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Performance and lifetime analysis of electrospray thrusters requires accurate knowledge of the mass and charge distributions of the plume. Mass flux and current density distributions were measured for a single capillary electrospray emitter using EMI-Im and found to be substantially different across a wide range of flow rates and emission voltages. Mass flux measurements yield an n∼3 super-Gaussian profile across all flow rates and voltages, while current density measurements change shape from n∼1.5– 2.5 super-Gaussian profiles monotonically with decreasing flow rate, where n=1 is Gaussian and higher n values correspond to increasingly more flat-top “super-Gaussian” profiles with steeper drop-off toward higher angles. For increasing flow rate, the mass flux profile grows while maintaining its shape, whereas the current density profile exhibits higher kurtosis, i.e., plumes that distribute proportionately more charge to higher angles. Additionally, higher extraction voltages exhibited tilted emission that led to highly off-axis plumes, ∼10°, for both mass flux and current density. Lifetime and performance assessments of electrospray thrusters must consider that mass flux and current density in the plume display different distribution shapes and trends in shape across changes in extraction voltage and flow rate.

The practicum is internationally recognised as a valuable component of teacher education. It is an opportunity for pre-service teachers to develop teaching skills in authentic ways and pursue professional inquiry into practice. While extensive research has been conducted into the practicum generally, little research focuses on the practicum experience for pre-service drama teachers. This article, investigates the preparation of drama teachers for the profession with a particular focus on the practicum component of pre-service education. Drawing on the experiences of 19 pre-service drama teachers from a Western Australian university, focus-groups were conducted in order to scope the key components of the enablers and constraints embedded in their practicum. Four key themes were identified: stress, self-efficacy, mentoring practices, and teaching craft. In addition, the dimensions of each theme in relation to the adequate preparation of drama teachers were further revealed. Particular to the research was the role played by the extra curricula demands associated with drama as a learning area, and the mismatch between participant’s experience of drama and the culture shock many experienced in contemporary times. The research further emphasised the highs and lows of practicum, illuminating conditions most conducive to a quality practicum where pre-service drama teachers are able to develop pedagogy and the self-efficacy necessary to be an effective drama teacher, and importantly, one who remains in the profession.

In response to a number of recent articles on the Chernobyl nuclear disaster, including the interview with epidemiologist Richard Wakeford “Measuring Chernobyl’s radiation legacy” (August pp12–13)

Traditional crafting methods such as stitching, embroidering, dyeing and machine sewing can be enhanced to create novel techniques for embedding shape-changing and colour-changing actuation into soft fabrics. In this paper, we show how embedding Shape-Memory Alloy (SMA) wire, copper wire and thermochromic thread into needles and bobbins, we were able to successfully machine sew interactive morphological capabilities into textiles. We describe the results of extensive design experiments, which detail how differing actuations can be achieved through a matrix of parameters that directly influence a fabric's deformational behaviours. To demonstrate the usefulness of our 10 techniques, we then introduce and discuss an interactive artefact we produced, using a subset of these techniques. We contribute such new techniques for creating soft-interfaces, imbued with actuation through tactile and self-morphing capabilities without motors or LEDs. We draw insights from this on the potential of the proposed techniques for crafting interactive artefacts.

Recent HCI research has investigated how digital technologies might enable citizens to identify and express matters of civic concern. We extend this work by describing JourneyCam, a smartphone-based system that enables powered wheelchair users to capture video and sensor data about their experiences of mobility. Thirteen participants used JourneyCam to document journeys, after which the data they collected was used to support discussions around their experiences. Our findings highlight how the system facilitated the articulation of complex embodied experiences, and how the collected data might have particular value in surfacing these experiences to help inform urban design and policymaking. Participants valued the ways in which JourneyCam's moving image and sensor data made hard-to-express sensations apparent, as well as how it enabled them to surface previously unrecognised issues. We conclude by highlighting future opportunities for how such tools might enable citizens to inform and influence civic governance.

Human Computer Interaction has developed great interest in the Maker Movement. Previous work has explored it from various perspectives, focusing either on its potentials or issues. As these are however only fragmented portrayals, this paper aims to take a broader perspective and interconnect some of the fragments. We conducted a qualitative study in the context of two Maker Faires to gain a better understanding of the complex dynamics that makers operate in. We captured the voices of different stakeholders and explored how their respective agendas relate to each other. The findings illustrate how the event is co-created at the nexus of different technological, social and economic interests while leaving space for diverse practices. The paper contributes a first focused analysis of Maker Faire, probes it as a site for research and discusses how holistic perspectives on the Maker Movement could create new research opportunities.

