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El interés por el cultivo de camelina [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz] para alimentación animal y biocombustible se está incrementando. Se condujo un ensayo en invernadero y tiestos con camelina cv. Calena después de un primer cultivo de cebada (Hordeum vulgare L.), con el fin de estudiar el efecto de la fertilización residual de gallinazas y mineral en el rendimiento y la calidad del grano. Los tratamientos aplicados en el cultivo anterior de cebada fueron: gallinaza o fertilizante mineral, N-P-K en dosis 0, 1, 1.5 y 2 (0, 60, 90,120 unidades fertilizantes de nitrógeno). Las variables estudiadas fueron: peso seco de biomasa aérea, peso seco de grano, peso de 1,000 granos, porcentaje de nitrógeno en biomasa aérea, porcentaje de nitrógeno en grano, porcentaje de proteína bruta en grano y porcentaje de grasa bruta en grano. Los tratamientos y dosis fueron significativamente diferentes. La interacción tratamiento*dosis fue significativa (P

Este artículo tiene como objetivo develar los sucesos que hicieron posible la formación de un mercado regional en el noreste del valle central de México, mediante un estudio interpretativo de fuentes primarias y bibliografía especializada sobre los procesos que permitieron consolidar dicho mercado. Se analiza la inyección de capital de la Compañía de Minas de Real del Monte, la construcción del Ferrocarril Mexicano y el proceso de concentración de tierras y capital en las haciendas pulqueras, en el periodo de 1850 a 1870, cuando se sentaron las bases para un primer circuito agroindustrial y comercial que luego se convertiría en entidad federativa.

Introducción: Helicobacter pylori ha sido designado como responsable de múltiples trastornos del tracto gastroin-testinal, por lo que el diagnóstico y erradicación de la mucosa gástrica constituye una prioridad en el cuidado del paciente ulceroso. La presencia de resistencia a los antibióticos utilizados en su erradicación representa un problema importante. Método: propusimos hacer una investigación, de carácter prospectivo y experimental, para determinar la sensibilidad in vitro de la Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) a una selección de antibióticos utilizados en los esquemas de erradicación de bacterias. Resultados: ciprofloxacino, levofloxacino, fosfomicina, fueron los antibióticos más altamente sensibles in vitro, estadísticamente significativos para el H pylori. La amoxi-cilina y la claritromicina fueron los menos sensibles. Conclusión: estos resultados muestran cambios significa-tivos en el espectro de sensibilidad in vitro en relación con publicaciones anteriores en nuestro país. Los cambios en la sensibilidad a los antibióticos deben guiar el diseño de nuevas estrategias terapéuticas más eficaces y rentables.

La presente investigación, establece como objetivo general proponer el Cultivo de cacao (Theobroma cacao linnaeus) como rubro para la sustentabilidad de los suelos a los Agricultores del Caserío El Tesoro, parroquia Ciudad Bolivia, municipio Pedraza, estado Barinas, fija su enfoque investigativo en el paradigma cuantitativo, como un proyecto especial, basado en el diseño de Campo de carácter exploratorio a ser ejecutado en cuatro etapas: 1. Diagnóstico, 2. Diseño, 3. Aplicación, y 4. Sistematización. Se aplicará la observación directa en prácticas de campo, además de encuestas de tipo cuestionario con una escala de frecuencia tipo Likert de cinco (5) alternativas de respuestas a los productores del caserío antes señalado; la validez se estará ejecutando con el juicio de expertos, la confiabilidad se medirá por el Alpha de Cronbach para determinar el grado de legitimidad y efectividad de los instrumentos. El análisis de los datos recolectados se hará por medio de tablas y gráficos con su respectiva descripción para su mejor interpretación. Al ser un estudio en proceso, se espera que los resultados a obtener transformen positivamente la realidad de la comunidad ya que los productores deterioran el suelo con sus prácticas agrícolas y es necesario realizar cambios que permitan tener una cultura ambientalista que genere beneficios tanto económicos como ecológicos en pro de la sustentabilidad.

