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Copyright of Humanitas: International Journal of Social Sciences / Uluslararasi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Humanitas: International Journal of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present work aims to present ideas about the notion of 'Mystery', based on the contributions of various thinkers from different areas of knowledge. It will focus especially on the experience itself, that is, on the human possibility of generating the mystical experience and conceptualizing the dimension from contact with it. Concepts such as 'Homo Mysticus' (Erich Neumann), 'Numinous' (Rudolf Otto), 'Synchronicity' and 'Self' (Carl G. Jung) will be developed, approaching them from a psychological perspective. A distinction between two different categories of contact is proposed in the article: violent experiences and subtle experiences. The referential framework of analytical psychology enables the possibility of a transcendent and immaterial realm creatively linked to psychic reality, as well as an attempt to understand it. The conceptualization of the symbolic from the Jungian worldview allows us to understand the experience of Mystery from a psychological point of view in relation to the surrounding world. The idea is even raised that the ultimate (and implicit) purpose of the analysis is the manifestation of Mystery, a general name that could encompass the different phenomenological experiences. Is it possible that such experiences occur in the cultural circumstances of the present? What place does Mystery occupy in these times? What forms could it take? By observing dreams, imaginations and synchronicities, experiences of the mysterious will be explored in the context of contemporary Jungian analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Many migrant birds have been returning to Europe earlier in spring since the 1980s. This has been attributed mostly to an earlier onset of spring in Europe, but we found the timing of Willow Warblers' passage to be influenced by climate indices for Africa as much as those for Europe. Willow Warblers' spring passage through northern Europe involves populations from different wintering quarters in Africa. We therefore expected that migration timing in the early, middle and late periods of spring would be influenced sequentially by climate indices operating in different parts of the winter range. Methods: Using data from daily mistnetting in 1 April-15 May over 1982-2017 at Bukowo (Poland, Baltic Sea coast), we derived an Annual Anomaly (AA, in days) of Willow Warbler spring migration. We decomposed this anomaly into three main periods (1-26 April, 27 April-5 May, 6-15 May); one-third of migrants in each period. We modelled three sequential time series of spring passage using calendar year and 15 large-scale climate indices averaged over the months of Willow Warblers' life stages in the year preceding spring migration as explanatory variables in multiple regression models. Nine climate variables were selected in the best models. We used these nine explanatory variables and calculated their partial correlations in models for nine overlapping sub-periods of AA. The pattern of relationships between AA in these nine sub-periods of spring and the nine climate variables indicated how spring passage had responded to the climate. We recommend this method for the study of birds' phenological responses to climate change. Results: The Southern Oscillation Index and Indian Ocean Dipole in Aug-Oct showed large partial correlations early in the passage, then faded in importance. For the Sahel Precipitation Index (PSAH) and Sahel Temperature Anomaly (TSAH) in Aug-Oct partial correlations occurred early then peaked in mid-passage; for PSAH (Nov-March) correlations peaked at the end of passage. NAO and local temperatures (April-May) showed low correlations till late April, which then increased. For the Scandinavian Index (Jun-Jul) partial correlations peaked in mid-passage. Year was not selected in any of the best models, indicating that the climate variables alone accounted for Willow Warblers' multiyear trend towards an earlier spring passage. Discussion: Climate indices for southern and eastern Africa dominated relationships in early spring, but western African indices dominated in mid- and late spring. We thus concluded that Willow Warblers wintering in southern and eastern Africa dominated early arrivals, but those from western Africa dominated later. We suggest that drivers of phenological shifts in avian migration are related to changes in climate at remote wintering grounds and at stopovers, operating with climate change in the north, especially for species with complex and long-distance migration patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advent of the Internet-of-Things brings new challenges in circuit design. The presence of circuits and sensors in harsh environments brought the need for methodologies that account for them. Since the beginning of the transistors, the temperature is known for having a significant impact on performance, and even though very low temperature sensitivity circuits have been proposed, no general methodology for designing them exists. This paper proposes a gm over Id technique for designing temperature-aware circuits that can be used either on measurement data, analytically, or based on simulation models. This model is validated using measurements up to 200°C of X-FAB XT018 transistors and later with a circuit design example.

This paper presents the first co-design analysis of 28GHz broadband single-pole double-throw (SPDT) distributed travelling wave RF switches implemented in a foundry 22nm fully-depleted silicon-on-insulator (FDSOI) CMOS technology, featuring 9KV full-chip human body model (HBM) electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection. This ESD-protected millimeter wave (mmWave) SPDT switch is designed for highly reliable above-6GHz $5^{\mathrm{ th}}$ -generation (5G) mobile systems, covering the n257 and n258 bands. Adverse influences of the inherent ESD-induced parasitic effects are characterized, revealing that the ESD effects can severely affect RF switch performance in mmWave bands. A new ESD-mmWave-switch co-design technique was developed to address this ESD design challenge for mmWave switches, which was validated in Si measurements, e.g., improving the switch insertion loss (IL) by ${\sim }4$ dB for the 28GHz SPDT travelling wave switches fabricated. This design also achieves the highest reported charged device model (CDM) ESD protection of ${\sim }1.84\text{A}$ in Si testing. This study proves that ESD-mmWave-switch co-design is critical to RF front-end designs for 5G mobile systems, which typically require robust ESD protection, but are also very sensitive to the inevitable ESD-induced parasitic effects.

