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Garissa county, Kenya is a geographically large county with a mobile pastoralist population that has developed a method for emergency medical services (EMS) coordination using the WhatsApp communication platform. This work was based on a site visit, to better understand and describe the current operations, strengths, and weaknesses of the EMS communication system in Garissa. The use of WhatsApp in Garissa county seems to work well in the local context and has the potential to serve as a cost-effective solution for other EMS systems in Kenya, Africa, and other LMICs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two different media platforms played a key role in keeping Tema Port in Ghana afloat during the period immediately leading up to and during the three-week COVID-19 pandemic-related lockdown in late March–April of 2020. The one media platform, Eye on Port, is a weekly broadcast television show by the port's authorities, which caters primarily to external commercial stakeholders of the port. The other platform is a closed WhatsApp forum used by stakeholders working at the operational level of the port. Both platforms served specific needs among their users, who had been restricted in their mobility but had to keep the port operational. Combining 'scalable sociality' with the concept of polymedia, we identify how the two media functioned to meet the different informational and conversational needs of their respective users. We argue that either medium alone could not fulfil the communicative needs necessary to keep the port operational during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study protocol is to examine the effect of telephone‐assisted smoking cessation programme based on the information motivation behavioural skills model on the self‐efficacy, smoking behaviour, tumour recurrence and progression in patients diagnosed with non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer. A single‐center, single‐blind, parallel‐group, randomized control trial. The intervention group will receive telephone‐assisted smoking cessation programme, while no intervention will be applied to the control group. Face‐to‐face smoking cessation training will be provided for the information component of the programme, motivational interview will be conducted via WhatsApp for its motivation component. Motivational interviews will be undertaken in total of six sessions organized at two‐week intervals. The patients' chronic disease management self‐efficacy, smoking behaviour will be evaluated at the third, sixth, 12th months. Tumour recurrence, progression will be followed up by cystoscopy at the third, 12th months. This is a randomized controlled study protocol, results are not available at the time of the submission. All results will be reported on the completion of this study. This study protocol, will involve the implementation of comprehensive smoking cessation programme that is much needed for the target population around the world. It is expected that the use of this programme will increase the self‐efficacy of smokers with bladder cancer, decrease their smoking behaviour and amount of smoking, eliminate tumour recurrence. Smoking is the most important, modifiable risk factor for bladder cancer. In this study, it is expected that the implementation of telephone‐assisted smoking cessation programme based on the information–motivation–behavioural skills model will increase self‐efficacy in cancer management and decrease smoking behaviour, tumour recurrence in patients diagnosed with bladder cancer. In the literature, there is no smoking cessation programme based on this model intended for patients diagnosed with bladder cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study employs an Afro-centric framework of Digital Unhu (i.e. digital humanism) and netnographic accounts of supervisor-supervisee interactions to investigate Mobile Instant Messaging mediated interaction as a platform for honing students' career management competencies. While many existing studies foreground Western epistemological lenses that have limited resonance with resource-constrained African contexts, the Afro-centric Digital Unhu framework enabled a more nuanced delineation of student-supervisor interaction as it was enacted in a South African university setting. Findings demonstrated that WhatsApp-mediated interaction, framed within the African ethos of Digital Unhu, provided a dynamic and highly personal environment in which the supervisor could delicately coach students in various career related processes, namely, the negotiation of competing family and job hunt commitments, career planning, job applications and salary negotiations, resignations, and managing career frustrations. More broadly, the study demonstrates the central role of Unhu in negotiating student-supervisor interactions in the unique cultural setting, in tension to a degree with the Western philosophical thinking in which South African higher education is situated. Further, contrary to common characterisations of texting culture as a youth phenomenon, both student and supervisor were able to leverage WhatsApp to achieve career management ends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combining online and offline data collection during six months of ethnographic fieldwork in Southern Mozambique in early 2021, this paper explores how media and its everyday use in the Global South are impacting on, and are in turn being transformed by China. It specifically looks into the creative and personalised ways in which Chinese-made garments are sold and promoted in Mozambique via the messenger service WhatsApp. Examining how Mozambican and West African traders use WhatsApp groups and status updates to mediate the fashionability of these Chinese goods, this paper shows that the consequences of Chinese interactions with the Global South on the global media landscape transcend the mere spread of Chinese hardware and software. Going beyond dominant, state-centred narratives of Chinese influence abroad, this paper demonstrates the key role of individuals and their agency in shaping the digital impact of Global China. By doing so, it also highlights the importance of analysing media practices in their specific local contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractDigital objects, such as graphicons, have been increasingly used to facilitate communication across social media (SM) networks among young adults. This study investigates the usage of stickers, a type of graphicon, by young adults on WhatsApp from the perspective of the extended self. Self-administered online survey was used to collect data from WhatsApp users aged 18–35 years living in India, and Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was applied to analyze the data. Drawing from the theories of impression management (IM) and the extended self, the results indicate that sticker usage on WhatsApp may lead to the formation of an extended self, and this relationship may be mediated by self-promotion and ingratiation. Statistically significant results were obtained based on participant responses in this study, and that construct validity and reliability of the model generated were confirmed. The study contributes to the emerging literature on stickers and extends our understanding of IM and the formation of extended self during WhatsApp communication among young adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immunization is a way to increase a person's immunity, to prevent exposure to Preventable Diseases by Vaccine. There are two types of immunizations that are given when a baby is born: basic and optional. Basic immunization is given when the child is 0-24 months old. Optional immunizations are immunizations that are not included in government immunization programs but are important for infants in Indonesia since Indonesia has several endemics. Currently, immunizations that have been carried out in Indonesia are still experiencing some obstacles. Where the parents of the baby still lack knowledge about basic and optional immunizations. In addition, parents still lack information about the right time to immunize their child. This research aims to develop a reminder system for parents through two approaches: a reminder system and a chatbot to give information related immunization. The reminder system is web-based and uses WhatsApp gateway to provide reminders to parents. The creation of this system starts from extracting knowledge about immunization supplied by Indonesian Pediatric Association (IDAI) which modeled into rules. Then, an immunization reminder schedule will be given through WhatsApp app to the parents at the right time (can be set 1-2 days before) based on these rules. Testing on the system is carried out using four test cases and validated by a pediatrician. The system can help parents remember immunization schedules through WhatsApp and can find out information about the immunizations through chatbot with Telegram app. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dissemination of misinformation on social media platforms is faster than the spread of Corona Virus Diseases (COVID-19), and it can have severe negative effects on health in the midst of a catastrophe such as COVID-19. Consequently, this study examined the dissemination of misinformation on Facebook and WhatsApp from the perspectives of general misinformation belief, conspiracy belief, religious misinformation belief, and credibility evaluations' impact on COVID-19 individual responses. A total of 281 samples were collected, and the Software Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyse the collected data. The findings have practical implications for the public, so they will be wary of misinformation, particularly regarding the authority of a country or region, and take appropriate security measures against catastrophic misinformation in order to safeguard the public health from exploitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social networks have become an element of individual life in the present era and have many applications in economic, social, commercial, and even educational and academic fields and aspects. Daily use of various messaging applications affects people's lifestyles, and the usage method of such applications differs depending on the user's personality. WhatsApp messenger is one of the most popular social media applications widely used by people enabling them to send messages in text, voice, image, and emojis. In this paper, a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network is designed to identify the personality trait of WhatsApp users by analyzing the most frequently used emojis. The users are classified into 16 classes involving four psychological aspects considered as introverted or extroverted, happy or depressed, optimistic or pessimistic, and neurotic or calm. For this purpose, 13,688 samples were collected from volunteer users, including screenshots of frequently used emojis and their beliefs about mentioned feelings. The screenshot images were converted to numerical codes using image processing, and the proposed LSTM is implemented in MATLAB 2021b using the deep learning toolbox. The simulation results show that the proposed network is trained with 96.3% accuracy and can predict the personality type of individuals with 95.48% accuracy based on users' most frequently used emojis. The proposed method also achieves a minimum 93.99% score in the Precision, Recall, and F-measure criteria. The comparison of the results obtained by the Random Forest algorithm shows the superiority of the proposed model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Covid-19 pandemic has disrupted relationships between religious communities and the state. Churches, religious authorities, and believers have been obligated to modify key activities (prayer, ceremonies) and weigh their religious identity against state prohibitions. Accordingly, we ask how members of a reclusive religious community negotiated and performed their identity under a prolonged emergency. We analyse intra-communal discourse concerning the state's social distancing regulations during Covid-19 outbreaks and lockdowns that occurred in closed groups in messaging apps. Specifically, this research case-studies Jewish ultra-Orthodox communities in Israel (Haredim). Extensive analysis of over 2,000 WhatsApp and Telegram posts in 35 ultra-Orthodox groups over a two-year period indicates that participants constantly sought to affirm their primary, dominant, communal identity. While efforts to integrate adherence to state prohibitions into this primary identity were evident, these efforts were well accepted only when justifying them via affirmation of the communal identity – superseding medical, political, and practical concerns. The findings advance understanding of minority groups' attitudes towards state directives and illuminate contemporary pathways of identity dynamics in online social networks. The findings may also be applicable in a broader sense to the study of discourse dynamics in echo chambers and filter bubbles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foot complications of patients with diabetes could lead to amputations and early death. Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are usually difficult to treat and impose huge financial burden. Monitoring wound progress is the mainstay of any treatment and alternatives to face-to-face consultations such as tele-medicine have been proposed. Very few papers explored the utility and effectiveness of monitoring DFU through instant messaging application such as WhatsApp. The aim of this study is to evaluate the validity of WhatsApp in monitoring diabetic wounds treated with negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT). Twenty-two patients were prospectively recruited. All patients had an initial face-to-face consultation and debridement. Dressings were changed twice per week at patient's residence and media files were sent by the wound nurse via Short Message Service (SMS). A subsequent face to face consultation was scheduled whenever a complication was suspected. The primary outcomes were the percentages of accurate cases a) where a new or recurrent infection was suspected, and a b) where a debridement was thought to be needed. Complete healing of the defect using NPWT was achieved in 10 patients and a skin graft procedure was needed in another 4 patients. Five patients needed further surgical debridement. Failure to heal was observed in 3 patients. Out of the seven cases where a new infection was suspected, five (71.5%) were confirmed on face-to-face consultation. No confirmed cases of infection were observed during follow-up for those estimated as clean. Out of the 11 cases where debridement was favored based on WhatsApp media files, confirmation of a needed debridement was recorded in 8 (73%) cases. NPWT monitoring of for diabetic foot and leg ulcers using WhatsApp application was found to be an excellent method to document and track the wound process and complications. The excellent specificity and high sensibility should encourage for common use by healthcare. The results of this study could be also valuable for patients living in rural areas and in case of future pandemics. • WhatsApp for monitoring diabetic wounds has not been evaluated previously. • Twenty-two patients (196 sets of media files) were prospectively recruited. • Sensitivity and specificity of suspected infection were 71.5% and 100%. • Out of the 11 cases where debridement was thought as needed, 8 (73%) were confirmed. • Whatsapp is an excellent method for remote monitoring of diabetic wounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Voice messages (VMs), which allow users to send recorded messages to other contacts, are a popular feature of instant messaging applications. Despite their popularity, linguistic research on VMs is still in its infancy. This study analyses metacommunication around VMs in mobile messaging conversations among WhatsApp users in Germany and Spain. It focuses on participants' metacommunicative accounts (such as references, explanations, or motivations) of their preference for audio posting over other forms of communication (e.g. texting). Drawing on recent advances in digital conversation analysis, we examine how accounts placed in different sequential positions in messenger chats (preceding a VM, at the beginning or end of a VM, or after it has been sent) address diverse aspects of voice messaging (from either the sender's or recipient's perspective). We demonstrate that accounting accomplishes different social actions, such as framing a VM as something outstanding or worth apologising for. We argue that a sequential analysis of accounting and metacommunication offers rich insights into users' media ideologies concerning the appropriateness and timing of text and voice messaging. Overall, these findings contribute to a better understanding of the growing importance of voice in mobile communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Social Media platform is one of the means of disseminating information which is seen as the fastest way of spreading information globally. It has reengineered social interaction among peers, businesses, governments and so on. However, the miss-use of social media among handlers to advance their motives has no doubt, increase the level of global insecurity. Thus, this study examines the effect of Social Media in Promoting Insecurity and Propaganda using Facebook, X and WhatsApp as a case study. The study specifically looks at the extent in which Facebook and X integrate Nigerian into global security awareness and otherwise. The study utilizes secondary data sourced through books, academic journals, online sources among other documents. The study is anchored on the theory of uses and gratifications theory which emphasized how people use media to fulfill their various needs. The findings of the study revealed among others that even though neither Facebook, X nor WhatsApp can be regarded as the root cause of national insecurity in Nigeria, but they contributed a lot to the national insecurity witnessing in some parts of Nigeria due to it misused by the handlers. It was also discovered that the regulation of social media in Nigeria for security purpose is very poor, which is a matter of concern to the citizens. The study recommends among others that individuals (citizens) should stop spreading, and promoting offensive, abusive, fake news (information), which advances social hatred, and terrorism attack rumors on social media platforms.