Se realizó un diagnóstico a la cadena productiva de la mora (Rubus glaucus Benth), en el municipio de Pamplona, Colombia, mediante un enfoque mixto. En lo cuantitativo, se estudiaron las variables: investigación, buenas prácticas agrícolas y manejo de pos cosecha. En lo cualitativo, se estudiaron las debilidades de la cadena productiva y mejoras que se requieren, a partir de entrevistas a expertos. Como resultado se obtuvo que la cadena productiva de la mora presenta fortalezas, como: suficiencia de espacios para la siembra, adaptación y rendimiento del fruto a los suelos, consideraciones del valor medicinal y nutricional del producto, entre otras. Sin embargo, se encuentran puntos críticos en cuanto a: la mejora genética de los cultivos, faltan rutinas para el análisis de agua y desinfección adecuada, junto con malas prácticas en el manejo técnico del cultivo. Igualmente, se evidencia que los productores no utilizan herramientas administrativas ni llevan registros contables que orienten la toma de decisiones.

Introducción: La provincia de Mendoza se caracteriza por un creciente desarrollo del cultivo de vid. Su expansión, ha llevado a la ocupación de áreas con presencia de una capa de carbonato de calcio, el “caliche”, planteando problemas agrícolas. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar la profundidad a la que se encuentra el “caliche” a través de la identificación de comunidades vegetales y zonificarlas para su uso con destino al cultivo de vid. M&M: Se trabajó en un terreno de 60 ha, Dpto. Tupungato. Se realizaron 27 censos fitosociológicos y 27 transectas de Point-quadrat para determinar cobertura vegetal. En cada punto de muestreo se midió la profundidad del caliche mediante la técnica de barrenado y se evaluó la altura de la vegetación dominante. Resultados: Se registraron 68 especies vegetales. La matriz dominante estuvo representada por Larrea divaricata. Se identificaron 5 UV florísticas y 5 UV fisonómicas, encontrándose una relación positiva entre ambas. La profundidad de caliche osciló entre 0-150 cm. Las UV florísticas mostraron un solapamiento en la profundidad del caliche, no así las fisonómicas. Geoffroea decorticans y Senna aphylla fueron indicadoras de la presencia de caliche. Conclusiones: El presente trabajo ofrece una alternativa de bajo costo, alto potencial y efectividad de uso, para el muestreo de profundidad de caliche.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue construir y operar una cámara anaeróbica no costosa para el cultivo de bacterias sulfato reductoras (BSRs) en muestras ambientales de lodos. Una vez construida la cámara, las condiciones anaeróbicas al interior de la cámara fueron evaluadas a través del monitoreo de la concentración de oxígeno y la temperatura. En la cámara anaeróbica se alcanzaron las condiciones de anaerobiosis (< 0,1% O2) y la temperatura requerida (30ºC) para el cultivo de las BSRs. A continuación, se cultivó en placa (en un medio selectivo) cuatro muestras diferentes de lodo que fueron incubadas, contadas y microscópicamente observadas. Los resultados por cultivo en placa fueron comparados con los de contaje directo en cámara de Neubauer. Habiéndose demostrado que las condiciones ambientales en la cámara son las adecuadas para el cultivo de microorganismos anaeróbicos estrictos, las BSRs también fueron observadas mediante microscopía. En base a los resultados obtenidos por cultivo en placa y por recuento en cámara de Neubauer se determinó que no hubo diferencias significativas en la muestra de suspensión bacteriana, a diferencia de las muestras de lodos. Si bien es cierto que el cultivo de microorganismos demanda tiempo, esta técnica sigue siendo útil y confiable para el conteo microbiano. Finalmente, la cámara anaeróbica construida permite el cultivo de microorganismos anaeróbicos estrictos como las BSRs, responsables de la bioprecipitación de metales.

