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This paper studies the gender productivity gap in biochemical and biophysical sciences in Argentina for the period 2011–2018. Women publish less papers than men due to academic and non-academic differences. We define the former as the individual characteristics related to research activity, that are developed in the public sphere, and non-academic as the ones related to the private sphere (such as housework and breeding). The later tend to negatively impact on the academic characteristics of female researchers, even when they are not supposed to be related. We test whether the gender productivity gap persists even when academic characteristics between men and women are alike, and to what extent these characteristics contribute to reduce the gap. The methodological approached is based on an extension of the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition, named multivariate decomposition for nonlinear response models. Results show that both observable (academic) and unobservable factors (both academic and non-academic) explain the gender productivity gap and that the former contribute to the reduction but not the elimination. • Gender productivity gap in biochemical and biophysical sciences is studied. • Women publish between 0.39 and 0.34 fewer papers than men per year. • Women publish less papers than men due to academic and non-academic differences. • Differences in tenure, age and seniority explain 75 % of the productivity gap. • There is a 25 % of the gap that remains unexplained (equal academic profiles). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We performed ab initio valence-space in-medium similarity renormalization group (VS-IMSRG) calculations based on chiral two-nucleon and three-nucleon interactions to investigate the anomalous seniority breaking in the neutron number N = 50 isotones: 92Mo, 94Ru, 96Pd, and 98Cd. Our calculations well reproduced the measured low-lying spectra and electromagnetic E 2 transitions in these nuclei, supporting partial seniority conservation in the first π g 9 / 2 shell. Recent experiments have revealed that, compared to the symmetric patterns predicted under the conserved seniority symmetry, the 4 1 + → 2 1 + E 2 transition strength in 94Ru is significantly enhanced and that in 96Pd is suppressed. In contrast, the 6 1 + → 4 1 + and 8 1 + → 6 1 + transitions exhibit the opposite trend. We found that this anomalous asymmetry is sensitive to subtle seniority breaking effects, providing a stringent test for state-of-the-art nucleon-nucleon interactions and nuclear models. We analyzed the anomalous asymmetry using VS-IMSRG calculations across various valence spaces. Our ab initio results suggest that core excitations of both proton and neutron across the Z = 50 shell are ascribed to the observed anomalous seniority breaking in the N = 50 isotones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Journal of Ecclesiastical History offers two essay prizes, the Eusebius Essay Prize and the World Christianities Essay Prize, each worth £500 and awarded in alternate years. The Eusebius Prize is for essays on early Christian history up to the seventh century, while the World Christianities Prize is for essays on Christianity beyond Europe and North America since 700 CE. Scholars from various disciplines are encouraged to submit essays, with submissions not exceeding 8,000 words. Submissions for the World Christianities Prize are due by March 31, 2025, and for the Eusebius Prize by March 31, 2026. [Extracted from the article]

Crew scheduling problem is divided into crew pairing problem (CPP) and crew rostering problem (CRP). In this paper, a rostering model is presented to assign crew to pairings in such a way that total weighted preference is maximized. Crew members declare which parings they wish to be assigned and which ones are undesirable for them. A score is calculated in the objective function if a crew member is assigned to his/her preferred pairing, and a penalty is considered if he/she is assigned to an undesirable pairing. Moreover, crew seniorities are considered in calculating total preference. In addition, the model considers standard rules and regulations as well as crew attendance at the required training courses. The model is formulated in such a way that inconsistent crew members are not assigned to a flight. Due to the uncertainty in determining of the seniority weight, this parameter is considered as fuzzy. At the end, the robust counterpart of the nominal model is developed due to the uncertainty of time away from the base (TAFB). In this research, the issue of inconsistent crew in rostering problem is considered for the first time. Moreover, a new scoring mechanism is introduced to calculate desirable and undesirable assignments in the objective function. The proposed CRP is solved using the genetic algorithm (GA), and its performance is verified in comparison with GAMS in some test problems. On average, the optimality gap in GA is only 0.5 percent. Finally, the proposed model is examined with real-world data from Air India Airline. In comparison with the previous research studies, the suggested model (scoring mechanism) reduced the number of undesirable rosters by 61.59%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shi is fundamental and indispensable in understanding Han Fei's political philosophy. Han Feizi presents a political term with different meanings such as power, status, and situation. Han Fei's doctrine of Shi attempts to consolidate and strengthen the prince's Shi by limiting the subjects' status and power. Any knighthood or government position must be granted by following