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Trichinellosis is one of the most dangerous helminthic diseases common to humans and animals. It is caused by the nematodes from the Trichinella complex. Trichinella infections found in almost all mammal species, as well as reptiles and birds. In Ukraine Trichinella infection was detected in humans, domestic pigs and games. More than 1500 cases of human trichinellosis were found in Ukraine over the past 30 years. Infected game is the main source of human Trichinella infection in recent time. Trichinella infection detected in all regions of Ukraine. Larvae were found in 3% of investigated wild boars, 15.5% wolves, 16% red foxes, 12% martens, 10% badgers and 20% raccoon dogs. Wolves and foxes were found to be the main reservoir of Trichinella in a sylvatic cycle. Our studies demonstrate the presence of tree species of Trichinella in Ukraine: T. britovi (ITRC codes: ISS1590, 1591, 1592, 1593) was found in wild boars, wolves, foxes and martens in all Ukraine; T. spiralis (ISS1594) was found in wild boars from Zhytomir and Mykolaiv Regions; T. nativa (ISS1595) was found in wolves and foxes from Chernihiv, Sumy, Poltava and Kherson Regions. Mixed infections (T. britovi-T. spiralis) were found in southern regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fleas are one of those major belligerent insect pests, which transmit various bacterial, viral and rickettsial diseases not only to humans but to animals also. Fleas are liable for causing dermatitis in domestic as well as companion animals. The biting caused by any flea results in Flea Allergy Dermatitis, which develops due to the release of a specific substance in flea saliva after the piercing of the host skin with their specialized mouthparts. In the present study, a family from staff quarters of Division of Veterinary Parasitology, Bareilly reported severe itching in the different body parts along with the several multiple tiny bite marks and excoriated papules or vesicles. After collecting the fleas in 70% alcohol, samples were processed for the detailed morphological examination. The Fleas were diagnosed as Ctenocephalides. felis orientis and Ctenocephalides felis felis. Topical corticosteroids are frequently used as treatment; however, intralesional or systemic administration is mandatory in cases of extreme reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Camel trypanosomosis (surra), caused by Trypanosoma evansi , is a life-threatening disease with negative impacts on health, production, and working efficiency of camels in different camel-rearing areas of the world, including Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was carried out from November 2016 to May 2017 to determine the prevalence of camel trypanosomosis (surra) and assess the associated potential risk factors in Dubti and Asayita districts of Afar region, Ethiopia. Blood samples were collected from 200 camels. Wet film and Giemsa-stained blood smears were used for the detection of trypanosomes. Out of 200 examined, 9(4.5%) were positive for Trypanosoma evansi. The higher prevalence of the disease was observed in Dubti (6.97%) than in Asayita (2.63%) districts. Highest infection was observed in the age group >4 years old camels (7.47%), followed by <4 years old camels (1.07%). Previously aborted camels were found at higher risk (P = 0.03 ; OR = 5.11, 95% CI = 1.174–22.317) than camels without an abortion history. There was no statistically significant difference in between body condition categories and herd size of camels with the occurrence of the disease (X2 = 3.839; P = 0.147 and X2 = 0.718; P = 0.698), respectively. The result of the current study revealed that camel trypanosomosis is substantially prevalent in the study area, indicating the need for designing control and prevention strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Toxoplasmosis is one of the neglected parasitic disease in humans and animals that produced via toxoplasma gondii. This study we implemented an umbrella review of all existing systematic reviews, meta-analyzing studies to apprise, and summarize seroprevalence of human toxoplasmosis in worldwide. Methods: The search was carried out in databases including: Pub Med, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, and global health from their start dates until December 2018 in Persian and English language. A total of 21 systematics review and meta-analysis met the inclusion criteria of umbrella review. The Q test and the I2 statistic were used to evaluate heterogeneities. Quality assessment were performed and made use of the AMSTAR tool. Results: The estimated pooled seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in blood donors, Immunocompromised patients, childbearing age women, general population, newborns and children, pregnant women and overall was 33% (95% CI, 