The importance of reminder messages lies in improving self-care among heart disease patients. At the Heart and Vascular Center, many patients, both those under ongoing care and those recently treated, do not consistently engage in self-care activities. Reminder messages can encourage adherence to medication regimens. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of WhatsApp reminder messages on the self-care of elderly patients at the Heart and Vascular Center. The research employed a quasi-experimental design with a two-group pre- and post-test control design. Using a probability sampling technique with simple random sampling, the study required 16 new patients in each group. The instrument used was the Self-Care Heart Failure Index (SCHFI) questionnaire, consisting of 22 questions. Data analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test. The results indicated that WhatsApp reminder messages are effective in enhancing patient self-care at the Heart and Vascular Center at Premier Hospital Surabaya (p-value

There are differences of opinion arising from the results of research on the use of WhatsApp in ELT. The results revealed that the use of WhatsApp software contributed positively to the development of English writing proficiency, and the other results considered that the use of WhatsApp has many weaknesses and difficulties in writing and other language instructions. This controversy allowed the researcher to conduct research aimed at finding out whether there was a correlation between the use of WhatsApp as a tool in writing activities and EFL student writing performance and to find out how close the relationship between the two variables is. The statistical correlation from Pearson Product Moment revealed that the correlation of the independent variable (X) with the dependent variable (Y) showed a sig. value of 0.000 < 0.05, and the correlation rate was very strong with a correlation coefficient (r = 0.832), along with the hypothesis tested showing Ho: ?1 ? 0. This study shows a very strong correlation between the use of WhatsApp as a tool in English writing activities and writing performance. WhatsApp interventions into ELT in the form of group WhatsApp and individual WhatsApp’s text message interactions have contributed to EFL students’ writing skills as the correlation of two variables goes parallel. The more students do the writing activity through WhatsApp, the higher the writing achievement they acquire.

Este artigo apresenta os resultados do trabalho que teve por objetivo investigar os processos de ensino e de aprendizagem da Língua Espanhola, na disciplina (INL025) Língua Espanhola II, desenvolvida remotamente com o auxílio do WhatsApp como ferramenta de ensino, junto aos alunos do segundo período do curso de Licenciatura em Letras: Língua e Literatura Portuguesa e Língua e Literatura Espanhola, do Instituto de Natureza e Cultura INC, da Universidade Federal do Amazonas-UFAM. Nesse sentido, procedemos metodologicamente utilizando um questionário com 15 perguntas, dentre estas 07 fechadas e 08 abertas e, formulado via Google Forms, e aplicado para uma turma de 42 alunos, dos quais 24 responderam ao questionário. A nossa análise centrou-se nos questionários e teve por base as reflexões de Borges e Paiva (2011), Kenski (2012), Có et al. (2020), Araújo e Bottentuit Junior (2015), entre outros; valendo-nos da abordagem qualitativa, bem como da Análise de Conteúdo (BARDIN, 2016). Os dados foram organizados em quatro categorias: a primeira referente aos Participantes da Pesquisa; a segunda em relação à Internet e Conectividade; a terceira categoria relacionada ao Uso do WhatsApp como Plataforma de Ensino e a quarta referente ao Ensino e Aprendizagem da Língua Espanhola na Modalidade Remota. Com isso, pudemos identificar as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos alunos na modalidade de ensino remoto.