suitable inheritance principles or appointment rules. The actual dominance of any person must be strictly matched with their rank of nobility or seniority of position. This hierarchy of dominance puts the prince at the top with unmatched power, who can then engage in coercion to eliminate anyone who is not submissive, and create terror to effectively control the subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Partial privatization creates organizational hybrids that can generate conflict between professional and institutional logic among social workers. Research is scant but necessary to identify better organizational approaches. Using the social and economic exchange (SEE) model, we examined Israeli social workers' perception of their relationships with their workplaces. To examine organizational affiliation and seniority impact on SEE, we conducted a two-way ANOVA on data from 824 social workers: 55.1% from government sector (GSO) 30.8% from 'third sector' (TSO), and 14.1% from for-profit sector (FPO) organizations. Our findings showed the SEE model identified ways organizations and their social workers manage sector hybridity. Social exchange among TSO social workers was higher than GSOs, but similar to FPOs. Economic exchange was higher in FPOs, compared to GSOs. Seniority related only to economic exchange, possibly signaling change among newer social workers. TSOs must strengthen their social exchange to maintain their advantage among social workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the research is to determine whether the critical thinking tendencies of Turkish teachers differ according to various variables. The research group contains 229 Turkish teachers working in Turkey’s public schools. In the research survey method was used, which is selected among descriptive research methods. The tendency of teachers was measured by a scale called “The Marmara CTT Scale (CCI)” developed for teachers and administrators by Özgenel and Çetin (2018). The scale involves 6 factors, 28 items and the general reliability coefficient was found to be .91. In the end of the research, it was seen that Turkish teachers were at good level of CTT. It has been determined that there is no significant link between the gender, education level and professional seniority of Turkish teachers and their CTT. Furthermore, it was observed that the frequency of reading had an effect on the CTT of Turkish teachers. Accordingly, as the frequency of reading of the participants increased, the level of their CTT increased, too. The findings were discussed in the light of the studies in the literature and at the end, various recommends were given to the education stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gazi University Journal of Gazi Educational Faculty (GUJGEF) is the property of Gazi University Journal of Gazi Educational Faculty (GUJGEF) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article provides empirical evidence to show how the general secretaries of the Chinese Communist Party dominated provincial personnel through their factional ties. Based on panel data from 1993 to 2017, this study finds that the provincial leaders' personal connections with the incumbent party head significantly increased their promotion chances. The positive effect of the incumbent party heads on promotion did not depend on provincial leaders' economic performance and seniority. This study further uncovers that working experiences in the prefectural leading positions strongly increased the likelihood of promotion. However, connections with other important top leaders did not have similar effects. These findings challenge the traditional wisdom on the collective leadership and indicate the dominance of the Chinese Communist Party's heads for provincial personnel arrangements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of a maternal HIV vaccine to synergize with current antiretroviral drug prophylaxis can overcome implementation challenges and further reduce mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV. Both the epitope-specificity and autologous neutralization capacity of maternal HIV envelope (Env)-specific antibodies have been implicated in decreased risk of MTCT of HIV. Our goal was to determine if heterologous HIV Env immunization of SHIV.C.CH505-infected, ART-suppressed female rhesus macaques (RMs) could boost autologous Env-specific antibodies. SHIV.C.CH505-infected female RMs (n = 12), began a daily ART regimen at 12 weeks post-infection (wpi), which was continued for 12 weeks. Starting 2 weeks after ART initiation, RMs received 3 monthly immunizations with HIV b.63521/1086.C gp120 or placebo (n = 6/group) vaccine with adjuvant STR8S-C. Compared to the placebo-immunized animals, Env-vaccinated, SHIV-infected RMs exhibited enhanced IgG binding, avidity, and ADCC responses against the vaccine immunogens and the autologous SHIV.C.CH505 Env. Notably, the Env-specific memory B cells elicited by heterologous vaccination were dominated by cells that recognized the SHIV.C.CH505 Env, the antigen of primary exposure. Thus, vaccination of SHIV-infected, ART-suppressed RMs with heterologous HIV Envs can augment multiple components of the antibody response against the Env antigen of primary exposure, suggesting antigenic seniority. Our results suggest that a universal maternal HIV vaccination regimen can be developed to leverage antigenic seniority in targeting the maternal autologous virus pool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The role of simulation in teaching technical skills to medical students is not yet well defined. Strategies for its use may be especially relevant where teachers, time, and