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Color change is often used as a proxy for the mineralogical transformations occurring in pottery according to their firing temperature. In this study we employed the non-destructive technique of Visible Near Infrared Spectroscopy (VNIR) to obtain a quantitative color recording on fired clay briquettes. These were prepared using clayey raw materials collected from northern Peloponnese and western Greece. This material has already characterized in terms of their chemical and mineralogical composition as well as some of their physical properties. The calcareous (or non-calcareous) composition of the raw materials is well mirrored in the VNIR color recordings of the experimental briquettes. The results obtained showed that the use of VNIR provides a more accurate, and reproducible approach, which can automate color recording in ancient artefacts, enabling a higher throughput and a fast screening and grouping. This was tested by applying the method on ancient pottery and treating it as unknown samples.

Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) can be evaluated by detecting the content of antioxidants, such as ascorbic acid, based on the enzyme-mimetic activity of nanomaterials. Herein, we fabricated a 3D-V2O5/NC nanocomposite using a self-templating strategy, which achieved ultrafine particles (∼2.5 nm), a porous carbon layer, large specific surface area (152.4 m2/g), N-doping and heterogeneous structure. The strong catalytic activity of 3D-V2O5/NC resulted from the integrated effect between the ultrafine structure of V2O5 nanoparticles and the 3D porous nitrogen-doped carbon framework, effectively increasing the number of active sites. This nanozyme presented a higher catalytic activity than its components or precursors in the nanocomposite (e.g., VN/NC, NC, V2O5, and VO2/g-C3N4). ROS scavenging experiments confirmed that the dual enzyme-like activity of 3D-V2O5/NC (catalase-like and oxidase-like) resulted from their co-participation of ‧O2-, h+ and ‧OH, among which ‧O2- played a crucial role in the catalytic color reaction. By virtue of the 3D-V2O5/NC nanoenzyme activity and TMB as a chromogenic substrate, the mixed system of 3D-V2O5/NC + TMB + H2O2 provided a low detection limit (0.03 μM) and suitable recovery (93.0-109.5%) for AA. Additionally, a smartphone-based colorimetric application was developed employing "Thing Identify" software to evaluate TAC in beverages. The colorimetric sensor and smartphone-detection platform provide a better or comparable analytical performance for TAC assessment in comparison to commercial ABTS test kits. The newly developed smartphone-based colorimetric platform presents several prominent advantageous, such as low cost, simple/rapid operation, and feasibility for outdoor use.

Background: Failure of treatment with gemcitabine in most cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) patients is due to drug resistance. The therapeutic potential of natural plant secondary compounds with minimal toxicity, such as cannabidiol (CBD), is a promising line of investigation in gemcitabine-resistant CCA. We aim to investigate the effects of CBD on gemcitabine-resistant CCA (KKU-213BGemR) cells in vitro and in vivo. Materials: In vitro, cell proliferation, colony formation, apoptosis and cell cycle arrest were assessed using MTT assay, clonogenicity assay and flow cytometry. The effect of CBD on ROS production was evaluated using the DCFH-DA fluorescent probe. The mechanism exerted by CBD on ER stress-associated apoptosis was investigated by western blot analysis. A gemcitabine-resistant CCA xenograft model was also used and the expression of PCNA and CHOP were evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis. Results: The IC50 values of CBD for KKU-213BGemR cells ranged from 19.66 to 21.05 µM. For a non-cancerous immortalized fibroblast cell line, relevant values were 18.29 to 19.21 µM. CBD suppressed colony formation by KKU-213BGemR cells in a dose-dependent manner in the range of 10 to 30 µM. CBD at 30 µM significantly increased apoptosis at early (16.37%) (P = 0.0024) and late (1.8%) stages (P < 0.0001), for a total of 18.17% apoptosis (P = 0.0017), in part by increasing ROS production (P < 0.0001). Multiphase cell cycle arrest significantly increased at G0/G1 with CBD 10 and 20 µM (P = 0.004 and P = 0.017), and at G2/M with CBD 30 µM (P = 0.005). CBD treatment resulted in increased expression of ER stress-associated apoptosis proteins, including p-PERK, BiP, ATF4, CHOP, BAX, and cytochrome c. In xenografted mouse, CBD significantly suppressed tumors at 10 and 40 mg/kg·Bw (P = 0.0007 and P = 0.0278, respectively), which was supported by an increase in CHOP, but a decrease in PCNA expression in tumor tissues (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: The results suggest that CBD exhibits potent anti-cancer activity against gemcitabine-resistant CCA in vitro and in vivo, in part via ER stress-mediated mechanisms. These results indicate that clinical explorative use of CBD on gemcitabine-resistant CCA patients is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of different preparation designs on the mean colour change (ΔE*), marginal adaptation, fracture resistance, and fracture types of maxillary and mandibular premolar endocrowns (ECs). Methodology: A total of 40 extracted maxillary and mandibular premolars were treated endodontically, and each type was subdivided according to the remaining axial height (remaining walls on all surfaces; 2–4 mm) and 2 mm inside the pulp chamber. Specimens were immersed in coffee for 14 days, ΔE* was determined, marginal adaptation was observed, fracture forces test was conducted, and the samples were examined visually at 10× magnification to evaluate failure type and identify fracture origin. The data were entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences, and significance between and within groups was evaluated through ANOVA. The p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The ΔE* values of the maxillary premolar with 2 mm axial height were the highest (6.8 ± 0.89 units), whereas the lowest value was observed in the mandibular premolar with 4 mm axial height (2.9 ± 0.53 units). Significant differences (p < 0.05) in teeth and design were observed. The marginal adaptation of the mandibular premolar with 4 mm axial height was the highest (30.20 ± 1.53 μm), whereas the lowest marginal adaptation was observed in the maxillary premolar with 2 mm axial height (14.38 ± 0.99 μm), and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The maximum fracture force was observed in maxillary premolars with 2 mm axial height (2248.15 ± 134.74 N), and no statistically significant difference (p = 0.07) was observed between maxillary and mandibular premolars at 4 mm axial height. Conclusion: The recorded ΔE* values of the ECs were within clinically acceptable values or slightly higher, and the marginal adaption values were within acceptable and recommended clinical values in µm. EC preparation with 2 mm axial height in both arches recorded the highest fracture forces. Type III (split fracture) failure was recorded as the highest in the maxillary and mandibular premolar ECs with different axial wall heights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entrapping bioactive ingredients like elderberry extract in hydrogels improves their stability and functionality in food matrices. This study assessed the effect of sequential thermal treatment with ultrasound (US) or high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) and treatment duration on pea protein–psyllium hydrogels as elderberry extract carriers. Measurements included color parameters, extract entrapment efficiency, physical stability, textural properties, microrheology, FT-IR, thermal degradation (TGA), SEM images, total polyphenols content, antioxidant activity, and reducing power. The control hydrogel was obtained using only thermal induction. Both treatments impacted physical stability by affecting biopolymer aggregate structures. Thermal and US combined induction resulted in hydrogels with noticeable color changes and reduced entrapment efficiency. Conversely, thermal and HHP-combined induction, especially with extended secondary treatment (10 min), enhanced hydrogel strength, uniformity, and extract entrapment efficiency (EE = 33% for P10). FT-IR and TGA indicated no chemical structural alterations post-treatment. Sequential thermal and HHP induction preserved polyphenol content, antioxidant activity (ABTS = 5.8 mg TE/g d.m.; DPPH = 11.1 mg TE/g d.m.), and reducing power (RP = 1.08 mg TE/g d.m.) due to the dense hydrogel structure effectively enclosing the elderberry extract. Sequential thermal and HHP induction was more effective in developing pea protein–psyllium hydrogels for elderberry extract entrapment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to compare the color changes in two different orthodontic clear aligner systems after submersion in various beverages for 14 days. The tested aligner systems were Taglus Premium made of polyethylene terephthalate glycol (the TAG group) and CA® Prodin+ made of a transparent copolyester and a thermoplastic elastomer (the PRO group). A total of 56 samples were firstly divided into two groups according to the tested system—TAG and PRO. Each group was subsequently divided in four subgroups according to immersion solution: A—artificial saliva, B—cola, C—coffee, D—red wine. Color measurements were performed on Days 1, 7 and 14 using a portable colorimeter and the CIE L*a*b* system. The