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Le 19 juin 2023, une séance de la Société Médico-Psychologique (SMP) a été consacrée au thème « criminologie et victimologie ». Des sujets habituellement peu abordés mais néanmoins très importants y étaient utilement programmés : les femmes présentant des troubles mentaux auteures d'homicides ou de tentatives d'homicides, les homicides transphobes, le filicide, les distorsions cognitives des victimes, la nécessité de réformer les expertises psychiatriques et psychologiques présentencielles en France. Des exposés, des échanges et une séance riche qui auront une suite dans la programmation des séances de la SMP. On June 19, 2023, a session of the Société Médico-Psychologique (SMP) was devoted to the theme "Criminology and Victimology". Subjects usually little discussed but nevertheless very important were usefully programmed there: women with mental disorders perpetrators of homicides or attempted homicides, transphobic homicides, filicide, cognitive distortions of victims, the need to reform pre-sentence psychiatric and psychological expertise in France. Presentations, discussions and a rich session which will continue in the programming of the SMP sessions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cet article vise à interroger la thématique des cyberviolences sexuelles sur mineurs. Sous cette appellation, se trouvent réunies de multiples infractions comprenant la pédopornographie, présentant elle-même de multiples facettes, ainsi que d'autres types de faits. Si les travaux de recherches anglophones sont plus anciens et quantitativement plus importants, les publications francophones sur le sujet s'avèrent relativement peu nombreuses, tendant parfois à le traiter de manière générale. Il en ressort aussi la mise en avant d'actes nouveaux, présentant une particularité. Il s'agit ici de revenir sur la littérature scientifique francophone et sur les textes de droit afin de relever les effets de ces infractions, tant sur le droit pénal et les jugements que sur les approches psychopathologiques. Autrement dit, il est question d'interroger la spécificité décrite par les auteurs et de voir ce qu'elle engage dans les prises en charge thérapeutiques. L'accent mis sur la pédopornographie et les téléchargeurs pourrait laisser penser une forme d'homogénéité des pratiques. De même, il pourrait être tentant de croire que l'intérêt sexuel pour les enfants, soit la pédophilie, constitue leur motivation première. L'article montre cependant la nécessité d'établir des programmes de recherches structurés permettant de définir plus clairement l'ensemble des pratiques sexuelles illégales permises par Internet et d'appréhender par des données objectives les profils des auteurs, en réunissant notamment des informations sociodémographiques, mais aussi psychopathologiques. L'absence de telles informations conduisant finalement à entretenir une certaine nébuleuse. This article aim to question the thematic of sexual cyberviolences perpetrated on minors. Under this designation, are reunited multiple infractions such as pedopornography, presenting with many facets, as well as other types of facts. Though the english-speaking researches are older and numerous, there are only few French publications on the subject, and tend to address the topic in a general way. It puts an emphasis on newer acts which present a specific feature. We must come back to French scientific literature and to the law in order to reveal these infractions' effects on criminal law and judgements as well as on psychopathologic approaches. In other words, we must interrogate the specific feature described by the perpetrators and the impact it has on therapeutic care and treatment. The emphasis put on pedopornography and downloaders may suggest a form of homogeneity of customs. At the same time, it might suggests that sexual interest for children, known as pedophilia, constitute their main motivation. However, the article demonstrates the necessity to establish structured research programs aiming to define in a more specific way the set of illegal sexual practices allowed by the Internet and comprehend with unbiased data perpetrators' profiles by reuniting sociodemographic and psychopathological informations. The lack of such information maintains a clouded perception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cette contribution théorique discute de l'intégration d'un « soi territorial » aux côtés des soi minimal et narratif classiquement décrits par la phénoménologie contemporaine et utilisés par la psychopathologie phénoménologique. Nous partons de l'expérience schizophrénique et des outils de compréhension de celle-ci pour mettre en évidence certaines limitations s'inscrivant autour du recours au discours dans le dispositif clinique pour évoquer des phénomènes a priori pré-langagiers. Ce cheminement théorique, qui a pour incidence de rendre nécessaire une ouverture à l'observation clinique et à l'intersubjectivité, conduit à des implications nosographiques et thérapeutiques qui nous semblent utiles à la perspective phénoménologique. D'un point de vue nosographique, nous discutons des recouvrements (non systématiques) entre expérience schizophrénique et expérience psychotique alors que, d'un point de vue thérapeutique, la proposition du soi territorial permet d'insister sur le fait que la relation clinique se caractérise, tant par une analyse de l'expérience et un discours à son propos, que par une pratique et un vécu expérientiel conjoints nécessitant le partage d'un espace commun. La proposition théorique du « soi territorial » se révèle féconde et heuristique pour approfondir les débats nosographiques dans le domaine de la psychose, et pour contribuer à une réflexion sur la pratique de la psychothérapie. This theoretical paper discusses the integration of a "territorial self" alongside the minimal and narrative selves most commonly described by contemporary phenomenology and used by phenomenological psychopathology. We start from the schizophrenic experience and the tools for understanding it, in order to highlight some limitations in the use of vocal communication within the clinical system to evoke phenomena that are a priori pre-linguistic. This theoretical path, which requires an openness to clinical observation and intersubjectivity, leads to nosographic and therapeutic implications that seem useful to us from a phenomenological perspective. From a nosographic standpoint, we discuss the (non-systematic) crossovers between the schizophrenic experience and the psychotic experience; whereas, from a therapeutic standpoint, the proposal of the territorial self allows us to insist on the fact that the clinical relationship is characterized as much by an analysis of experience and a discussion about it as it is by a joint practice and an experiential experience requiring a common ground. The "territorial self" proves to be a fruitful and heuristic theoretical proposal, enriching nosographic debates in the field of psychosis, and contributing to a reflection on the practice of psychotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digitalization and artificial intelligence hold the prospect of new procedures for psychiatry. Machine learning techniques combined with big data should enable algorithmized diagnostics, prediction and therapy that are superior to clinical observation and interaction in terms of accuracy and efficiency. This development converges with the search for new, statistically and biologically based disorder patterns to replace clinical psychopathological disease entities. This article examines the possibilities and the problems of a digitalized psychiatry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By way of an "argumentative" introduction to this dossier on "psychomotor practices in child and adolescent psychiatry", it seemed essential to us to present the psychomotor paradigm and its value in the field of child psychiatry as well as current psychopathology. The stakes of the psychomotor identity "corporatist" (historical and epistemological), of the psychomotor knotting (during life and between body and psyche), of the singularity of the psychomotor development and of the complex model which it proposes, of diversity finally and of the specificity of psychomotor therapies and number of bodily mediated praxis available to mental health teams and prescribing child psychiatrists. These few reminders demonstrating the value of this psychomotor issue in child psychiatry? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Les prescriptions de bilans et de soins en psychomotricité pour les adolescents et jeunes adultes en souffrance psychique restent très insuffisantes. Plusieurs facteurs pourraient l'expliquer : représentations sociétales de la personne et du soin ; méconnaissance de la profession et de ses champs d'intervention ; reconnaissance tardive des spécificités développementales de l'adolescent ; difficultés conceptuelles. L'adolescence correspond à un saut développemental et à « une période sensible », présentant de nombreux enjeux en termes de santé, en particulier de santé mentale. Les actions de prévention, d'évaluation et de soins en direction des adolescents sont donc fondamentaux, comme le préconise l'OMS. L'adolescence est un processus biopsychosocial, nécessitant une approche pluridisciplinaire. Une conceptualisation théorique centrée sur les enjeux de l'intégration psychocorporelle parait indispensable. La Modélisation Psychomotrice des REprésentations CORporelles, M-PRECOR est le résultat d'une recherche en psychomotricité, qualitative et inductive. Elle s'inscrit dans le paradigme de la complexité, et fait appel aux différents champs disciplinaires, pour définir le concept « d'identité psychomotrice » en tant que construction dynamique ancrée sur les représentations du corps. Cette conceptualisation psychomotrice, peut alors contribuer à l'évaluation des souffrances identitaires. Sa version révisée est présentée. Elle pourrait mener à l'établissement d'une sémiologie psychomotrice plus systématisée dans le champ de la psychopathologie de l'adolescent et du jeune adulte, par le biais de travaux de recherche comparative qui se poursuivent. Prescriptions of psychomotor assessments and care of adolescents and young adults suffering from psychological distress remain very insufficient. Several factors could explain this: societal representations of the person and care; lack of knowledge of the profession and its role; the late recognition of the adolescent's developmental specificities; conceptual difficulties. Adolescence corresponds to a developmental leap and a sensitive period presenting many health issues, particularly in mental health. Prevention, evaluation and care actions for adolescents are therefore fundamental, as recommended by the WHO. Adolescence is a biopsychosocial process, requiring a multidisciplinary approach. A theoretical