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Ökologie impliziert ein moralisches Bewusstsein, das Mitverantwortung für die Zukunft des Planeten und seiner Bewohner einschließt. Der in der ökologischen Lebenspraxis sichtbare »Brennpunkt der Erfahrung« (Michel Foucault) bestimmt heute hoch komplexe Sozialisationsund Enkulturationsvorgänge. Aus philosophischer, sozialwissenschaftlicher, psychologischer und psychoanalytischer Perspektive kann diesbezüglich auch von einer neuen Art der »Subjektivierung« gesprochen werden. Dieser Beitrag analysiert Ansätze zur dichten Beschreibung und verstehenden Erklärung ökologischer Subjektivierung und des ökologischen Selbst. Er plädiert dabei für einen handlungstheoretischen und kulturpsychologischen Zugang. Verantwortungsethische Reflexionen und die Motivation zu moralischem Handeln sind für das ökologische Selbst ebenso konstitutiv wie eine auf praktischer Vernunft fußende, vor allem am Wert der Nachhaltigkeit ausgerichtete Lebensführung. Wie gezeigt wird, sind Subjektivierungen transindividuelle, geschichtliche und gesellschaftliche Geschehnisse. Dennoch sind Subjekte keine passiven Produkte eines völlig heteronomen Prozesses. Sie sind vielmehr an ihrer Subjektivierung zum ökologischen Selbst beteiligt.

Handlungsund kulturpsychologische Perspektiven eignen sich für die Untersuchung von komplexen Vorgängen der Subjektivierung. Zunehmende Sorgen um die Umwelt und die Ausrichtung auf eine nachhaltigkeitsorientierte Lebensführung in Zeiten ökologischer Krisen rücken das ökologische Selbst ins Zentrum zeitgenössischer empirischer Forschungen. Nach der Skizze eines geeigneten theoretischen Rahmens folgt die ausführliche Einzelfallanalyse eines autobiografischen Narrativs. Die Protagonistin der Erzählung ist eine vegan lebende junge Frau, die aus Klimaschutzgründen keine touristischen Flugreisen unternimmt. Die Analyse rekonstruiert exemplarisch die Entstehung und Charakteristika eines ökologischen Selbst.

In order to evaluate internal exposure to radon and thoron, concentrations for radon, thoron, and thoron progeny were measured for 259 dwellings located in high background radiation areas (HBRAs, outdoor external dose: 3-5 mGy y-1) and low background radiation areas (control areas, outdoor external dose: 1 mGy y-1) in Karunagappally Taluk, Kerala, India. The measurements were conducted using passive-type radon-thoron detectors and thoron progeny detectors over two six-month measurement periods from June 2010 to June 2011. The results showed no major differences in radon and thoron progeny concentrations between the HBRAs and the control areas. The geometric mean of the annual effective dose due to radon and thoron was calculated as 0.10 and 0.44 mSv, respectively. The doses were small, but not negligible compared with the external dose in the two areas.

Radiation exposure has been reported to cause thyroid nodules. The study area was Karunagapally, which has several areas with high natural radiation levels derived from thorium and its decay products. Since thyroid abnormalities are more common in women, the focus was only on women. The examinations included interview, ultrasonography of the thyroid and serum assays of free thyroxine (FT4), thyrotropin (TSH), and anti-thyroglobulin levels. Cumulative dose during the childhood and lifetime cumulative dose (lagged by 5 years) were estimated. We examined 524 female residents aged 17–73 years and found 75 cases of solitary solid thyroid nodules. The prevalence of thyroid nodules were 14.1 % (n = 42) in high dose panchayats and 14.5% (n = 33) in low-dose panchayats. In the logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, the prevalence of solitary thyroid nodule was not linearly related to childhood cumulative dose (P for trend = 0.159) and lifetime cumulative dose (P for trend = 0.333). The prevalence of thyroiditis and hypothyroidism was not related to natural radiation exposure. Serum levels of FT4 or TSH were not related to natural radiation exposure. The results obtained from the present study do not support the increase of solitary thyroid nodule, thyroiditis or hypothyroidism in relation to high-natural-background-radiation exposure.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subset of cancer cells, which possess self-renewal ability, and lead to tumor progression, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. Live detection and isolation of CSCs are important to understand the biology of CSCs as well as to screen drugs that target them. Even though CSCs are detected using surface markers, there is a lot of inconsistencies for that in a given cancer type. At the same time, self-renewal markers like ALDH1A1, OCT4A and SOX2, which are intracellular molecules, are reliable markers for CSCs in different cancers. In the present study, we generated a reporter construct for self-renewing CSCs, based on ALDH1A1 expression. Oral cancer cells harboring ALDH1A1-DsRed2 were used to screen inhibitors that target CSCs. Our results showed that Comb1, a cocktail of inhibitors for EGF and TGF-β pathways and their intermediates, effectively reduced the DsRed2 population to 34%. Our immunohistochemical analysis on primary oral cancer corroborated the importance of EGF and TGF-β pathways in sustaining CSCs. Since these two pathways are also critical for the self-renewal and differentiation of normal stem cells, Comb1 might abolish them as well. On analysis of the effect of Comb1 on normal murine bone marrow cells, there was no significant change in the stem cell self-renewal and differentiation potential in the treated group compared to untreated cells. To conclude, we claim that ALDH1A1-DsRed2 is a useful tool to detect CSCs, and Comb1 is effective in targeting CSCs without affecting normal stem cells.