Cet article fait appel à la sociologie interactionniste pour explorer les biographies et les carrières morales de deux anciennes zhiqing devenues, aux alentours de 2007, deux figures maternelles célèbres dans une blogosphère tongzhi dynamique. Leur rencontre avec de jeunes tongzhi a été à l'origine d'un mouvement de mobilisation de parents d'enfants à la sexualité considérée comme non conforme en Chine. En ancrant le militantisme tongzhi dans l'histoire de la Chine contemporaine et en reconstruisant deux processus parallèles du devenir militant, cet article cherche à mieux comprendre comment l'agentivité politique a vu le jour dans un contexte autoritaire tout en appelant à étudier les pratiques militantes comme des activités historicisées en quête de sens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, Latin America has observed the massification of so-called alternative spiritualities, such as the Nueva Era (New Age). This research sought to explore the Self of New Age participants within a neoliberal context of subjective transformation. Data was collected by semi-structured life history interviews carried out with six New Age practitioners from southern Chile. Content analysis of the interviewees'stories revealed dimensions in the participants'Self, such as: empowerment, search for fulfillment, reluctance of formal institutions, redemption, a therapist in relationships, which can be conceptualized based on neoliberal elements, resulting compatible with the idea of a spiritual entrepreneur and consumer present in this spirituality of self-worship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we demonstrate a ground plane (GP) based Selective Buried Oxide (SELBOX) Junctionless Transistor (JLT), named as GP-SELBOX-JLT. The use of GP and SELBOX in the proposed device reduces the electric field and enhances volume depletion in the channel, hence improves ION/IOFF ratio and scalability. Using calibrated 2-D simulation, we have shown that proposed device exhibits better Short Channel Effect (SHE) immunity as compared to SOI-JLT. Therefore, the proposed GP-SELBOX-JLT can be scaled without degrading the performance in sub 20 nm regime. In addition, the ac study has shown that the cutoff frequency (fT) of GP-SELBOX-JLT is almost equal to conventional SOI-JLT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Language & Literary Studies / Folia Linguistica & Litteraria is the property of Journal of Language & Literary Studies / Folia Linguistica & Litteraria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper proposed the high sensitive linear and rotational based differential capacitive inertial sensor. The designed sensor consists of a proof of mass, which resides in an air medium — the acceleration measured along with a change of displacement and the differential capacitance. Sensor modeling and simulation have done with CoventorWare software. SOIMUMPS fabrication process has described because it allows pattern on both sides of an SOI wafer. Solid mechanics and electrostatic analysis have applied for measurement of acceleration. The high sensitivity of 981.28fF/g has observed. The simulated results have tabulated. Finally, performance and future scope of the inertial sensor has discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study addresses the indirect-link between Lake Urmia water level (WL) and two Large-scale Atmospheric Oscillations (LSAO) using quantile regression. The Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) are used as alternative LSAO to be investigated for this aim. Hence, the relationship between the LSAO indices and the WL data records from 1966 to 2016 is interpreted using frequentist- and Bayesian quantile regressing models. Initially, the WL is standardized to increase the comparability between the WL and the LSAO. Afterward, the shift-, mono-, and multiple-trend line techniques are applied to eliminate the potential trends and prevent large inconsistencies in the WL time-series. The results indicate that the SOI has more impact compared to the NAO on the WL fluctuations. The regression coefficients associated with the SOI-WL link show a relatively positive increase from low to high quantile levels. Similarly, the positive phase of SOI shows lagged synchronization with the WL rise in the lake. Despite the lower quantiles, the remaining quantiles show near-zero values associated with the SOI-WL link. It is also observed that the positive phase of the NAO roughly causes an increase and a decrease in the WL obtained from the mono- and multiple-trend line methods, respectively. The WL obtained for the shift- and mono-de-trending techniques are alternatively projected either to decrease or increase at different quantiles of the SOI. It is concluded that the LSOA patterns have a range of decreasing and increasing impacts on the lake WL at different phases and quantiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The characteristics of two design-technology versions of a silicon metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) silicon on insulator (SOI) transistor with a source-aligned substrate contact, with one or two polysilicon gate layers are compared. Numerical simulation shows that transistors with a double-layer polysilicon gate have improved reliability, an increased processing speed, and higher resistance to ionizing radiation. The self-aligned fabrication technology of transistors with a dependent pocket contact and double-layer polysilicon gate is proposed, which makes it possible to implement transistors with a large gate width-to-length ratio (to 100 and higher). The described design-technology features of transistor fabrication allow additional control of the transistor channel, improvement in its characteristics, and expansion of the field of application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work addresses the origin of the transient body potential variation in silicon on insulator (SOI) with deposited metal contacts, under back-gate bias sweep from accumulation to inversion. The phenomenon arises from the difficulty to inject carriers into the silicon film due to the Schottky contact between the metal and the low p-type doped silicon. The Schottky diode current is controlled by the back-gate voltage, which fixes the potential at the bottom of the low-doped film. When the back-gate voltage drives the silicon film towards inversion, the limited current from the Schottky contact induces a deficit of minority carriers in the film and brings the body potential in an out-of-equilibrium regime. This phenomenon will be reproduced with numerical modelling based on Poisson and continuity equations, including the quasi-Fermi potential. The transient character and its dependence on the Schottky barrier height will be evidenced. A simple and effective combination of the classic Schottky current equation and inversion current calculated from the Lambert function, as in fully depleted (FD)-SOI MOSFETs, confirms the origin of the effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cette contribution théorique discute