This paper describes a process of collaborative sense-making through co-designing a reflective poster. We used this method in the 'Empowering Hacks' project which gathered two non-academic individuals with disabilities (authors 2 & 3) and a non-disabled HCI researcher (author 1) around DIY/Making by, for and with people with disabilities. To collectively review the achievements and challenges we experienced in this project, we designed a timeline which allowed us to equally engage in reflective thinking and curatorial discussions on how to present and explain identified key moments. We see the instance of this co-created poster as an opportunity to discuss with the CHI-community the potential and relevance of including research participants in analysis processes.

Background Scalable weight loss maintenance (WLM) interventions for adults with obesity are lacking but vital for the health and economic benefits of weight loss to be fully realised. We examined the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a low-intensity technology-mediated behavioural intervention to support WLM in adults with obesity after clinically significant weight loss (≥5%) compared to standard lifestyle advice. Methods and findings The NULevel trial was an open-label randomised controlled superiority trial in 288 adults recruited April 2014 to May 2015 with weight loss of ≥5% within the previous 12 months, from a pre-weight loss BMI of ≥30 kg/m2. Participants were self-selected, and the majority self-certified previous weight loss. We used a web-based randomisation system to assign participants to either standard lifestyle advice via newsletter (control arm) or a technology-mediated low-intensity behavioural WLM programme (intervention arm). The intervention comprised a single face-to-face goal-setting meeting, self-monitoring, and remote feedback on weight, diet, and physical activity via links embedded in short message service (SMS). All participants were provided with wirelessly connected weighing scales, but only participants in the intervention arm were instructed to weigh themselves daily and told that they would receive feedback on their weight. After 12 months, we measured the primary outcome, weight (kilograms), as well as frequency of self-weighing, objective physical activity (via accelerometry), psychological variables, and cost-effectiveness. The study was powered to detect a between-group weight difference of ±2.5 kg at follow-up. Overall, 264 participants (92%) completed the trial. Mean weight gain from baseline to 12 months was 1.8 kg (95% CI 0.5–3.1) in the intervention group (n = 131) and 1.8 kg (95% CI 0.6–3.0) in the control group (n = 133). There was no evidence of an effect on weight at 12 months (difference in adjusted mean weight change from baseline: −0.07 [95% CI 1.7 to −1.9], p = 0.9). Intervention participants weighed themselves more frequently than control participants and were more physically active. Intervention participants reported greater satisfaction with weight outcomes, more planning for dietary and physical activity goals and for managing lapses, and greater confidence for healthy eating, weight loss, and WLM. Potential limitations, such as the use of connected weighing study in both trial arms, the absence of a measurement of energy intake, and the recruitment from one region of the United Kingdom, are discussed. Conclusions There was no difference in the WLM of participants who received the NULevel intervention compared to participants who received standard lifestyle advice via newsletter. The intervention affected some, but not all, process-related secondary outcomes of the trial. Trial registration This trial is registered with the ISRCTN registry (ISRCTN 14657176; registration date 20 March 2014)., Falko Sniehotta and colleagues reveal their trial results where face-to-face goal setting can be an effective intervention for weight loss, but in the longer term these measures aren't effective in keeping weight off., Author summary Why was this study done? Obesity is a major contributor to preventable life-years lost worldwide. Effective behavioural weight loss interventions are widely available, but weight loss is often followed by weight regain. Effective interventions to slow down weight regain are intensive and not widely available. There is a need for accessible, effective interventions that can support individuals who have lost weight. What did the researchers do and find? We carried out a randomised controlled trial (RCT) involving 288 people with obesity who had recently lost weight. Participants were given wirelessly connected weighing scales, and they were randomly assigned into 2 groups and studied over 12 months. One group received standard lifestyle advice via newsletter and no feedback on their use of the scales. The other group received the NULevel intervention, consisting of a single face-to-face meeting and subsequent weight maintenance support delivered via short message service (SMS) messages with embedded links. The intervention was developed based on maintenance theory and effective behavioural principles such as self-monitoring, goal setting, feedback, and reinforcement. Intervention participants weighed themselves more frequently than control participants and were more physically active, but we found no difference in weight regain between the 2 groups at 12 months. What do these findings mean? The study shows that the NULevel intervention on its own does not seem to slow the rate of weight regain. Further work is required to identify the optimal set and dose of intervention strategies needed to effectively support people who have lost weight in keeping it off.