Objectives. Limited information is available on adolescent tobacco and alcohol use in rural Kerala, the southernmost state in India. The study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of tobacco and alcohol use among adolescent school students and further to understand the extent of knowledge pertaining to tobacco before and after conducting awareness programmes in schools.Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 10 government schools of rural Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala state based on a multistaged sampling design. Using a pretested semistructured questionnaire, prevalence and patterns of tobacco use by students and their households, as well as students’ knowledge on tobacco hazards before and after delivering antitobacco messages, were collected.Results.The overall prevalence of self-reported ever users of tobacco in the current academic year was 7.4% (95% CI 5.86–8.94), while that of ever alcohol users was 5.6% (95% CI 4.25–6.95). Knowledge assessment scores revealed a significant increase in the mean knowledge scores after posttraining evaluation (mean score = 10.34) when compared to pretraining evaluation (mean score = 9.26) (p<0.0001).Conclusion. Apart from antitobacco awareness programmes, strict monitoring of trade of tobacco and alcohol products near educational institutions has to be conducted consistently to curb the problem.

This study examined the potential of the Facebook group utility inassisting 54 university Spanish students and pre-service Spanishteachers as they explored their roles as teachers and learners.Participants represented two Spanish language classes and twoSpanish teaching methods classes at the university level. These classeswere combined into a Facebook group and student interactions wererecorded. A qualitative case study was used to frame the 12 weekresearch project. Data were collected from the Facebook group wall,weekly student reports, and a final optional survey (n = 42). Resultswere organized with respect to how participants used the Facebookgroup, how the virtual and physical learning spaces were connected,benefits of participation as perceived by the students, and genuinenessof student contributions. Recommendations are offered for thoseconsidering the implementation of similar virtual learning spaces asextensions of face-to-face foreign language or teacher trainingclassrooms.

Objective: Despite the activation status of circulating platelets was increased in GBM patients, the formation of platelet-monocyte conjugates was rather decreased in previous experiments of our group. PSGL-1, a surface receptor on monocytes, is a key player in the interaction with platelets. The aim[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 69. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC), Joint Meeting mit der Mexikanischen und Kolumbianischen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie

Lymph node metastasis is an established prognostic factor in carcinoma of tongue. The association between lymph node ratio (LNR, the ratio of positive lymph nodes to the total number of dissected lymph nodes) and survival has been recently studied. But the available literature is mostly retrospective in nature and they take the broad group of oral squamous cell carcinoma as a whole and not as a single sub-site; also it does not take in to consideration the importance of standardising the minimum number of lymph nodes to be dissected or a single head and neck pathologist examining the specimen to avoid wide variations in the ratio and to reduce the bias. Hence we sought to determine using a prospective study whether the lymph node ratio, as an independent factor impacts survival in node-positive squamous cell carcinoma of tongue and whether a cut-off can be arrived at to risk stratify the patients.We prospectively studied 51 consecutive pathologically node positive patients with squamous cell carcinoma tongue who satisfied our selection criteria. A standard surgery for the primary was done under frozen control and a comprehensive neck dissection, with the minimum number of lymph node harvest kept at 15. All the specimens were examined by a single head and neck pathologist. Further adjuvant treatment was given according to our institution protocol. They were followed up with a regular clinical examination for an average period of 24 months. The 2 Yr OS and DFS were calculated using the Kaplan Meier method. LNR was subjected to univariate and multivariate analyses.The 2 yr OS was 37.8% for patients with LNR0.10 compared with 88.2% for patients with LNR0.10 (p value=0.0187).Similarly, the DFS was 46.3% for patients with LNR0.10compared with 83.6% for those with LND0.10 (p value=0.0859).LNR was a significant prognostic factor in both univariate and multi variate analyses.In squamous cell carcinoma of tongue, an increased Lymph node ratio (LNR) is a strong predictor of decreased survival. A lymph node ratio (LNR)0.10 is associated with a worse outcome.