de l'intégration d'un « soi territorial » aux côtés des soi minimal et narratif classiquement décrits par la phénoménologie contemporaine et utilisés par la psychopathologie phénoménologique. Nous partons de l'expérience schizophrénique et des outils de compréhension de celle-ci pour mettre en évidence certaines limitations s'inscrivant autour du recours au discours dans le dispositif clinique pour évoquer des phénomènes a priori pré-langagiers. Ce cheminement théorique, qui a pour incidence de rendre nécessaire une ouverture à l'observation clinique et à l'intersubjectivité, conduit à des implications nosographiques et thérapeutiques qui nous semblent utiles à la perspective phénoménologique. D'un point de vue nosographique, nous discutons des recouvrements (non systématiques) entre expérience schizophrénique et expérience psychotique alors que, d'un point de vue thérapeutique, la proposition du soi territorial permet d'insister sur le fait que la relation clinique se caractérise, tant par une analyse de l'expérience et un discours à son propos, que par une pratique et un vécu expérientiel conjoints nécessitant le partage d'un espace commun. La proposition théorique du « soi territorial » se révèle féconde et heuristique pour approfondir les débats nosographiques dans le domaine de la psychose, et pour contribuer à une réflexion sur la pratique de la psychothérapie. This theoretical paper discusses the integration of a "territorial self" alongside the minimal and narrative selves most commonly described by contemporary phenomenology and used by phenomenological psychopathology. We start from the schizophrenic experience and the tools for understanding it, in order to highlight some limitations in the use of vocal communication within the clinical system to evoke phenomena that are a priori pre-linguistic. This theoretical path, which requires an openness to clinical observation and intersubjectivity, leads to nosographic and therapeutic implications that seem useful to us from a phenomenological perspective. From a nosographic standpoint, we discuss the (non-systematic) crossovers between the schizophrenic experience and the psychotic experience; whereas, from a therapeutic standpoint, the proposal of the territorial self allows us to insist on the fact that the clinical relationship is characterized as much by an analysis of experience and a discussion about it as it is by a joint practice and an experiential experience requiring a common ground. The "territorial self" proves to be a fruitful and heuristic theoretical proposal, enriching nosographic debates in the field of psychosis, and contributing to a reflection on the practice of psychotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High concentration of Boron and Phosphorus elements are required in diffusion process during the fabrication of semiconductor devices such as diode and transistor based on Silicon On Insulator (SOI) wafer. Achieving high level of these elements’ concentration is the entry point for further research in the field of electronics. For this reason, the concentration of the both elements was tested by flowing Boron and Phosphorus gas with flow rate of 1.5 litre per minute into the Nitrogen furnace for 5 minutes towards the surface of the SOI wafer samples at temperatures of 880, 900 and 950 degrees Celsius. This test was carried out at Michiharu Tabe Laboratory, Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan. Furthermore, the resistivity measurements of samples with Boron and Phosphorus doping were carried out. The results of resistivity were then converted to obtain the concentrations of Boron and Phosphorus on the surface of SOI wafer sample. From the concentration and temperature data, it is obtained the modelling of concentration to temperature function for Boron and Phosphorus. The modelling results show that there is a linear correlation between high concentrations of Boron and Phosphorus to temperature.

This paper presents design and analysis of a 28GHz broadband single-pole double-throw (SPDT) distributed travelling-wave radio-frequency (RF) switch designed in a foundry 22nm fully-depleted silicon-on-insulator (FDSOI) CMOS technology. The 28GHz SPDT transmitter-receiver (TRx) switch covers the n257 and n258 bands of the fifth-generation (5G) mobile wireless systems. Measurements show compatible switch performance to similar millimeter-wave (mm-wave) RF switches of various topologies designed in compound semiconductor high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) and Si bulk CMOS technologies. The SPDT switches achieve the highest reported 9KV ESD protection in measurements. It reveals that the ESD-induced parasitic effects have substantial impacts on mm-wave broadband RF switches. Careful ESD-RFIC co-design is suggested for designing 5G RF switches in above-6GHz bands.

Four process flow options for Complementary-Field Effect Transistors (C-FET), using different designs and starting substrates (Si bulk, Silicon-On-Insulator, or Double-SOI), were compared to assess the probability of process variation failures. The study was performed using virtual fabrication techniques without requiring fabrication of any actual test wafers. In the study, Nanosheet-on-Nanosheet stacked channels provided superior process integration robustness compared to Nanowire-On-Fin stacked channels. For the Nanowire-On-Fin option, using an SOI substrate as the starting material (compared to Si bulk or DSOI) also strongly reduced process variation failure rates.

We introduce experimental results of the I-V degradation characteristics of a Silicon SOI technology for RF applications when stressed under both; a 28 GHz and a DC stress input signals. Then we compare the effect of DC and RF stress on threshold voltage, transconductance, and drain current capability. We observe that reliability under RF stress is gate voltage dependent, and in some cases an improvement (“healing”) of the I-V characteristics is observed. A hypothetical explanation for the degradation/enhancement under RF stress is attributed to a self-heating and self-healing (SH2) mechanism. The degradation mechanism is also simulated, and the reliability model tested, with Cadence.

Charged device model (CDM) electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection remains a huge challenge for integrated circuit (IC) reliability designs. The “internal-oriented” CDM model and the “external-oriented” human body model (HBM) describe fundamentally different ESD phenomena. Through the comprehensive analysis, this article concludes that the classic pad-based ESD protection methods, commonly used for “from-external-to-internal” HBM ESD protection, are theoretically not working for “from-internal-to-external” CDM ESD protection. It states that the actual internal distribution of static charges within a chip is vitally critical to CDM ESD protection. The discovery explains the potential root cause of the randomness and uncertainty of pad-based CDM ESD protection designs commonly observed today, hence calls for new CDM ESD protection solutions.