conceptualization centered on concerns related to the psycho-corporal integration seems essential. The Psychomotor Modeling of Body Représentations - M-PRECOR - is the result of qualitative and inductive research in psychomotricity. It takes place within the complexity paradigm and calls upon different disciplinary fields to define the concept of psychomotor identity as a dynamic construction anchored in body representations. This psychomotor conceptualization can then contribute to the evaluation of the identity sufferings. Its revised version is presented here. This could lead to the creation of a more systematized psychomotor semiology in the field of adolescent and young adult psychopathology, by means of ongoing comparative research works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The French psychiatrist Georges Lantéri-Laura used the concept of "paradigm", developed by T. S. Kuhn, to explain the rationality and history of psychopathology. In his essay on the paradigms of modern psychiatry, Lantéri-Laura established three paradigms, situated between the end of the 18th century and the end of the 20th century. The first paradigm has mental alienation as its center of the idea. The second works with the notion that mental illnesses exist. The third uses the structure notion and defines the major psychopathological structures. Thus, this theoretical essay had as its starting point the historical review of psychiatric traditions carried out by Lantéri-Laura, seeking to advance and include contemporary discussions in the proposal to defend a fourth psychiatric paradigm guided by the concept of the syndrome. In this study, it is possible to identify two quite distinct psychopathological logics -- one psychoanalytic and the other behavioral -- on which the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM), a manual of the American Psychiatric Association (APA) is based. For this, it was necessary to prepare a brief context of the DSM and its five editions on the main criticisms of this classification system. Finally, it discusses the fate of the DSM system in the face of a new emerging diagnostic system and concludes that psychopathology is a diachronic field in which changes and updates are constant and necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La cooccurrence de diagnostics (dx) en santé mentale réfère à la présence de deux ou plusieurs dx chez un même enfant et peut s'avérer synonyme d'une symptomatologie complexe et difficile à traiter. Afin d'identifier des leviers d'intervention dans le traitement de ces enfants, la présente étude examine si des facteurs familiaux, tels les symptômes dépressifs, le stress parental et la sensibilité chez les mères, sont associés à la cooccurrence de dx chez de jeunes enfants d'âge préscolaire. Pendant quatre ans, des parents et leurs enfants (1–5 ans) ont été sollicités à une clinique spécialisée de psychiatrie du Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine de Montréal (Canada). Un protocole d'évaluation et d'observation a été proposé à un tiers des familles ayant pris part au projet. Notre étude porte sur les 54 enfants et parents ayant participé à ce protocole. La sensibilité maternelle a été observée via la procédure de la situation étrangère et les mères ont complété des questionnaires sur le stress et la dépression. Les dx des enfants ont été posés par les psychiatres. Les analyses montrent des difficultés cliniques sur le plan de la sensibilité (39 %), du stress (67 %) et de la dépression (43 %) chez de nombreuses mères. Le stress et la dépression ne sont pas associés à la présence de dx cooccurrents ; mais, les mères moins sensibles sont deux fois plus à risque que leur enfant présente plus d'un dx. L'étude souligne l'importance du parent dans les traitements des enfants avec une symptomatologie plus complexe. L'intervention dyadique améliorant la sensibilité parentale est discutée. Co-occurrence of mental health diagnoses (dx) refers to the presence of two or more dx in the same child and may imply a more complex profile of symptoms and be more difficult to treat. Treatments for children with co-occurring dx often appear successful for some of the symptoms, while other symptoms persist with clinical efforts. Although it is well documented that an early onset of disorders in the preschool period is associated with numerous adverse outcomes in the middle childhood or adolescence periods (e.g., antisocial behavior, peer rejection), little is known about risk and protective factors associated with the co-occurrence of psychopathological disorders in preschool children. To better identify intervention leverages for the treatment of these children, this study examines whether the quality of the family environment (maternal sensitivity, stress and depressive symptoms) is associated with the presence of co-occurring psychiatric dx among preschool age children. During four years, parents and children (1–5 years old) were approached at a specialized psychiatric clinic at the Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center in Montreal. An assessment and observation protocol was administered to a third of these families. Our study comprises the 54 children and their parents who participated to this protocol. In this sample, 37% of the children were diagnosed with an attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, 24% with a disruptive disorder, 39% with an oppositional defiant disorder and 46% with an anxiety disorder. Overall, 42 children (78%) were diagnosed with two or more dx. Maternal sensitivity was observed during the very well-validated Strange Situation Procedure. Mothers completed questionnaires on parental stress and their depressive symptoms. Children were diagnosed by the clinic's psychiatrists. Analyses showed clinical level difficulties of sensitivity (39%), stress (67%) and depression (43%) in a significant portion of the mothers. Parental stress and depression were not associated with co-occurring dx in children; however, less sensitive mothers were more likely to have children with more than one dx. Precisely, children of less sensitive mothers were more than twice as likely to present co-occurring disorders as children with more sensitive mothers. Parental sensitivity, i.e., the ability to observe, interpret correctly and respond in a timely and appropriate manner to the child needs, is more problematic in mothers of children with a more complex symptomatology. This study highlights the importance of parental involvement in the treatment of these preschool children. Parent–child dyadic interventions, such as the Attachment Video feedback Intervention (AVI), to optimize parental sensitivity are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adolf Meyer (1866–1950) est considéré comme l'un des psychiatres les plus connus aux États-Unis et son influence y a été prépondérante, notamment entre 1895 et la Seconde Guerre mondiale. À l'aube des années 1900, Meyer a entrepris une restructuration du système asilaire et, sous son impulsion, les « asiles d'aliénés » commencent, au moins en certains endroits, à devenir des lieux de soins. Après en avoir supervisé les travaux de construction, Meyer est nommé, en 1913, directeur de la première clinique psychiatrique aux États-Unis – Henry Phipps Psychiatric Clinic – qui deviendra dans les années qui suivirent un des plus prestigieux centres de recherches et de formation en psychiatrie. C'est au sein de la clinique psychiatrique Henry Phipps que Meyer a pu promouvoir ce qu'il a nommé en 1901 la « nouvelle psychiatrie », puis en 1908, la psychobiologie. La psychobiologie est devenue synonyme de psychiatrie meyerienne. Meyer a largement contribué à ce que les troubles mentaux fassent l'objet de recherches scientifiques et cliniques, d'une formation médicale spécifique et de traitements appropriés. Adolf Meyer (1866–1950) is considered one of the most famous psychiatrists in the United States and his influence was preponderant, particularly between 1895 and the Second World War. In the early 1900s, Meyer undertook a restructuring of the asylums system and, under his leadership, insane asylums began, at least in some places, to become institutions of care. After overseeing its construction, Meyer was appointed in 1913 as superintendent of the first psychiatric clinic in the United States – Henry Phipps Psychiatric Clinic – which would become one of the most prestigious psychiatric researches and training centers in the years that followed. It was at the Henry Phipps Psychiatric Clinic that Meyer was able to promote what he called "the new psychiatry" in 1901 and then psychobiology in 1908. Psychobiology has become synonymous with Meyerian psychiatry. Meyer has made a significant contribution to ensuring that mental disorders are the subject of scientific and clinical research, specific medical training and appropriate treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For several decades, hyperactivity and attention disorders in children, has been the subject of unfortunate controversy. Whatever the possible genetic predispositions and other neural, biological and cognitive factors to take into account when looking at the origin of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) we cannot ignore the quest to find a meaning in the symptoms in relation to the mental functioning of the young patient and his or her family and social environment. This quest also puts the disorder back within the history of the subject, what he or she has experienced subjectively. But the establishment of contact with such patients and the therapeutic choices depend on the practitioner's training as well as his or her conscious and unconscious prejudices and possible conflicts of interest. A truly scientific approach calls for undogmatic therapeutic indications, which do not rule out either treatment by medication or by individual or family therapies, or institutional care if necessary, with a view to an individually adapted complementarity, unique to each case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Borderline personality disorder (BPS) is considered as a severe mental disorder with a high burden for patients, family members and the healthcare system. Recent years have brought significant advances in understanding and treating BP, leading to an earlier diagnosis and better treatment outcomes. Objective: This article outlines the current state of knowledge on the epidemiology, diagnostics, psychopathology and treatment of BPD and identifies open questions. Material and methods: Based on a literature search in the PubMed, PsycINFO and EMBASE databases, the latest developments in the topic of BPD for the areas of diagnostics, epidemiology, etiology and treatment are illuminated in a narrative review. Where possible systematic review articles, meta-analyses and evidence-based practice guidelines were also considered. State of the science: At the core of BPS are disorders