Bohemia, Bd. 57 Nr. 2 (2017)

Viele wichtige Probleme in der Allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie betreffen das asymptotische Verhalten, sowohl in der Zeit als auch im Raum, von Lösungen der Einstein’schen Feldgleichungen. Solche Probleme werden meistens unter der Annahme von Symmetrien der raumartigen Schnitte studiert, was die Analyse stark vereinfacht. In dieser Dissertation betrachten wir mehrere solche Probleme ohne räumliche Symmetrien. Die Definition einer konformen Grenzfläche im Unendlichen ist ein nützliches Werkzeug um das asymptotische Verhalten von Raumzeiten, zu studieren. Es stellt sich die Frage was die möglichen Konfigurationen dieser Grenzfläche sind. Im ersten Teil dieser Dissertation konstruieren wir stationäre Lösungen der Einsteingleichungen mit negativer kosmologischer Konstante, gekoppelt an verschiedene Materiefelder, die ein vorgeschriebenes Verhalten im Unendlichen zeigen. Die konforme Grenzfläche ist in diesem Fall zeitartig und entspricht dem Limes hoher Entfernung vom Zentrum. Da die asymptotischen Daten weitgehend frei sind haben die konstruierten Lösungen im allgemeinen keine räumlichen Killing Vektorfelder. Raumzeiten dieser Art sind von Interesse, sowohl vom Standpunkt der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie, da sie stark unterschiedliches Verhalten als im Fall von positiver oder verschwindender Kosmologischer Konstante zeigen, als auch im Rahmen der AdS/CFT Vermutung. Eine andere Klasse von asymptotischen Problemen, sozusagen am “gegenüberliegenden Ende” von Raumzeiten, ist ihr Verhalten in der Nähe von Singularitäten. Die Singularitätentheoreme von Penrose und Hawking zeigen dass Singularitäten ein generisches Phänomen der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie sind, aber ihre detaillierte Struktur ist noch immer unklar. Hier konstruieren wir vakuum Raumzeiten ohne Symmetrien basierend auf asymptotischen Daten an einer nackten Singularität. Im Rahmen der BKL-Vermutung, die eine detaillierte Beschreibung generischer Singularitäten anstrebt, zeigen unsere Lösungen sogenanntes nicht-chaotisches Verhalten. Dieses bildet den Baustein für das kompliziertere chaotische Verhalten das im allgemeinen Fall erwartet wird. Ein verwandtes Problem ist die mögliche Existenz von Erweiterungen niedrigerer Regularität durch die singuläre Grenzfläche, im Zusammenhang mit der Cosmic Censorship Vermutung. Wir untersuchen die Eigenschaften von C0-Erweiterungen durch die Singularität für eine Klasse von “expandierenden Singularitäten” (diese enthält Raumzeiten ohne Symmetrien) indem wir Methoden, die für den Schwarzschild-Fall entwickelt wurden, erweitern., Many crucial problems in general relativity concern the asymptotic behavior of solutions to the Einstein equations, both in time and space. These are commonly studied under the assumption of symmetry conditions on the spatial slices of the spacetime, which greatly simplifies the analysis. In this thesis we investigate several such problems without relying on spatial symmetry. The introduction of a conformal boundary at infinity is a useful tool to study the asymptotic behavior of spacetimes at large distances. This naturally leads to the question of what the possible configurations of this boundary are. In the first part of this thesis we start with asymptotic data, given on the conformal boundary, and construct stationary spacetimes solving the Einstein equations with a negative cosmological constant coupled to a wide variety of matter fields. Here the boundary is timelike and corresponds to the limit of large radii. As there are only mild restrictions on the asymptotic data, our solutions possess no spatial Killing vector fields in general. Spacetimes of this type are of interest both within general relativity, as they show strikingly different behavior than ones with positive or zero cosmological constant, and within the context of the AdS/CFT conjecture. Another class of asymptotic problems of interest, at the “opposite end” of spacetimes, concerns their behavior near singularities. We know from the singularity theorems of Penrose and Hawking that singularities are a generic feature of general relativity, but their detailed structure is still unclear. Here we construct nakedly singular vacuum spacetimes without symmetries from asymptotic data at the singularity. Within the framework of the BKL conjecture, which aims to give a detailed description of generic singularities, their behavior is of the non-chaotic type, which provides the building blocks for the more complicated chaotic behavior expected in the general case. A related issue of recent interest is the possible existence of lower regularity extensions through the singular boundary, which is connected to the cosmic censorship conjecture. For a class of “expanding singularities” (which includes spacetimes without any symmetries) we analyze the properties of C0-extensions across the singularity by extending methods used in the Schwarzschild case.