High Q-factor inductors are critical in designing high performance RF/microwave circuits on SOI technology. Substrate losses is a key limiting factor when designing inductors with high Q-factors. In this context, we report a substrate engineering method that enables improvement of quality factors of already fabricated inductors on SOI. A novel femtosecond laser milling process is utilized for the fabrication of locally suspended membranes of inductors with handler silicon completely etched. Such flexible membranes suspended freely on the BOX show up to 92 % improvement in Q-factor for single turn inductor. The improvement in Q-factor is reported on large sized inductors due to reduced parallel capacitance which allows enhanced operation of inductors at high frequencies. A compact model extraction methodology has been developed to model inductor membranes. These membranes have been utilized for the improvement of noise performance of LNA working in the 4.9 - 5.9 GHz range. A 0.1 dB improvement in noise figure has been reported by taking an existing design and suspending the input side inductors of the LNA circuit. The substrate engineering method reported in this work is not only applicable to inductors but also to active circuits, making it a powerful tool for enhancement of RF devices.

The content of the article is based on the results of an analytical review of foreign and domestic scientific and applied research, as well as the author’s own developments on the specific features and the role of land and soil in the provision of ecosystem services. The latter are the benefits and goods that people receive as a result of the functioning and economic use of soil and land resources, contributing to the improvement of their well-being, as well as the sustainable existence of terrestrial ecosystems. The dualist role of land and soil performing, on the one hand, economic, environmental, sanitary and hygienic, territorial-organizational and other functions, on the other hand, being a recognized form of natural capital with an accumulated stock of value, is considered. It is proposed despite the physical unity of land and soil, when valuing them, be considered separately, determining the value of soil from the standpoint of their ecological functions, and the land – the spatial basis, life support and habitat, and also as an integral part of utility and profitability of land use. The possibilities of assessing land and soil ecosystem services are analysed on the basis of the concept of their common economic value and the prospects for applying its results in environmental management practice and statistical accounting of the natural capital.

Embedded machine learning, TinyML, is a relatively new and fast-growing field of ML, enabling on-device sensor data analytics at low power requirements. This paper presents possible improvements to GMOS, a gas sensor, using TinyML technology. GMOS is a low-cost catalytic gas sensor, fabricated with the standard CMOS-SOI process, based on a suspended thermal transistor MOS (TMOS). Exothermic combustion reactions lead to temperature increases, which modify the suspended transistor’s (used as the sensing element) current-voltage characteristics. We were able to use GMOS measurements for gas classification (both for gas types, as well as concentration), resulting in high-proficiency gas detection at a low cost. Our preliminary results show great successes in the detection of ethanol and acetone gases. Moreover, we believe the method could be generalized to more gas types, concentrations, and gas mixes in future research.

Freshwater is a critical input to estuaries but is under increasing demand to support upstream human activities. In this study, otolith biochronology was used to quantify the relationship between river discharge and juvenile growth rates of barramundi (Lates calcarifer) in three regions of the Gulf of Carpentaria in northern Australia. In all regions, river discharge had a strong positive effect on juvenile growth rates. Models were also developed which incorporated the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO). SOI values corresponding to La Niña events had strong positive consequences for juvenile barramundi growth rates in all regions, and the intensity of positive wet season MJO pulses had a strong positive effect on growth rates in the perennially flowing river, but not the intermittently flowing rivers. The consequences of three hypothetical water development scenarios were estimated for the perennial river. The model predicted a 12%, 8% and 1% reduction in annual barramundi growth rates under proposed scenarios for 18%, 8%, and 3% reduction in river discharge, respectively. Fish growth is a robust, quantitative metric that can be monitored pre and post water resource development to identify the least impactful development scenario and monitor its compliance and success through time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inference studies from body mass during the non-breeding season are rare in seabirds due to methodological difficulties to sample individuals. Here, we used 12 years of data collected from 2000 to 2019 on about 6800 birds mist-netted at La Somone, Senegal along the East Atlantic Flyway to examine the role of intrinsic and environmental factors in explaining body mass variation in both Common Sterna hirundo and Roseate S. dougallii Terns. Most captured terns were subadults and adults aged three years and older, although ca. 22% of trapped Common Terns were immatures aged one–two years. Mean body mass values of Common and Roseate Terns were substantially lower than published values reported from European breeding sites. In both species, females were, on average, lighter than males, and in the Common Tern, immatures were also lighter than older individuals. Based on the subset of recoveries of birds initially marked at birth in Europe, we found significant differences in body mass according to natal origin in Common Terns but not in Roseate Terns. The variations reported for the former species were mainly attributed to size, with lighter and smaller individuals originating from the British Isles, intermediate individuals from western/central Europe, and heavier and larger birds from Fennoscandian countries. Capture date, used as a proxy measure of timing of migration, showed a strong covariation with body mass in both species. In fact, as the spring season progressed, mist-netted birds became progressively heavier, irrespective of age and natal origin. This suggests that earlier and lighter migrants may have opted for a more protracted migration duration involving more frequent and/or longer refueling periods. Conversely, late migrants needed greater body reserves to achieve the return journey to the colonies within a shorter period to arrive on time for the breeding season. Global climate phenomena such as the North Atlantic and Southern Oscillation indices did not explain inter-annual variations in body mass during the course of this study. Overall, our results suggest that, during the non-breeding season, body mass in these two long-distance migratory species is mainly shaped by intrinsic factors and inter-individual variation in