Introduction. This research aims to explore WhatsApp Chatbot as an artificial intelligence service at the UIN Walisongo Library. Data Collection Methods. The method used is R&D with the Waterfall model from Roger S. Pressman starting from the stages of communication, planning, modeling, construction, to deployment. To build a WhatsApp Chatbot system dialog, data collection processes were conducted using observations, interviews, questionnaires and documentation. Data Analysis. The data was analyzed using descriptive qualitative. Further, the validity of the data was tested by triangulation of sources and techniques. Results and Discussion. WhatsApp Chatbot at UIN Walisongo Library was developed in five stages. They are communicating, planning, modeling, manufacturing and deploying. Information mapping is devided into Admin, Member, and General levels. WhatsApp Chatbot is integrated with SLiMS to produce dynamic and static answer obtained from librarian responses. Conclusion. WhatsApp Chatbot becomes a solution for librarians and an alternative for library users at UIN Walisongo Library. It is expected that the WhatsApp Chatbot can also be integrated with other systems in the library so that integrated information can provide more complete information to meet the needs of library users.

IntroductionEffective communication is the heart of any organization. It is associated with employees’ job satisfaction and productivity and therefore, is responsible for the institution’s continuity and prosperity. In educational institutions, communication has been undergoing swift and significant changes that affected not only instructional strategies, but also administrative dimensions. The need for instant and precise information made digital mediums indispensable for school administration that helps in planning, following up, executing, and evaluating short-term and long-term goals. Since the start of the 21st century, a multitude of smartphone applications have surfaced, all designed to enhance communication. WhatsApp is one of the applications that stands as the most popular medium, which is widely spread and used on personal as well as professional basis. The question at hand is whether employing WhatsApp as a communication tool within educational institutions can effectively contribute to the development of communication competence, encompassing aspects such as communication motivation, communication knowledge, and communication skills.MethodsBased on the indicators used to measure communication competence in institutions, this qualitative study elicited relevant information through semi-structured interviews from 14 different government secondary school principals in Jerusalem and the West Bank about the approach principals employ WhatsApp to achieve competence.ResultsThe results of the study show that indicators of communication competence are achieved through the use of WhatsApp.

Untuk saling terhubung dan tetap berkomunikasi dengan pelanggan dan calon pelanggan diperlukan media sosial yang menjadi medianya. WhatsApp group yang menjadi media online merupakan pilihan terbaik dalam menyebarkan undangan dan berbagi informasi mengenai NC atau klub nutrisi. Pelatihan menggunakan WhatsApp untuk mengundang dan membuat desain undangan dengan Canva dilaksanakan untuk meningkatkan ketrampilan anggota NC. Kegiatan pelatihan dilaksanakan dalam tiga tahap, yaitu tahap persiapan, tahap pelaksanaan dan tahap evaluasi dengan peserta pelatihan berjumlah 13 (tiga belas) orang. Hasil akhir survey menunjukkan peningkatan persentase jawaban peserta pelatihan. Sebanyak 92% peserta pelatihan memahami menggunakan Canva dan fitur-fiturnya. Hal ini menunjukkan kemampuan peserta pelatihan mengalami peningkatan setelah mengikuti pelatihan mendesain undangan dengan Canva.

Resumo Neste artigo discutimos se e em que medida as informações que circularam no WhatsApp durante as eleições presidenciais de 2018 poderiam caracterizar uma narrativa populista, e as relações desta com a democracia representativa e a ação conectiva. A partir da análise dos conteúdos veiculados nos grupos públicos do mensageiro, mostramos que estes apresentavam elementos que convergem para a caracterização tanto da narrativa populista, quanto das e-campanhas. Contudo, verificamos uma abordagem antissistêmica e odiosa, de caráter antipluralista, na qual o povo é incorpóreo e o líder é evocado, sobretudo nos conteúdos vinculados a Bolsonaro, o que sugere novas nuances do discurso populista autoritário na contemporaneidade.

Social media presents both opportunities and risks for any firm. The Internet has recently made everything possible. Due to its low cost and rapid speed, it is in high demand. Due to the virtual technique of interacting through various social media apps like Instagram, WhatsApp, Twitter, Facebook, etc., people are drawn to social networking. Despite the fact that it offers advantages on both sides, new threats are constantly emerging. Social media usage is widespread, but awareness is low, which makes significant cyberattacks more likely. Numerous threat categories put consumers at risk for cyber security. This research reviewed literature on educating Middle Eastern social media users about information security. Additionally, this research examines various threats made via social media, offers countermeasures, and considers various detection methods.