Despite decades of challenge to the Enlightenment dualisms of Western environmental thought, they remain deeply embedded with respect to agriculture because of the ways in which cultivation is implicated in humanity's move out of nature and into culture. In contrast, in non-Western contexts, scholars have more commonly discussed cultivation as a close engagement between humans and the more-than-human world. Emergent research examines how environmental engagements change in the encounters of migration from Majority to Minority Worlds, providing new ideas and practices for sustainable futures. We contribute to these debates with a study in the Sunraysia region of Australia's Murray-Darling Basin, an area facing significant climate change impacts. We examine environmental engagements of ethnic minority migrants (Burundian, Hazara, Tongan, Vietnamese, and Italian) alongside Anglo-Australian residents. Findings identify both differences and connections between these groups and show complex interweavings of environmental engagement, ethnic background, migration history, and generational change. Groups perceive and respond to the local environment differently and in the context of their premigration experience, challenging dominant (Minority World) perceptions of environment as a freestanding and separate entity. The strongest cross-cutting theme is valuing environment for its food provision, associated with positive emotions and an ethic of care. Participants relate to food gardens rather than farms as places of pleasure and close engagement. Australian farms are understood as places where different rules apply and harmful chemicals must be used. Food gardens are an important site of cross-cultural encounter and experiment that can move environmental scholarship forward in the search for alternative futures. Key Words: agriculture, cultivation, migration, settler colonialism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The research was carried out with the purpose of evaluating the production and protein value of edible fungi using agricultural and forest residues (cornhusk, wheat stubble, barley, eucalyptus sawdust among others) generated in rural communities of the Cusco region. The crop cycle (CC), Biological Efficiency (EB) and Production Rate (TP) were determined. Pleurotus ostreatus showed greater adaptability to the different environmental parameters in the three communities with EB that ranged between 43.8-58.2%, CC between 42 - 91 days and TP between 0.6 and 1.4%, while P. djamor and Lentinula edodes only presented fruiting bodies in the communities of Harin and San Nicolás de Bari with EB: 27.3-34.8%, CC: 42-90 days and TP: 0.4-0.7% for P. djamor, and EB: 40.6-51.3%, CC: 135-155 days and TP: 0.3-0.4% for L. edodes. The dry weight protein analysis yielded considerable results for P. ostreatus (35.45%) and L. edodes (34.54%) while P. djamor presented 19.68%. According to the Pico Tag Water system, P. ostreatus has eight of the ten essential amino acids required for healthy eating (His, Thr, Val, Met, Ile, Leu, Phe and Lys). The three species are an important source of phosphorus (366.6 mg/100 g), magnesium (54 mg/100 g), calcium (16.7 mg/100 g) and iron (3.6 mg/100 g), average values that exceed reported in cow's milk, chicken liver, and white corn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A diagnosis of the blackberry (Rubusglaucus Benth) production chain was made in the municipality of Pamplona, Colombia, using a mixed approach. In quantitative terms, the following variables were studied: research, good agricultural practices and post-harvest management. Qualitatively, the weaknesses of the production chain and the improvements required were studied, based on interviews with experts. As a result, it was obtained that the blackberry productive chain presents strengths, such as: sufficiency of spaces for sowing, adaptation and yield of the fruit to the soils, considerations of the medicinal and nutritional value of the product, among others. However, there are critical points regarding to the genetic improvement of crops, lack of routines for water analysis and adequate disinfection, along with bad practices in the technical management of the crop. It is also evident that producers do not use administrative tools or keep accounting records to guide decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The diversification of Colombian fish farming is restricted to those species that are described as promising. The group of the silurids includes species on whom it has been possible to stabilize some level of constant experimental effort in the country. In particular, some developments regarding the standardization of the reproductive management of able (Pimelodus grosskopfii) have been achieved; however, information on their behavior under cultivation conditions is only marginal. In a pond on the ground, fry of fodder obtained by artificial reproduction were managed at three planting densities (2, 3 and 4 fish m-2) with commercial concentrate of 25 and 32% crude protein (cp); a design was configured with a total of 6 treatments, each with three replicates. Follow-up was carried out for 6 months, with biweekly sampling in which their performance was evaluated. Water quality monitoring was constant during the period, and in