Peter Wright muses on how various Doomsday scenarios could be measured

I was recently asked by my historian son for my view of the scientist Galen Winsor

Linear porous wedge electrospray emitters exhibit a discrete number of emission sites that naturally form during operation. An analytical model is developed to examine the behavior and spacing of these emission sites via the pressure variation in the porous fluid flow associated with the flow focusing on each emission site, which is coupled with the local electric field. The solution for site spacing and current is informed by empirical results with support from electric field modeling and investigation of porous media parameters. Emission site currents of up to 500 nA and site spacings of roughly 50 µm–300 µm are predicted. Results from the model match well with experimental trends and provide further insights into the current and spacing of the discrete emission sites. These insights include the following: (1) for the investigated geometry, the total current can be estimated without taking into account the effects local to each emission site, (2) the wedge hydraulic resistance shows how the emitter output scales with emitter geometry and propellant properties, and (3) the emitted charge to mass ratio increases with the applied electric field. Last, we present a physical description of how specific charge increases with the restorative pressure from the reservoir.

Purpose: In contrast to other aspects of executive functions, acute exercise-induced alterations in planning are poorly investigated. While only few studies report improved planning performances after exercise, even less is known about their time course after exhaustive exercise. Methods: One hundred and nineteen healthy adults performed the Tower of London (ToL) task at baseline, followed by a graded exercise test (GXT). Participants were subsequently randomized into one of four groups (immediately, 30, 60, and 90 min after the GXT) to repeat the ToL. Main outcomes of the ToL were planning (number of tasks completed in the minimum number of moves), solutions (correct responses independent of the given number of moves) as well as thinking times (time between presentation of each problem and first action) for tasks with varying difficulty (four-, five,- and six-move problems). Blood lactate levels were analyzed as a potential mediator. Results: No effect of exercise on planning could be detected. In contrast to complex problem conditions, median thinking times deteriorated significantly in the immediately after GXT tested group in less challenging problem conditions (four-move problems: p = 0.001, F = 5.933, df = 3; five-move problems: p = 0.005, F = 4.548, df = 3). Decreased lactate elimination rates were associated with impaired median thinking times across all groups ΔMTT4-6 (p = 0.001, r = −0.309), ΔMTT4 (p < 0.001, r = −0.367), and ΔMTT5 (p = 0.001, r = −0.290). Conclusion: These results suggest that planning does not improve within 90 min after exhaustive exercise. In line with previous research, revealing a negative impact of exhaustive exercise on memory and attention, our study extends this knowledge of exercise-induced alterations in cognitive functioning as thinking times as subcomponents of planning are negatively affected immediately after exercise. This is further associated with peripheral lactate levels.

This article explores the effects of neoliberalism and performative educational cultures on secondary school drama classrooms. We consider the ways Deleuze and Guattari’s schizoanalysis and Butler’s concept of gender performance enable us to chart the embodied, relational, spatial and affective energies that inhabit the often neoliberal and heterosexually striated space of the drama classroom. These post-humanist analyses are useful methodological tools for mapping the complexities of student becomings in the space context of the secondary school. We also show how Foucault’s governmentality and Ball’s theory of competitive performativity are particularly salient in the context of immanent capitalism that shapes the desires of its subjects. These frameworks, when combined, can be useful in critiquing neoliberal educational assemblages and in indicating emerging deterritorializations and lines of flight in teachers and students.

This article examines macro, meso, and micro understandings of policy enactment within Western Australian primary school arts education where a new national arts curriculum is being revised and implemented through a process colloquially known as “adopt and adapt.” This article focuses on how a government-led implementation policy has influenced arts teaching and learning in unintended ways. It Includes a theoretical reflection and a consideration of the effects of such policies. Using policy enactment theory as the enquiry lens, four contextual variables are highlighted for their impact on teachers and schools. The variables include situated contexts, material contexts, professional cultures, and external factors. Effects are discussed through the perspectives of 11 arts curriculum leaders drawn from in-depth semi-structured interviews. Marginalization of the arts, the disconnection of schools and teachers to the arts and professional learning impacts are discussed as results of this policy transl...