Sentiment analysis approaches have offered a useful tool for decision support systems in various fields, including politics, network management, marketing, and healthcare. Owing to the increasing impact of online social networks on these fields and the fact that they are rich sources of information, the current sentiment analysis techniques in this scenario have evolved successfully. WhatsApp is a social network platform that enables users interact with close ties in a particular manner to communicate more meaningful, genuine, tangible, and personal information to the recipient, such as a sentiment. Hence, WhatsApp domain can be defined as a sub-language of the first language. However, only few studies have focused on WhatsApp sentiment analysis. These works usually employ outdated sentiment lexicon techniques and do not assess the most modern techniques based on deep learning. This study aims to evaluate this techniques for sentiment analysis based on deep neural networks and transfer learning, considering the intrinsic features of sub-language in WhatsApp domain. BERT1 and ALBERT1 (transfer learning approaches) achieve the best performance in accuracy and F1 (88% on average for both metrics and classifiers) similarly to other domains (Twitter). Although DCNN and LSTM with static embeddings usually achieve good performance when they are pre-trained on a larger corpus of other domains, these approaches reach the worst performance for WhatsApp domain. Furthermore, ELMo provides a good trade-off between the accuracy and training time complexity, mainly when taking into account the small size of our corpus training of WhatsApp. Hence, it can be inferred that the specific characteristics of the WhatsApp sub-language has an impact on the performance of some traditional SA classifiers

In the modern world, people are too techno-friendly and dependent on technology using the Internet for every work. The same goes for the news. People are shifting from traditional mass media to digital news platforms and getting news through websites, news portals, social media, etc. If you are dependent on the Internet for every kind of information, then you will face false information on the Internet. False or fake news is defined as any information that does not have any credible and reliable source behind it or any misleading information that is likely to mislead the public. The aim behind fake news transmission is to damage a person's or entity's reputation or advertising revenue. If you want not to fall into the fake news you should know about fake news detection and media literacy. The main purpose of the study is to check the exposure of fake news awareness and fake news detection methods among social media users. In the current scenario, this is much necessary to know that social media users have the advisable knowledge of fake news detection and media literacy because people easily fall into the rumors. Mob lynching is one of the biggest rumors on the Indian Internet. In this research, the survey method and questionnaire for data collection were used. The questionnaire was distributed randomly over different social media platforms and emails to the intended respondents. The findings obtained reveal that most fake or false news in India is transmitted through WhatsApp, but social media users have adequate knowledge of fake news and media literacy.

Latar belakang. Anak epilepsi berisiko mengalami malnutrisi, keterlambatan perkembangan, dan defisiensi vitamin D akibat obat anti-epilepsi. Pandemi COVID-19 membatasi kunjungan ke dokter sehingga menghambat pemantauan pertumbuhan anak epilepsi. Pemantauan jarak jauh dapat membantu asuhan nutrisi optimal selama pandemi.. Tujuan. Mengevaluasi efektivitas pendampingan asuhan nutrisi pediatrik melalui WhatsApp pada balita epilepsi. Metode. Penelitian multisenter dimulai Maret 2021 pada pasien epilepsi (6 bulan - 5 tahun). Kelompok intervensi mendapat pendampingan asuhan nutrisi melalui WhatsApp selama 3 bulan, sementara kelompok kontrol tidak. Sebelum intervensi, subjek diberikan edukasi melalui webinar, pemeriksaan anemia defisiensi besi dan vitamin D 25-OH. Hasil. Sebanyak 73 subjek direkrut dan 69 subjek mengikuti penelitian sampai selesai. Defisiensi/insufisiensi vitamin D didapatkan pada 35,6% subjek. Oral nutrition supplement merupakan saran intervensi terbanyak (23,1%). Meski WhatsApp tidak signifikan untuk perbaikan status gizi, 84,2% orangtua melihat manfaatnya dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan dan mengatasi masalah nutrisi. Meskipun beberapa memerlukan nutrisi enteral dan kunjungan tatap muka, dampak positif WhatsApp terlihat dalam meningkatkan pemahaman orangtua. Kesimpulan. Asuhan nutrisi anak epilepsi dapat ditingkatkan melalui pendampingan WhatsApp di masa pandemi. Beberapa intervensi memerlukan konsultasi tatap muka, tetapi kombinasi supervisi daring dan kunjungan tatap muka dapat menjadi alternatif setelah pandemi, mengatasi kendala jarak dan mobilitas dalam memberikan asuhan nutrisi.

The objective of this study is to know the profiles of teacher-researchers and researchers who use the WhatsApp mobile application in their teaching practices at the Félix HOUPHOUËT-BOIGNY University (UFHB). The reference theory to explain this fact is constructivism in the thought of Piaget which emphasizes the relationship of the individual to his immediate environment to construct his knowledge. This study takes a purely descriptive approach with a sample of approximately 170 teacher-researchers and researchers at Houphouët-Boigny University. The collection tools, for the questionnaire survey are the questionnaire developed on Google Forms and sent via email addresses (147) and for the semi-structured interviews, the interview guide administered via WhatsApp. The data collected, processed using Excel 2016 and SPSS 26, highlighted two main elements: socio-demographic and professional characteristics and a categorization of UFHB teacher-researchers and researchers according to the uses they make of WhatsApp at UFHB.

Neste artigo, nosso objetivo é compreender as vantagens e os desafios da utilização do WhatsApp na produção telejornalística, especialmente na cobertura da violência urbana, com o propósito de discutir em que medida o fluxo de imagens que permeia o app afeta as rotinas profissionais. O WhatsApp tornou-se um dos aplicativos mais populares do mundo para o envio e recebimento de texto, som e imagem e os telejornais também exploram a sua instantaneidade a fim de conseguir flagrantes de violência, especialmente de regiões de conflito armado, hostis à presença de repórteres. Neste estudo, realizamos 13 entrevistas em profundidade com jornalistas de quatro emissoras de TV brasileiras. Essa metodologia foi complementada com a observação dos noticiários pelo período de seis meses. No geral, os jornalistas valorizam os flagrantes enviados pelo WhatsApp, pois a ferramenta se tornou fundamental para o preenchimento dos noticiários, permitindo acessar imagens de eventos de violência de determinados territórios conflagrados hostis à cobertura da imprensa tradicional, sem falar do potencial dos flagrantes para atrair a audiência. Mas, o fluxo intenso e multidirecional de flagrantes exige mais trabalho dos profissionais nos processos de apuração, o desenvolvimento de novas rotinas laborais e o dilema entre exibir ou não conteúdos não totalmente verificados.

