016, A new species of Oozetetes De Santis (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae) from Colombia with an updated key for the bucheri species-group in Zootaxa 4084 (3), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4084.3.8, http://zenodo.org/record/1052231, {"references":["Walker, F. (1862) Notes on Chalcidites, and characters of undescribed species. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, Series 3, 1, 345 - 397.","Gibson, G. A. P. (1986) Mesothoracic skeletomusculature and mechanics of flight and jumping in Eupelminae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae). Canadian Entomologist, 118 (7), 691 - 728. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 118691 - 7"]}

Pérez-Benavides, A. Lucia, Serna, Francisco, Gibson, Gary A.P. (2016): A new species of Oozetetes De Santis (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae) from Colombia with an updated key for the bucheri species-group. Zootaxa 4084 (3), DOI: http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4084.3.8

La presente memoria de investigación presenta y discute los resultados de trabajos que estudian, por un lado, los efectos de dos factores ambientales, la temperatura y los niveles de CO2 en infecciones compatibles de plantas por virus de RNA de polaridad positiva, y también en el silenciamiento antiviral y en su supresión por factores virales. Y por otro lado estudia las propiedades del supresor de silenciamiento viral HCPro del Virus Y de la patata (Potato virus Y, PVY), mediante aproximaciones de biología celular y molecular. Para estudiar cómo incrementos en los valores de estos factores ambientales pueden afectar a las infecciones virales de plantas se estudió su efecto por separado en la infección de la planta Nicotiana benthamiana por varios de estos virus: el Virus del mosaico del pepino (Cucumber mosaic virus, CMV), PVY, y un vector de expresión derivado del Virus X de la patata (Potato virus X, PVX) vacio, o expresando los supresores de silenciamiento de PVY o de CMV, HCPro y la proteína 2b, respectivamente. En condiciones de elevada temperatura (30 ºC) o de elevados niveles de CO2 (970 partes por millón, ppm) se analizaron la acumulación viral sistémica, los síntomas de infección, y la actividad de los supresores de silenciamiento de estos virus, comparándolos con los obtenidos en las condiciones “normales” de 25 ºC y 401 ppm de CO2...