This article examines the intersection between the senior secondary drama classroom, creativity and neoliberalism. Informed by a research project involving fifteen West Australian drama teachers and thirteen students, it considers the drama classroom as one site where tensions between the performative needs of neoliberal education and the more humanistic desires that drama teachers embody are enacted. This paper suggests that drama education can be a powerfully transformative vehicle for creative and innovative thinking because of its spatially unique classroom environment and embodied nature. However, collisions between rhetoric and reality, social good and economic return, can mean that young people are denied opportunities for choice and the capability development that drama education brings.

This article examines the microphone and its connective political and nonhuman ecologies. A media archaeological excavation of Leon Theremin’s role in the development of a specific bugging device (“The Thing”) facilitates discussion throughout. Situating the microphone within a networked history of power relations and ethical consequences, the author draws upon contexts of surveillance, parasites and horror in order to ask whether microphones are agential actors and, if so, what the consequences might be.

In this Comment, we analyze the performance of a microwave plasma device presented by Ye et al. [AIP Adv. 10, 055002 (2020)]. The efficiency analysis, using conservation of energy, shows that the methods used by the original authors predict up to 8000% device efficiency. Our analytical model is based on a control volume analysis of the original authors’ experimental setup and conditions, indicating that blocking the exit of the device yields stagnation pressure rather than jet pressure. The results from this analysis are consistent with the reported experimental data, demonstrating that the measured pressure using this method is internal chamber pressure and cannot be used to estimate thrust.

Am I the only one who thinks that perhaps some of our technology has come too far, too fast? And are we really better off as a result of this? Whenever I bring up the subject among friends and colleagues it invariably results in my being told to “get back to the dark ages” (which I’m old enough to remember).

Aims Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) regulates cardiac excitation–contraction coupling by acting in microdomains associated with sarcolemmal ion channels. However, local real time cAMP dynamics in such microdomains has not been visualized before. We sought to directly monitor cAMP in a microdomain formed around sodium–potassium ATPase (NKA) in healthy and failing cardiomyocytes and to better understand alterations of cAMP compartmentation in heart failure. Methods and results A novel Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based biosensor termed phospholemman (PLM)-Epac1 was developed by fusing a highly sensitive cAMP sensor Epac1-camps to the C-terminus of PLM. Live cell imaging in PLM-Epac1 and Epac1-camps expressing adult rat ventricular myocytes revealed extensive regulation of NKA/PLM microdomain-associated cAMP levels by β2-adrenoceptors (β2-ARs). Local cAMP pools stimulated by these receptors were tightly controlled by phosphodiesterase (PDE) type 3. In chronic heart failure following myocardial infarction, dramatic reduction of the microdomain-specific β2-AR/cAMP signals and β2-AR dependent PLM phosphorylation was accompanied by a pronounced loss of local PDE3 and an increase in PDE2 effects. Conclusions NKA/PLM complex forms a distinct cAMP microdomain which is directly regulated by β2-ARs and is under predominant control by PDE3. In heart failure, local changes in PDE repertoire result in blunted β2-AR signalling to cAMP in the vicinity of PLM.

Actuating, dynamic materials offer substantial potential to enhance interior designs but there are currently few examples of how they might be utilised or impact user experiences. As part of a design-led exploration, we have prototyped (Wizard-of-Oz) an actuating, dining table runner (ActuEater1), and then developed a fully-interactive fabric version that both changes shape and colour (ActuEater2). Four in-situ deployments of ‘ActuEaters’ in different dinner settings and subsequent ‘design crits’ showed insights into how people perceive, interpret and interact with such slow-technology in interesting (and often unexpected) ways. The results of our ‘ActuEating’ studies provide evidence for how an actuating artefact can be simultaneously a resource for social engagement and an interactive decorative. In response, we explore design opportunities for situating novel interactive materials in everyday settings, taking the leap into a new generation of interactive spaces, and critically considering new aesthetic possibilities.