obtained results showed significant color changes in both materials when exposed to coffee and red wine (p > 0.05). Samples in the PRO group showed a greater susceptibility to discoloration (higher ΔE values) when compared to the TAG group after submersion in cola (p = 0.025), coffee (p = 0.005) and red wine (p = 0.041) solutions. Statistical analysis revealed that all of the color parameters ΔL*, Δa*, Δb* and ΔE of both tested materials were affected by submersion in coffee solution for 14 days. In conclusion, the CA® Pro+ aligner system is more prone to staining compared to the Taglus material after submersion for 14 days in cola, coffee and red wine solutions. Submersion for 14 days in coffee solution alters all of the color parameters (ΔL, Δa, Δb and ΔE) of both tested aligner materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metalworking methods for silver and silver plated copper artefacts may strongly influence their corrosion behaviour. Various surfaces were generated on sterling silver coupons as well as silver plated copper coupons to simulate traditional shaping techniques and surface finishing procedures on historical silver artefacts. Coupons were either polished by hand, by a fabric disc on a polishing machine, or submitted to a hammering process in reference to the as-received state. All samples were subjected to various aging protocols, such as natural aging, a thioacetamide (TAA) gas test (NBN EN ISO 4538:1995) and a Na2S immersion test (NBN EN ISO 8891:1998). The various surface finishing procedures led to marked differences in the tarnishing behaviour which were evaluated by colorimetry, optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L-Phenylalanine (L-Phe), which is one of the essential amino acids, is important for the human body because it is used in the biosynthesis of neurotransmitters. Phenylalanine dehydrogenase (PheDH) has been studied as a material for the L-Phe sensor. In particular, the accurate and simple determination of L-Phe concentrations in human samples is needed for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with phenylketonuria. Thermostable PheDH from the bacterium Thermoactinomyces intermedius is suitable as a sensor material; however, it is reactive to not only L-Phe but also L-tyrosine (L-Tyr). Thus, we attempted to improve its substrate specificity for the accurate measurement of L-Phe. In this study, we developed the PheDH mutant with improved substrate specificity by amino acid substitution. The PheDH mutant, in which the 290th asparagine residue was substituted with aspartic acid (N290D), is considered to form a new interaction in the substrate binding site and has a markedly reduced reactivity with L-Tyr compared with the wild-type PheDH; the relative activities (L-Tyr/L-Phe) of the wild-type PheDH and the PheDH N290D mutant were 64.0 and 1.5%, respectively. An enzymatic assay using this mutant was established to quantify the L-Phe concentration in human plasma. The relative errors ranged from −10.3 to 7.4% when compared with the quantitative value determined by high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Furthermore, the immobilized mutant showed a concentration-dependent reactivity with L-Phe and no reactivity with L-Tyr, which indicate its potential use as a sensor material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

l-glutamate is an umami component found in various foods, and l-glutamate oxidase (LGOX, EC 1.4.3.11) is a FAD-dependent oxidoreductase that catalyzes the oxidative deamination of l-glutamate. A recently reported single-chain LGOX mutant from Streptomyces sp. X-119-6 is a potential material for l-glutamate sensors because this mutant is easier to prepare than the wild type. Herein, we report the development of a simple analytical kit using this LGOX mutant for the on-site quantification of l-glutamate. The kit named PACKTEST was developed using a colorimetric method to estimate the l-glutamate concentration in the range of 1–50 mg/L through the visual comparison of the resulting sample color with a standard color sequence. In addition, the PACKTEST kit was combined with a portable photometer for the spectrophotometric quantification of l-glutamate in the range of 0.5–12.0 mg/L. It was used to quantify l-glutamate in commercially available soy sauces, and the results were in good agreement (r = 0.97) with the values obtained by post-column derivatized ion-exchange chromatography. Furthermore, we loaded and dried all the reagents, including enzymes, on a 96- well plate to prepare an enzyme-based sensing device, which showed potential for the high-throughput quantification of l-glutamate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, chicken fry was made using batter prepared from a frying pre-mix that replaced wheat flour (WF) with floury rice powder (FRP) at ratios of 0% (control group), 25% (FRP-25 group), 50% (FRP-50 group), 75% (FRP-75 group), and 100% (FRP-100 group). The physicochemical and acceptability of the finished chicken fry were assessed to provide basic data for product development studies using FRP. The experimental groups that replaced WF with FRP showed higher water binding capacity and lower fat binding capacity than the control group (p<0.05). The viscosity of the batter decreased significantly as the proportion of FRP increased (p<0.05). The pick-up rate measurement results showed significantly lower values in experimental groups compared to the control group (p<0.05). The color measurement results of the chicken fry showed that as the substitution ratio of FRP to WF increased, lightness decreased, and redness increased (p<0.05). The browning index also showed a significant increase as the substitution ratio of FRP increased. The acceptance test results showed that the FRP-100 experimental group was significantly higher in all acceptability characteristics than the control group (p<0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In the fight against virus-caused pandemics like COVID-19, diagnostic tests based on RT-qPCR are essential, but they are sometimes limited by their dependence on expensive, specialized equipment and skilled personnel. Consequently, an alternative nucleic acid detection technique that overcomes these restrictions, called loop-mediated isothermal amplification following reverse transcription (RTLAMP), has been broadly investigated. Nevertheless, the developed RT-LAMP assays for SARS-CoV-2 detection still require laboratory devices and electrical power, limiting their widespread use as rapid home tests. This work developed a flexible RT-LAMP assay that gets beyond the drawbacks of the available isothermal LAMP-based SARS-CoV-2 detection, establishing a simple and effective at-home diagnostic tool for COVID-19. Methodology: A multiplex direct RT-LAMP assay, modified from the previously developed test was applied to simultaneously identify the two genes of SARS-CoV-2. We used a colorimetric readout, lyophilized reagents, and benchmarked an electro-free and micropipette-free method that enables sensitive and specific detection of SARS-CoV-2 in home settings. Results: Forty-one nasopharyngeal swab samples were tested using the developed home-testing RT-LAMP (HT-LAMP) assay, showing 100% agreement with the RT-qPCR results. Conclusions: This is the first electrically independent RT-LAMP assay successfully developed for SARS-CoV-2 detection in a home setting. Our HT-LAMP assay is thus an important development for diagnosing COVID-19 or any other infectious pandemic on a population scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have attracted extensive attention in the field of catalysis due to their excellent catalytic ability and enhanced atomic utilization, but the multi-mode single-atom nanozymes for biosensors remain a challenging issue. In this work, iron-doped carbon dots (Fe CDs) were loaded onto the edges and pores of Mo SACs with nanoflower morphology; accordingly, a composite material Fe CDs/Mo SACs was prepared successfully, which improves the catalytic performance and develops a fluorescence mode without changing the original morphology. The steady-state kinetic data indicates that the material prepared have better affinity for substrates and faster reaction rates under optimized conditions. The specific kinetic parameters K m and V max were calculated as 0.39 mM and 7.502×10−7 M·s−1 respectively. The excellent peroxidase-like activity of Fe CDs/Mo SACs allows H 2 O 2 to decompose into •OH, which in turn oxidizes colorless o -phenylenediamine (OPD) to yellow 2,3-diaminophenazine (DAP). At the same time, the fluorescence signal of Fe CDs/Mo SACs quenches obviously by DAP at 460 nm through internal filtration effect (IFE), while the characteristic fluorescence response of DAP gradually increases at 590 nm. Based on this sensing mechanism, a sensitive and accurate dual-mode (colorimetric and ratiometric fluorescent) sensor was constructed to detect H 2 O 2 and uric acid, and the rate of recovery and linearity were acceptable for the detection of UA in human serum and urine samples. This method provides a new strategy for rapid and sensitive detection of UA, and also broadens the development of SACs in the field of biosensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype with poor prognosis of breast cancer. Thiostrepton exerts anti-tumor activities against several cancers including TNBC. Herein we discussed the new molecular mechanisms of thiostrepton in TNBC. Thiostrepton inhibited MDA-MB-231 cell viability, accompanied by a decrease of c-FLIP and p-SMAD2/3. c-FLIP overexpression reduced the sensitivity of MDA-MB-231 cells to thiostrepton, while SMAD2/3 knockdown increased the sensitivity of MDA-MB-231 cells to thiostrepton. Moreover, c-FLIP overexpression significantly increased the expression and phosphorylation of SMAD2/3 proteins and vice versa. In conclusion, our study reveals c-FLIP/SMAD2/3 signaling pathway as a novel mechanism of antitumor activity of thiostrepton. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple and facile hydrothermal method was developed for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) adorned with two-dimensional (2D) heme-like Fe(III)-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)-porphine (TCPP-Fe) metal-organic framework (MOF) nanocomposite. Notably, the synthesized hybrid nanomaterial (AuNPs/TCPP-Fe hybrid nanosheets) exhibited excellent peroxidase (POD)-like nanoenzymes activity and Raman activity under ultrasound (US) and near-infrared (NIR) irradiation at physiological pH conditions. A cascade colorimetric-SERS dual-mode method was developed for sensitive and rapid cholesterol determination based on the excellent POD-like properties and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) activity of AuNPs/TCPP-Fe nanoenzymes. The TCPP-Fe nanoenzymes combined with cholesterol oxidase catalyze a cascade reaction to convert cholesterol to H2O2, which then oxidizes colorless, low Raman-activity 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to a blue, high-Raman-activity oxidation product (ox-TMB). The cholesterol in human serum of colorimetric-SERS was successfully assayed with good recovery from 97.8 to 103.7%. The study paves a new method for designing a nanocomposite-based SERS for biochemistry analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Imidazole is a five-membered heterocyclic ring containing three carbon atoms, two nitrogen atoms, and two double bonds. Among two nitrogen atoms, one of which carries with a hydrogen atom is a pyrrole-type nitrogen atom, another is a pyridine type nitrogen atom. Hence, the imidazole ring belongs to the π electron-rich aromatic ring and can accept strong suction to the electronic group. Moreover, the nitrogen atom of the imidazole ring is coordinated with metal ions to form metal-organic frameworks. In recent years, because of imidazole compounds' unique optical properties, their applications have attracted more and more attention in optical analysis. Thus, this review has summarized the synthesis, characterization, and application with emphasis on the research progress of imidazole compounds in optical analysis, including fluorescence probe, colorimetric probe, electrochemiluminescence sensor, fiber optical sensor, surface plasmon resonance, etc. This paper will suggest the direction for the development of imidazole-containing sensors with high sensitivity and selectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To collect color data of tetracycline staining in upper anterior teeth in Kunming, Yunnan area, study their color characteristics and distribution patterns. Methods A total of 100 tetracycline dental patients with an average age of 48 were randomly selected from Yan’an Hospital in Kunming City from January 2023 to December 2023. The VITA Easyshade Advance 4.0 wireless spectrophotometer was used for color comparison. The L*a*b* values of the upper central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines were measured at the cervical 1/3, middle 1/3, and incisal 1/3 positions of each tooth. The teeth were grouped by gender, age, location, and degree of discoloration for statistical analysis. Results The overall distribution of the middle 1/3 L*a*b* values of the anterior teeth with different staining degrees of tetracycline is as follows: mild degree: L*: 64.1 ～75.7, a*:1.4 ～5.1, b*:12.5 ～24.2; medium degree: L*: 51.8 ～70, a*: 1.5 ～8, b*: 13.8 ～34.3; severe degree: L*:44.9～65, a*:3.3～11.6, b*:11.4～29.5. There was no significant difference in the chromaticity value of the anterior teeth of tetracycline in different genders (P > 0.05) . The L* value of tetracycline in anterior teeth at different ages was significantly different (P < 0.05) .The difference of a*b* values in different parts was statistically significant ( P < 0.05) . The difference of L*a* values in different coloring degree was statistically significant ( P < 0.05) . Conclusion The color changes of tetracycline-stained anterior teeth in the Kunming area of Yunnan are not related to gender, but rather to age, location, and degree of staining; compared to normal teeth, the color range of tetracycline-stained teeth is more diverse, with an overall hue leaning towards red, yellow, and gray. The brightness of severely tetracycline-stained teeth is generally darker, suggesting that when clinically performing aesthetic restoration or making shade guides for tetracycline-stained teeth, shade tabs with slightly lower brightness and hues leaning towards red, yellow, and gray can be used as references. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uneven dyeing results from the different ways the fibers in a blended fabric made of viscose and cotton (50/50) absorb reactive dyes. Measuring the color levelness continues to be an obstacle for dyers. In the present study, several color levelness measurements are analyzed in particular. In addition, the functional group on the outer structure of the viscose-cotton blended fabric has been developed using air plasma to enhance the color intensity. The blended fabric was exposed to an air-based plasma treatment at an atmospheric pressure of 0.15 Tor for varying durations (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 min). Furthermore, the existence of the functional groups in the blended fabrics treated with plasma (-OH, -COOH) was examined by FT-IR analysis. SEM and an optical microscope confirmed that the blended fabric had undergone surface deformation due to plasma treatment. The hydrophilicity of the Viscose-Cotton blended fabric was enhanced by plasma treatment and consequently, the maximum dye exhaustion of 85% (C.I. Reactive Red 195) and 65% (C.I. Reactive Blue 21) was reached. The degree of color levelness was determined through extensive experimental tests using an instrumental method and color difference (ΔE) data. Additionally, utilizing the image J software enabling the analysis of images, the levelness of colored blended fabric was further measured. The levelness values for the untreated viscose-cotton blended fabric dyed with C.I. Reactive Red 195 and C.I. Reactive Blue 21 were 4.11 and 4.26, respectively. After 6 min of plasma treatment, the viscose-cotton (50/50) blended fabric exhibited excellent levelness with values between 4.94 and 4.91. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in lightness (ΔL), chroma (ΔC), and hue (ΔH) of zirconia-reinforced glass ceramic (ZLS) samples of various thicknesses, which underwent different surface finishing procedures, after aging and staining solutions. Methodology: Sixty samples of ZLS blocks were produced in two different thicknesses (12x14x1 mm, n=30; 12x14x1.5 mm, n=30), and different surface treatments were applied to them (mechanical polishing or glaze; n=15). After polishing and glazing, all samples were cleaned using an ultrasonic cleaner for 10 minutes. Color measurements were taken using a spectrophotometer before and after autoclave aging and immersion in staining solutions (tea, coffee, and coke), and color values were calculated using the CIEDE2000 formula. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Shapiro, three-way ANOVA, and Tukey HSD tests were used for statistical evaluation. Results: The common effects of surface finishing treatment, staining solution, and thickness interaction on ΔL and ΔC values were found to be statistically significant (p<0.05), while the common effect on ΔH values was not found to be significant (p>0.05). The ΔL and ΔH values (5.06 ± 1.60 and 2.95 ± 0.61, respectively) were the highest in the groups with 1 mm thickness, mechanical polishing, and immersion in tea solution. The highest ΔC value (4.21 ± 0.35) was noted for the group with 1 mm thickness, mechanical polishing, and immersion in cola solution. Conclusion: Differences in material thickness and the staining solution affected the lightness, hue, and chroma of the ZLS samples. The difference in the surface finishing procedure affected the hue and chroma but not the lightness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the staining sensitivity and surface changes in recent composite resins (Herculite Ultra XRV (Kerr, Bolzano, Italy), G-ænial A'CHORD (GC Corp, Tokyo, Japan), and Omnichroma (Yamaguchi, Japan)) when exposed to common beverages such as coffee, red wine, and Coca-Cola. A total of 60 disk-shaped specimens were prepared from three different resin composites (n = 20 each). The specimens were exposed to coffee, red wine, and Coca-Cola for 10 days. Color measurements were taken using a spectrophotometer, and surface morphology and elemental composition were analyzed using SEM and EDS. The SEM and EDS analyses revealed significant changes in the surface morphology and elemental composition of the composites after immersion. Coffee and wine caused significant surface degradation, whereas Coca-Cola resulted in the greatest degree of surface and elemental variations. Color changes (ΔE = 4 ± 0.52) were most notable in Coca-Cola for Herculite Ultra XRV (Kerr, Italy), in red wine for G-ænial A'CHORD (GC Corp, Japan) (ΔE = 12.51 ± 0.38), and in coffee for Omnichroma (Yamaguchi, Japan) (ΔE = 10.85 ± 1.03). The