of emotion regulation, self-image, and interpersonal interaction. The suicide rates range from 2% to 5% and life expectancy is significantly shortened compared with the general population. The effectiveness of differentiated, disorder-specific psychotherapy (especially dialectic behavioral therapy, DBT) is well established. Psychotherapeutic care in the outpatient sector, especially in the field of pediatric and adolescent psychiatry, is still insufficient. Perspectives: Questions about the etiopathology, especially genetic and postulated neurobiological parameters that determine affective hypersensitivity, are largely open. Nosologically, the differentiation from comorbid complex posttraumatic stress disorder (cPTSD) is certainly an important issue, which also has therapeutic consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Social Psychology / Psihologie Socială is the property of Alexandru Ioan Cuza University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of European Review of Applied Psychology is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper intends to analyse the current political and social situation in Brazil and show how this context has influenced the management of the public health crisis generated by the COVID-19 pandemic. To this end, the authors conducted an investigation into Brazil's historical roots, which have not only engendered deep class differences but, also, social psychopathologies such as dissociation and perversion. Finally, this paper presents a symbolic analysis of social exclusion and how the mythical figure of Sophia can inspire a renewed movement of inclusion and tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L'empathie est un phénomène complexe dont la compréhension est améliorée par la distinction de ses dimensions émotionnelle, cognitive et motivationnelle, qui interagissent entre l'individu et son l'environnement dès le plus jeune âge. Des déficits précoces dans les processus empathiques peuvent conduire à des difficultés de socialisation qui se manifestent particulièrement chez les enfants présentant des troubles du spectre de l'autisme et le trouble des conduites. Cette revue critique des connaissances récentes en psychopathologie et neuroscience développementale aborde les dimensions sous-jacentes à l'empathie que sont le partage affectif et le souci de l'autre. L'article conclut en proposant des pistes de recherche pour identifier des biomarqueurs précoces. Empathy is a complex social-cognitive ability that is best understood by distinguishing its emotional, cognitive and motivational dimensions, which from early childhood interact between the child and her/his social environment. To date, among the many factors that are acknowledged to influence the development of empathy, children's temperament and parenting behaviors have been identified as interacting in predicting the extent to which children demonstrate empathic responses. Recent studies in developmental social neuroscience cast light on the neural networks engaged in the development of each of the dimensions that constitute empathy, which are needed to navigate social interaction and establishing positive social relationships. Indeed, early deficits in empathic processes can lead to difficulties in socialization, particularly associated with reduced attention to others' emotions, especially when they are suffering, a lesser degree of remorse and guilt, and a greater tendency to ignore social norms or break the rules. Difficulties in socialization are particularly visible in two well-known developmental disorders: children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and children with conduct disorder and callous unemotional traits (CU). This paper provides a critical and selective review of recent empirical studies in psychopathology and developmental neuroscience by addressing the dimensions underlying empathy, specifically emotional sharing and caring for others. For children with ASD, some studies report that they pay less attention to another person in distress. However, functional neuroimaging studies conducted with ASD adolescents indicate that the emotional dimension appears to be preserved, but a lack of emotional self-regulation may impair them from experiencing empathic concern. Children with conduct disorder and CU traits clearly manifest a reduced autonomic nervous system response to others' distress or suffering. This may account for their disregard or contempt for others' well-being and social norms. Functional neuroimaging studies show that atypical patterns of brain activity at 15 months of age can predict later severe conduct disorder. Neural regions engaged in emotional processing such as the anterior cingulate cortex, insula and amygdala shown reduced activation to empathy-eliciting stimuli in children with CU. Finally, the genetic nature of CU traits is highlighted in several studies. We conclude by proposing several avenues for developmental research to identify biomarkers from an early age and by inviting to focus on psychological interventions with those populations accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

John Weir Perry's influence on the understanding of the psychotic process through his research in San Francisco between 1950 and 1981 was groundbreaking, because it both verified and expanded upon C.G. Jung's research at the Burghölzli Hospital in Switzerland in the early 1900's. The author explores both the brilliance of Perry's contribution as a psychiatrist and Jungian analyst and also shows the flawed human, who, with his rare sensitivity to the psychotic process, devoted his life work to the schizophrenic population and their often ill-fated search for meaning. She tells how his creative engagement with the analytic processes of Self discovery eventually led to analytic boundary violations, which ultimately resulted in his indefinite suspension from membership in his local Jungian community. Further, this paper describes her reflections on the innovative work that influenced both the treatment of this population, as well as educating candidates in analytical training to be receptive to and cognizant of psychotic affects and imagery. The archetypal field of the psychotic process, its influence on the development of analytical psychology relative to the psychotic process, and one man's impact on the analytic community are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Like any medication, ketamine has a sensory and psychic impact on any subject. What do patients under ketamine experience and report to us about their sensations and more generally about their sensoriality under ketamine? The aim of this article is to question what happens to our patients who consume ketamine in the management of chronic pain and to put it into perspective with the psychopathological clinic for trauma and chronic pain. We need to ask ourselves what function the demand for ketamine has for the patient and what function the proposal of such a treatment has for the prescriber when it runs the risk of freezing the work of appropriating a body that is alive and capable of acting on the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Il s'agit d'une approche conceptuelle de la notion de Passion, de son évolution au cours du temps ; la méthodologie repose sur l'analyse des textes princeps et la recherche de termes et de thèmes qui perdurent dans la pensée contemporaine et peuvent éclairer les radicalisations liées au terrorisme. L'auteur analyse l'apparition du lien entre passion et folie à partir des philosophes antiques et la persistance du rapport à la raison de sous-catégories des passions comme la haine et les radicalités. D'abord centré sur l'individu, on assiste à l'extension de son usage vers le groupe avec la notion de passion sociale. État affectif dominant la vie de l'esprit d'un individu, la passion est par la suite analysée successivement comme subordonnée à la raison et susceptible de devenir une forme de folie chez les Stoïciens. Le pouvoir théologico-politique les fera considérer comme des attitudes d'incapacité et d'insoumission à la loi divine. Considéré d'abord comme une opinion, le passage au courant médical et aliéniste amène la caractérisation d'entités nosographiques avant que ne soient soulignés le contexte particulier des pensées radicales et le questionnement des radicalités religieuses et philosophiques. Les analyses des médecins et aliénistes reflèteront les conceptions de leur temps, mais se dégageront progressivement du contexte religieux. Le rapport au rationnel et au vrai sera restauré dans l'analyse des délires au XIXe siècle. L'analyse des pensées radicales et des radicalités sera plus tardive et inclura le passage des passions individuelles aux passions collectives et aux passions sociales. It is a conceptual approach to the notion of passion, its evolution over time. The methodology is based on the analysis of original texts and the search for terms and themes that persist in contemporary thought. The author analyses the appearance of the link between passion and madness since ancient philosophers and the persistence of the relationship to reason and subcategories of passions, such as hatred and can inform terrorism-related radicalizations. The author analyses the appearance of the link between passion and madness from ancient philosophers and the persistence of the relationship to the reason of subcategories of passions such as hatred and radicalities. Initially focused on the individual, we see the extension of its use towards the group with the notion of social passion. An affective state dominating the life of an individual's mind, passion is subsequently analyzed successively as subordinate to reason and likely to become a form of madness among the Stoics. The theological–political power will cause them to be regarded as attitudes of incapacity and disobedience to the divine law. Viewed first as an opinion, the passage to the medical and alienist current leads to the characterization of nosographic entity before the particular context of radical thoughts and the questioning of religious and philosophical radicalities is emphasized. The analyses of doctors and alienists will reflect the conceptions of their time but will gradually emerge from the religious context. The relation to the rational and the true will be restored in the analysis of the delusions in the 19th century. The analysis of radical thoughts and radicalities will be late and will include the passage from individual passions to collective passions and social passions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Si le terme de décompensation passionnelle tend à disparaître de la nosologie psychiatrique, en pratique clinique, nombreux sont les patients qui présentent une ou plusieurs idées prévalentes exprimées avec une intense participation émotionnelle souvent au détriment des autres secteurs de la vie psychique. Pour les patients