Charities are subject to stringent transparency and accountability requirements from government and funders to ensure that they are conducting work and spending money appropriately. Charities are increasingly important to civic life and have unique characteristics as organisations. This provides a rich space in which HCI research may learn from and affect both held notions of transparency and accountability, and the relationships between these organisations and their stakeholders. We conducted ethnographic fieldwork and workshops over a seven month period at a charity. We aimed to understand how the transparency obligations of a charity manifest through work and how the workers of a charity reason about transparency and accountability as an everyday practice. Our findings highlight how organisations engage in presenting different accounts of their work; how workers view their legal transparency obligations in contrast with their accountability to their everyday community; and how their labour does not translate well to outcome measures or metrics. We discuss implications for the design of future systems that support organisations to produce accounts of their work as part of everyday practice.support organisations to produce accounts of their work as part of everyday practice.

While user participation is central to HCI, co-inquiry takes this further by having participants direct and control research from conceptualisation to completion. We describe a co-inquiry, conducted over 16 months with a Parkinson's support group. We explored how the participation of members might be enabled across multiple stages of a research project, from the generation of research questions to the development of a prototype. Participants directed the research into developing alternative modes of information provision, resulting in 'Parkinson's Radio' -- a collectivist health information service produced and edited by members of the support group. We reflect on how we supported participation at different stages of the project and the successes and challenges faced by the team. We contribute insights into the design of collectivist health technologies for this group, and discuss opportunities and tensions for conducting co-inquiry in HCI research.

Rich metadata is becoming a key part of the broadcast production pipeline. This information can be used to deliver compelling new consumption experiences which are personalized, location-aware, interactive and multi-screen. However, media producers are struggling to generate the metadata required for such experiences, using inefficient post-production solutions which are limited in how much of the original context they can capture. In response, we present Media of Things (MoT), a tool for on-location media productions. MoT enables practical and flexible generation of sensor based point-of-capture metadata. We demonstrate how embedded ubiquitous sensing technologies such as the Internet of Things can be leveraged to produce context rich, time sequenced metadata in a production studio. We reflect on how this workflow can be integrated within the constraints of broadcast production and the possibilities that emerge from access to rich data at the beginning of the production lifecycle to produce well described media for reconfigurable consumption.

Solidarity organizations in Europe are committed to building a more socially just society through a better configuration of democracy, politics and economy. In this paper, we describe our efforts to contribute to the socio-political designed innovation of solidarity movements through the establishment of a research lab embedded in, and operating within, the solidarity economy. We describe three cases that span the polarities of everyday and expert design, and contribute to the scaling out of social innovations. We use these cases to exemplify the strategies and tactics that emerge from the ongoing negotiation of 'infrastructuring' work with solidarity organizations. Finally, we discuss how guerilla infrastructuring, designing coalitions, and spanning design polarities can contribute to HCI and design for social innovation more generally.

Zaatari, the world's largest Syrian refugee camp, currently hosts around 80,000 Syrian refugees. Located in the desert, the camp has become the fifth biggest city in Jordan. Previous examinations of crisis-housing in refugee camps have assessed re-appropriation of shelters in order to improve functionality. In this paper, we show how interior adornment serves a purpose in refugee lives that goes beyond that of functionality. Our analysis of fieldwork conducted in Zaatari camp show how decorating provides an escape from the camp and compensates for loss of identity, home and leisure. Within contexts of austerity, decorating spaces is a valuable and vital aspect of living, coping and supporting people's sense of identity and pride. Through painting and decorating both public and private 'spaces', refugees transform them into 'places', creating a sense of home. We highlight how the capability of decorating, crafting and making is an enactment of freedom within contexts of political restrictions and resource limitations.

DIY-making can be an expensive pastime if makers are relying on ready-made toolkits, specialised materials and off-shelf components. Many prefabricated commercial kits seek to lower the learning barrier of making and to help beginners to successfully take their first steps in engineering. However, as soon as the novices become a little more advanced, these toolkits often do not fit the specific requirements of personal maker projects anymore. We introduce the idea of a Schnittmuster (or a meta-toolkit) as a novel approach to toolkit design that seeks to address these creativity-limiting factors as well as practical entrance hurdles. To demonstrate the adaptive power of the Schnittmuster concept, we discuss an exemplar in the context of capacitive touch sensing (FlexE-Touch). Implemented under the constraints of materials, user skill sets and making environments, we illustrate how the Schnittmuster facilitated four cheap and flexible toolkit instantiations for crafting custom touch sensor electrodes.