tested beverages significantly affected both the surface condition and the chemical composition of the resin at the surface level. These findings highlight the importance of understanding the effects of common dietary beverages on dental composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reduced environmental impact is key to sustainable textile dyeing and finishing. The use of synthetic dyes generates substantial amounts of wastewater discharges with a high load of heavy metal ions. As part of a long-term, environmentally friendly strategy, natural dyes with low concentrations of eco-friendly metal salts (alum, ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, etc.) and biomordants produce natural shades with good colorimetric and fastness characteristics. The current study presents an eco-friendly strategy for dyeing and finishing wool with Millettia laurentii natural dye in conjunction with biomordants and metal salts. The research findings were summed up in terms of colorimetric analysis, color fastness (wash, rub, and light), and UV protection. Further, research analysis was conducted to assess the levels of chemical and biological oxygen demand in the resulting dyeing wastewater. The binary combinations of metal salts (ferrous sulfate and copper sulfate) and biomordants (sumac, pomegranate peel, gallnut, and yellow myrobalan) provided wool samples with a better color depth (K/S) values with a maximum value of 18.58 for copper sulfate and gallnut combination. Overall, mordanted samples showed better fastness and ultraviolet shielding properties compared to control dyed samples. The chemical and biological oxygen demand of the generated wastewater was found to be low in mixed metal-biomordant combinations compared to singly used biomordants with the lowest value of 832 and 537 mg O2/L, respectively for yellow myrobalan and ferrous sulfate combination (Fe + YM). The use of Millettia laurentii natural dye and a copper-gallnut mordant combination provided a practical solution for developing an environmentally sustainable technique of dyeing wool, with the added benefit of strong UV blocking effectiveness and minimization in corresponding COD and BOD values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Halophytic plants grow in high salinity environments and present phytochemicals with antioxidant properties, such as phenolic compounds; due to the uncertain availability of healthy foods, there is a growing interest in their nutritional potential. However, their bioactive compounds with beneficial health effects are limited in their bioaccessibility. The objective of this study was to subject S. edulis and S. esteroa to an in vitro digestion process to evaluate the bioaccessibility and total antioxidant capacity of phenolic compounds during three phases of digestion. We determined phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity by colorimetric methods and phenolic composition by UHPLC-DAD. Total phenols, total flavonoids, and total antioxidant capacity by DPPH and TEAC in the three phases of digestion (oral, gastric, and intestinal) of S. esteroa were higher than in S. edulis, founding 4.84 % higher in total phenol content, and 0.05 % in total flavonoid content; also, and 28.94 and 23.93 % higher in total antioxidant capacity by DPPH and TEAC, respectively in the intestinal digestion phase. The bioaccessibility of S. edulis was higher than in S. esteroa; the intestinal was the phase reflecting more bioaccessible compounds. The bioaccessibility percentages of total phenols and flavonoids were 590.16 and 1012.93 %, and the percentage recovery of total antioxidant capacity by DPPH and TEAC were 181.37 and 139.74 %. We identified phenolic acids ferulic, p-Coumaric, and synaptic (hydroxycinnamic), gallic and protocatechuic (hydroxybenzoic), the flavonoids catechin (flavan-3-oles), myricetin and ruthin (flavonols), naringenin and naringin (flavonones). S. esteroa presented bioactive compounds in higher concentrations than S. edulis due to the stress imposed by its habitat; nevertheless, the determined bioactive compounds of S. edulis showed a higher bioaccessibility because it was managed under local improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) reduces the nutritional value of fish oil supplements and poses health risks due to the formation of free radicals and oxidative compounds. Consequently, preventing or minimizing oxidation in these supplements is a critical concern in the production industry. Tuna eye (TE) oil, similar to other fish oils, is highly prone to oxidation, leading to the need for antioxidant enhancement. Carotenoprotein, rich in astaxanthin from shrimp shells, is a powerful natural antioxidant that can potentially stabilize PUFAs in TE oil, but the application to TE oil has not been previously explored. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of shrimp shell-derived carotenoprotein on the quality and oxidative stability of TE oil during storage. The proximate composition of tuna eye and shrimp by-products was analyzed during the investigation process. Initial TE oil and TE oil with added carotenoprotein were assessed for free fatty acid content, acid value, peroxide value, p-anisidine value, total oxidation value, and heavy metal content. Carotenoprotein was evaluated for its color and antioxidant activity. The TE oil was combined with 0.4%, 0.6%, and 0.8% (v/v) concentrations of carotenoprotein and examined for stability using the Schaal oven test method at 40°C. The variations in these concentrations were systematically selected to determine potential concentration-dependent effects on TE oil oxidative stability. The results showed that on day 60 of TE oil storage at room temperature, oxidative degradation was significantly influenced by carotenoprotein concentration. Free fatty acids increased to 1.39%, while the values of acid, peroxide, anisidine, and total oxidation identified at the 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8% concentrations were 1.61, 1.50, and 1.24 mg KOH/kg, 18.87, 15.98, and 13.29 meq/kg, 10.80, 11.40, and 9.70 meq/kg, as well as 48.54, 43.36, and 36.28 meq/kg, respectively. Moreover, 0.8% carotenoprotein addition was found to effectively prevent TE oil deterioration compared to the control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To use portable colorimetry to quantify color differences between facial skin and potential three head and neck microvascular free tissue transfer (MFTT) donor sites—radial forearm (RF), anterolateral thigh (ALT), and fibula (FF)—and compare these differences by pigmentation of the donor site skin and self‐identified race. Methods: In this cross‐sectional cohort study, healthy volunteers consented to handheld colorimeter measurements at the three potential MFTT donor sites (RF, ALT, FF) to quantify color match to the facial skin using the CIE color space (DeltaE). The comparison of ipsilateral to contralateral cheek served as control for measurements. Cross‐sectional measurements in healthy volunteers were then compared to measurements obtained in postoperative head and neck MFTT patients. Results: DeltaE measurements were obtained for 128 healthy controls and 24 postoperative patients (N = 152). With increasing lightness (decreased pigmentation) of the skin at the donor site, the color match significantly worsened (higher DeltaE) across all potential MFTT donor sites (all p < 0.05). DeltaE from healthy controls closely approximated postoperative color match measurements in patients who underwent cervicofacial MFTT (DeltaE RF: 5.3 vs. 6.0, p = 0.432; DeltaE ALT: 6.2 vs. 6.4, p = 0.822; DeltaE FF: 6.0 vs. 6.4, p = 0.806). Conclusion: Patients with decreased skin pigmentation who are undergoing head and neck MFTT may experience worse color discrepancy between cervicofacial skin and the transferred skin paddle than those with more pigmented skin. Portable colorimetry may identify patients who could benefit from interventions such as dermis‐resected free tissue reconstruction with skin grafting to improve postoperative appearance. Level of Evidence: 3 Laryngoscope, 134:3581–3586, 2024 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant height is an important parameter of plant phenotype as one indicator of plant growth. In view of the complexity and scale limitation in current measurement systems, a scaleless method is proposed for the automatic measurement of plant height based on monocular computer vision. In this study, four peppers planted side by side were used as the measurement objects. Two color images of the measurement object were obtained by using a monocular camera at different shooting heights. Binary images were obtained as the images were processed by super-green grayscale and the Otsu method. The binarized images were transformed into horizontal one-dimensional data by the statistical number of vertical pixels, and the boundary points of multiple plants in the image were found and segmented into single-plant binarized images by filtering and searching for valleys. The pixel height was extracted from the segmented single plant image and the pixel displacement of the height was calculated, which was substituted into the calculation together with the reference height displacement to obtain the realistic height of the plant and complete the height measurements of multiple plants. Within the range of 2–3 m, under the light condition of 279 lx and 324 lx, this method can realize the rapid detection of multi-plant phenotypic parameters with a high precision and obtain more accurate plant height measurement