the growth a significant interaction (a=0,05) between the seed density and the percentage of protein in the diet was demonstrated. A higher performance was recorded with 25% cp and at planting densities of 2 and 4 fish m-2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bistua: Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Básicas is the property of Facultad de Ciencias Basicas de la Universidad de Pamplona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Biológico Agropecuaria Tuxpan is the property of Revista Biologico Agropecuaria Tuxpan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background and aims: The province of Mendoza is characterized by a growing development of the cultivation of the vine. Its expansion has led to the occupation of areas with the presence of a layer of calcium carbonate. our objective was to determine the depth of the "caliche" through the identiication of plant communities and their zoning for use in the cultivation of the vine. M&M: The work was carried out in an area of 60 hectares. Twenty seven phytosociological surveys and 27 Point-quadrat transects were carried out in the ield to determine the vegetation cover. In each the depth of the caliche was measured through the perforation technique and the hight of the dominant plant species were evaluated. Results: There were 68 plant species recorded. The dominant matrix was represented by Larrea divaricata. Five loristic UV and physiognomic 5 UV were identiied, inding a positive relationship between them. Caliche depth varied between 0-150 cm. The loristic UV showed an overlap in the depth of the caliche, but not the physiognomic UV. Geoffroea decorticans and Senna aphylla were indicators of the presence of caliche. Conclusions: The present work offers an alternative tool for the sampling of caliche depth, of low cost, high potential and effectiveness of use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agronomía Colombiana is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Corn crop is the basis of the diet for Mexico; the objective of this work was to identify the mycobiota in four corn genotypes from Saltillo, Coahuila and four from Tepalcingo, Morelos. It was carried out according to the secant and freezing test, 1000 corn seeds were taken of each genotype, which were disinfected with 3% sodium hypochlorite (2 times) and then rinsed with distilled water for 1 min. (2 times). Sowing was carried out in 18.5 x 25 cm plastic trays, on sterile blotting paper previously moistened, the trays were kept at room temperature 26 ° C ± 2 ° C during 11 days in the bioclimatic chamber of the Phytopathology Laboratory of the Autonomous University Agraria Antonio Narro, after the incubation period, we proceeded to count and isolate the number of fungal colonies by their color by repetition, for further purification and identification, as well as healthy seeds, that is, those that did not present mycelial growth and incidence was reported as percent of colonized seed, data were analyzed in the program of the University of Nuevo Leon version 2.5. Statistical difference was observed between the incidence of fungi in corn genotypes P> F 0.00, with a coefficient of variation of 22.77%. Tepalcingo genotypes with an average of 77.925% and Saltillo 87.725%. It is reported for the first time Acremonium sp. in Saltillo, Coahuila and Tepalcingo, Morelos, Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La onicomicosis afecta a entre el 2 y el 30% de la población mundial; la biopsia ungueal facilita el diagnóstico y diferencia invasión de colonización. Evaluar la utilidad diagnóstica de la biopsia ungueal con coloración de PAS en las onicomicosis frente al examen directo con KOH, el cultivo y su combinación en un laboratorio de referencia de Colombia. Se incluyó a 66 pacientes, a quienes se les realizó lectura ciega e independiente de las tres pruebas; la utilidad se definió a partir de los resultados de validez (sensibilidad, especificidad, índice de Youden, cocientes de probabilidad), desempeño (valores predictores), eficiencia (proporción de pacientes correctamente diagnosticados) y reproducibilidad (índice kappa). La edad media de los pacientes fue 55 ± 16 años, el 76% fueron mujeres y el 66,7% (n = 44) de los exámenes directos con KOH resultaron positivos; para el cultivo, el 62,1% (n = 41) de las muestras fueron positivas y con la biopsia lo fueron el 56,1% (n = 37). Los principales agentes causales fueron mohos no dermatofitos en un 36,4% (n = 24) y las especies con la mayor frecuencia fueron Neoscytalidium dimidiatum (n = 11), Trichophyton rubrum (n = 11) y Candida parapsilosis (n = 13). La sensibilidad de la biopsia ungueal frente al KOH o el cultivo fue del 71%, la especificidad del 83%, el índice de Youden 0,54, el cociente de probabilidad positivo de 4,25, el cociente de probabilidad negativo de 0,35, el valor predictivo positivo el 92%, el valor predictivo negativo el 52%, la eficiencia el 74% y el coeficiente kappa 0,45. Al evaluar la biopsia solo en pacientes con onicólisis de la lámina ungueal superior al 50%, aumentaron todos los parámetros de utilidad diagnóstica. La utilidad global de la biopsia fue moderada para pacientes con mayor sintomatología, por lo que se recomienda su uso en presencia de onicólisis extensa y en los casos en los que