In this paper, we present a two-part study. The first part was a cultural appreciation study. Through this study, we explored the specific approach of cross-cultural aesthetic appreciation and mapped out the potential insights for a prototype design. In the second part, we carried out a design-led study. We designed a tablet application and conducted focus group studies to explore the interactive technology that assists in the support of cross-cultural audiences’ aesthetic appreciation and engagement of traditional Chinese painting. Based on these findings, we went on to further explore an approach of interactive engagement which is specific to supporting cross-cultural appreciation, while also reflecting upon the interactive design suggestions for the development of aesthetic appreciation to offer various transferable insights to the Human–Computer Interaction (HCI) community.

Summary Cardiomyocytes from the apex but not the base of the heart increase their contractility in response to β2-adrenoceptor (β2AR) stimulation, which may underlie the development of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. However, both cell types produce comparable cytosolic amounts of the second messenger cAMP. We investigated this discrepancy using nanoscale imaging techniques and found that, structurally, basal cardiomyocytes have more organized membranes (higher T-tubular and caveolar densities). Local membrane microdomain responses measured in isolated basal cardiomyocytes or in whole hearts revealed significantly smaller and more short-lived β2AR/cAMP signals. Inhibition of PDE4, caveolar disruption by removing cholesterol or genetic deletion of Cav3 eliminated differences in local cAMP production and equilibrated the contractile response to β2AR. We conclude that basal cells possess tighter control of cAMP because of a higher degree of signaling microdomain organization. This provides varying levels of nanostructural control for cAMP-mediated functional effects that orchestrate macroscopic, regional physiological differences within the heart., Graphical Abstract, Highlights • Cardiomyocyte membrane organization varies in degree between regions of the heart • Differences in structural organization affect adrenergic signaling via β2AR • Reduced organization allows β2AR-cAMP to influence contractility in myocardial apex • Variability in cell structure may allow differential response of heart regions, Wright et al. present evidence that cardiomyocyte membrane organization (T-tubule regularity and caveolar number) varies between myocardial regions. The reduced membrane organization of cells from the myocardial apex allows β2AR-cAMP to influence PKA_RII domains. As a result, β2AR stimulation enhances apically but not basally derived cardiomyocyte contractility.

Theories and Concepts.- to Section 1.- Let's Make Things Engaging.- The Engineering of Experience.- The Thing and I: Understanding the Relationship Between User and Product.- Making Sense of Experience.- Enjoyment: Lessons from Karasek.- Fun on the Phone: The Situated Experience of Recreational Telephone Conferences.- The Enchantments of Technology.- The Semantics of Fun: Differentiating Enjoyable Eeperiences.- Methods and Techniques.- User Empowerment and the Fun Factor.- to Section 2.- Measuring Emotion: Development and Application of an Instrument to Measure Emotional Responses to Products.- That's Entertainment!.- Designing for Fun: User-Testing Case Studies.- Playing Games in the Emotional Space.- Deconstructing Experience: Pulling Crackers Apart.- Designing Engaging Experiences with Children and Artists.- Building Narrative Experiences for Children Through Real Time Media Manipulation: Pogo World.- Case Studies in Design.- to Section 3.- The Joy of Telephony: Designing Appealing Interactions.- From Usable to Enjoyable Information Displays.- Fun for All: Promoting Engagement and Paraticipation in Community Programming Projects.- Storytelling & Conversation to Improve the Fun Factor in Software Applications.- Deconstructing Ghosts.- Interfacing the Narrative Experience.- Whose Line is It Anyway? Enabling Creative Appropriation of Television.- The Interactive Installation ISH: In Search of Resonant Human Product Interaction.- Fun with Your Alarm Clock: Designing for Engaging Experiences Through Emotionally Rich Interaction.

These papers are published largely as they appeared in the 2003 edition. Chapter authors were invited to write a note explaining how things have developed since 2003 or setting the context in which the 2003 chapter was written. These notes are included at the start of each chapter. We would draw your attention to the long note added by Wright and McCarthy to Chap. 20 which in many ways sets the scene for the whole book.

When this chapter appeared in the first edition of Funology in 2003, there was an emerging interest in user experience. However, the information processing theories and models of interaction that were used at the time lacked the concepts and vocabulary necessary to understand how to design for experience. So, in ‘Making Sense of Experience’ we offered a vocabulary and a set of concepts to be used by HCI researchers and designers interested in user experience. When we were invited to revise the chapter for Funology 2, we decided to leave it as originally published but to add an endnote reflecting how our ideas have developed since 2003. This ‘endnote’ features as the preface to this chapter, and to also our other chapter, The Enchantments of Technology.