29.0–38.0%), 42.0% (95 CI, 34.0–49.0%), 32.0% (CI, 26.0–38.0%), 42.0% (CI, 38.0–45.0%), 4.0% (CI, 2.0–5.0%), 40.0% (CI,37.0–44.0%), and 36% (CI, 24.0–48.0%), respectively. Conclusion: The results of our umbrella review show a higher seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in immunocompromised patients, general population, pregnant women, blood donors, childbearing age women, and newborn groups, respectively. Routine serologic screening test and health education by primary care physicians for Toxoplasmosis is recommended to be conducted in high-risk groups in the endemic region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Veterinarski Glasnik is the property of Veterinarski Glasnik and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Application of chemotherapy to treatment of parasitic disease of man and animals can be problematic due to different adverse effects. As a result, there is an increasing interest in nanoparticles as new therapeutic tools against these diseases. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of selenium and copper oxide nanoparticles on Giardia deudenalis cysts in vitro, as well as comparing it to that of metronidazole. Methods: The cysts were taken from the stools of patients in Urmia, Iran, during 2017-2018. The cysts were taken from stool and were concentrated and isolated on 0.85 M-sucrose. Then, selenium and copper oxide nanoparticles were prepared at concentrations of 0.15, 0.3, and 0.6 mg/ml. The effect of nanoparticle’s various concentrations at 10, 15, 30, 60, and 180 min were evaluated and compared to control groups. Obtained data was recorded and statistically analyzed. Results: Copper oxide nanoparticles at a concentration of 0.6 mg/ml and selenium nanoparticles at a concentration of 0.3 mg/ml had the same effect as of metronidazole in killing of Giardia cysts. The cytotoxic effects of selenium and copper oxide nanoparticles, compared with metronidazole, on Giardia cysts, showed an increase of fatality rate due to extend exposure time and nanoparticle’s concentra-tion (P<0.05). Conclusion: Selenium and copper oxide nanoparticles are as efficient as metronidazole, for killing Giardia cysts in vitro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Parasite (1252607X) is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Fascioliasis is a parasitic disease of human and animal caused by Fasciola gigantica (F. gigantica) and Fasciola hepatica (F. hepatica). More than 700 million of grazing animals and over 180 million human population are at the risk of fascioliasis. This study was conducted in Banting, Ipoh, Shah Alam, and Taiping abattoirs within Peninsular Malaysia to determine the occurrence and identify the species of liver flukes, causing liver condemnation in cattle and buffaloes. Within a study period from January to December 2018, a total of 25 condemned bovine livers were collected from Banting, Ipoh, Shah Alam, and Taiping abattoirs and analyzed. Taiping abattoir had the highest occurrence of fascioliasis [14/1014 (1.38%)], and Shah Alam abattoir had the least occurrence [1/3377 (0.03%)]. From all the sampled livers, the average number of adult flukes recorded ranged from 1 to 83. A total of 440 adult flukes were studied morphometrically, using parameters such as body length (BL), body width (BW), cone length (CL), cone width (CL), body area (BA), body perimeter (BP), the distance between the ventral sucker and posterior end of body (VS-P), BL/BW ratio, BL/V-SP, and body roundness (BR). Furthermore, molecular analysis was conducted using PCR-RFLP methods to distinguish between F. gigantica and F. hepatica involving ITS1 primer and RsaI restriction enzyme. RFLP pattern with RsaI produced a consistent pattern of 360,100 and 60 bp fragments in F. hepatica, whereas F. gigantica worms had a profile of 360,170, and 60 bp in size. The morphometric and molecular analysis results indicated that cattle and buffaloes slaughtered at Banting, Shah Alam, Taiping, and Ipoh abattoirs were infected with F. gigantica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of the main enteric parasitic infections that affect children and dogs in the municipality of Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil; and to identify the geopolitical areas that should receive priority interventions to combat them. Between March and November 2016, fecal samples of 143 dogs and 193 children aged 1 month to 5 years were collected in 40 rural and semirural communities using a systematic sampling approach, stratified by district. Samples were collected by legal guardians of the children and / or dog owners. Eggs, larvae, cysts and oocysts of parasites were concentrated by centrifugal-flotation and centrifugal-sedimentation, and acid-resistant staining was used to visualize parasites. One hundred and thirty-two children (68.4%), 111 dogs (77.6%) and 199 (73.7%) dog fecal samples collected from streets were parasitized. Giardiasis, cryptosporidiosis, amoeba infections and hookworm were the most frequent infections in all studied populations, in addition to trichuriasis in dogs and ascaridiasis in children. A predominance of Giardia and hookworms was observed in children and dogs, respectively. The coastal districts of Aritaguá, Olivença and the main district had a higher parasitic diversity and overlapping of important potential zoonotic infections. Age over one year (p<0.001), adjusted OR = 3.65; 95% CI = 1.86–7.16) and income below the minimum monthly salary (p = 0.02, adjusted OR = 2.78, 95% CI = 1.17–6.59) were the main factors associated with intestinal parasitic infections in children and dogs, respectively. The coastal districts of Aritaguá and Olivença and the main district should be prioritized through enteric disease control programs, and the factors associated with infections must be considered in the design of health interventions in these districts. The integration between affirmative income actions and investments to improve the health infrastructure of these communities may work more effectively than current preventive measures to combat enteric parasites. Author summary: The maintenance of high prevalence of enteric parasitic diseases in human and animal populations is an indisputable fact in the current scientific context. Despite all the advances in ecology, pathology, epidemiology and treatment, the control of these diseases remains ineffective and is a major problem in public health management. New control strategies should be tested in order to optimize the actions of current preventive programs and thus reduce prevalence. These strategies should include identification and mapping of geopolitical areas experiencing a greater frequency and overlap of enteric parasitic infections, and they must include the prevalence in both canine and human populations. This study indicates that poverty is strongly associated with the parasite's frequency. In a One Health approach, it demonstrates that affirmative actions of citizenship and income can be preventive health measures, and it also demonstrates the areas in which deworming actions must be a priority through control actions based on risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parasites can compromise the health and fitness of individual fish, and it is important to generate baseline information that can then be used to document changes in the abundance and distribution of potentially pathogenic parasites. The ectoparasitic copepod Salmincola edwardsii was assessed with respect to prevalence (percentage of infected fish per site), infection intensity (number of parasites per infected fish), and attachment location on Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis in northwest New Brunswick, Canada. Ten sample sites were assessed, with six sites on two streams in the Quisibis River basin and four sites on three streams in the Restigouche River basin. Parasite species identity was supported by 100% sequence identity with S. edwardsii in a variable region within 28S rDNA. The prevalence of fish infected per site ranged from 19.0% to 79.6%, with an overall prevalence of 48.5 ± 19.1% (mean ± SD) per site. Mean infection intensity was 1.5 ± 0.9 copepods/fish (range = 1–7), with parasites almost exclusively surrounding the dorsal fin and/or adipose fin (97.6%). There was no influence of trout age‐class on parasite prevalence. Some fish presented with fin erosion at the site of parasite attachment (12.5%), and 6.2% also presented with hyperplastic skin lesions where no parasites were observed, that could be misinterpreted as secondary bacterial or fungal infections. Skin and fin damage were significantly more common when fish were infected with three or more individual parasites. The pathogenic potential of this parasite makes its presence noteworthy as a risk to salmonids that are both recreationally and ecologically important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Parasite (1252607X) is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Chronic cholangitis in cats can be induced by liver fluke infestation. It is a rare disease and can be fatal if it is left untreated due to a number of complications including liver cancer. A 2.5-year-old–spayed female domestic shorthair cat with history of jaundice, vomiting and self-inflicted alopecia was brought to the University Veterinary Hospital. Blood and urine samples were sent to the Veterinary Haematology and Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory. Complete blood count results showed values within normal. The cat rather had persistent increases in liver enzymes and bilirubin throughout 1 week of hospitalisation, although she was treated empirically. Bilirubinuria was expected, and adequately concentrated urine was noted. Faecal sample submitted to the Veterinary Parasitology Laboratory during hospitalisation revealed the presence of liver fluke ova. The cat was treated with fenbendazole and other medications upon discharged, and the owner was advised to bring the cat for a visit for re-evaluation of liver enzymes and liver fluke ova. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Infestation by Otodectes cynotis is one of the main causes of external otitis in small animals, causing great disconfort and predisposition to secondary bacterial or fungal infections, with relevant importance in the small animal medicine. In dogs, a small number of this parasite in the ears may cause inflammation, while in cats, otoacariasis accounts for half of the external otitis cases. Due to the insufficiency of data about the prevalence of this disease in the Northeast region of Brazil, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence and clinical aspects of O. cynotis in dogs and cats from the Semi-arid region of Paraíba, Brazil. Materials, Methods & Results: The research was conducted in the municipality of Sousa, Paraíba State, Brazil. A total of 102 dogs and 152 cats had their external ear canals examined by bilateral otoscopy, using an otoscope with a veterinary cone that allows inspection of the external ear canal. Parasitological swabs were also used to determine the prevalence of parasitism by Otodectes cynotis. Samples collected in swabs were stored in a 70% alcohol preservative solution and sent to the Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, in wich were examinated on direct research, using microscopes in the 10x objective (magnification of 100x). In all animals, clinical examinations were performed and their owners answered an epidemiological questionnaire to collect information about food and sanitary management. During the clinical examination, characteristics such as otopodal reflex, and the presence of pruritus and/or cerumen were also evaluated. The prevalence of dogs and cats positive for O. cynotis was 33.3% (34/102) and 52.6% (80/152), respectively. Bilateral infestations occurred in 52.9% (18/34) of the positive dogs. Most of the positive animals showed evidence of the mite in both tests, Otoscopy + Swab [dogs: 58.8% (20/34) and cats: 66.2% (53/80)]. Discussion: A high prevalence of Otodectes cynotis infestation was observed in dogs (33.3%) and even higher prevalence in cats (52.6%), both are higher than it was expected. The diagnosis methods were effective for detecting infestation by this parasite, and the parasitological swab resulted in higher diagnosis rate than the otoscopy. The use of two diagnosis methods resulted in a greater number of positive diagnoses, explaining the high prevalence found in the present study. A higher prevalence was observed for animals that had contact with other animals. The direct form is the most accepted mode of transmission of Otodectes sp. and close confinement of animals was considered the main associated factor for frequent reinfestation by the mite. For dogs, the presence of cerumen and pruritus were seen as O. cynotis infestation factors. Considering dogs, in the clinical examination, the presence of pruritus was significantly associated with the occurrence of parasitism. This association can be explained because O. cynotis is very active within the ear canals of parasitized animals, causing great annoyance and pruritus. No statistically significant risk factors were found for cats, but it was observed that adults had higher levels of infestation when compared to young cats, wich was not expected, as the literature commonly reports that young cats have higher levels of infestation. This can be explained by the confinement and the usual direct contact by different cats, increasing the occurrence of the parasite. In cats, the clinical examinations showed that the presence of otopodal reflex was significantly associated (P < 0.2) with the parasitism occurrence (55.4%; 66/119). The evaluation of this reflex has been considered as one of the symptoms of otocariosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Canine primary chronic enteropathy (CE) includes a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by chronic gastrointestinal signs. Aim: This study evaluated the occurrence of Giardia duodenalis infection in primary CE-affected dogs. Methods: Forty-seven CE-affected dogs of different age and sex were enrolled in the study. For each dog, frequency of defecation, fecal consistency, and eventual fecal abnormalities were evaluated. A clinical scoring index of CE severity (clinical chronic enteropathy activity index) was also assessed, and the type of enteropathy was retrospectively classified. For parasitological analysis, fresh fecal samples collected from each dog were examined by fresh and Lugol stained smears, flotation test, and