results. The absolute error of plant height measurement is not more than ±10 mm, and the absolute proportion error is not more than ±4%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyaniline is a conducting polymer with a wide variety of applications. In the recent years, exploring the different avenues for the synthesis of polyaniline has gained immense popularity among the researchers. This study focuses on the experimental investigation and subsequent data modeling to determine the kinetics of chemical (oxidative) polymerization of aniline with ammonium persulfate as an oxidant in aqueous hydrochloric acid solutions at 277 K. The concentration of the polyaniline formed was determined using colorimetry. The effect of different initial concentrations of oxidant/monomer from 0.010–0.025 M on the rate of polymerization was observed. The polymerization kinetics at various initial oxidant to monomer mole ratios from 1–2.5 was also investigated. Using a well-established kinetic rate expression, the reaction rate constants were determined that best fitted the experimental data. Further, the polyaniline concentrations were predicted using the kinetic parameters with an absolute average relative deviation ranging from 4 to 17%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Histopathological analysis is one of the primary pillars in clinical diagnostics. The efforts to implement optical techniques aim at alleviating the burden of delivering timely and accurate diagnoses. We have explored the potential application of unstained tissue slides' autofluorescence to differentiate collagen-related skin degenerative diseases, such as psoriasis, lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, and Syndrome of Raynaud. This exploration involved two techniques: fluorescence microscopy combined with colorimetric analysis and synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy. We addressed the main characteristic peculiarities of the examined samples and discussed the evaluation of potential classification parameters along with their diagnostic values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owning to unique size dependent optical properties, plasmonic nanoparticles have been explored as chemical read-outs for assaying various biological and chemical analytes. We propose colorimetric sensing strategy based on tannic acid mediated silver nanoparticles (TA-AgNPs) for the detection of Coralyne (COR) and calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA). Aggregation of TA-AgNPs is observed on addition of COR molecule because of electrostatic interaction between them, which is established by change in color from yellow to brown. TA-AgNPs/COR based colorimetric probe was then employed for CT-DNA detection, utilizing anti-aggregation of nanoparticles. Formation of intercalated complex between CT-DNA and COR prevents the aggregation of nanoparticles and color of TA-AgNPs solution remains yellow. Under optimum sensing conditions, extent of aggregation and anti-aggregation of TA-AgNPs was studied. A linear correlation between absorbance value at 437 nm and COR concentration is obtained in the range of 0 to 1.2 μM with detection limit of 0.44 μM. TA-AgNPs/COR based detection probe exhibited linear response to CT-DNA in concentration range of 0 to 7.62 μM with a limit of detection down to 1.63 μM. The applicability of sensing strategy verified by analysis of COR and CT-DNA in human urine samples, which demonstrated the practical utility of method in biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The color of pyroclasts is fundamental, because it reflects various magma properties and eruption processes, including particle morphology, chemistry, and petrological characteristics. However, deriving the componentry ratio (CR) of pyroclasts for ongoing eruption monitoring remains challenging due to the lack of a robust quantitative standard. The derivation of the CR, as well as other petrological analyses, is too laborious and time-consuming to introduce as a sustainable monitoring method. To address this, we employed spectroscopic colorimetry to rapidly and quantitatively describe eruptive product colors, enabling CR derivation based on clear, objective standards for ash particle classification. Through color spectroscopy of bulk and sieved ash samples, we analyzed the major size fraction for time-series samples during the waxing stage of the 2017–2018 Shinmoe-dake eruption in Kirishima volcano, Southwest Japan. Our findings reveal that the color changes in bulk ash systematically changed with the evolution of componentry. This temporal color change was due to an increase in the amount of vesicular particles with clear glass against dark angular lava particles, as well as a grain size change, which we interpret as an indication of a transition from phreatic/phreatomagmatic to magmatic eruption. Subsequently, the color of the ash changed when the amount of different lava particles increased gradually, coinciding with a shift toward a more dominant effusion of lava. As the lava effusion continued, a slight reddening of the ash, indiscernible to the naked eye, was clearly detected by the spectrometer before the onset of intermittent Vulcanian eruptions. We interpreted this reddening as oxidation resulting from decreased ascent speed and caprock formation, which accumulates overpressure for Vulcanian explosions. These results highlight the potential of rapid, objective color value and componentry derivation for sustainable quasi-real-time monitoring of ongoing eruption materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To investigate the relationship between changes in the optic disc size and color, cup-to-disc (C/D) ratio, and axial elongation in schoolchildren. Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed in 75 right eyes of elementary school students for six years (from 8.5 to 14.5 years old). In the first and last year, all participants underwent optical axial length measurement and color fundus photography. The optic disc color was calculated by dividing the intensity of red by the sum of the intensity of red, green, and blue. The optic disc area was calculated by modifying the number of pixels according to Bennett's formula. The C/D ratio was calculated by dividing the vertical cup diameter by vertical optic disc diameter. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare these optic disc parameters and axial length in the first and last year. Results: Mean axial length in the last year (24.82 mm) was significantly longer than that in the first year (23.34 mm). Likewise, the mean optic disc size was significantly smaller in the last year (41,946 pixels) than that in the first year (46,144 pixels). The mean optic disc color in the last year (0.49) was significantly more reddish than that in the first year (0.46), while the mean C/D ratio in last year (0.50) was significantly smaller than that in first year (0.52). Conclusions: During the period from 8.5 years to 14.5 years of age, both the optic disc size and C/D ratio became smaller, while the color became more red. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Plant-derived compounds have chemopreventive properties to be used as alternative medicine. Pericarp of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana Linn.), a tropical fruit in Southeast Asia contains a phytochemical α-mangostin (α-MG) that demonstrates potent anticancer effects against various types of cancer. α-MG has been reported to be the most effective agent in human cancer cell lines. The objectives of this study were to develop oral gel formulations containing α-MG and determine their (1) anticancer activity, (2) anti-HPV-16 and antimicrobial activities, (3) nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activity, and (4) wound healing effect. Methods: Formulations of oral gel containing α-MG were developed. Anticancer activity on SCC-25 was assessed. Apoptotic induction was determined using flow cytometry technique. Antiviral activity against HPV-16 pseudovirus and antimicrobial activity against S. mutans, P. gingivalis and C. albicans were investigated. NO inhibition was carried out. Fibroblast cell migration was determined by in vitro scratch assay. Results: The formulation of 1% α-MG in orabase gel demonstrated anticancer activity by promoting apoptosis in SCC-25. The induction of apoptotic activity was dose dependent with pronounced effect in late apoptosis. The formulation appeared to reduce cell viability of oral keratinocytes (OKC). At CC50 it showed an inhibition against HPV-16 pseudovirus infection. The formulation had no antimicrobial activity against S. mutans, P. gingivalis and C. albicans. No significant NO inhibitory activity and wound healing effects were found. Conclusions: 1% α-MG in orabase gel exhibited anticancer activity by inducing apoptosis although low level of cytotoxicity observed in OKC was present. The appropriate carrier for novel nano-particles targeting cancer cells should be further investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this work is to explore the properties of the lignin-derived amine-free photoinitiating systems (PISs) during the curing process. Four novel hydrogen donors (HD1, HD2, HD3, and HD4) derived from lignin α-O-4 structural were designed and synthesized by simple methods, and their low C–H bond dissociation energies on methylene were determined by molecular orbitals theory. Four experimental groups using CQ (camphorquinone)/HD PIs formulated with Bis-GMA/TEGDMA (70 w%/30 w%) were compared to CQ/EDB (ethyl 4-dimethylamino