resources are limited, especially in low-middle-income countries. Methods: Sixty-seven third-year and 67 fifth-year medical students at the University of Botswana were taught surgical skills by a trained peer medical student, a medical officer with no specialty training or a staff surgeon. Pre- and post-intervention performance of two basic tasks (simple interrupted suture (SIS) and laparoscopic peg transfer (LPT)) and one complex task (laparoscopic intracorporeal suture (LIS)) were assessed. Subjective measures of self-perceived performance, preparedness for internship, and interest in surgery were also measured. Results: The simulation program decreased the time to complete the two basic tasks and improved the objective score for the complex task. Performance of the basic skills improved regardless of the seniority of the instructor while performance of the advanced skill improved more when taught by a staff surgeon. All students had similar improvements in their self-reported confidence to perform the skills, preparedness to assist in an operation and preparedness for internship, regardless of the seniority of their instructor. Students taught by a staff surgeon felt better prepared to assist in laparoscopic procedures. Conclusion: Simulation-based teaching of defined surgical skills can be effectively conducted by peers and near-peers. The implications are widespread and may be most relevant where time and resources are limited, and where experienced teachers are scarce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key points: Juniority is a complex category dependent not only on the length of academic career but also cultural and structural factors.Because of the complexity of defining juniority, it may not be easily changeable to seniority in some situations.For some journals, even those that are not solely student‐oriented, PhD candidates and other early‐career scholars represent a critical group of contributors.Fostering a link to junior scholars may be a key journal development strategy, especially for lower‐ranked journals and those looking for fresh ideas and innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Asian Journal of Instruction / Asya Öğretim Dergisi is the property of Asian Journal of Instruction and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study explores the relationship between CFO qualifications and a firm 's internal control weakness (ICWs). We use three measures for CFO competence: financial/accounting background, seniority, and education. Using a sample of Taiwanese listed firms from 2012 to 2015, the results of this study show a negative relationship between CFO financial/accounting background and seniority with internal control weakness, indicating firms with higher quality CFOs experience a lower number of ICWs. CFO education level, however, is not related with a firm's internal control weakness. The results imply that capable CFOs can effectively implement a good internal system. The result of this study provides practical and policy implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Die Unternehmensbesteuerung (Ubg) is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciencia Administrativa is the property of Universidad Veracruzana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Aksaray University Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences / Aksaray Üniversitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Aksaray University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Theoretical Educational Science / Kuramsal Eğitimbilim Dergisi is the property of Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Çalışma ve Toplum is the property of Calisma ve Toplum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We develop a framework for deriving dynamic monotonicity results in long‐term stochastic contracting problems with symmetric information. Specifically, we construct a notion of concave separable activity that encompasses many prevalent contractual components (e.g., wage, effort, level of production, etc.). We then provide a tight condition under which such activities manifest a form of seniority in every contracting problem in which they are present: any change that occurs in the level of the activity over time favors the agent. Our work unifies and significantly generalizes many existing results and can also be used to establish monotonicity results in other settings of interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the sentence of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura on an appeal admitted against part of a decree of the Pontifical Council for the Laity. The appeal refers to a dispute over the allocation of positions in a public association and the registration of seniority. The court issued a final sentence establishing the position of each person involved in the registry. It also mentions a dispute over the inclusion of two members in the association's books. The sentence was issued on June 20, 2013. [Extracted from the article]

The Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura has admitted an appeal filed by Mr. Y, a member of the public association X of P, against part of the Decree of the Pontifical Council for the Laity. Mr. Y complained about the place that had been assigned to him in the X register of seniority, and after unsuccessful attempts at a solution, Archbishop N did not respond to his letter. The Tribunal established that Mr. Y should have his position in the register after Mr. R and before Mr. S, and that Mr. Z and Mr. V should also have their positions in the association's register. Additionally, the Archbishop must appoint a Commissioner for the association and call for elections to renew the council. The Archbishop appealed against this decision, but the Apostolic Signatura granted the suspension regarding Mr. Y's registration in the X register of seniority. [Extracted from the article]

The Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura has admitted the partial suspension of the Decree of the Pontifical Council for the Laity, dated May 24, 2011. The suspended decree established the position of Mr. Y in the seniority register and the annual fees of Mr. Z and Mr. V in an association. The Most Excellent Archbishop N filed an appeal and requested the suspension of the contested act. The Supreme Tribunal decided on the suspension considering the fumus boni iuris and the possibility of irreparable harm. [Extracted from the article]

Professional identity development in higher education and its implications is a growing interest in the literature. Research indicates that the professional identity of academic lecturers has been unstable and influenced by a variety of personal and contextual factors. With a lack of a clear definition of professional identity in literature, we composed The Professional Identity COVID Scale (PI-COVID) specifically designed to measure lecturers' professional identity in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic. The items focused on three components: occupational security, academic skills, and combining teaching and research. The purpose of the present study was to examine the associations between lecturers' age, years of seniority, academic rank, and work permanence on the professional identity of academic lecturers post-COVID-19 in Israel. Participants were 95 academic lecturers teaching in universities and colleges. Using self-report questionnaires, participants filled the PI-COVID scale. Results showed that age is negatively and significantly associated with PI-COVID. Moreover, seniority years, academic rank, and work permanence are associated with more COVID-19 challenges. Findings showed that lecturers without work permanence and with lower academic rank reported higher occupational insecurity during the pandemic, which emphasizes the vulnerability of younger lecturers and their need for confidence and stability, especially during a crisis event. Thus, our study contributes to the existing literature by better understanding the post-COVID-19 professional identity of academic lecturers. Implications and limitations for future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cumhuriyet International Journal of Education is the property of Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The fragmentary inscription on the ludi saeculares contains mention of two senatus consulta of year 17 BCE. This paper gives new arguments for identifying the five known consulars heading the drafting commission of the senatus consultum of 17 February: M. Iunius Silanus (cos. 25), Cn. Cornelius Lentulus (cos. 18), L. Marcius Censorinus (cos. 39), C. Asinius Pollio (cos. 40) and L. Vinicius (cos. suff. 33). This list challenges the accepted notion that senators named as members of the drafting commissions of senatus consulta (and other official documents) were always arranged according to their seniority (i.e., who had held a given office earliest). Such an open new approach could question or even significantly alter the chronology of Roman magistracies that has been accepted on the basis of seniority hierarchy so far. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to determine if there is a dependency association between the characteristics of micro, small and medium-sized companies (MSMEs) in terms of size, seniority, level of education of their managers and gender, and the taking of credit «drop by drop». An investigation is developed with quantitative methodology and the population under study is taken as MSMEs of the city of Bogotá (Colombia). As main findings, it is identified that there is a dependency association between the variables of company size, company age, managerial level of education, and taking credit «drop by drop» (informal loans). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To establish the relationship between static balance and anthropometric and baropodometric variables in young speed skaters. Material and method: a descriptive, cross-sectional study with correlational scope was developed. Fifty-eight young skaters, between 11 and 15 years old, were evaluated, the majority women, 55 % of distance modality and 45 % of speed. Static balance was assessed with the Romberg Index, the type of foot and the percentage of support surface of the entire foot, forefoot, midfoot and hindfoot; as well as body mass index and lower limbs length. Correspondence and homogeneity tests were carried out. Results: no statistically significant associations were found between static balance and seniority in skating, BMI, lower limbs length and support surface (total, forefoot, midfoot or hindfoot) (p > 0.05). Conclusions: most of the skaters showed altered static balance. Almost all of them showed asymmetry between lower limbs. greater support was observed in the hindfoot, the predominant type of foot was that of “very high arch”. Asymmetry in the type of feet was found in 41 % of the skaters. No statistically significant associations were found between static balance with sports, anthropometric or baropodometric variables in young cart skaters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Politica y Sociedad is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research was carried out to examine the relationship between school managers' leadership styles and teachers' organizational commitment and organizational trust