blessés psychiques, si des thèmes revendicatifs sont fréquemment observés dans les différentes procédures visant à la reconnaissance et à la réparation de l'affection, ils éclipsent parfois d'autres problématiques, telles l'élaboration d'un deuil ou la restauration narcissique qui constituent les véritables enjeux thérapeutiques. L'objectif de cette étude clinique est de proposer un panorama de situations cliniques posant la question de l'intrication de symptômes du registre passionnel et traumatique en interrogeant les rapports des uns aux autres et à l'état antérieur. Il s'agit tout à la fois de proposer un retour d'expérience, des pistes de réflexion psychothérapeutique, voire pourquoi pas d'ouvrir sur de nouvelles perspectives. The term passionate decompensation is used less and less in psychiatry. In classical French nosology, it designates delusions occurring in sectors on very specific themes (of claim, jealousy, erotomania, sensitive) of prevailing intuitive and interpretative mechanisms. In international literature, we speak rather of persistent delusional disorders and/or psychotic disorders congruent or not to the mood in the event of thymic disorders. In patients with post-traumatic stress disorder, it is not uncommon to observe a change in character associated with a stiffening of social relationships and themes of claim that may suggest delusional decompensation. The objective of this work is to propose a psychopathological reflection based on different clinical cases allowing to identify psychotherapeutic issues. In this chapter, we present three clinical cases. One asking the question of the decompensation of a delusion of claim, a second that of a hypochondriac complaint and a third that of the emergence of a passion in the sense of investing in a new activity in a patient in phase of stabilisation of his affection. These different clinical cases allow us to discuss the relationship between the symptoms of the passion register and the premorbid personality, the impact of psychological trauma as a triggering factor, but also the psychopathological and psychotherapeutic issues underlying these symptomatic manifestations. Indeed, the question of recognition and reparation is often associated with the work of working through the mourning of the previous state, restoring the self-image and recovering a new balance. In some cases, the need for reparation is such that it turns into an emotional quest that can lead to conflicts with those around them. Finally, the lack of control related to the circumstances of the trauma can lead as a reaction to an excessive desire for control and mastery of the environment. Very often in the development of psychologically injured patients, there is a transitional phase of claiming and/or of excessive rigidification of relationships with others, which in fact testifies to a work of mourning and narcissistic restoration. If these phenomena become chronic, it is advisable to question their relationship with the pre-morbid personality and/or to look for signs in favour of psychotic decompensation. In some cases, however, the newfound ability to commit to a cause, to bear witness to one's experience, to invest in a life project makes it possible to restore meaning to an existence shattered by trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Le « Stalking » ou harcèlement est un problème social commun souvent causé par un trouble psychiatrique chez ses auteurs et produisant des dommages psychologiques et sociaux chez leurs victimes. Malheureusement, cela n'est pas formellement reconnu dans les systèmes de classification actuels (DSM-5 et CIM-10). Évaluer et gérer les risques liés au harcèlement est une tâche qui incombe souvent à des psychiatres. Le traitement de ces problèmes de comportement devrait cibler les mécanismes psychopathologiques sous-jacents spécifiques, qui nécessitent une évaluation diagnostique minutieuse. Les harceleurs et les victimes ont un besoin urgent de développer des traitements spécifiques. Ici, les auteurs donnent un aperçu du harcèlement à travers un prisme clinique de psychiatrie générale et médicolégale. Stalking is a common social problem often driven by psychiatric disorder in its perpetrators and productive of psychological and social damage in its victims. Unfortunately, it is not formally acknowledged in current classificatory systems (DSM-5 and ICD-10). Here, authors provide an overview of stalking through a clinical prism of general and forensic psychiatry. Stalking is a chronic behaviour consisting of willful, malicious and, repeated following and harassing of another person. Stalking can take its toll on victim's mental status. Sequelae are legion including depression (with suicidality), anxiety (panic and PTSD), catagelophobia, worsening of medical conditions, personality changes/paranoia, and, substance abuse. A total of 90 % of stalkers are men. A total of 80 % of victims are women. Stalking acts can express a range of motivations including anger, jealousy, rage over abandonment, striving for power, or, a need to control the victim. Evidence from fMRI studies demonstrated a heightened activity of subcortical dopaminergic pathways of reward system and possible low activity of central serotonin. Generally speaking, stalkers mostly do not become violent (associated homicide in 2 %). The Stalking and Harassement Behaviour Scale is commonly deployed in clinical and forensic settings. Types of stakers include erotomanic, love obsessional (including intimacy seekers and incompetent suiters), simple obsessional (including rejected and resentful categories), and false victimiztaion syndrome. Anti-stalking laws were borne out as a result of public concerns that community members were powerless to protect themselves against harassing behaviours. Stalkers are most likely to be found among the diagnostic classes of psychotic disorders or (severe) personality disorders. Treatment of these behavioural problems should target the specific underlying psychopathological mechanisms, which require careful diagnostic assessment. Both stalkers and victims are in urgent need of the development of specific treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychiatrist Daniel Zagury discusses his journey, his joys, his disappointments, his questions in this interview for Perspectives Psy. This meeting is the opportunity to come back more extensively to the perspective that this great clinician has on psychiatry, its development and on his passion for this discipline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Les lacunes des classifications de la psychopathologie fondées sur des consensus d'experts ont conduit à de nombreuses tentatives actuelles pour classer la psychopathologie de manière quantitative. Dans cet article, nous passons en revue les progrès accomplis dans la réalisation d'une classification quantitative et empirique de la psychopathologie. Une littérature empirique substantielle montre que la psychopathologie est généralement plus dimensionnelle que catégorielle. Et lorsque la distinction entre une psychopathologie discrète et une psychopathologie continue est traitée comme une question de recherche, par opposition à une distinction basée sur un argument d'autorité, alors les preuves scientifiques soutiennent clairement l'hypothèse d'une psychopathologie continue. En outre, un corpus de littérature connexe montre comment les dimensions de la psychopathologie peuvent être organisées selon une hiérarchie qui va de dimensions très larges d'un niveau de type « spectre » à des groupes spécifiques et étroits de symptômes. De cette manière, une approche quantitative résout le « problème de la comorbidité » en modélisant explicitement la cooccurrence entre les signes et les symptômes au sein d'une hiérarchie détaillée et variée, maniant des concepts dimensionnels qui ont une utilité clinique directe. De nombreuses preuves concernant la structure dimensionnelle et hiérarchique de la psychopathologie ont conduit à la formation du consortium Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP, taxonomie hiérarchique de la psychopathologie). Il s'agit d'un groupe de 70 chercheurs travaillant ensemble pour étudier la classification empirique de la psychopathologie. Dans cet article, nous décrivons les objectifs et les axes de recherches actuels du consortium HiTOP. Ces objectifs concernent la poursuite des recherches sur l'organisation empirique de la psychopathologie ; le lien entre la personnalité et la psychopathologie ; l'utilité des construits empiriques de la psychopathologie, à la fois pour la recherche et pour la clinique ; et enfin, le développement de nouveaux modèles exhaustifs et d'instruments d'évaluation correspondant aux construits psychopathologiques dérivés d'une approche empirique. Shortcomings of approaches to classifying psychopathology based on expert consensus have given rise to contemporary efforts to classify psychopathology quantitatively. In this paper, we review progress in achieving a quantitative and empirical classification of psychopathology. A substantial empirical literature indicates that psychopathology is generally more dimensional than categorical. When the discreteness versus continuity of psychopathology is treated as a research question, as opposed to being decided as a matter of tradition, the evidence clearly supports the hypothesis of continuity. In addition, a related body of literature shows how psychopathology dimensions can be arranged in a hierarchy, ranging from very broad "spectrum level" dimensions, to specific and narrow clusters of symptoms. In this way, a quantitative approach solves the "problem of comorbidity" by explicitly modeling patterns of co-occurrence among signs and symptoms within a detailed and variegated hierarchy of dimensional concepts with direct clinical utility. Indeed, extensive evidence pertaining to the dimensional and hierarchical structure of psychopathology has led to the formation of the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) Consortium. This is a group of 70 investigators working together to study empirical classification of psychopathology. In this paper, we describe the aims and current foci of the HiTOP Consortium. These aims pertain to continued research on the empirical organization of psychopathology; the connection between personality and psychopathology; the utility of empirically based psychopathology constructs in both research and the clinic; and the development of novel and comprehensive models and corresponding assessment instruments for psychopathology constructs derived from an empirical approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ces dernières années, l'approche réseau de la psychopathologie a été proposée comme moyen alternatif de conceptualiser les troubles mentaux. Dans cette approche, les troubles mentaux résultent d'interactions directes entre les symptômes. Bien que l'approche réseau ait conduit à de