se requiera discriminar colonización de invasión. Onychomycosis affects between 2% to 30% of the world population. Nail biopsy may help in making a diagnosis and can distinguish between invasion and colonisation. To evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of nail biopsy with Periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) staining for onychomycosis, compared to direct KOH examination, culture and its combination in a reference laboratory in Colombia. The study included 66 patients in whom a blind and independent reading of the three tests was performed. The usefulness was defined based on the validity (sensitivity, specificity, Youden's index, likelihood ratios), performance (predictive values) efficiency (proportion of correctly diagnosed patients), and reproducibility (kappa coefficient). The mean age of the patients was 55 ± 16 years, and included 76% women. The direct tests with KOH were positive in 66.7% (n = 44), 62.1% (n = 41) were positive with culture, and 56.1% (n = 37) with the biopsy. The main causal agents were non-dermatophytes moulds in 36.4% (n = 24). The most frequent species were Neoscytalidium dimidiatum (n = 11), Trichophyton rubrum (n = 11), and Candida parapsilosis (n = 13). The sensitivity of nail biopsy, when compared to the standard (KOH and/or culture), was 71%, specificity 83%, Youden's index 0.54, positive likelihood ratio 4.25, negative likelihood ratio 0.35, positive predictive value 92%, negative predictive value 52%, efficiency 74% and kappa coefficient 0.45. When biopsy was evaluated only in patients with onycholysis of the nail plate greater than 50%, all the parameters of diagnostic usefulness increased. The overall usefulness of the biopsy was moderate for patients with more severe symptomatology, which makes its use advisable in cases of extensive onycholysis, and when discriminating colonisation from invasion is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Iberoamericana de Micologia is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cadernos de Arte e Antropologia is the property of Cadernos de Arte e Antropologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In Colombia, the diversity of agroecosystems gives the coffee characteristic flavors and aromas. A first step to know the particular aspects of each coffee region is the description of the productive systems. In the coffee crops of the Union Nariño municipality, located at 1º 36' 06" 'North latitude and 77º 00' 15'' West longitude, the coffee activity takes place in heterogeneous farms in terms of extension, distances of sowing, applied technology, organization, family structure and fundamentally in the use and management of shade; which is why it is important to typify them by integrating the social, economic and environmental dimension and establish the differences between them, know their dynamics and determine the potential and limitations to contribute to the planning, research and organization of the coffee sector. A semi-structured survey was applied to 104 coffee producers located between 1400 and 1800 meters above sea level. This information was complemented with information from institutions linked to the coffee sector. A multivariate analysis from a cluster analysis (Ward method and principal components) was applied to the variables with high correlation. Four typologies of production systems were established: coffee with shade of woody (S1), coffee semi-shade (S2), coffee-banana (S3) and the coffee cultivation system without shade (S4). Within each typology, different dynamics were found in crop management practices, leading to differences in production, quality and economic yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, microalgae cultivation for different applications, including the production of nutritional and pharmaceutical active compounds has received increasing attention. Among the different genera, Spirulina (Arthrospira sp.) is one of the most promising blue-green microalgae (Cyanophyta) because it is rich in antioxidants, essential amino acids (EAAs), minerals, proteins, polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamins. It has a high protein content (60-70% of the dry weight), which is a complete protein, i.e. containing all EAAs. Therefore, Spirulina is currently a commercial product with high nutritional value and also a significant source of complementary and alternative medicine. The objective of the present work was to review the pharmaceutical and therapeutic applications of Spirulina, especially its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity and anti-toxicity properties. The results were obtained from experiments in the literature performed in vitro and in vivo using experimental animals. The main reported active ingredients in Spirulina include phycocyanin, tocopherol, β-carotene, caffeic acids and chlorogenic acid, which showed individual or synergetic effects. In addition, the present review discusses the future perspectives of genetically modified Spirulina as a source for industrial products while producing valuable biomass photoautotrophically. Furthermore, the consequent environmental impacts of large-scale cultivation of Spirulina are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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