levels. In the study, it was tried to determine whether the opinions of the teachers differed significantly in terms of gender, marital status and professional seniority variables. In this context, the descriptive relational survey model was used as the research model. The universe of the research consists of teachers working in YeĢilyurt district of Malatya province. The sample of the study consists of 351 teachers selected from the population using the simple random sampling method. Descriptive statistical analyzes were made on the collected data. According to teachers' opinions, school managers exhibited transformational, liberating and sustainable leadership practices at a moderate level; teachers' organizational commitment levels are high; It has been determined that the perception level of trust in colleagues is quite high, the level of trust in students and parents and the level of trust in the school principal are moderate. It was determined that teachers' perception levels of school managers' leadership styles and organizational commitment did not differ significantly in terms of gender variable. In terms of marital status variable, only liberating leadership style was found at the level of teachers' perception of school principals' leadership styles; It has been revealed that organizational commitment and the level of perception of trust in students and parents from the dimensions of organizational trust differ significantly, but there is no significant difference in other dimensions. In terms of professional seniority variable, it was determined that teachers' perception levels of school managers' leadership styles and organizational commitment did not differ significantly in terms of professional seniority variable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing competition, challenging market conditions, accelerated business life with the contribution of technology, pandemics, and economic crises require more effective and efficient management of businesses. Factors that have a direct impact on organizations, such as remote working, with the fact that business life has become independent from physical space and technological opportunities increase, make the concept of leadership open to development. It is believed that businesses can be managed more efficiently and effectively with effective leadership behaviors. The virtualization of the leadership function, which adapts to modern times, results in becoming more inspiring. It is expected that the leader will demonstrate more supervision, interaction, and more exemplary and inspiring skills to overcome difficulties. There are only a few studies on sparking leadership in the literature. The effects on the business have not been measured. This study aims to investigate the effect of sparking leadership on the organizational performance perceived by the employees while revealing the characteristics of leadership. Another issue to be argued is whether the employees are affected differently by the sparking leadership style according to their gender and seniority. In the literature, the behavior patterns of the leaders according to their gender have been examined, but no study has been found about the impact of the leadership style according to gender and seniority. Although it is not possible to generalize, it is predicted that the study can contribute to this area [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the relationship between CFO qualifications and a firm's internal control weakness (ICWs). We use three measures for CFO competence: financial/accounting background, seniority, and education. Using a sample of Taiwanese listed firms from 2012 to 2015, the results of this study show a negative relationship between CFO financial/accounting background and seniority with internal control weakness, indicating firms with higher quality CFOs experience a lower number of ICWs. CFO education level, however, is not related with a firm's internal control weakness. The results imply that capable CFOs can effectively implement a good internal system. The result of this study provides practical and policy implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Kirsehir Education Faculty is the property of Journal of Kirsehir Education Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Technology, which is expected to affect teachers' work positively, may have negative effects such as technostress. Technostress, on the other hand, can affect teachers' professional burnout. With this study, it was aimed to reveal the relationship between teachers' technostress and professional burnout levels. For this purpose, quantitative data were collected from 190 teachers in a province located in the Western Black Sea Region in the academic year 2020-2021. Two scales were used to collect quantitative data. Of these, the "Technostress Scale" consists of 28 items and 5 factors, and the "Burnout Scale" consists of 10 items and a single factor. The relationship between the obtained data and teachers' technostress and professional burnout levels was investigated. The differences between teachers' technostress and professional burnout levels and variables of gender, school level and professional seniority were investigated. As a result of the analysis of the data obtained, it was seen that the teachers' technostress levels were moderate and their professional burnout levels were at the level of danger signals. A significant difference was found between teachers' technostress and gender variables, and it was seen that female teachers' technostress levels were higher than male teachers' technostress levels. No significant difference was found between the teachers' professional