migration strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Lublin Studies in Modern Languages & Literature / Lubelskie Materialy Neofilologiczne is the property of Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Department of German & Applied Linguistics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The temporal trend of aboveground net primary production (ANPP) is frequently used to estimate the effect of humans on ecosystems. In water‐limited ecosystems, like most grazing areas in the world, the effect of humans act upon ANPP in combination with environmental variations. Our main objective was to quantify long‐term (1981–2012) changes of ANPP and discriminate the causes of these changes between environmental and human at a subcontinental scale, across vast areas of Patagonia. We estimated ANPP through a radiative model based on remote sensing data. Then, we evaluated the relation between ANPP and environmental interannual variations of two hierarchically related factors: El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) through the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), and precipitation. We described the effect of humans through the shape of the temporal trends of the residuals (RESTREND) of the environmental model and quantified human relative impact through the RESTREND: ANPP trend ratio. ANPP interannual variation was significantly explained by ENSO (through SOI) and precipitation in 65% of the study area. The SOI had a positive association with annual precipitation. The association between ANPP and annual precipitation was positive. RESTREND analysis was statistically significant in 92% of the area where the tested environmental model worked, representing 60% of the study area, and it was mostly negative. However, its magnitude, revealed through the RESTREND: ANPP trend ratio, was relatively mild. Our analysis revealed that most of ANPP trends were associated with climate and that even when human density is low, its incidence seems to be mainly negative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The self is a crucial component of the psychic life and plays a central role for the adaptation to the environment. In daily life, this adaptative function is ensured, inter alia, by numerous biases filtering information and favoring those which are self-related. After succinctly reviewing the most documented among them which are affective and mnesic biases, the current paper provides a critical review of literature about a bias which is supposed to be perceptive, the self-prioritization effect (SPE). That has been revealed by Sui et al. (2012, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 38(5), 1105) with an astute matching task and consists in the fact that arbitrarily tagging shapes to a word referring to the participant (e.g., you--square) leads to faster and more accurate responses as compared to shapes tagged to a word referring to another identity (e.g., strange--circle). The methodological variations of this task and the SPE's both extension and putative origins will be presented, as well as the restrictions which border it, related to the individuals, to the experimental situation and to some more general properties of the self. Finally, some avenues for future research will be proposed, drawing some promising paths: beyond being a robust and intriguing phenomenon, SPE can indeed be considered as a convenient tool to assess some mechanisms underlying social cognition, in various fields using an experimental approach such as developmental psychology and social psychology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Yijing (Book of Changes) occupied a very significant position in C.G. Jung's mind, which was closely related to Richard Wilhelm's active recommendation and introduction of the Yijing wisdom. Inspired by the Yijing, Jung set forth the 'principle of synchronicity', by which scholars tend to discuss the relationship between Yijing and Jungian psychology. In fact, Jungian analytical psychology conceives in-depth onto-cosmological connotations corresponding to the philosophy of the Yijing. The terms invented or employed by Jung such as 'archetype', 'Self', 'individuation', 'mandala,' 'anima and animus', 'persona and shadow' are interrelated with the connotations of Taiji (Supreme Ultimate) (○) and liang yi (two-mode) () in the Yijing philosophy. A comparative study of the two disciplines can help us gain a more comprehensive and deeper understanding of both, and further improve the exchanges of Eastern and Western cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growth dynamics of Aspidosperma polyneuron and Anacardium excelsum species that grow in the tropical dry forest of the Cesar department were analyzied. We used dendrochronological techniques and regression models (Clench, Negative Exponential, Logistic and Gompertz). The results obtained show that A. polyneuron rings allowed to build a chronology of 161 years (1854-2014) and the rings of A. excelsum a chronology of 128 years (1887-2014). The growth of A. polyneuron showed a positive growth with spontaneous rain in the dry months and A. excelsum with the rainiest months. Temperature and SOI did not show correlations with growth. The rings of A. polyneuron and A. excelsum documented local climatic variations, but not global as SOI. According to the regression models, the two species will take more than 100 years to reach the maximum diameter, so it is necessary to think about the conservation of the species and the avoided deforestation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of hot-carrier degradation (HCD) on lateral trap distribution within the device channel is experimentally investigated for gate-all-around nanowire (NW) nFETs. In particular, using drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL) as the parameter, the damage caused by hot-carriers (HCs) is monitored for devices with different geometries, including fin width and gate length. It is observed that with the change in NW width, different degrading mechanisms alter the trap distribution during the application of hot-carrier stress. The trap distribution profile which is found to peak at the drain for very narrow NWs gradually turns uniform as width increases. Interestingly, the carrier location and localization remain the same irrespective of the gate lengths of the NWs. In order to understand the implications of device scaling on HC reliability of advanced CMOS devices, the relative contribution of degradation caused by single and multi carriers degradation process is studied. Both the mechanisms are shown to significantly affect the HC damage profile by causing either highly localized or uniform damage along the device channel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a novel sturcture of planar Silicon on Insulator Junctionless transistor is proposed with improved ION/IOFF ratio, Short Channel effects (SCEs) and most importantly, it is scaleable. A highly doped pocket (p-type) will form PN junction at its interface with n-type channel and hence referred to as pocket doped Silicon on Insulator Junctionless transistor (PD-SOI-JLT). A highly doped region in the channel helps to produce full