Giving and receiving critical feedback are key 21st century learning skills, which form an integral part of enquiry based approaches to learning. Yet learners face several barriers to acquiring those skills; a lack of interest in peer-created content; social politeness; and under-valuing peer-feedback. Additionally, the perception of one’s peers as equals rather than experts engenders low engagement in peer-feedback activities. In this study, we investigate and address some of these barriers through a 3-month cross-cultural activity with 60 students in two schools – in India and England. By introducing an interactive content-creation tool to facilitate the peer feedback process in a cross-cultural, Project-Based Learning (PBL) activity we initiate and utilise the cultural expertise of the students. The activity involved creating interactive content to stimulate critical feedback exchange between students where the students were considered to be ‘experts’ in their cultural setting. The three-month activity demonstrates that the use of an interactive content-creation tool in a culture-sensitive PBL process aids the development of critical peer feedback and helps students to achieve a deeper understanding of their own culture and that of the ‘other’.

This paper explores Deleuze and Guattari's schizoanalysis in relation to student and teacher becomings and the way these are actualised within the neoliberal and heterosexually striated spaces of the secondary school assemblage. Deleuze and Guattari considered a narrow approach to education problematic and called for creativity as a site of ‘resistance’. Drama is one subject rich with potentiality for students to strengthen their creativity and ‘speak back’ against the neoliberal project. What our research revealed is how the drama classroom is an open, dynamic space where students can embody different identities at a critical time in their adolescent development. What is delimiting about this potentiality is the proclivity of teachers and students, as desiring machines, to conform to the dominant neoliberal culture of competitive performativity. The paper proposes that schizoanalysis offers new insights for mapping complex desire-flows and embodied identities through and against the dominant perf...

This paper reports on research focusing on a group of adjunct teachers of English employed in Japanese universities. Grounded in interpretive epistemology foregrounding constructionist traditions, this research employed bricolage as way of inquiring into, then representing, these teacher’s experiences utilising multi-perspectival, multi-theoretical and multi-methodological approaches. Employing elements of Turnerian liminality and blending these with Japanese cultural mythology, this paper explores participants’ experience, knowledge and identity. Through interviews and focus groups, participants (n = 43) gave voice to their lived world in Japanese universities locating their ‘place’ as simultaneously inside and outside the boundaries of mainstream Japanese society and universities. As ‘liminal personas’, participants likened themselves to a ‘necessary evil’ in the context of internationalising the curriculum. Thus, their condition is understood to be both ambiguous and paradoxical. The Japanese universit...

A series of 3D soil–fluid coupled finite element analyses was conducted to examine the long-term tunnel behaviour of an old cast-iron cross passage in stiff London clay. In the proposed geotechnical FE model, an advanced critical state constitutive model was employed to simulate complex soil behaviour, whereas the details of the tunnel linings was simplified using shell elements. The computed time-dependent soil load derived from the geotechnical model was then applied to a structural finite element model where the details of the cross passage structure such as bolted-joints and tunnel segments were explicitly modelled. This proposed semi-coupled soil-structure model shows agreement against field observations and it was found in this particular case that the structural condition evaluated from the FE model is more critical than that of the conventional bedded ring method. Results show that the surface ground settlement is governed mainly by the twin tunnel construction and the presence of the cross passage does not increase the settlement. On the other hand, the construction of a cross passage affects the structural performance of the adjacent running tunnel in both short term (undrained) and long term (soil consolidation). In particular, the critical location is identified to be the tunnel segment adjacent to the opening at the axis level and its stresses and deformation increase with consolidation time.

This article investigates a little-known fifteenth-century polyphonic fragment in the parish archive of Weitra, a small town in Lower Austria. It provides a detailed account of the physical make-up of the source and its contents, which comprise four works, three previously known from other sources: an Introit, a Kyrie (here identified as by Du Fay), and two settings of a hymn for the dedication of a church. A copying date of c .1440–50 is proposed and a possible relationship between the fragment and events that occurred in Weitra around this time (notably the dedication of the parish church and two chapels) is explored. Both fragment and host manuscript (the latter apparently belonged to Andreas de Weytra, rector of Vienna University in the 1430s) are examined in the context of the close political and intellectual relations that existed between Weitra and Vienna at the time of Albrecht V(II) and Friedrich III.