burnout levels and the gender variable. No significant difference was found between teachers' technostress and professional burnout levels and professional seniority, education level variables. It has been observed that there is a positive moderate relationship between teachers' technostress and professional burnout levels. However, technostress affects teachers' professional burnout. Technostress explained approximately 28% of occupational burnout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leader-driven personal parties often campaign on a ticket promising elite renewal and novel ways of doing politics. One way of looking apart from the sitting political establishment is to recruit women into visible party positions. This study examines whether personal parties can improve women's access to reelection by institutionalizing performance-based rules of internal promotion, which are necessitated by the lack of organic party cohesion. A site-intensive study of the Slovak Freedom and Solidarity party identifies a number of gendered structural constraints that impede the party's female incumbents from excelling in those tasks that are deemed important by the party. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polityka Spoleczna is the property of Institute of Labour & Social / Instytut Pracy i Spraw Socjalnych and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• Speech Average Loss Index (SAL), the Early Loss Index (ELI) and the Percentage of Hearing Loss. • We examined a sample of 1,418 workers from a wide range of jobs. • Variables used: gender, age, noise level and other non-work-related factors. • Bayesian networks. Introduction: This research relates the most important work-related factors affecting the development of hearing loss to the main methods used as medical assessment criteria in the diagnosis of occupational deafness. These criteria are the Speech Average Loss Index (SAL), the Early Loss Index (ELI) and the Percentage of Hearing Loss, and are applied to data obtained from audiograms performed on workers in occupational medical examinations. Method: Depending on the assessment method selected, these often return different results in grading an individual's hearing status and predicting how it will evolve. To address this problem, medical examinations (including audiograms) were carried out on a heterogeneous sample of 1,418 workers in Spain, from which demographic or personal data (gender, age, etc.), occupational data (noise level to which each individual is exposed, etc.) and other non-work-related factors (exposure to noise outside work, family history, etc.) were also gathered. Using Bayesian Networks, the conditional probability of an individual developing hearing loss was obtained taking into account all these factors and, specifically, noise level and length of service in the workplace. Sensitivity analyses were also carried out using the three scales (SAL, ELI and Percentage Hearing Loss Index), proving their suitability as tools the diagnosis and prediction of deafness. These networks were validated under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (ROC) criterion and in particular by the Area Under the Curve (AUC). Results: The results show that all three methods are deficient in so far as detecting preventive hearing problems related to noise in most workplaces. Conclusions: The most restrictive methods for detecting possible cases of deafness are the SAL index and the Percentage Loss Index. The ELI index is the least restrictive of the three methods, but it is not able to discriminate the causes of hearing problems in an individual caused by exposure to noise, either by its intensity level or by the time of exposure to noise. Practical Applications: The use of the three methods in the field of occupational risk prevention is extremely limited and it seems reasonable to think that there is a need for the construction of new scales to correct or improve the existing ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The government hospitals work round the clock and huge single-use non biodegradable plastic materials are used by patients, their attendants, staff and the public at large for their day-to-day activities. Therefore, awareness among the healthcare workers is essential for the full implementation of the policy of ban on single-use plastic items. Aim: To study the awareness regarding ban on single-use plastic items among nursing professionals. Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional study done on nursing professionals across all seniority and from various specialty departments. Overall, 550 nursing professionals were included in the study. A pretested questionnaire, comprising 16 questions, was used as a study tool. Chi-square test was applied for studying the significant association among different variables. Results: The response rate was 91% i.e., out of total 550 nursing professionals 498 participated in the study. It was observed that 37.4% of participants were in the 31-40 years age group, 95% were females, 90.6% were married and 90.4% were from the urban area. It was found that the mean knowledge score of three knowledge questions (mean=1.120, SE=0.032, SD=0.715, 95% CI=1.057-1.183) was higher among females, unmarried staff and respondents with a rural background. Primarily, majority of the nursing staff (i.e., 82%) had learned about the ban on singleuse plastic from television and newspaper rather than formal teaching/training. Conclusion: The hospitals should start regular formal teaching/training programme for increasing awareness of healthcare workers regarding ban of single-use plastic items. Thus, it is relevant to address