a rapid immunoassay. Giardia duodenalis genotypes were identified by molecular analysis. Differences of clinical parameters between G. duodenalis positive and G. duodenalis negative dogs were statistically evaluated. Results: Among the CE canine patients, 16 out of 47 (34%) dogs were found positive for G. duodenalis and assemblages C and D were identified. No statistical differences emerged according to the types of CE between G. duodenalispositive and G. duodenalis-negative dog groups. The clinical index of CE severity was indicative of significant less severe clinical forms in G. duodenalis-positive dogs (p = 0.037). Conclusion: Results here obtained shows how G. duodenalis may be present in primary CE-affected dogs and further investigations are needed to clarify the real significance of mild clinical presentation in G. duodenalis-positive dogs affected by CE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parasitism of diferent strongylid nematodes belonging to the families Trichostrongylidae, Strongylidae and Ancylostomidae on sheep, are widespread in all regions of animal breeding, but especially in areas with a humid climate. As they result in drastic decreases in production of adult animals and growing delays in young animals, imposing costly prophylaxis measures, these parasitic diseases have a significant economic impact. While studies in helminthology are directed towards more in-depth perspectives, such as DNA modifications of parasites, the continuous monitoring of occurrence and prevalence of these parasitic species remains important. In addition, because there are few reports on gastrointestinal parasites of ruminants and especially of sheep in our country, the present study aims at investigating the occurrence of strongyle infections in sheep, in Southern Romania. For this, a coproparasitological study was carried out on a total number of 424 sheep, out of a population of 3256 animals, originating from six farms from this region. A flotation technique was used to detect helminth eggs; however, protozoa oocysts, when detected, were also registered; additionally a Baermann method, for detection of lungworm larvae was performed. The findings indicate the following infections, as follows: strongyles 65.1%; Moniezia spp. 18.9%; Eimeria spp. 14.4%; Protostrongylidae 7.1%, Dictyocaulus filaria 2.1%. The findings highlight the high occurrence of strongyle infections, but also of other parasitic species with significant impact on the both animal health and their productivity and highlight the importance of a proper parasitological control to be applied in sheep farms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1988, Johannes Eckert was elected member of the Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina (German Academy of Natural Scientists; today German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina). 5 Johannes Eckert (middle), Bruno Gottstein (left), and Horst Aspöck at the 7th "Human Rights and Science" Symposium of the Human Rights Committee (HRC) of the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina. Leopoldina-Jahrbuch 207-209 Ter Meulen V, Hiepe T (2008) Laudatio für Herrn Professor Dr. Johannes Eckert ML anlässlich der Verleihung der Leopoldina-Verdienstmedaille. [Extracted from the article]

Neospora caninum is a protozoan coccidian parasite that can act as a cause of abortion in sheep. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of this parasitic agent and its role in causing abortion in sheep of Iran. Between June 2019 and February 2022, 100 samples [brain (n = 39), placenta (n = 8), embryonic membrane (n = 7), cotyledon (n = 7), umbilical cord (n = 2), homogenate mixture of tissues (heart, liver, spleen and digestive track) (n = 37)] that were collected following the necropsies of 39 aborted ovine fetuses from different parts of the Alborz and Qazvin provinces, the north of the central region of Iran were employed for DNA extraction. Nc-5 was selected as the target gene sequence for amplification of DNA by using four pairs of primers in two semi-nested PCR. Samples considered positive for the presence of the NC-5 gene were examined to further confirm the presence of the ITS1 gene. Sequence of NC-5 gene was detected from the 27 tissue samples of 23 aborted ovine fetuses. The ITS1 gene sequence was detected in all of the 27 tissue samples that were positive for the NC-5 gene analysis. Brain tissue was the most studied tissue, and the highest number of positive cases was observed in this tissue. The present study updated the situation of ovine neosporosis in the central region of Iran and confirmed the presence of the N. caninum among sheep flocks' abortion., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Toxoplasma gondii is a remarkably successful protozoan parasite that infects a third of the human population, along with most mammals