benzoate) system. The photopolymerization profiles and double bond conversion rate was tracked by FTIR experiments; the color bleaching ability of the samples and color aging test assay were performed using color indexes measurements; The cytotoxicity of the samples was also compared to EDB related systems. All of the experimental groups with new HDs were compared to the control group with EDB by statistical analysis. Compared to CQ/EDB system, new lignin-derived hydrogen donors combined with CQ showed comparable or even better performances in polymerization initiation to form resin samples, under a blue dental LED in air. Excellent color bleaching property was observed with the new HDs. Aging tests and cytotoxicity examination of the resin were performed, indicating the new lignin compounds to be efficient hydrogen donors for amine-free CQ-based photo-initiating system. Novel lignin α-O-4 derived hydrogen donors are promising for further usage in light-curing materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Simple Summary: Currently, research on livestock production suffers from isolation from other disciplines and a generalist nature, which makes publishing in top-tier journals a very difficult task. This situation is even more drastic when it comes to turkey meat research, which is an underdeveloped area that has historically suffered from a lack of resources compared to other species. For this reason, the aim of the present study is to develop a tool that allows researchers to determine which carcass and meat quality traits are related to increased interest by the scientific community and the quality standards of the journals in which studies are published. Variables improving journal standards include carcass dressing traits, muscle fibers properties, pH, colorimetry, some texture and water captivity traits, and chemical composition. Contrarily, carcass or piece yield is not a recommended variable to be performed in studies, as this parameter did not show a clear impact on publication quality. Finally, measures after 72 h are contraindicated since they showed a correlation with poor journal quality standards. Thus, this work can be used as a guideline for designing turkey carcass and meat quality studies, describing parameters to prioritize in order to maximize the impact quality of publication in the scientific community. The present research aims to describe how turkey meat and carcass quality traits define the interest of the scientific community through the quality standards of journals in which studies are published. To this end, an analysis of 92 research documents addressing the study of turkey carcass and meat quality over the last 57 years was performed. Meat and carcass quality attributes were dependent variables and included traits related to carcass dressing, muscle fiber, pH, colorimetry, water-holding capacity, texture, and chemical composition. The independent variables comprised publication quality traits, including journal indexation, database, journal impact factor (JIF), quartile, publication area, and JIF percentage. For each dependent variable, a data-mining chi-squared automatic interaction detection (CHAID) decision tree was developed. Carcass or piece yield was the only variable that did not show an impact on the publication quality. Moreover, color and pH measurements taken at 72 h postmortem showed a negative impact on publication interest. On the other hand, variables including water-retaining attributes, colorimetry, pH, chemical composition, and shear force traits stood out among the quality-enhancing variables due to their low inclusion in papers, while high standards improved power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Central nervous diseases caused by noradrenaline (NA) have attained special attention. NA is involved in many different physiological functions that occur throughout the central nervous system, including modifying sensory input, attention regulation, arousal, and sleep regulation. Hence, rapid, precise, and trustworthy NA detection is crucial. Here we have created Nd(VO4)/GA nanocomposite for the sensitive and selective detection of noradrenaline. Successful fabrication of Nd(VO4)/GA nanocomposite was verified by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. Optical properties were evaluated by colorimetric and fluorometric detection using UV–Vis absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The created sensor has demonstrated superior noradrenaline detection capabilities using fluorometry with an LOD of 48.48 nM in a wide linear range of 6–215 nM, and for colorimetry, the LOD and linear range were 33.89 nM and 10–80 nM. Furthermore, the manufactured sensor has demonstrated exceptional reproducibility, strong stability, anti-interference capabilities, and excellent repeatability for noradrenaline detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing evidence supports reduced accuracy of noninvasive assessment tools, such as pulse oximetry, temperature probes, and AI skin diagnosis benchmarks, in patients with darker skin tones. The FDA is exploring potential strategies for device regulation to improve performance across diverse skin tones by including skin tone criteria. However, there is no consensus about how prospective studies should perform skin tone assessment in order to take this bias into account. There are several tools available to conduct skin tone assessments including administered visual scales (e.g., Fitzpatrick Skin Type, Pantone, Monk Skin Tone) and color measurement tools (e.g., reflectance colorimeters, reflectance spectrophotometers, cameras), although none are consistently used or validated across multiple medical domains. Accurate and consistent skin tone measurement depends on many factors including standardized environments, lighting, body parts assessed, patient conditions, and choice of skin tone assessment tool(s). As race and ethnicity are inadequate proxies for skin tone, these considerations can be helpful in standardizing the effect of skin tone on studies such as AI dermatology diagnoses, pulse oximetry, and temporal thermometers. Skin tone bias in medical devices is likely due to systemic factors that lead to inadequate validation across diverse skin tones. There is an opportunity for researchers to use skin tone assessment methods with standardized considerations in prospective studies of noninvasive tools that may be affected by skin tone. We propose considerations that researchers must take in order to improve device robustness to skin tone bias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A fast eco-friendly colorimetric method was developed for the determination of Tobramycin in drug substance, ophthalmic formulations, and spiked human plasma using silver nanoparticles optical sensor. Even though tobramycin is non-UV–visible absorbing, the developed method is based on measuring the absorbance quenching of silver nanoparticles resulting from the interaction with tobramycin. Different factors affecting the absorbance intensity were studied as; silver nanoparticle concentration, pH, buffer type, and reaction time using quality by design approach. Validation of the proposed method was performed according to ICH guidelines and was found to be accurate, precise, and sensitive. The linearity range of tobramycin was 0.35–4.0 μg/mL. The optical sensor was successfully applied for the determination of Tobramycin in ophthalmic formulations and spiked human plasma without pre-treatment. Additionally, the binding between Tobramycin and PVP- capped silver nanoparticles was studied using molecular docking software. The method was assessed and compared to colorimetric reported methods for the green character using Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) and Analytical GREEnness calculator (AGREE) tools and found to be greener. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Artemisia argyi is a traditional herbal medicine belonging to the genus Artemisia that plays an important role in suppressing inflammation. However, the chemical constituents and underlying mechanisms of its therapeutic potential in neuroinflammation are still incompletely understood, and warrant further investigation. Methods: Several column chromatography were employed to isolate and purify chemical constituents from Artemisia argyi, and modern spectroscopy techniques were used to elucidate their chemical structures. The screening of monomeric compounds with nitric oxide inhibition led to the identification of the most effective bioactive compound, which was subsequently confirmed for its anti-inflammatory capability through qRT‒PCR. Predictions of compound-target interactions were made using the PharmMapper webserver and the TargetNet database, and an integrative protein-protein interaction network was constructed by intersecting the predicted targets with neuroinflammation-related targets. Topological analysis was performed to identify core targets, and molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were utilized to validate the findings. The result of the molecular simulations was experimentally validated through drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) and Western blot experiments. Results: Seventeen sesquiterpenoids, including fifteen known sesquiterpenoids and two newly discovered guaiane-type sesquiterpenoids (argyinolide S and argyinolide T) were isolated from Artemisia argyi. Bioactivity screening revealed that argyinolide S (AS) possessed the most potent anti-inflammatory activity. However, argyinolide T (AT) showed