this issue through well-planned formal training sessions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What factors impact on the productivity of legislators? In this paper, we argue that legislative productivity depends not only on party affiliation, seniority, gender, and other contextual considerations (e.g., alignment with the executive), as previous studies have shown, but also on the connections between legislators. Our main argument is that legislators' effectiveness in getting their proposals approved by the chamber depends on their centrality in the cosponsorship network. Unlike previous studies of Latin American legislatures, which usually consider bills as the unit of analysis, we focus on legislators and their individual records. We consider individual productivity as the number of authored bills approved by the chamber in a two-year congress. To test our hypothesis, we use data from the Argentine Chamber of Deputies from 1983 to 2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ahmet Zuhuri Danışman was elected as a deputy from the province of Bolu after the general elections held on 14 May 1950. Ahmet Zuhuri Danışman, who has worked as a teacher and director for many years and also has many labors, talked about the problems of National Education in general in his works in the Assembly. He worked for the solution of the seniority problem of teachers and brought the issue of helping students who continue their higher education to the agenda in the Assembly. Having continued as a teacher and writer for many years not only enabled him to express himself more comfortably in the speeches of the Assembly, but also helped the audience listen carefully. He also included the province of Bolu, where he was elected as a deputy, in his works, and prepared a proposal with his friend about giving electricity to Bolu from Çatalağzı. In this study, the activities of the Bolu Deputy of the Democratic Party (DP), Ahmet Zuhuri Danışman, who came into power after the 1950 elections, were examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many system development organizations face difficulties in ensuring innovation in digital innovation processes. This paper reports from an interpretive case study of an experiment where two system development teams compete to design a novel application. The paper explores how variation in seniority can support digital innovations and hence improve organizational learning and practice. The experiment indicates how the rules of engagement play a key role in balancing the challenge within a busy work life and provide positive outcomes in the form of hard and soft skills for individuals and for the case organization. The paper concludes by suggesting a stepwise challenge design guide and conceptual model that illustrates how the challenges concept could be included in the practitioner fields of digital innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Balkan & Near Eastern Journal of Social Sciences (BNEJSS) is the property of Balkan & Near Eastern Journal of Social Sciences (BNEJSS) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: Executive sponsors play a significant role in the success of megaprojects which, in turn, affect national economies and millions of people. However, the literature on the requisite attributes of project sponsors on megaprojects is still sparse. The purpose of the paper is to provide guidelines to company boards and executives who are tasked to appoint suitable executive sponsors to megaprojects. Thus, the paper contributes to the sparse literature on megaproject sponsors. Design/methodology/approach: A total of 26 senior managers, with experience in megaprojects ranging from 8 to 15 years – and who were involved in 6 recent megaprojects with a combined value of US$13.75bn – were interviewed on the attributes of megaproject sponsors. Transcriptions of semi-structured, open-ended interviews were analysed with computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software (CAQDAS). Findings: The study identified the most essential attribute as appropriate seniority, being empowered and accountable, with appropriate seniority, being empowered and accountable, with apposite credibility and with both personal and positional power. The study also uncovered 13 attributes – all components of "competence" – which have not previously been explicitly identified in literature as elements of sponsor "competence". Originality/value: In the current study guidelines are provided for the selection and appointment of appropriate megaproject sponsors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciencia e Innovación en Salud is the property of Universidad Simon Bolivar (USB) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study proposes a new practical approach for tracking institutional changes in research teamwork and productivity using commonly available institutional electronic databases such as eCV and grant management systems. We tested several definitions of interdisciplinary collaborations based on number of collaborations and their fields of discipline. We demonstrated that the extent of interdisciplinary collaboration varies significantly by academic unit, faculty appointment and seniority. Interdisciplinary grants constitute 24% of all grants but the trend has significantly increased over the last five years. Departments with more interdisciplinary grants receive more research funding. More research is needed to improve efficiency of interdisciplinary collaborations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Unfortunately, in most organizations, the promotion process is not always managed under fairness conditions and usually, this issue produces harmful results for both organizations and employees. One of these results refers to the people who are promoted to managerial positions. After the promotion process, negative changes such as being selfish, manipulative, rude, behaving unfairly, underestimating others, putting exaggerated distance to his/her relations with others, are observed in their positive behaviors and attitudes that they displayed within the organization in the past. Many reasons can be cited for this situation. The degree and scope of the status may be one of the reasons for this change and this study named this phenomenon as "Chair Effect". The chair is one of the major symbols representing managerial positions, and for this reason, the term chair is used in naming this effect. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine the "Chair Effect" phenomenon and define the possible factors which cause this phenomenon. METHOD: An inductive and qualitative research method is used in this study. Data were collected through a semi-structured interview technique with 12 participants who are middle- level and upper-level managers and have experience or observation about any manager who got caught in the chair effect. The Gioia method was used in the data analysis process. RESULTS: According to the results of the study, the factors that cause the chair effect are classified into three categories such as individual factors, organizational factors, and contextual factors. CONCLUSION: In the promotion processes of the organizations, evaluating the manager candidates' personality traits and their success in relationship management besides their other qualifications (such as experience, performance degree, seniority time) objectively will be effective to cope with "the chair effect" issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With nucleons occupying several shell model j orbits, the isovector pair creation operator A¹ μ (creates a two particle state with angular momentum J = 0 and isospin T = 1) is no longer unique. Choosing it to be a sum of single-j isovector pair creation operators each with a phase, there will be multiple pair SO(5) algebras with isospin; with r number of j orbits, there will be 2r-1 SO(5) algebras each with a corresponding complementary Sp(2Ω) algebra [2Ω = Pj(2j+1)] that gives seniority and reduced isospin quantum numbers. Three applications of multiple SO(5) algebras are presented demonstrating the usefulness of considering SO(5) pairing algebras with general sign factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, it was aimed to examine the work burnout of music teachers during the Covid 19 process in terms of some variables. Based on the causal comparison method in the research; In the Covid 19 process, the burnout levels of music teachers were compared according to the variables of gender, professional seniority, marital status and the type of school studied. The sample of the study consists of 243 music teachers working in private and state schools affiliated to Konya, Mersin, Ankara, Erzurum, Trabzon and Istanbul Provincial Directorate of National Education. Maslach Burnout Inventory was used to collect research data. According to the research findings, it was observed that burnout of music teachers during the Covid 19 process was moderate. In addition, it was observed that the burnout of music teachers during the Covid 19 process showed a significant difference according to gender, marital status, professional seniority and school type. Based on the research results, suggestions were made to reduce the burnout of music teachers during the Covid 19 process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Simulation is an effective adjunct to surgical training. There is increasing interest in the use of mental rehearsal as a form of cognitive simulation. The mental visualisation of a motor skill is recognised to enhance performance; a concept not novel to surgeons. Despite this, mental rehearsal has yet to be formally incorporated into surgical training. This study aims to assess the use of mental rehearsal amongst general surgical trainees and consultants.Method: A six-item questionnaire was designed and electronically circulated to general surgical core trainees, registrars, fellows and consultants. Qualitative and quantitative analysis was independently performed.Results: 153 responses (consultants = 51.6%, trainees = 48.4%) were received over 3 weeks. 91.5% of surgeons mentally rehearse prior to operating. Its use predominates for complex cases only. There is no difference in case complexity and the surgeon's grade in regard to when mental rehearsal is performed (χ2 = 1.027, p = 0.31). Individual mental rehearsal is preferred. Consultants are more likely to mentally rehearse with others, although there was no statistical difference compared to trainees (χ2 = 0.239, p = 0.63). Clarification, confidence and anticipation of potential difficulties were the perceived benefits of mental rehearsal reported in 58.6% of responses.Conclusions: Mental rehearsal prior to operating appears instinctive for general surgeons irrespective of seniority and case complexity. Whether the efficacy of mental rehearsal on training is sustained and continues as surgeons progress along the training curve are unknown. Alternative methods of surgical training are very much needed. We propose mental rehearsal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dicle University Journal of Ziya Gokalp Education Faculty / Dicle Üniversitesi Ziya Gökalp Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Dicle University Journal of Ziya Gokalp Education Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)