The World Cup is among the most popular televised sport events. This case study examined how enjoyment from and transportation into World Cup broadcasts affected WhatsApp use on a second screen. The authors hypothesized a negative correlation between World Cup enjoyment and WhatsApp use (both match related and unrelated), mediated by transportation into the match. Based on an online survey of 454 participants, they found that the more enjoyment the viewers experienced, the less they used WhatsApp for non-match-related purposes and (contrary to their hypothesis) the more they used it for match-related purposes. It was also found that the more enjoyment viewers experienced, the more transported they were into the match, leading to higher match-related and lower non-match-related WhatsApp use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This experimental study analyzes the effect of media literacy on the ability of Spanish seniors over 50 years of age to identify fake news. The experiment measures the improvement achieved by older adults in the detection of political disinformation thanks to a digital competence course offered through WhatsApp. The study comprises a total sample of 1,029 individuals, subdivided into a control group (n = 531) and an experimental group (n = 498), from which a qualified experimental subsample (n = 87) was extracted. Results reveal that participants’ political beliefs, ranging from left to right positions, influence their ability to detect misinformation. A progressive political position is associated with higher accuracy in identifying right-biased news headlines and lower accuracy for left-biased headlines. A conservative position is associated with higher accuracy when the news headline has a progressive bias, but lower accuracy when the headline is right-wing. Users are more critical when the headline has a bias against theirs, while they are more likely to believe news that confirms their own beliefs. The study adds evidence on the relevance of cognitive biases in disinformation and supports the convenience of designing specific media literacy actions aimed at older adults.

Diferentes análises sobre a participação política de evangélicas(os) pentecostais no Brasil nos últimos anos têm chamado a atenção para transformações causadas pelos usos de mídias digitais por estes grupos. Em busca de ampliar este debate a partir de elementos que compõem usos cotidianos de grupos de oração no WhatsApp, o objetivo deste artigo é compreender como as disputas engajadas por mulheres pentecostais têm ressignificado suas carreiras pastorais e formado novas coletividades evangélicas. Com a emergência de outros modos de viver as intimidades propiciadas por dispositivos móveis, reflito sobre relações religiosas estabelecidas através de imagens e sons em grupos de WhatsApp, além dos impactos digitais nas dinâmicas de autoridade religiosa feminina e sua expansão transnacional.

WhatsApp is a free messaging and calling application that can be downloaded to mobile phones all over the world that supports the feature. It is straightforward, trustworthy, and secure. WhatsApp enables us to exchange text, voice, and audio-visual (video) messages. However, text message recipients often fail to understand the intended meaning of a text message because the text messages are not provided with intonation and direct expression, resulting in the recipient’s difficulty interpreting the message's intended meaning. This study aimed to find out the functions of emojis in WhatsApp text messages. Interpretative qualitative was used as the research methodology in this study. The data source used is the results of screenshots of chat activities on the WhatsApp application. The study came up with the findings that the primary function of emojis in WhatsApp text messages is to show and emphasize emotion, expression, and feeling like happiness, sadness, apology, embarrassment, support, anger, mockery, gratitude, criticism, humorous, etc. that cannot be spoken verbally or conveyed/shown directly.

This paper aims to analyze the value of evidence of quarrels through the whatsapp application in divorce proceedings in court. This research is normative research with a statutory approach. Types and sources of legal materials are primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials. The results of the research that quarrels carried out through the WhatsApp application can be submitted as evidence at trial, however, the value of evidence is not perfect and binding so that other evidence is needed to prove disputes and quarrels that occur continuously as a cause of divorce

O cenário apresentado de março de 2020, com o contexto da pandemia da COVID-19, fez com que muitos professores se desafiassem em aulas online, via aplicativos de mensagens instantâneas, destacando-se o WhatsApp. Este estudo, tem por objetivo apresentar e refletir sobre o estado da arte do uso do WhatsApp como recurso didático-pedagógico na Educação Básica. Para tanto, realizou-se o levantamento bibliográfico em teses, dissertações e artigos, no período de 2016 a 2021, nos catálogos da Capes, Google Acadêmico e Portal Scielo. O estado da arte atua como um mapa que proporciona ao pesquisador não se perder no caminho e nem ir por caminhos já traçados em demasia (ROMANOWSKY; ENS, 2006). Foram selecionadas 16 produções científicas. O principal critério para chegarmos a essas dezesseis produções, 10 dissertações e 6 artigos, foi o estudo selecionado descrever experiência da prática pedagógica do professor com alunos, utilizando grupos de WhatsApp, em atuação numa escola no Brasil, na Educação Básica. Quanto às vantagens do uso do aplicativo em ambiente escolar, verificou-se que proporciona maior motivação e participação dos alunos nas atividades, mas, constata-se a necessidade de planejamento e mediação pedagógica constante, caso contrário pode-se não atingir os objetivos educacionais propostos.