Fremdschämen or Fremdscham, a negative emotion which arises while observing someone behave inappropriately, comes to fame after the turn of the millennium in german speaking countries. There, they name it literally „other‘s shame“ and it becomes obvious that this emotion happens most commonly while watching TV: reality shows, talent shows and bad comedies. The word even makes it to the dictionaries starting 2009, as its use increases unstoppably in everyday language, starting to get used in more and more situations, seemingly as a synonym of embarrassing or shameful. Still, a look in the emotional research on the subject returns exactly zero results as of 2011, leaving open the question as of what this emotion might be, and what it is not. The present wort aims at explaining not only the phenomenon of Fremdschämen, but also the Emotion behind it - Embarrassment -, at a process level., Bisher blieb die wahrscheinlich universelle Emotion Peinlichkeit unzureichend erforscht. Grundsätzlich beschränkt sich die Forschung zum Thema auf heuristische Erklärungsansätze und die Empirie auf lustige Methoden, diese Emotion zu erzeugen. Die Prozesse hinter der Entstehung der Emotion sind bis dato weitestgehend vernachlässigt worden und haben kaum Berücksichtigung in der Forschung gefunden. Zudem gerieten in den letzten Jahren die meisten existierenden Erklärungsansätze unter Druck, als die ersten Fragen zum Thema Fremdscham bzw. Fremdschämen in einen wissenschaftlichen Rahmen gestellt wurden. Denn die offensichtliche phänomenologische Ähnlichkeit von Peinlichkeit und Fremdschämen kann von keinem der bisherigen Erklärungsansätze widerspruchsfrei durchleuchtet werden. Dies liegt unter anderen Dingen auch darin begründet, dass selbst die Emotion Peinlichkeit kaum auf Prozessebene erforscht wurde. In dieser Arbeit wird daher ein neues Verständnis der Emotion Peinlichkeit angestrebt. Eines, bei dem Fremdscham Berücksichtigung findet und das dieses Phänomen ohne Denkakrobatik befriedigend erklären kann. Ein Prozessmodell für die Entstehung von Peinlichkeit, das ebenso Fremdscham miteinschließt, wird vorgestellt.

Bilateral Chylothorax following neck dissection is an extremely rare complication. We report a case of bilateral chylothorax detected after neck dissection for carcinoma of lower alveolus. A 61 year Indian female underwent wide excision with segmental mandibulectomy with comprehensive neck dissection for carcinoma of left lower alveolus clinically staged T4N0. Evaluated for dyspnea in post operative period, she was found to have bilateral chylothorax that was managed conservatively. This case report presents potentially life threatening complication following neck dissection that often responds to non surgical management.

This article aims to illuminate the role of narrativity in Grounded Theory Methodology and to explore an approach within Grounded Theory Methodology that is sensitized towards aspects of narrativity. The suggested approach takes into account narrativity as an aspect of the underlying data. It reflects how narrativity could be conceptually integrated and systematically used for shaping the way in which coding, category development and the presentation of results in a Grounded Theory Methodology study proceed.

Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 66 Nr. 3 (2017)

Grounded theory methodology is one of the most widely used approaches to collect and analyze data within qualitative research. It can be characterized as a framework for study design, data collection, and analysis, which aims at the development of middle-range theories. The final result of such a study is called a “grounded theory,” and it consists of categories that are related to each other. Health and risk message design researchers working with grounded theory methodology are explicitly invited to use any kind of data they consider suitable for a particular project. Grounded theory methodology studies were originally based on intense fieldwork data, but in the meantime, interviews have become the most widely used type of data. In addition, there is a growing interest in using visual data such as pictures or film. Grounded theory methodology originated from sociology, but has since been applied in many different disciplines. This widened application went along with modifications, new developments, and innovations, and led to several current variants of grounded theory methodology. Basic features of grounded theory methodology include theoretical sampling, specific coding procedures with a comparative approach to analysis, and memo writing. The strategy of theoretical sampling requires that theoretical insights gained from the analysis of initially collected data guide subsequent data collection. Hence, during the research process data collection and analysis alternate and interact. For data analysis, different ways of coding enable the researcher to develop increasingly abstract conceptual ideas and reflections, first embodied in codes, later in categories. This analytical process allows for a step-by-step development of categories that are grounded in data. Category development entails comparisons at all stages, for example, of different cases during sampling, of different data pieces, and of different codes and categories during analysis. As a result, grounded theory methodology is also known as the constant comparative method. Throughout the research process the researcher writes memos and keeps track of the development of conceptual ideas, methodological reflections, and practical to-dos. Today, many researchers use software specifically developed to assist the process of qualitative data analysis.