nombreuses nouvelles méthodologies et à des applications notables, elle n'a pas encore été entièrement formulée en tant que théorie scientifique des troubles mentaux. L'article présent vise à développer une telle théorie, en postulant un ensemble limité de principes théoriques concernant la structure et la dynamique des réseaux de symptômes. La notion de lien causal, constituée par les symptômes de la psychopathologie, est au centre de cette théorie par le biais d'un certain nombre de mécanismes biologiques, psychologiques et sociaux. Si ces relations de cause à effet sont suffisamment fortes, les symptômes peuvent générer un niveau de rétroaction qui les auto-entretient. Dans ce cas, le réseau peut rester bloqué dans un état pathologique. La théorie des réseaux considère qu'il s'agit d'une caractéristique générale pour les troubles mentaux et que l'on peut donc comprendre ces derniers comme des états alternatifs stables de réseaux de symptômes fortement connectés. Cette idée conduit naturellement à un modèle général de la psychopathologie, intégrant à la fois un modèle explicatif commun pour les troubles mentaux et une nouvelle définition des concepts associés comme ceux de santé mentale, de résilience, de vulnérabilité et de handicap. En outre, la théorie des réseaux a des implications directes sur la manière de comprendre le diagnostic et le traitement, et elle suggère des pistes prometteuses pour les recherches futures en psychiatrie et dans les disciplines qui lui sont associées. In recent years, the network approach to psychopathology has been advanced as an alternative way of conceptualising mental disorders. In this approach, mental disorders arise from direct interactions between symptoms. Although the network approach has led to many novel methodologies and substantive applications, it has not yet been fully articulated as a scientific theory of mental disorders. The present paper aims to develop such a theory by postulating a limited set of theoretical principles regarding the structure and dynamics of symptom networks. At the heart of the theory lies the notion that symptoms of psychopathology are causally connected through myriads of biological, psychological and societal mechanisms. If these causal relations are sufficiently strong, symptoms can generate a level of feedback that renders them self-sustaining. In this case, the network can get stuck in a disorder state. The network theory holds that this is a general feature of mental disorders, which can therefore be understood as alternative stable states of strongly connected symptom networks. This idea naturally leads to a comprehensive model of psychopathology, encompassing a common explanatory model for mental disorders, as well as novel definitions of associated concepts such as mental health, resilience, vulnerability and liability. In addition, the network theory has direct implications for how to understand diagnosis and treatment, and suggests a clear agenda for future research in psychiatry and associated disciplines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In his book Aion, Jung describes something like a quasi-Hegelian progressive historical realization of the Self in a perspective similar to Fernand Braudel's longue durée history. This article deals with a similar perspective, as it tries to focus on what we may call a "cultural complex" yet within its unfolding in historical time and belonging not to just one specific cultural group, but to a large cultural basin, which we may indicate as the "West". This complex marks the birth and development of modernity. The depth, pervasiveness and duration of this cultural complex permeates the lives and psychologies of all of those that are part of it. Therefore, every analytical project must take into account the underlying emotional, epistemic and social field within which this complex constellates. One of the main features of this (trans)cultural complex, strictly connected with the progressive fragmentation of the self and the transformation of the numinosum with its meaning-giving force, is paranoia. This article analyses the historical and cultural features that produce paranoia and fragmentation and determine paranoid symptoms and attitudes., (© 2024 The Society of Analytical Psychology.)

Copyright of Forensische Psychiatrie, Psychologie, Kriminologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The author presents the impact of the periods of lockdown and the lifting of lockdown during the Covid-19 pandemic on the symptomatology of an obsessional patient having received several years of psychoanalytic therapy. The paradoxical improvement under the constraints of lockdown is highlighted. The resumption of the therapeutic process after several months of lockdown during which it was carried on remotely for an indefinite period, allowed for existential and liberating issues to be addressed. The gradual recovery of the patient from the disorders linked to his twinhood is finally a possibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The psychopathological phenomenon of delusion appears almost every day in the routine clinical practice. Although making the diagnosis usually seems clear and simple, the accurate definition of delusion is even now a serious challenge and controversial discussion. This article therefore investigates whether and to what extent the Kantian term of God and his argument for God's existence can make a contribution to the psychopathological definition of delusion. Method: By analyzing Kant's primary literature, the special position of the predicate of existence is presented in order to give an explanation of Kant's term of God. Moreover, Kant's argument for the existence of God is elaborated in his critique of purely practical rationality. Finally, various approximations to a formal definition of delusion are proposed. Results: It can be shown that there are numerous indications for a formal approach to characterize psychopathological delusion. Kant provides a formal logical explanation of the term of God; however, his proof of God is a moral practical one. Conclusion: A formal aspect in the definition of delusion appears useful. Jasper's criterion of the impossibility of the content of delusion can be critically questioned in terms of being unnecessary. The formal logical aspect in the Kantian term of God, not his moral argument for proof of God can make a contribution to the psychopathological definition of delusion in form of a dimension of the conditional. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La situation que nous vivons actuellement est inédite. Déclarant l'état d'urgence sanitaire afin de juguler une épidémie redoutable, les autorités ont décrété le confinement à domicile de la majorité de la population de notre pays pour plusieurs semaines. En quelques jours surgissent d'innombrables interrogations pour des espaces très divers : épidémiologiques, immunologiques, sociologiques, scientifiques de l'information, médicaux, administratifs, politiques, etc. Nous proposons une réflexion destinée à décrire les enjeux psychologiques, expliciter les troubles constatés et discuter les moyens pour les prendre en charge dans la durée. Nous basons notre réflexion sur une revue de la littérature confrontée à notre expérience clinique actuelle, y compris concernant les possibilités de suivi médico-psychologique dématérialisé. Nous rappelons les répercussions collectives des risques létaux de masse émergents, et en particulier des agents infectieux viraux, avant d'aborder les modèles scientifiques existants de confinement collectif d'après les opérations militaires en zone hostile, les missions d'hivernage polaire et de conquête aérospatiale. Il apparaît que pour l'étude d'un confinement global, quelque peu étudié lors de pandémies antérieures, les conceptions de l'adaptation au stress et de l'adaptation psychodynamique s'avèrent pertinentes. Nous détaillons les conséquences psychologiques du confinement sur les santés psychiques individuelles et leurs contre-mesures en fonction de trois typologies populationnelles : population générale, population des soignants en première ligne contre l'épidémie, et population des sujets déjà en souffrance psychique ou voyant leurs troubles réapparaître. Nous faisons également référence aux travaux de psychologie cognitive sociale explicitant comment, en situation anxiogène, les raisonnements peuvent être biaisés et conduire à des choix s'avérant in fine peu rationnels, de l'avis même de ceux qui les ont faits. La situation actuelle dans le domaine de la santé est en cela propice, comme en témoigne le « débat sur la chloroquine » largement relayé dans les médias et sur les réseaux sociaux, opposant des conclusions le plus souvent tranchées à partir de connaissances d'un certain degré de scientificité, d'une part, mais aussi en fonction de ce qui semble être les fantasmes de tous ceux qui recherchent soit un remède miracle, soit une occasion de faire prospérer une « théorie du complot », d'autre part. Les répercussions psychologiques du confinement apparaissent conditionnées par les multiples formes que peut prendre ce dernier : volontaire ou subi, plus ou moins prolongé, passé chez soi ou dans un autre lieu, vécu dans l'isolement individuel ou en petite communauté, associé à d'autres facteurs de stress et/ou traumatiques, etc. Le confinement à domicile d'une population à l'échelle d'un pays n'a jamais été évalué. Cette expérience nous semble confronter globalement notre société au tabou de la mort qui s'impose, mort de plus en plus éludée au fur et à mesure que l'« homme occidental » tente de s'éloigner de ses origines terrestres. En ce sens, des répercussions de type psychotraumatique sont à prévenir. Afin de faire face à de multiples enjeux, le système de soins s'est adapté avec notamment le développement de l'usage d'Internet pour la mise à disposition d'informations destinées à mieux vivre le confinement, ou encore la généralisation de la psychothérapie à distance qui pose autant de questions qu'elle apporte de réponses. Ces intrications des techniques informatiques dans l'espace de la psychothérapie, techniques envers lesquelles nous avions quelques incrédulités, se sont imposées aussi rapidement que le virus : obligation est faite aux cliniciens et aux chercheurs d'en mesurer les enjeux et les conséquences. Des programmes de santé publique pourraient voir le jour sur le modèle de ceux déjà existants afin de prendre en charge des troubles chroniques endémiques bien connus : protection contre les effets d'une alimentation déséquilibrée associée à la sédentarité, lutte contre le tabagisme et l'alcoolisme, prévention des conduites auto-agressives, etc. Il nous faudra aussi soutenir les soignants qui ont été en première ligne et qui sortiront éprouvés de cette pandémie : en dépendra la pérennité des capacités d'action de notre système de soins pour revenir à son état nominal et aussi peut-être, pour