depletion in the OFF state. A 2D Calibrated simulation study has shown an ION/IOFF ratio 105 in PD-SOI-JLT device comapred to conventional SOI-JLT device for gate length of 20 nm. Further, the use of PN junction isolation reduces the lateral electric field and hence improves the SCE performance of the proposed device as compared to conventional SOI-JLT. Besides this, the ac analysis has shown that the transconductance and Cutoff Frequency of the proposed device is at par with the conventional device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present article, the modeling of subthreshold current of asymmetric silicon-on-insulator (SOI) Junctionless Field Effect Transistors (JLFETs) is done. The switching properties are further investigated by formulating the subthreshold swing characteristics based on the minimum potential concept. The model adopts the effect of substrate-induced surface potential (SISP) effect as well as source/drain depletion region with necessary changes in the boundary conditions at the silicon-buried oxide (BOX) interface. The developed model is beneficial for the optimization of low power switching characteristics for SOI JLFETs. The model results are validated with the numerical simulation results obtained from Sentaurus TCAD simulator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecologists have long acknowledged the importance of context dependency related to position along spatial gradients. It is also acknowledged that broad‐scale climate patterns can directly and indirectly alter population dynamics. What is not often addressed is whether climate patterns such as the Southern Oscillation interact with population‐level temporal patterns and affect the ability of time‐series data, such as long‐term state of the environment monitoring programmes, to detect change. Monitoring design criteria generally focus on number of data points, sampling frequency and duration, often derived from previous information on species seasonal and multi‐year temporal patterns. Our study questioned whether the timing of any changes relative to Southern Oscillation, interacting with species populations dynamics, would also be important. We imposed a series of simulated reductions on macrofaunal abundance data collected regularly over 29 years from two sites, using species selected for observed differences in temporal dynamics. We hypothesized that (1) high within‐year sampling frequency would increase detection ability for species with repeatable seasonality cycles and (2) timing of the reduction in abundance relative to the Southern Oscillation was only likely to affect detection ability for long‐lived species with multi‐year cyclic patterns in abundance. However, regardless of species population dynamics, we found both within‐year sampling frequency and the timing of the imposed reduction relative to the Southern Oscillation Index affected detection ability. The latter result, while apparently demonstrating a confounding influence on monitoring, offers the opportunity to improve our ability to detect and interpret analyses of monitoring data, and thus our ability to make recommendations to managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Il est courant, dans les recherches en sciences humaines, sociales et politiques, de qualifier l'ère actuelle par le signe de « post-vérité ». Considérant la discontinuité entre discours et vérité aujourd'hui, cet article vise à identifier sous quels régimes de vérité la force du vrai est en déclin et à souligner certains apports d'auteurs de la tradition psychanalytique pour réfléchir à l'engagement des sujets dans les discours de vérité. Dans une perspective historique, nous recourrons à l'analyse de Foucault pour identifier, dans la notion de « force du vrai », une conception de la vérité située entre savoir et pouvoir. Ensuite, sont présentées, sur la base des propositions théoriques de Freud et de Deleuze et Guattari, (1) une lecture portant sur l'actuel déclin de la vérité, ainsi que, à partir de la contribution de Lacan, (2) des possibilités de relever les dimensions de l'altérité et des limites du discursif dans l'expérience de la vérité. Compte tenu de la faillite des régimes modernes de vérité basés sur le modèle de la connaissance et le détachement des subjectivités de l'indexation de leur discours sur le plan de la vérité, nous identifions l'ascension d'un narcissisme des petites différences et d'une modalité de fascisme qui soumet les différences à un principe d'identité. Au vu de ce scénario, nous constatons, dans l'approche psychanalytique, combien l'autre occupe une place incontournable comme différence dans l'expérience de la vérité. Cette perspective récupère une autre tradition de la vérité, qui, associée à un travail de soi sur soi-même, implique la possibilité de transformation du sujet. En problématisant l'expérience de la vérité qui repose sur la connaissance, étant déterminée par une tradition métaphysique de l'âme (psykhé), c'est-à-dire, en définissant l'ontologie comme une manière d'être du sujet, nous soulignons d'autres possibilités de subjectivation de la vérité basées sur la dimension de la vie (bíos) et de l'existence. En concevant le dire vrai dans la psychanalyse à partir de la lecture de Lacan, nous nous demandons dans quelle mesure cette perspective réintroduit aujourd'hui la question de la force du vrai dans le domaine d'une réflexion éthique. En favorisant le retour de la vérité par le biais d'une clinique du sujet, la contribution de Lacan à la psychanalyse permet d'établir une critique des formes de subjectivation aujourd'hui fondées sur le principe de l'identité, et de redéfinir la place de l'altérité dans les discours de vérité. La détermination des limites du dire dans l'appréhension du réel ne donne pas tellement lieu à un renoncement à l'expérience de la vérité, puisque, outre qu'elle est inscrite dans la tradition de la connaissance, celle-ci peut se situer dans une démarche esthétique, dans laquelle la force du vrai engendre une stylistique de l'existence. It has become a commonplace in research in human, social, and political sciences to refer to the current era as being one of "post-truth". Considering the discontinuity between discourse and truth today, this article aims to identify under which regimes the force of truth is in decline and to indicate some contributions of authors from the psychoanalytic tradition, in order to reflect on the engagement of subjects in discourses of truth. From a historical perspective, we refer to Foucault's analysis to identify, in the notion of "force of truth", a conception of truth established between knowing and power. Then, we propose, based on the theoretical propositions of Freud and of Deleuze and Guattari, (1) an interpretation of the current decline of the truth, and, from Lacan's contributions; (2) possibilities for emphasising the dimensions of otherness and of the limits of the discursive in the experience of truth. Given the failure of modern regimes of truth based on the knowledge model and the detachment of subjectivities from the discourses of truth, we identify the rise of a narcissism of small differences and a modality of fascism that submits differences to a principle