Background A small, albeit significant, number of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients has no history of tobacco and alcohol use. Such non-habits associated HNSCCs may represent a distinct clinical entity and exhibit increased aggressiveness. The objective of the study was to understand differences in molecular etiology of habits, and non-habits associated tongue carcinomas. Materials and methods High-throughput gene expression profiling of 22 tumor samples was carried out. This was followed by quantitative real-time PCR validation of four of the identified differentially expressed genes. Results and conclusion Eighteen genes were identified that correlate strongly with the habits- and non-habits distinction. Among the genes significantly overexpressed in the non-habits group are CCND1, a key cell-cycle regulator, DACT3, a modulator of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway, and three genes associated with the Notch signaling pathway. CCND1 and DACT3 overexpression in non-habits associated tongue carcinomas were subsequently validated by quantitative real-time PCR in an independent cohort (n = 18) of patient samples. Gene expression data were integrated with publicly available protein interaction data to build a small protein interaction network containing five of 18 differentially expressed genes. This suggested that a functional ‘network module’ can be implicated in the subgroup distinction. All the tumors analyzed here were human papillomavirus (HPV) negative samples. An association between CCND1 overexpression in oral tumors and poor prognosis has previously been reported. Thus, CCND1 overexpression in non-habits associated anterior tongue carcinomas may contribute to their increased clinical aggressiveness.

Nach dem Zusammenbruch der Großreiche am Ende des Ersten Weltkriegs war eine nationalstaatliche Ordnung für Ostmitteleuropa keineswegs alternativlos. Welche Staaten in nationaler oder imperialer Gestalt bestehen würden, war ein Spiel mit offenem Ausgang. Der Tagungsband zeigt an sieben Fallbeispielen, wie lokale Akteure auf rechtliche, politische und militärische Neuordnungen zwischen Ostsee und adriatischem Küstenland Einfluss nahmen. Neue Forschungsansätze beleuchten die Auswirkungen ostmitteleuropäischer Erfahrungen auf die internationale Geschichte der Nachkriegsjahre abseits der Versailler Diplomatie., Po upadku imperiów pod koniec pierwszej wojny światowej kształt opartego na państwach narodowych ładu Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej nie był bynajmniej przesądzony. Nie sposób było przewidzieć, które państwa przetrwają w narodowej lub imperialnej postaci. Niniejszy tom pokonferencyjny demonstruje na siedmiu przykładach, jak lokalne podmioty wpływały na tworzenie się nowego ładu prawnego, politycznego i wojskowego od Bałtyku po wybrzeże adriatyckie. Nowe koncepcje badawcze naświetlają skutki środkowo-wschodnioeuropejskich doświadczeń dla międzynarodowej historii lat powojennych z dala od rokowań dyplomatycznych w Wersalu., After the collapse of the great empires at the end of World War I, the reorganization of East Central Europe along the lines of nation-states was by no means a foregone conclusion. There was no way to predict which country would survive in a national or imperial form. In seven case studies on countries between the Baltic and the Adriatic Seas, this conference volume discusses the influence of local actors on legal, political and military reorganizations. New research approaches highlight the effects of Eastern European experiences on post-World War I international history far from diplomacy at Versailles.

Treatment outcome after surgical removal in oral carcinoma is poor due to inadequate methodologies available for marking surgical margins. Even though some methodologies for intraoperative margin assessment are under clinical and preclinical trials for other solid tumours, a promising modality for oral cancer surgery is not developed. Fluorescent-based optical imaging using Near Infrared (NIR) dyes tagged to tumour specific target will be an optimal tool for this purpose. One such target, Gastrin Releasing Peptide Receptor (GRPR) was selected for the study, and its binding peptide, TM1-IR680, was tested for its efficacy for surgical margin prediction in murine orthotopic model of oral cancer, derived from primary samples. Here, for the first time in a preclinical analysis, we show that the size and margin of oral cancer can be predicted, as revealed by 3D-imaging. Interestingly, the peptide was sensitive enough to detect lymph nodes that harboured dispersed tumour cells before colonization, which was impossible to identify by conventional histopathology. We recommend the use of TM1-NIR dyes alone or in combination with other technologies to improve the clinical outcome of oral cancer surgery.