qu'il puisse faire face aux conséquences d'autres crises, notamment sociales. The situation we are currently experiencing is unprecedented. Declaring a state of health emergency in order to curb a frightening epidemic, the authorities have decreed the home confinement of the majority of the population of our country for several weeks. In a few days, innumerable questions arise for very diverse spaces: epidemiological, immunological, sociological, information scientists, medical, administrative, political, etc. We propose a reflection intended to describe the psychological risks, to clarify the disorders found, and to discuss the means to take care of them in the duration. We base our thinking on a review of the literature confronted with our current clinical experience, including concerning the possibilities of dematerialised medico-psychological monitoring. We recall the collective repercussions of emerging lethal mass risks, and in particular viral infectious agents, before approaching the existing scientific models of collective confinement according to military operations in war zones, polar wintering missions and aerospace conquest. It appears that for the study of a global containment, somewhat studied during previous pandemics, the conceptions of stress reaction and psychodynamic adaptation prove to be relevant. We detail the psychological consequences of confinement on individual mental health and their countermeasures according to three population typologies: general population, population of caregivers on the front line against the epidemic, and population of subjects already suffering from mental illness or seeing their disorders reappear. We also refer to works in social cognitive psychology explaining how, in an anxiety-provoking situation, reasoning can be biased and lead to choices that ultimately prove to be not very rational, in the opinion of those who made them. The current situation in the health sector is favourable in this, as evidenced by the "debate on chloroquine" widely reported in the media and on social networks, opposing conclusions most often decided on the basis of beliefs on contrary to evidence based medicine. The psychological repercussions of confinement appear conditioned by the multiple forms that it can take: voluntary or suffered, more or less prolonged, spent at home or in another place, lived in individual isolation or in a small community, associated other stressors and/or traumatic factors, etc. The home confinement of a population across a country has never been assessed. This experience seems to us to confront our society as a whole with the taboo of death, which is imposed, death more and more evaded as the "Western man" tries to move away from his terrestrial origins. In this sense, psychotraumatic type repercussions are to be prevented. In order to face multiple challenges, the healthcare system has adapted with, in particular, the development of the use of the Internet for the provision of information intended to better experience confinement, or even the generalisation of e-psychotherapy asking as many questions as it provides answers. These intricacies of computer techniques in the area of psychotherapy, techniques with which we had some questioning, became established as quickly as the virus: the task of clinicians and researchers to measure the issues and the consequences. Public health programs could emerge on the model of those already existing in order to manage well-known chronic endemic disorders: protection against the effects of an unbalanced diet associated with a sedentary lifestyle, fight against smoking and alcoholism, prevention of self-aggressive behaviour, etc. We will also need to support the caregivers who have been on the front line and who will emerge tested from this pandemic: depending on the sustainability of the action capacities of our healthcare system to return to its nominal state and also perhaps, so that it can face consequences resulting from other crises, especially social ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Les premiers mois de l'année 2020 sont marqués en France par une situation de crise sanitaire exceptionnelle. Dans l'urgence, l'ensemble des acteurs du soin sont appelés à se mobiliser afin de faire face à la crise. Entre l'angoisse liée à la contamination, les incertitudes concernant la menace, le réaménagement de l'outil de travail, la formation de nouvelles équipes et les modifications de la vie personnelle, les équipes hospitalières sont soumises à un effort d'adaptation majeur. Psychiatre exerçant au sein d'un hôpital d'instruction des armées (HIA) réorganisé pour faire face à la crise, nous avons interrompu la majeure partie de notre activité programmée pour nous rapprocher des services susceptibles d'accueillir des patients Covid afin de leur proposer un soutien psychologique. L'objet de ce propos est, après avoir fait l'inventaire des différents facteurs de stress que nous avons observés, de décrire les manifestations psychopathologiques individuelles et collectives constatées lors de cette période si particulière de préparation à la crise. Entre le normal et le pathologique, la mise en mot de cette psychopathologie ordinaire de l'exception nous paraît en effet être un préalable indispensable au maintien d'une distance nécessaire pour être thérapeutique et participer efficacement à la mise en place d'un dispositif de soutien psychologique adapté. Humanity is facing a global pandemic at the start of 2020. The health systems of each country are reorganizing to cope with an influx of patients. This crisis reorganization is the source of psychological tension that can lead to symptomatic manifestations in many caregivers. This situation is similar in many points to that encountered by soldiers on external operations (loss of usual bearings, feeling of threat, focusing of attention on the crisis, deterioration of living conditions with limitation of the possibility of taking breaks). The aim of this work is to describe at the hospital level the changes in the professional and personal environment linked to the crisis likely to cause stress and then to describe the clinical manifestations observed both on an individual and collective level. In this chapter, after having described the reorganization of the hospital in which we operate, we try to identify various factors likely to have psychological repercussions such as: the perceived urgency of the situation, the achievement of privacy, the reorganization of the work tool and the exercise of unusual tasks in newly formed teams, but also the fear of lack, the anxiety linked to contamination, the uncertainties linked to the threat. In this chapter, we describe the clinical manifestations observed in the caregivers of the hospital in reaction to the crisis. Rather than decompensations, they are mainly anxious manifestations characterized by an increase in somatic concerns, an accentuation of verification rituals, an increase in snacking and the consumption of certain psychoactive substances (coffee, tobacco) and for certain people a character stiffening. On a collective level, it was mainly the misuse of social networks reflecting the group's anxieties (search for meaning and responsibility, need for certainty) that was observed. We then conclude with a description of the approach that led to the establishment of a support system by offering a graduated response, re-assessable over time, compatible with the maintenance of usual activity while maintaining a therapeutic distance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dans le cadre du présent travail, nous proposons d'appréhender l'épidémie mondiale de coronavirus de type COVID-19, en tant que phénomène sociobiologique. Pour mener à bien notre réflexion, nous nous appuierons sur une expérience d'écoute psychologique d'orientation psychanalytique menée lors des attentats de Nice ayant eu lieu en 2016, et poursuivie ce jour dans le contexte pandémique actuel. Plus précisément, nous nous pencherons sur le signifiant « victime », avec tout ce qu'il engage comme questionnements quant au sujet. Notre proposition sera de considérer le statut de victime comme une traversée. Au cours de cette dernière, il est important que la souffrance des sujets soit écoutée, reconnue, jugée et indemnisée. Et cela, afin que chacun puisse trouver sa façon singulière de donner sa réponse au réel du virus, tel qu'il s'est imposé à nous ; mais, nous verrons aussi que l'une des conclusions possibles de cette traversée consiste à passer par des formes diverses de sublimation. As part of this work, we propose to understand the global epidemic of COVID-19 coronavirus, as a sociobiological phenomenon. To carry out our reflection, we will base ourselves on a psychological listening experience (in a psychoanalytic orientation) conducted during the Nice attacks in 2016, and continued today, during the current pandemic context. More specifically, we will look at the signifier "victim", including all that it involves as questions about the subject. Our proposal will be to consider the victim status as a crossing. During this one, it is important that the suffering of the subjects is listened to, recognised, judged and compensated. In order for this to happen, everyone can find his own way of giving an answer to the reality of the virus, as it has imposed itself on us; but we will also see that one of the possible conclusions of this crossing consists in going through various forms of sublimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psychotherapeut is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The master plan for medical studies 2020 (MM2020) aims at a restructuring of medical education. The examinations should represent the key element of the evaluation and electronically supported examination methods will be expanded. Objective: Videos of actors displaying psychopathological phenomena were implemented into examination questions for the first time through the use of an electronically supported examination (e-examination) and therefore in accordance with the aims of MM2020. Methods: A total of four multiple choice (MC) questions referencing short video representations of different psychopathological phenomena were formulated and shown to medical students within an e‑examination. The MC questions were evaluated with respect to scientific quality criteria and the medical students were asked to fill in a questionnaire regarding their evaluation of the content and format of the MC questions after participating in the examination. Results: The MC video questions were presented to the students directly following the regular e‑examination of the teaching module in psychiatry. Out of 69 students 60 participated in the study. The MC video questions had a high level of acceptance and positive evaluation by the students. With respect to the scientific quality criteria, the MC questions showed heterogeneous results. Conclusion: Due to the versatile applicability and high efficiency, MC questions will continue to play an important role in medical examinations. In accordance with the aims of MM2020, it could be shown that psychiatric knowledge can be examined in a competence-oriented manner and with a practical orientation by means of video presentations in an e‑examination. A broader application of video presentations could complement electronically supported examinations in the discipline of psychiatry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article analyzes the contribution of neurologist and neuropsychiatrist Antonio Austregésilo (1876-1960) for the psychopathological study and systematization of so-called infectious psychoses in Brazil. Based on Emil Kraepelin and using clinical observations on global and tropical infectious diseases, Austregésilo built detailed clinical knowledge and took part in the debate on etiology, specificities of causal factors and the course of the disease, which is located on the edge between infectious physical diseases and mental disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The context of the current pandemic reminds us not only of the plagues of the past, but also questions us about the possible social changes that may take place in the future. In the history of Western literature, we come across several accounts on the impact of these scourges experienced by humanity in the form of fictional narratives. In these, the metaphorical form resizes psychopathology in the face of helplessness. Western modernity is also marked by the discourse of science, its remarkable progress, but also its ideals, its ambitions and even its limits, which are now current again, just as events such as the 2020 pandemic were deemed fictitious or overcome. This article addresses the relationship between literature and science, revealing the political and psychopathological dimensions of global events in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholarship from the life-course paradigm has produced much evidence on the crime-reducing benefits of turning points such as securing a good job or developing a stable, positive relationship. Building on these insights, recent work has demonstrated the utility of incorporating health into the study of desistance; for various reasons, both mental and physical health statuses have been shown to influence the likelihood of achieving these key life-course milestones. What is less well understood, however, is how mental and physical health may interact with each other and how this model applies to certain salient subgroups in criminal justice, such as those with serious mental illnesses. Importing the mental health–crime literature, we examine both the main and synergistic effects of mental and physical health on employment focus and relationship worry among a sample of persons with serious mental illness (N = 184). Findings from logistic and ordinary least squares regression models reveal that better physical health is associated with improved employment focus and that this effect is moderated by mental health status. In addition, better physical health is associated with a decrease in worry over one's relationships. These findings point to the value of including physical and mental health states in life-course and desistance research, studies of persons with serious mental illnesses, and intervention and policy efforts to improve lives and promote desistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes a rereading of the "Rat Man" (Freud, 1915), to provide the clinician with a deeper understanding of the symptomatology of obsessional neurosis. Nowadays, obsessional neurosis has been set aside as a diagnostic and nosographic category, overshadowed by attention to personality disorders, borderline states, narcissistic perversion and, especially, psychopathology that is understood from the point of view of the DSM. However, it is nevertheless very present in our clinical practice. Its tortuous and complex symptomatology, with its infernal alternation between contradictory impulses, rumination, obsessions, omnipresent doubt, undoing, and the inability to reach a compromise can be confusing to the therapist. In their relentless attempt to reconcile the irreconcilable, these patients may quickly lose the clinician in the maze of their defences. By retracing the complex and sometimes opaque twists and turns of the Rat Man case history step by step, this article seeks to help the clinician grappling with transference, associations, and symptoms that are both typical and confusing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Terrorism belongs to the extreme forms of violence that have so far received little attention in psychiatric research and are rarely mentioned in textbooks of psychiatry. After terror attacks, however, the question regularly arises whether terrorists suffer from mental disorders. Objective and methods: The aim of this review is to summarize the multidimensional causes of terrorism with special emphasis on psychopathological aspects of the perpetrators. In addition to a brief summary of the historical background and recent developments in terrorism, a literature search was performed using PubMed, SCOPUS, PsychInfo and PsychARTICLES. Results: From a psychiatric point of view, a differentiation between lone terrorists and group terrorists is essential. Lone terrorists have a much higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders, such as psychotic, paranoid and affective symptoms. The majority of terrorists acting in groups rarely suffer from such mental disorders. For these perpetrators biographic aspects and socialization, group dynamics and ideological personality profiles with narcissistic, histrionic, fanatic and antisocial components are more relevant. The phenomenon of terrorism predominantly being a male domain is discussed. Conclusion: The manifold manifestations of terrorism are caused by complex patterns of interacting biographic, sociological, ideological and psychopathological components that differ between lone acting and group terrorists. The real causes for acts of terrorism are not various ideologies permitting violence but consist more of a pre-existing violence-oriented mentality of the perpetrators looking for such ideologies to justify their acts. The possibilities of psychiatry in prevention and early recognition are limited. Some recently developed scales for risk assessment of extreme violence are mentioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Establishing a relation with one's own physicality is an essential element of our anthropological framework (conditio humana). This relation can be disturbed by critical life events as well as by mental disorders, which is here illustrated by clinical examples. Furthermore we discuss the prerequisites for a stable therapeutical relationship with this particular group of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Dominic Interactive for Adolescents-Revised (DIA-R) is a multimedia self-report screen for depression, several other internalizing or externalizing problems, borderline personality traits, and suicidality. The comorbidity between different mental health problems can also be verified. The DIA-R evaluates symptoms or criteria defined by the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental disorders (DSM-5). This article aims to present the content, the reliability, the validity and the utility of the DIA-R in a prevention perspective. Psychometric properties were examined in a study including 447 Frenchand English-speaking adolescents aged 12 to 15 years recruited from schools and clinical settings in Montreal (Quebec, Canada). Reliability coefficients (internal consistency, test-retest reliability) were excellent or moderate. The analysis of criterion validity clearly demonstrated the ability of the DIA-R to predict depression, suicidality or other psychopathological conditions assessed by measures used as external validation criteria. The identification of depression, suicidality or other forms of psychopathology, at the beginning of adolescence, remains a major challenge for clinicians and researchers. The DIA-R could be useful in the continuum of youth mental services (schools, youth centres, psychiatric clinics) to propose appropriate interventions and contribute to prevent the aggravation of mental health problems and ultimately completed suicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we address some conceptual issues that are logically prior to the constitution of any psychopathology. We explore ontological and epistemological aspects of subjective experience, rejecting both Cartesianism and behaviorism, and favoring the Wittgensteinian notion of criterial support instead. Then, we discuss the disanalogy between knowledge of other minds and our knowledge of anything else. Based on the arguments by Eilan's that the "communication claim" should replace the "observation claim," we defend that there is a kind of knowledge that is irreducibly founded on intersubjectivity (that is, knowledge of persons is knowledge for two) and point out to implications it may have for psychopathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cette étude illustre l'association entre traumatisme infantile, généralement un harcèlement scolaire et/ou abus sexuel, et la conduite de retrait social. Une revue bibliographique avec les mots clés : hikikomori, claustration, abus sexuel, traumatisme, enfance, social withdrawal, social isolation, child abuse, sexual abuse, psychological trauma et les moteurs SantéPsy, Lissa, Google Scholar, PubMed, PBSC en français et en anglais a été effectuée à la bibliothèque du centre hospitalier Sainte-Anne ; les principales références retrouvées sont étudiées ici, le commentaire de la documentaliste étant, « très peu de résultats trouvés ». Deux observations de jeunes adultes en retrait social ayant rapporté leur situation répétée de victime dans le milieu scolaire sont utilisées. La définition classique du harcèlement apparaît ici trop étroite par rapport à la souffrance rapportée de ces victimes, anciennement nommées « souffre-douleur ». Le retrait social est mis directement en relation avec ces situations traumatiques. De plus, nous relevons une constante qui est celle de la mise en cause par ces jeunes de la société comme origine de toutes leurs difficultés. This study illustrates the association between childhood trauma, usually school bullying and/or sexual abuse, and social withdrawal conduct. A bibliographic review with the keywords: hikikomori, claustration, sexual abuse, trauma, childhood, social withdrawal, social isolation, child abuse, psychological trauma and motors HealthPsy, Lissa, Google Scholar, PubMed, PBSC in French and English was made at the library of the hospital Sainte-Anne, the main references found here are studied, the commentary of the documentalist being "very little results". Two observations of young adults in social withdrawal who reported their repeated victim status in the school environment are used. The classic definition of harassment/bullying here appears too narrow in relation to the reported suffering of these victims formerly known as "pain-sufferers". Social withdrawal is directly related to these traumatic situations. In addition, we note a constant, which is that of the questioning by these young people of society as the origin of all their difficulties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La notion de compensation s'applique à la compréhension des polyconsommations. Les contours mal définis de cette notion compromettant toutefois son utilité clinique, l'objectif de cet article a été de revisiter ses premières assises pour justifier sa place dans le champ de l'addictologie. Une généalogie historique a été ainsi faite sur une sélection de la littérature, cherchant à retracer les origines du concept dans la neurologie et la psychopathologie du xix e siècle et ses remaniements ultérieurs par la psychanalyse. Les résultats visent le raffinement conceptuel des compensations en addictologie, redéfinissant cette notion en tant que comportement ou processus qui, soutenu par des mécanismes psychiques conscients et inconscients, sert à moduler le manque de jouissance consécutif à la rupture d'avec une pratique addictive. Ce concept permet ainsi l'évaluation de la trajectoire d'un sujet qui s'adonne à plusieurs pratiques addictives, à approcher les complications liées à des sevrages et à estimer finement la question des liens entre addictions et troubles psychiques. In clinical practice, it is common to encounter several addictive behaviors that occur concomitantly or sequentially in subjects, this phenomenon has been identified with classical tags such as "mixed substance abuse" or "polysubstance dependence". In despite of the elimination of a specific category for viewing the phenomenon as a whole since the DSM-5, its clinical significance is still relevant and practitioners often use descriptive terms such as "polydrug/polysubstance use", "polydrug/polysubstance abuse" or "polysubstance involvement". In France, the situation is almost identical. There are multiple points of view regarding the simultaneous addictive practices of a subject: "associations of addictions", "co-addictions", "overlaps", "polysubstance use", "dual addictive problems" or "poly-addictions", for example. Recently, quite a few of the country's clinician-researchers have been using the term compensation to identify these phenomena. This notion remains, albeit, limited by theoretical considerations in French addictology studies, and clearly needs to be further addressed since it is imprecise. Thus, the objective of this article will be to revisit the original and theoretical groundwork of the concept of compensation to reinforce its clinical utility and its rationale basis in the field of addictions. Via a review of the classic scientific literature, this approach is in line with the historical genealogy. It is a question of going back to the foundations of the concept of compensation, which finds its origin in neurology and psychoanalysis, then to compare them with the contemporary findings, modest and generally more descriptive. Research guidelines could thus be established to restore the clinical utility of the concept of compensation in contemporary addictology. A current opinion attributed to Adler the origin of the psychoanalytic concept, however this origin is rather multifaceted and complex. When he stated it in 1907 in The Psychological Compensation of the Inferior State of the Organs , the notion of compensation had already been in circulation half a century earlier in the Franco-German work in neurology and psychopathology. At the beginning, the compensations describe an organic or psychological substitution with a neurological base (Charcot, Adler) as an unconscious regulation of a normal conscious state (Jung) or a search for balance when faced with an increase of excitement (Breuer). A later, richer and better defined concept of compensation appeared in Freud's work and continued in the French psychoanalytic tradition thanks to Lacan's work. Indeed, in Freud the notion of compensation goes from a neurological operation to remedy the imbalance of a dysfunctional neuronal function to anthropological and psychopathological analysis. According to him, the constraints of civilization would install in the individual a system of psychological compensation through diversions and sublimation but also harmful consumption. In other words, for the Freudian conception, the very act of harmful consumption would be in itself a compensation activity. Psychoanalytic tradition has developed this thought by Lacan's works on enjoyment. These foundations authorize to conceive the compensation in addictology as a behavior or process, supported by conscious and unconscious psychological mechanisms, which serves to modulate the lack of enjoyment following the break with an addictive practice. In its clinical use, this concept of compensation takes into account the primordial discordance between the social component, the moral constraints and the subjective need for an additional supply of enjoyment. By considering compensations as a solution of recovery of enjoyment for a given subject, the clinician gets a better understanding of the person's addictive trajectory and polysubstance use. This concept also permits the accompaniment of addict patients to improve: compensations are to be understood as the reconstruction of a lost mythical harmony, they can render clarity to the new inventions of the subject to mitigate the dismantling of this reconstruction during withdrawal and they also promote therapeutic creativity to temper the abrupt loss of enjoyment that ensues. In addition, the addictive trajectory of a subject is often marked by breaks in equilibrium with the product (withdrawal, reduced consumption) or polyconsumption that would lead to compensation. This raises specific concerns for researchers and practitioners as new consumption patterns involve implementing adapted strategies of support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Les auteurs montrent les difficultés d'analyse de l'évaluation d'un état antérieur chez les adultes ayant subi un attentat terroriste générateur d'un syndrome post-traumatique à l'origine d'un bouleversement du mode de fonctionnement psychique. La prise en compte d'un éventuel état antérieur est un moment important de l'expertise ; toutefois, le vécu traumatique des victimes doit être appréhendé dans sa totalité, avec le souci de tenir compte du besoin de reconnaissance de la victime. The authors show the difficulties of analyzing the evaluation of a previous state in adults who have suffered a terrorist attack generating post-traumatic syndrome causing a disruption of the psychic functioning mode. The taking into account of a possible previous state is an important moment of the expertise. However, the traumatic experience of the victims must be understood in its entirety with the concern to take into account the need for recognition of the victim. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the label psychiatry of the elderly is now set by the title of the option on the interns' training path, its identity is still disputed, with variable geometry and recognition. Hence the interest in questioning the paths leading to its autonomy, in making a critical historical analysis of it and in delimiting its areas of influence. To whom is it intended, who are the actors and what are its missions? The notion of identity makes it possible to outline psychotherapeutic and psychiatric care for the elderly by taking into account the psychic reality of the patient but also his institutional and social representations. The quality of care depends on the resources provided by a mental health policy in which the integration of ageing, mental handicap and dependence has not yet been achieved. The future of this subspecialty also depends on scientific, trade union and political orientations that go beyond an operational consensus in order to draw up an identity-based strategy of rupture and refounding. Its challenge is to have its originality and necessity recognized, to develop its professional attractiveness and to respond to the psychological and psychiatric care needs of a growing population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychopathology poses a risk for optimal parenting. The current study explored antenatal caregiving representations as markers for later risk of nonoptimal maternal behavior among mothers with severe mental illness. Sixty‐five mothers diagnosed with psychosis, bipolar disorder, depression (psychopathology group), and nonclinical controls participated in a longitudinal study from pregnancy to 16 weeks after birth. Mental health diagnoses and caregiving representations were assessed during pregnancy. Maternal behavior was assessed during the 5‐min recovery phase of the still‐face paradigm at 16 weeks. Mothers with psychopathology reported significantly higher levels of "heightened" caregiving representations (i.e., separation anxiety from the child) than did controls. The only significant diagnostic group difference in perinatal maternal behavior was that mothers diagnosed with depression exhibited more overriding‐intrusive behavior than did nonclinical control mothers. Regression modeling results showed that antenatal caregiving representations of "role reversal" predicted significantly lower levels of sensitivity and higher levels of overriding‐intrusive behavior independent of the effect of psychopathology. The findings can be interpreted in the context of representational transformation to motherhood during pregnancy. The results provide preliminary evidence for the potential of a new questionnaire measure of caregiving representations as a screening instrument for antenatal representational risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cognitive disorders in schizophrenia are highly correlated with the psychosocial level (e.g. relationships, quality of life and work). It has been shown that healthy relatives and people at ultrahigh risk also display cognitive dysfunctions albeit to a lesser degree. The cognitive impairment increases simultaneously with an acute phase and then reverts back to baseline levels. At the psychopathological level, negative symptoms and the disorganization syndrome show the strongest associations with cognitive deficits, whereby the extent of manifestation of deficits increases with increasing symptomatology. Cognitive remediation can improve the cognitive performance through training with small to moderate effects. With respect to drug therapy there is currently no drug with a positive effect on cognitive disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]