of identity. Considering this scenario, the psychoanalytic approach demonstrates how powerfully the other occupies an unavoidable place of difference in the experience of truth. This perspective recovers another tradition of truth, which, associated with the subject's work on her/himself, implies the possibility of subjective transformation. By problematising the experience of truth based on knowledge and determined by a metaphysical tradition of the soul (psykhé), that is, by defining ontology as the subject's way of being, we highlight other possibilities of the subjectivation of truth based on the dimension of life (bíos) and of existence. By conceiving of telling the truth in psychoanalysis according to Lacan's reading, we question how this perspective reintroduces the question of the force of truth in the field of ethical discussion. By promoting the return of truth through a clinical investigation of the subject, Lacan's contribution to psychoanalysis allows us to establish a critique of contemporary forms of subjectivation based on the principle of identity, and to redefine the place of otherness in discourses of truth. The determination of the limits of speech in the apprehension of the real does not give rise to a renunciation of the experience of truth, since, besides being inscribed in the tradition of knowledge, it can be situated in an aesthetic approach, in which the force of truth engenders stylistics of existence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, high-performance In2Se3/Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) heterojunction field-effect transistor photodetector is fabricated. The In2Se3/Si heterostructure phototransistor exhibits dual-band detection with a maximum responsivity of 12 A/W and 41 A/W for illumination of 405 nm and 800 nm wavelengths, respectively. This phototransistor has shown a lower noise-equivalent power of 6.8 fW.Hz−1/2 and higher detectivity of 2.9 × 1013cm.Hz−1/2W−1. Flicker noise dominates the In2Se3/SOI phototransistor with a corner frequency of 3 Hz. The device’s enhanced performance is due to the improved synergistic effect with efficient electron-hole dissociation in the heterojunction. This heterostructure based photodetector can be of great interest for dual-band (Ultra-violet and visible) detection in imaging, optical communication and healthcare applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a 148-GHz coupled loop fundamental oscillator with a quad-feed octagonal slot antenna. The proposed loop configuration with a multi-feed antenna leads to each oscillator experiencing multiple injected signals. An analysis is performed to explain the dynamics of the coupled loop oscillator in the presence of multiple signal-injection paths. It is shown that the proposed oscillator configuration will only operate with $- \pi /2$ phase between the adjacent oscillators. This phase difference is necessary for the quad-feed antenna to combine and radiate the output power from the four single-ended oscillators in the loop. The output from each oscillator is ac coupled to the following oscillator stage using a phase compensating capacitor, whose value is selected to enhance the oscillation frequency of the coupled loop. The use of buffer stages is avoided in favor of a passive power feed network for extraction of the output power from each oscillator. The proposed oscillator is fabricated in a 22-nm FDSOI process and has a 0.5-mm2 chip area. The measured peak effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) of the oscillator is 9.7 dBm with a corresponding dc-EIRP efficiency of 34.3% when operating from a 0.8-V supply. To the authors’ knowledge, this dc-EIRP efficiency is the highest among reported oscillators to date operating between 100 and 200 GHz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A composite analysis is used to evaluate the teleconnections between the long term (June-August) rainfall anomalies with east and west phases of quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in the stratospheric zonal winds from 1979-2017. Applying the lower equatorial stratospheric zonal wind index in JJA rainfall prediction is based on its tendency to persist for several months after the phase change from easterly to westerly and vice versa. Below normal condition rainfall used to coin drought. This study is important because, the Upper Blue Nile region is one of the most inviting areas for different activities like agriculture and hydroelectric power; therefore, timely prediction of June-August rainfall serves farmers and other concerned sectors. The aim of this analysis is to establish the global signal quasi-biennial oscillation contribution alone at different time lags and its association among Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) for estimation June-August rainfall of the Upper Blue Nile. The rainfall used as predictand while quasi-biennial oscillation & SOI datasets are used as predictors in regression model after testing collinearity of these two independent variables. Performance of regression model and actual value is tested by using statistical techniques: Root Mean Square Error, Mean Absolute Error and bias. The performance is seen reasonably high between actual and estimated values show strong agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The semiconductor industry is undergoing a transformative phase, marked by the relentless drive for miniaturization and a constant demand for higher performance and energy efficiency. However, the reduction of metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor sizes for advanced technology nodes below 10 nm presents several challenges. In response, strained silicon technology has emerged as a key player, exploiting strain induction in the silicon crystal lattice to improve device performance. At the same time, there has been a growing need for characterization techniques that allow in-line monitoring of sample conditions during semiconductor manufacturing, as an alternative to traditional methods such as transmission electron microscopy or high-resolution X-ray diffraction, which have several limitations in terms of measurement time and sample destructiveness. This paper explores the application of advanced spectroscopic characterization techniques, in particular µ-Raman spectroscopy and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), to meet the evolving needs of the semiconductor industry for quality control and failure analysis, increasingly requiring faster and non-destructive characterization techniques. µ-Raman provides insight into strain values and distributions of strained layers with different thicknesses and germanium concentrations, but its lateral resolution is constrained by the Abbe diffraction limit. TERS, on the other hand, emerges as a powerful non-destructive technique capable of overcoming diffraction limits by exploiting the combination of an atomic force microscope with a Raman spectrometer. This breakthrough makes it possible to estimate the chemical composition and induced strain in the lattice by evaluating the Raman peak position shifts in strained and unstrained silicon layers, providing crucial insights for nanoscale strain