weak anti-inflammatory activity, so AS was the target compound for further study. AS may regulate neuroinflammation through its modulation of eleven core targets: protein kinase B 1 (AKT1), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein Kinase (FYN), Janus Kinase (JAK) 1, mitogen-activated protein (MAP) Kinase 1,8 and 14, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1), nuclear factor kappa-B p65 (RELA), and retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRA). Molecular dynamics simulations and DARTS experiments confirmed the stable binding of AS to JAK1, and Western blot experiments demonstrated the ability of AS to inhibit the phosphorylation of downstream Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) mediated by JAK1. Conclusions: The sesquiterpenoid compounds isolated from Artemisia argyi, exhibit significant inhibitory effects on inflammation in C57BL/6 murine microglia cells (BV-2). Among these compounds, AS, a newly discovered guaiane-type sesquiterpenoid in Artemisia argyi, has been demonstrated to effectively inhibit the occurrence of neuroinflammation by targeting JAK1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In resins produced with a 3D printer, the printing parameters affect the properties of the restoration produced. This study examined the effect of the printing angle and post-curing time on the optical properties of temporary restorations. A total of 135 disk-shaped Formlabs temporary resins (10 × 2 mm) were produced at three different printing angles (0, 45, and 90 degrees) and post-cured for three different times (20, 40, and 60 min) (n = 15). Color and translucency measurements were taken for each group with a spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade V). The ΔE values between printing angles and curing times influence each other. The highest color change was observed in the groups produced with a 90° printing angle. Considering the post-curing times, the highest color change was observed in the groups cured for 40 min. Increasing the curing time from 20 to 40 min decreases the translucency, whereas further increasing the curing time does not significantly affect the translucency. In terms of the impact on the translucency caused by the printing angles, 0° exhibited a lower translucency compared to other printing angles. During the 3D printing of temporary prostheses, both printing angles and post-curing times can affect their optical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document discusses the role of biomimetics in dentistry and craniofacial districts. Biomimetics is a field that combines research and practical applications, with significant impacts across various industries and scientific disciplines. The document presents a collection of research articles highlighting advancements in biomimetic research, including the use of natural substances to enhance synthetic materials, designing scaffolds for tissue regeneration, and developing innovative dental technologies. The articles also explore topics such as customized subperiosteal implants, antibiotic choice in implant placement, the reinforcing effects of gum Arabic on glass ionomer cements, the effectiveness of biomimetic hydroxyapatite toothpastes in preventing caries, and the design of biomimetic scaffolds for bone regeneration. The studies emphasize the potential of biomimetics to provide sustainable and efficient solutions inspired by nature. However, further research is needed to establish robust clinical guidelines and translate these findings into clinical practice. The document concludes by highlighting the transformative impact of biomimetics and the need for ongoing research in this field. [Extracted from the article]

Aim: This study aimed to compare dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels in patients with Gilbert's syndrome (GS) and healthy controls. Background: Thiol/disulfide homeostasis and MPO levels are both associated with increased progression of atherosclerosis. Methods: The study included a total of 130 voluntary participants comprising 65 patients with GS and 65 healthy controls. These patients were selected randomly and dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis, MPO, complete blood count results, and biochemistry and lipid parameters were evaluated. Patients with known chronic diseases, medication usage, and acute infections were excluded from the study. Serum total thiol and native thiol levels were measured using the fully automated colorimetric method, while serum MPO levels were measured using the sandwich ELISA method. Results: We found that patients with GS had significantly higher total thiol (352.3±38.6 vs. 317.9±47.9, p<0.001) and native thiol (386.6±42.6 vs. 348.0±51.1, p<0.001) and significantly lower disulfide (15.7±4.0 vs. 17.3±4.0, p=0.022) and MPO (130.7 vs. 166.3, p=0.006). In patients with bilirubin of <1 mg/dL, total thiol and native thiol levels were lower and disulfide, disulfide/native thiol (DNT) and disulfide/total thiol (DTT) ratios, and MPO levels were higher. Patients with bilirubin of <1 mg/dL also had higher total cholesterol. Conclusion: In these patients with GS, the thiol/disulfide balance shifted towards thiols and proinflammatory MPO levels were lower. When bilirubin was <1 mg/dL, disulfide, DNT and DTT ratios, and MPO were higher. Bilirubin levels affected all parameters of thiol/disulfide homeostasis and MPO levels independently of other risk factors. In light of our results, we suggest that mild hyperbilirubinemia in cases of GS has an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect and may be protective against atherosclerosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Imatinib treatment for certain cancers can lead to elevated creatine kinase (CK) levels, potentially indicating muscle injury, and ongoing research aims to understand the correlation between imatinib levels and creatine kinase to assess its impact on treatment response. Methods: This single-center observational study involved 76 chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients receiving imatinib treatment, focusing on evaluating drug and metabolite levels using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS-MS) instrumentation. Serum CK and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) levels were assessed using Colorimetric kits. Results: CK and CK-MB levels were measured, CK showed a median value of 211.5 IU/l and CK-MB showed a median value of 4.4 IU/l. Comparing low and high CK groups, significant differences were found in peak and trough plasma concentrations of imatinib and its metabolites. Correlations between CK levels and pharmacokinetic parameters were explored, with notable associations identified. Binary logistic regression revealed predictors influencing the therapeutic response to imatinib and categorized expected CK levels into high or low, with peak levels of imatinib emerging as a significant predictor for CK level categorization. Conclusion: The study highlights the link between imatinib's pharmacokinetics and elevated CK levels, indicating a possible correlation between specific metabolites and improved treatment response. Individualized monitoring of CK levels and imatinib pharmacokinetics could enhance care for CML patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new triterpenes mayteneri A (1), mayteneri B (2), and seven known compounds (3-9) were isolated from stems of Maytenus hookeri Loes. The chemical structures of compounds 1 and 2 were established by 1D, 2D NMR, HRESIMS analysis, and calculating electronic circular dichroism (ECD). The structures of known compounds 3-9 were determined by comparison of their spectral with those reported. Compounds 4-7 showed significant inhibitory activity for NLRP3 inflammasome, with the IC50 values of 2.36–3.44 μM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phytochemical study on 90% ethanol extract from the green walnut husks of Juglans mandshurica Maxim. resulted into the isolation of three undescribed triterpenoids, juglansmanoids A–C (1–3). Structural elucidation of all the compounds were performed by spectral methods such as 1D and 2D (1H-1H COSY, HMQC, and HMBC) NMR spectroscopy, in addition to high resolution mass spectrometry. The isolated components were evaluated in vitro for anti-hyaluronidase activities. As a result, triterpenoid 1 exhibited potent anti-hyaluronidase activity (IC50 = 9.78 μg/ml) three times more than the positive control drug oleanolic acid (IC50 = 40.12 μg/ml). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Endocrowns (ECs) are alternatives for rebuilding severely damaged teeth and show superior efficacy in molars over premolars. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this in vitro study is to evaluate the effects of different preparation designs with short pulp chambers on the mean color change (Δ ⁢ E), fracture resistance, and failure types of mandibular molar ECs. METHOD: A total of 40 extracted mandibular molars were treated endodontically and divided into four groups. Samples in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 had occlusal preparation depths of 5 mm, 3 mm, 3 mm with ferrule, and 3 mm with boxes, respectively. The samples were immersed in coffee and their Δ ⁢ E values were measured by using the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage color system. They were also subjected to a fracture test. Next, all specimens were examined visually under a stereomicroscope to evaluate their failure modes and identify their fracture origins. Data were entered and analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences. RESULTS: Among all groups, group 4 (3 mm + boxes) presented the highest Δ ⁢ E (4.15) after immersion in coffee. Moreover, ANOVA revealed that the Δ ⁢ E of group 4 (occlusal preparation depth of 3 mm with boxes) was significantly different (p < 0.05) from that of group 2 (3 mm + ferrule, 3.07). The EC with a 3 mm chamfer and ferrule showed the highest maximum load of 2847.68 ± 693.27 N, whereas that with a 5 mm chamfer finish line had a marginally reduced load at fracture of 2831.52 ± 881.83 N. The EC with a 3 mm chamber and boxes had a slightly increased maximum load of 2700.75 ± 436.40 N, whereas that with the 3 mm chamber had the lowest maximum load at fracture of 2385.97 ± 465.61 N. One-way ANOVA showed that different EC preparation designs had no effect on maximum fracture load (F [3,16] = 0.550, p = 0.6). CONCLUSION: The recorded Δ ⁢ E values of ECs in all groups were equal or marginally higher than the acceptable values. The EC with a 3 mm chamfer and ferrule displayed the highest mean maximum load. The EC with a 5 mm chamfer finish line had a marginally lower maximum load at fracture than other ECs. Failures, such as ceramic fracture, split fracture, and ceramic and tooth splitting above the cemento–enamel junction (CEJ) or vertically were predominant in samples with occlusal preparation depths of 3 mm with ferrule and 5 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrocellulose powders are unstable chemical compounds. Over time, the consumer properties of the powder charge can change so much that the charges will not only be unsuitable for their intended use, but also become dangerous for personnel and the barrel system. This is associated with the problem of establishing the terms of safe storage of powders and their operational suitability, the need for a constant system for monitoring their condition. However, in developed NATO countries, there is practically no system for monitoring powder charges throughout their entire shelf life. Some countries have some components of the above-mentioned system, but its elements do not fully cover the entire spectrum of the state of powder charges. For the monitoring system to work effectively, informative indicators are needed that allow determining the state of powder charges without the use of complex diagnostic equipment. One of such indicators is the color of the surface of the powder element. In this study, an automated method for assessing the quality of nitrocellulose powder charges by the color of their surface for further use as intended was developed. The use of this method will significantly reduce the time of assessment and decision-making by experts, and eliminate subjectivity. In addition, the method will allow creating a database of powder charges for further monitoring of their condition throughout the entire life cycle. To confirm the reliability and adequacy of the developed method, an experimental study was conducted. The study data showed that the proposed hypothesis is true, namely, during storage, nitrocellulose powder charges change the color of their surface, and it is possible to determine their shelf life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Evaluate the color and translucency of a nanoceramic resin subjected to hygiene practices and immersion in coffee over time. Materials and Methods: Specimens (n = 80, HT and LT, 0.5‐mm thick) of a nanoceramic resin were obtained and were divided in groups according to the simulated oral hygiene: no intervention (NT), brushing with an electric brush and water (BN), brushing with an electric brush and toothpaste for 10 s (BT), and immersion in mouthwash for 30 s (MW). Oral hygiene practices were repeated after staining in coffee solution for 15, 48, 336, 1440, 8640, and 35,040 min. Spectral wavelengths were recorded with a spectrophotometer at each time. ∆E00, ∆L′, ∆C′, ∆H′, and TP00 were calculated by CIEDE2000 and were evaluated by 2‐way ANOVA, repeated measures ANOVA, and Tukey's HSD test (α = 0.05). Results: ANOVA showed significance among factors for ΔE00 (p < 0.05), with higher ΔE00 for NT‐HT (11.7) and NT‐LT (11.2). After T6 (2‐year simulation), the lowest values were found for BT‐HT (5.3) and BT‐LT (4.9). All groups showed a reduction in lightness and translucency and increased chroma and hue. However, the smallest variations were found in the BT groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Brushing with toothpaste effectively minimized the color change of NCRs caused by coffee staining. Clinical Significance: Oral hygiene practices, such as brushing with toothpaste, might be important to minimize staining of nanoceramic resin restorations, especially in patients who frequently consume coffee. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to study the suitability of a selection of 3D printing liquid photopolymer resins for their application in the cultural heritage context. Design/methodology/approach: The main concerns regarding the conservation and restoration of cultural assets are the chemical composition and long-term behavior of the new materials that will be in contact with the original object. Because of this, four different LED curing resins were exposed to an accelerated aging procedure and tested to identify the materials which demonstrated a better result. Some specific properties of the material (color, glossiness, pH and volatile organic compound emissions) were measured before and after the exposure. Findings: Some of the properties measured reported good results demonstrating a decent stability against the selected aging conditions. The main changes were produced in the colorimetric aspect, probably indicating other chemical reactions in the material. Likewise, a case study could be also executed to demonstrate the usefulness of these materials in the cultural field. Research limitations/implications: It is necessary to study in more detail the long-lasting behavior of the materials employed with these technologies. Further analysis should be carried out highlighting the chemical composition and degradation process of the materials proposed. Originality/value: This paper contributes to the introduction of curing 3D printing resins in the restoration methodologies of cultural assets. For this, the study of a selection of properties represents the first stage to suggest or reject their use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ratiometric fluorescence and colorimetric strategies for detecting activity of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) in human serum were developed by using g-C3N4 nanosheets, silver ion (Ag+) and o-phenylenediamine (OPD) as chromogenic agents. The oxidation-reduction reaction of OPD and Ag+ generates 2,3-diaminophenazine (oxOPD). Under exciation at 370 nm, g-C3N4 nanosheets and oxOPD emit fluorescence at 440 nm (F440) and 560 nm (F560), respectively. Additionally, oxOPD exhibits quenching ability towards g-C3N4 nanosheets via photoinduced electron transfer (PET) process. Thiocholine (TCh), as a product of BChE-catalyzed hydrolysis reaction of butylthiocholine iodide (BTCh), can coordinate with Ag+ intensively, and consequently diminish the amount of free Ag+ in the testing system. Less amount of free Ag+ leads to less production of oxOPD, resulting in less fluorescence quenching towards g-C3N4 nanosheets as well as less fluorescence emission of oxOPD. Therefore, by using g-C3N4 nanosheets and oxOPD as fluorescence indicators, the intensity ratio of their fluorescence (F440/F560) was calculated and employed to evaluate the activity of BChE. Similarly, the color variation of oxOPD indicated by the absorbance at 420 nm (ΔA420) was monitored for the same purpose. These strategies were validated to be sensitive and selective for detecting BChE activity in human serum, with limits of detection (LODs) of 0.1 U L−1 for ratiometric fluorescence mode and 0.7 U L−1 for colorimetric mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A ratiometric fluorescence sensing strategy has been developed for the determination of Cu2+ and glyphosate with high sensitivity and specificity based on OPD (o-phenylenediamine) and glutathione-stabilized gold nanoclusters (GSH-AuNCs). Water-soluble 1.75-nm size GSH-AuNCs with strong red fluorescence and maximum emission wavelength at 682 nm were synthesized using GSH as the template. OPD was oxidized by Cu2+, which produced the bright yellow fluorescence oxidation product 2,3-diaminophenazine (DAP) with a maximum fluorescence emission peak at 570 nm. When glyphosate existed in the system, the chelation between glyphosate and Cu2+ hindered the formation of DAP and reduced the fluorescence intensity of the system at the wavelength of 570 nm. Meanwhile, the fluorescence intensity at the wavelength of 682 nm remained basically stable. It exhibited a good linear relationship towards Cu2+ and glyphosate in water in the range 1.0–10 µM and 0.050–3.0 µg/mL with a detection limit of 0.547 µM and 0.0028 µg/mL, respectively. The method was also used for the semi-quantitative determination of Cu2+ and glyphosate in water by fluorescence color changes visually detected by the naked eyes in the range 1.0–10 µM and 0.30–3.0 µg/mL, respectively. The sensing strategy showed higher sensitivity, more obvious color changes, and better disturbance performance, satisfying with the detection demands of Cu2+ and glyphosate in environmental water samples. The study provides a reliable detection strategy in the environment safety fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]