This paper explores country penetration levels of major Internet applications replacing physical activities. This exploration first aims to learn whether high penetration levels typify large or small countries. Second, it seeks to see whether wealthier countries, among the largest ones by population, lead penetration levels for major Internet applications. Previous data for 2010 showed that smaller countries led globally in their penetration levels, and it was not for wealthier countries to lead among the most prominent countries worldwide. The 2023 data for Internet penetration, for the adoption of smartphones, as well as for the penetration levels for the leading networking platforms (Facebook, Twitter (X), WhatsApp, Instagram, and TikTok) all reveal similar trends: high penetration levels typified both developing and developed countries and small, and usually wealthy, countries achieved the highest penetration scores worldwide. Thus, the trends studied in 2010 were not temporary. Thus, Digital networking is globally and freely available, possibly encouraging interaction and literacy. As far as e-mails are concerned, they are also automatically used by private, institutional, business, and IOT entities. Therefore, the list of leading countries for e-mail use for 2023 consists of developed countries. Online shopping levels depend on the economic status of individuals, so it was for developed countries to lead the 2023 list of online shopping levels.

Abstract This study analyses the opportunities and pitfalls of using chatgroups for plant health systems. It also examines the conditions for strengthening chatroom functions and considers the possibility of replicating reported successes in healthcare settings to plant health systems. We use mixed qualitative methods, which include stakeholder surveys and observation of chatgroup activity interactions in Ghana, Kenya, Uganda and Sri Lanka. Our findings show that there is evidence of the benefits of chatgroups to human health which can be replicated in plant health. Replication should, however, not be a ‘copy and paste’ approach. This is due to the general lack of evidence-based guidelines and lessons learned to move beyond the initial adoption success of communication applications. Also, in practice, plant doctor chatgroups are generally much larger than groups in healthcare settings and it remains to be seen whether increasing chatroom activity could benefit specific plant health objectives; or whether it would lead to increased labour costs, and/or diminish the participation of plant doctors. One Health impact statement The article is relevant in a One Health context as it demonstrates that there is a lot to learn between sectors about interventions and approaches. The work used literature from human health interventions to shed light on how a similar intervention in plant health functioned and could be improved. It shows that if actors in the plant health sector had engaged early on with actors in the human health sector, they may have avoided pitfalls in the ways that chatgroups can be used to support plant health management. It is expected that human, animal and plant health sectors would benefit from the knowledge and recommendations in this article to establish new online chatgroups that can support transformative change.

The training imparted to medical students during their undergraduation period has to be multifaceted to ensure that upon the completion of the training, we succeed in producing competent medical graduates. The purpose of the current review was to explore the utility of WhatsApp in the delivery of medical education and clinical teaching. An extensive search of all materials related to the topic was carried out on the PubMed search engine, and a total of 14 articles were selected based on their suitability with the current review objectives. Keywords used in the search include social media, WhatsApp, and medical education in the title alone only. WhatsApp is the instant messaging applications, and with time, it has been observed that it has become an integral part of the community of medical students worldwide. Utilizing the medium of WhatsApp can prove to be an effective approach to bridge the existing gap between teachers and students predominantly because of the flexibility, instant messaging, and sharing additional information with the students for additional reading. To conclude, the delivery of medical education has shown significant transformation over the years to meet the needs of learners. Acknowledging the potential of WhatsApp, its user-friendly nature, and its popularity among medical students, it is very much necessary to utilize the medium for the delivery of the curriculum beyond college hours and at their time of convenience.

TELKOM Tamalanrea Automated Telephone Center (ATC) is one of the automated telephone centers that supports telecommunication activities in Makassar city. ATC TELKOM has a strategy in marketing Indihome products, namely by a door-to-door and open table. For digital marketing, TELKOM’s ATC only utilizes the Search Engine Optimization (SEO) system owned by TELKOM Indonesia to market products, however, interactive marketing using social media has not been able to drive sales of Indihome products and other services. This study aimed to determine the promotional design that was carried out and to develop interactive content on social media to support the marketing and sales of Indihome products at TELKOM Tamalanrea. This study uses a qualitative descriptive analysis technique, namely, to describe the data that has been collected descriptively through interviews, observation, and field research. In carrying out the research, development, and implementation stages of interactive content on WhatsApp social media, the author manages WhatsApp accounts and develops interactive promotional content using several WhatsApp features. The results of the development and implementation of interactive content on WhatsApp social media carried out by the author during the research were effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: social media consists of many applications like Facebook, WhatsApp, YouTube and many more through which people communicate with each other. Over the past few years, the use of social media has increased tremendously. Apart from its advantages in our lives, increased use of social media has many health-related adverse effects like vision problems, sleep problems, depression and anxiety. This study aims to find the relationship between increased use of social media and its various health related adverse effects on the students of Khyber Medical College. Study type, settings & duration: This cross-sectional study conducted at Khyber Medical College, Peshawar from January to June 2020. Methodology: A sample size of 412 calculated using the WHO calculator for sample size and the sampling technique employed was a random sampling technique. The tool used to collect the data was questionnaire based; representative of each class group from first year to final year. SPSS Microsoft for Windows was used to analyze the data quantitatively. Results: Each variable was quantitatively weighed with a total of 63.8% of the study population exceeding 2 hours of recommended screen time. Of the various variables evaluated; depression, anxiety, disturbed sleep and vision problems showed a positive relationship with prolonged social media usage whereas use of sleep-inducing drugs were not related to prolonged social media usage. Conclusion: We were able to conclude from the comparison with previously conducted studies that health related problems have been on the rise due to increased utilization of social media apps which should be addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The COVID 19 pandemic brought direct consequences to health institutions. The strategies implemented to face the health crisis were concentrated on two fronts. On the one hand, it was necessary to cover the care of critical patients, and on the other, to create internal communication strategies. Objectives: To know the perception of the staff of the Hospital Clínico Félix Bulnes located in Cerro Navia (Chile) on the actions implemented in internal communication between March 2020 and September 2022. Methodology: A Likert survey and a focus group were carried out with 40 officials from the Félix Bulnes hospital, located in Cerro Navia (Chile), from different levels and roles who participated voluntarily. Results: The strategies implemented from internal communication are positively perceived by officials, however, there are a number of opportunities to develop and enhance digital channels of interaction and new methodologies that integrate communicational participation in a transversal way. Conclusion: There is a preference for the use of digital interaction channels by hospital officials, and reveal the importance and central role played by internal communication for the development of organizational culture and transversal communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The majority of adolescents communicate via text-based messaging, particularly through WhatsApp, a widely used free communication application. Written content on WhatsApp has the methodological potential to provide rich qualitative interview data. This study compares data collected using text-based WhatsApp versus face-to-face interview techniques. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a sample of early school leavers in South Africa, using WhatsApp (n = 9) and face-to-face (n = 27) followed by a focus group discussion with interviewers. Mann–Whitney U and chi-squared were used to assess associations. WhatsApp text-based interviews took significantly longer to complete but were comparable to face-to-face on the number of themes generated. Rapport, measured as the number of statements from the interviewer aimed at creating a sense of affinity, comfort, and distress reduction, differed between interview conditions. It may be methodologically appropriate for researchers to offer participants a choice of a preferred method of interviewing or consider pragmatic blended approaches of face-to-face and WhatsApp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article titled "WHATSAPP PANIC ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES IN THE FACE OF THE APPLICATION'S SERVICE OUTAGE" investigates the attitudes and practices of WhatsApp users during the global outage of Facebook services in October 2020. The study focuses on software cultural studies and examines how users experience and relate to social media platforms. It also explores the generational dimension in the use of technology and its impact on social relationships. [Extracted from the article]