control. In particular, this paper focuses on the TERS characterization of Si0.7Ge0.3 epitaxial layers grown on a silicon-on-insulator device, demonstrating the effectiveness of this technique and the high lateral resolution that can be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The gate-induced drain leakage (GIDL) in stacked nanowire transistors for temperatures of operation between 300 K and 580 K is experimentally assessed for devices with different channel lengths and fin widths. • The temperature rise increases the current due to GIDL and its dependence on the device width. • For a fixed negative gate voltage the channel length reduction increases the GIDL current for nanowires independent of the temperature, except for devices suffering from threshold voltage roll-off due to short-channel effect. • Three-dimensional TCAD simulations showed that drain leakage is mainly composed of band-to-band tunneling rather than junction leakage, even at high temperatures. • The band-to-band generation rate intensity is larger in the bottom nanowire, with Ω-gate architecture than in the top GAA nanowire. • Band-to-band generation becomes higher as length is reduced and fin width is increased and is larger in the drain extension and gate overlap regions. • The temperature rise changes valence and conduction energy levels causing the reduction of the lateral distance between the two levels, favoring the transversal band-to-band tunneling. This paper presents a comprehensive experimental analysis of the gate-induced drain leakage (GIDL) in two-level stacked nanowire SOI nMOSFETs for operating temperatures between 300 K and 580 K. Devices with different channel lengths and fin widths were measured. The results show that temperature rise increases the GIDL current for stacked nanowire transistors and its dependence on nanowire width. For a fixed gate voltage, the channel length reduction increases the GIDL current except in the presence of short-channel length. Three-dimensional TCAD simulations were performed, and the band-to-band generation was extracted for devices with different channel lengths, widths, and temperatures. The temperature rise increases valence and conduction energy levels, being more pronounced in the first, which causes the reduction of the lateral distance between the two levels, finally favoring the transversal band-to-band tunneling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thermo-optic phase shifter (TOPS) using metal heaters is widely used in various integrated photonics devices for its advantages of simple fabrication, low loss, and low cost. While folded waveguides are commonly employed to enhance the performance of these phase shifters, a comprehensive understanding of how varying the number of folds and the dimensions of heaters impact the device's performance is still lacking. In this paper, we conducted a comprehensive comparison and optimization into the impact of the number of folded waveguides and the width of heater on the performance of folded waveguide thermo-optic phase shifter (FW-TOPS) on silicon nitride (SiN) and silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platforms using the finite element method (FEM). The research has revealed that both the number of waveguides and the width of the heater exert a substantial influence on the performance of FW-TOPS, particularly on platforms with low refractive index contrast. In cases where the number of waveguides is the same, and the width of the heater electrode is identical, the comparison indicates that on the SiN platform, the FW-TOPS in waveguide Combination 2 (waveguide 1 is a single-mode waveguide, while waveguide 2 is a multi-mode waveguide) exhibits superior overall performance, compared to waveguide Combination 1 (both waveguide 1 and waveguide 2 are single-mode waveguides). However, on the SOI platform, FW-TOPS with waveguide Combination 1 demonstrates better overall performance compared to waveguide Combination 2. Furthermore, the simulation results indicate that although air trenches can significantly reduce the power consumption of the FW-TOPS, they also lead to a substantial decrease in the response speed. Therefore, on the 300 nm-thick SiN and 220 nm-thick SOI platforms, air trenches do not effectively enhance the overall performance of the FW-TOPS. • Both the number of waveguides and the width of the heater exert a substantial influence. • SiN and SOI platforms exhibit opposite behaviors. • Air trench has little effect on the improvement of the overall performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impacts of line edge roughness (LER) and temperature effect on single event transient (SET) in Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) FinFET at 14 nm technology node are studied. Based on the calibrated model of the rectangle FinFET, all of possible fin structures induced by LER in the vertical direction are proposed by considering the correlation between the line edges. When an energetic particle hits, due to the corporate effects of the gate control capability from the equivalent gate width and the current density from the cross section, thin fin shape represents more immunity to SET with the relative decrement in current peak, collected charge, deposited charge, pulse width and bipolar amplification coefficient by 23.78 %, 31.61 %, 19.16 %, 23.77 % and 15.40 %, respectively. However, the SET responses of big bottom and fat fin structures indicate that they are more sensitive to SET. Because of the driven current increase induced by the inversion of the temperature effect in FinFET, as the environment temperature increases, the SET responses of all of fin shapes decrease and their relative decrements are close. When the temperature increases from 258K to 398K, the average relative decrements in current peak, and collected charge are 24.22 %, 20.90 %, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a theoretical analysis of the impact of injection timing on the parameters of the combustion process and the com-position of exhaust gas from a 4-stroke engine designed to shipbuilding. The analysis was carried out based on a three-dimensional multi-zone model of the combustion process. This model has been prepared on the basis of properties of the research facility. The input data to the model were obtained through laboratory tests. Results of calculations showed that the change of the start of injection angle (SOI) from the value of 14 degrees before TDC to 22 degrees before TDC results in changes in the combustion rate and thus an increase in the temperature of the combustion process as well as the increase of nitric oxides fraction in the exhaust gas. Simultaneously the maximum combustion pressure increases also.

Based on commercial 0.2 μm SOI RF process platform, the influence of stack, width, bias resistance and bias voltage on scatter parameter characteristics of test structure for SOI RF switch application is investigated, including series branch, shunt branch, single-pole-single-throw, and single-pole-double-throw. The impacts of different design on RF switch insertion loss and isolation are discussed in detail. The result can be reference as device optimization and circuit design.