and birds. However, the sexual portion of the parasite’s life cycle is narrowly limited to cats. How parasites distinguish between hosts has long been a mystery. A new study reveals that Toxoplasma identifies cats based on a single fatty acid, linoleic acid. Experimental manipulation of fatty acid metabolism by drug treatment turns a mouse into a cat in the “eye” of the parasite. This new model enables genetic crosses of an important human pathogen without the use of companion animals and opens the door to future discovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From 1 January 2018 came into force Regulation (EU) 2015/2238 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 November 2015, introducing the concept of “novel foods”, including insects and their parts. One of the most commonly used species of insects are: mealworms (Tenebrio molitor), house crickets (Acheta domesticus), cockroaches (Blattodea) and migratory locusts (Locusta migrans). In this context, the unfathomable issue is the role of edible insects in transmitting parasitic diseases that can cause significant losses in their breeding and may pose a threat to humans and animals. The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate the developmental forms of parasites colonizing edible insects in household farms and pet stores in Central Europe and to determine the potential risk of parasitic infections for humans and animals. The experimental material comprised samples of live insects (imagines) from 300 household farms and pet stores, including 75 mealworm farms, 75 house cricket farms, 75 Madagascar hissing cockroach farms and 75 migrating locust farms. Parasites were detected in 244 (81.33%) out of 300 (100%) examined insect farms. In 206 (68.67%) of the cases, the identified parasites were pathogenic for insects only; in 106 (35.33%) cases, parasites were potentially parasitic for animals; and in 91 (30.33%) cases, parasites were potentially pathogenic for humans. Edible insects are an underestimated reservoir of human and animal parasites. Our research indicates the important role of these insects in the epidemiology of parasites pathogenic to vertebrates. Conducted parasitological examination suggests that edible insects may be the most important parasite vector for domestic insectivorous animals. According to our studies the future research should focus on the need for constant monitoring of studied insect farms for pathogens, thus increasing food and feed safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: African trypanosomosis, primarily transmitted by tsetse flies, remains a serious public health and economic challenge in sub-Saharan Africa. Interventions employing natural repellents from non-preferred hosts of tsetse flies represent a promising management approach. Although zebras have been identified as non-preferred hosts of tsetse flies, the basis for this repellency is poorly understood. We hypothesized that zebra skin odors contribute to their avoidance by tsetse flies. Methodology/Principal findings: We evaluated the effect of crude zebra skin odors on catches of wild savannah tsetse flies (Glossina pallidipes Austen, 1903) using unbaited Ngu traps compared to the traps baited with two known tsetse fly management chemicals; a repellent blend derived from waterbuck odor, WRC (comprising geranylacetone, guaiacol, pentanoic acid and δ-octalactone), and an attractant comprising cow urine and acetone, in a series of Latin square-designed experiments. Coupled gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection (GC/EAD) and GC-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses of zebra skin odors identified seven electrophysiologically-active components; 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, acetophenone, geranylacetone, heptanal, octanal, nonanal and decanal, which were tested in blends and singly for repellency to tsetse flies when combined with Ngu traps baited with cow urine and acetone in field trials. The crude zebra skin odors and a seven-component blend of the EAD-active components, formulated in their natural ratio of occurrence in zebra skin odor, significantly reduced catches of G. pallidipesby 66.7% and 48.9% respectively, and compared favorably with the repellency of WRC (58.1%– 59.2%). Repellency of the seven-component blend was attributed to the presence of the three ketones 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, acetophenone and geranylacetone, which when in a blend caused a 62.7% reduction in trap catch of G. pallidipes. Conclusions/Significance: Our findings reveal fundamental insights into tsetse fly ecology and the allomonal effect of zebra skin odor, and potential integration of the three-component ketone blend into the management toolkit for tsetse and African trypanosomosis control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]