Although WhatsApp greatly facilitates communication, bringing benefits to everyone, as it makes use of end-to-end encryption, it also allows elements to be adopted for the preparation of demands involving criminal offenses. In this article, the feasibility of using end-to-end encryption in WhatsApp will be investigated in view of the fundamental duties of collaboration with public security and judicial cooperation. Initially, end-to-end encryption in WhatsApp will be related to the protection of the fundamental right to privacy, to later identify the fundamental duties involved, as well as analyze whether the use of end-to-end encryption in WhatsApp is compatible with them. In order to achieve its desideratum, the deductive method was used in the conduct of the research, concluding that, nowadays, it is not feasible to use end-toend encryption in WhatsApp in view of the aforementioned fundamental duties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides an original and timely contribution to current cutting-edge methodological debates by discussing the ongoing need to ensure communities in zones which are inaccessible through war, conflict or disease still have a voice and are not side-lined. As seen during Covid-19, traditional methods of gaining opinions from these communities, such as face-to-face interviews and focus groups, may be restricted and even impossible. Instead, remote methods using WhatsApp provide many additional benefits, providing qualitative and quantitative data (not always simultaneously provided by surveys or interviews), and allowing voice and text messages to be used. This article draws out the generic implications for the methodology using the substantive findings of a study conducted in the Sahel in 2019–20. Whilst also providing 'how to' discussions on this novel approach, the article critically reflects on the advantages and disadvantages of using WhatsApp as it relates to conducting social research in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the outcomes of virtual nutritional counseling (VNC) for oncology patients during the Covid-19 pandemic. Our study evaluated the nutritional status data of cancer patients at the baseline and after VNC. An oncology dietitian evaluated the patients by video calling each patient via WhatsApp and sent an individual nutrition diet plan and recommendations via e-mail. Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) was used as a screening and evaluation tool to assess nutritional status. A total of 157 patients with a mean age of 55.8 ± 14.7 (r = 19–89) were included in the study. Researchers detected at least one nutrition-related sign in 77.7% of patients. After the VNC and based on the final PG-SGA assessments, 62.2% of the patients whose baseline PG-SGA Score-B improved to Score-A, 12.5% with a baseline PG-SGA Score-C improved to Score-A and 54.2% with a baseline Score-C improved to a Score - B (χ 2 = 55,000, P < 0.001). Based on the number of VNCs, the improvement in malnutrition status following two sessions and three or more sessions was found to be 17.6% and 35.7%, respectively (P < 0.001). Our results confirm that VNC can improve the nutritional status of cancer patients. Hence, nutritional counseling should be an integral part of oncological treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The current study aims at investigating congratulation methods by Jordanian users of social media. The study also investigates the influence of culture on speech acts of congratulation. The researchers compiled a corpus consisting of (400) messages and comments from two major social media, Facebook and WhatsApp. The data were obtained from friends' and relatives' comments regarding four occasions: religious events, graduation from (school/university), having a baby, and getting married. They were decoded and analyzed according to Elwood’s (2004) proposed taxonomy of congratulation strategies. The quantitative and qualitative approaches were employed in analyzing the data. The results of the study showed that the most frequently used strategies of congratulation were illocutionary force indicating device (IFID), the offer of good wishes, and expression of happiness combined with using the word “Allah” (God) and prayer for the benefit of the addressee due to cultural and religious background. Culture played a significant role in the results where the religious factor was evident in the majority of employed IFID. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]