Search

Copyright of Theology & Morality / Teologia I Moralmosc is the property of Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza (IH UAM) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the second half of the 11th century, the Roman Curia understood that the symbolic ratification of Norman power necessarily had to pass through official ceremonies and ritual actions. These are anthropological and symbolic aspects inherent in the process of mutual recognition between religious and secular power. There were three main legal forms used for the political legitimation of the Normans: the feudal census, the "loyal" oath and the religious investiture. It is a conflictual relationship between "Regnum" and "Sacerdotium", based on the unstable balance between the pontifical religious power and the transfer of the papal potestas into the hands of the Altavilla family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Frühmittelalterliche Studien is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Balsha principality emerged as a state formation with significant political influence in the northern Arbëria territories in the early 1360s and became a weighty factor in economic, political, and military life. The Balsha's possessions included a vast territory of Arbëria lands that stretched from the borders of Budva in the north to those of Himara in the south, from the Adriatic in the west to Kriva Rijeka and Kostur in the east. Their possessions also extended to the city of Peja, Prizren, and Kriva Rreka, near Novoberda. During the Balsha's rule, religious objects were built in the areas around Lake Shkodra, in the region of Krajina, in Ulcinj, Tivar, and Budva. In present-day Kosovo, the influence of the Balsha principality also extended to the Christian organization. Thus, members of this family during the years 1375 to 1385 led the church councils in the Patriarchate of Peja. Also, during their time, the city of Prizren gained a Catholic bishop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

József Mindszenty regularly wrote letters to Pope Pius XII, to British diplomats between 1945 and 1948, as well as to cardinals in the US, Britain and New Zealand. His letters and telegrams protesting the plight of the Hungarians in Czechoslovakia after 1945, their forced Slovakisation and deportation to the Czech Republic, are prominent among these letters. This was prompted by his duties as county archpastor, as the ecclesiastical superior of the Esztergom archdiocese north of the Danube, and by his status as archbishop-metropolitan and prince primate. In our paper we attempt to summarise the relevant material from the period between 1945 and 1948: 33 of the 118 Mindszenty letters we have found deal with his efforts on behalf of the Hungarian community in Czechoslovakia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Teología y Vida is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Facultad de Teologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Millars: Espai i Història is the property of Millars: Espai i Historia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Materiales para la Historia del Deporte is the property of Polytechnic University of Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

HROMJÁK, Ľuboslav. The Contribution of Pope John Paul II for the Slavs in the Modern History of the Cyrilo-Methodian Cult. In this study, the author, based on the historical context of Cyrilo-Methodism in the 19th and 20th centuries, highlights the importance of Pope John Paul II for the Slavs and its importance in consolidating Cyrilo-Methodism in modern history through the publication of the papal letter Egregiae virtutis and the encyclical Slavorum apostoli. Great emphasis is placed on the contribution of John Paul II for the Slavic world by the declaration of Sts. Cyril and Methodius as patrons of Europe. Pope John Paul II contextualizes the Catholic Slavism of Leo XIII as its successor in the 20th century. By the declaration of Sts. Cyril and Methodius as patrons of Europe, according to the author, the Pope pursued two intentions: ecumenical and civilizing. He presented Sts. Cyril and Methodius in the context of Catholic Slavism as a civilizational and ecumenical bridge between the Catholic and Orthodox churches. John Paul II as the only Slavic pope on Peter's throne, he was the only one who could highlight the example of Sts. Cyril and Methodius for Western Europe, in search of Europe's spiritual roots. In this study, the author also points out the importance of the apostolic letter in the Slovak Catholic environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Rivista Italiana di Conflittolgia is the property of Edizioni Labrys and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Amauta 'Todo lo Humano es Nuestro' is the property of Universidad del Atlantico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Scripta Mediaevalia is the property of Universidad Nacional de Cuyo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article discloses and analyses a selection of letters, reports, and official missives exchanged between the Holy See and the governments of Thailand during the Second World War. The collected documents are kept in the Archives of the Congregation for the Evangelisation of Peoples, in Rome, and contain evidence of the attempts made by the two diplomacies, one Christian and the other Buddhist, to establish a dialogue and find a solution to the pressing problems that were complicating the country's already difficult situation during the world conflict. A beneficial solution to these problems was found by Thai diplomacy, based on a considered interpretation of Buddhist teachings and their fundamental tolerance, and by the Vatican, which not only recognised the value of this different religious thought but also Thailand's complex position within the balance of powers in Southeast Asia in the mid-20th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guillaume de Nogaret was keeper of the seal and master of Capetian politics at the beginning of the fourteenth century. Expert jurist and administrator, he was one of the very first servants of the royal State whose entire sovereignty, against the papacy in particular, he wanted to assert to the point of making it a true mystic. However, the man, who suffers from a dark legend, is little known. Recent investigations, largely unpublished, have focused on his practice of power, but no biography has been dedicated to him from the end of the nineteenth century. The article, of course, does not claim to fill such a gap. Yet, it illustrates the possibility of a biographical seizure, the interest which would be that of such a research, and, beyond the myth, by linking the action of Guillaume de Nogaret in the French South and to the Capetian court, it reveals the main lines of an existence entirely dedicated to royal service and carried, to the point of brutality, by the obsession with the interest of the realm erected, in deeds and in thought, into a mystic then completely new, opening the way to the absolutism.

"The Jesuits: A History" by Markus Friedrich is a comprehensive study of the Society of Jesus from its establishment in 1540 to its suppression in 1773. The book aims to portray the society as a diverse institution and emphasizes that the Jesuits were a product of their times. It covers various aspects of Jesuit history, including their organization, spirituality, relationship with the papacy, missions, and expulsions. The author successfully describes the actions and culture of the Jesuits and rejects historical myths about them. The book is a valuable resource for researchers interested in the Jesuits and their impact on religion, education, and politics during the Renaissance and Reformation. [Extracted from the article]

Orta Çağ Hıristiyan toplumunda krizler, savaşlar, salgın hastalıklar, kıtlıklar Tanrı’nın bir gazabı olarak düşünülmekteydi. Bu tarz olumsuzluklarla karşı karşıya kalan insanlar, Tanrı’nın öfkesini yatıştırmak için çeşitli eylemlere başvuruyorlardı. XIII. ve XIV. yüzyılda Avrupa sokaklarına dökülen Kırbaççılar da, aynı içgüdü ile hareket etmekteydiler. Üst üste yaşadıkları felaketler neticesinde Tanrı’nın onları yok etmeye kararlı olduğuna inanmışlardı ve bedenlerini kırbaçlayarak bu sonun önüne geçmeyi, Tanrı’yı yatıştırmayı denediler. Ellerinde kırbaçlarla, yerel ilahiler eşliğinde şehirleri, kasabaları dolaştılar. Toplam otuz üç buçuk gün boyunca bedenlerini kırbaçla tedip ettiler. Ritüellerinde kanın özel bir yeri bulunmaktaydı ve bu kan Mesih’in kanını sembolize ediyordu. Ancak yerel otoriteler ve Papalık eylemlerini sakıncalı gördü ve yasakladı. XIV. yüzyıldaki eylemleri XIII. yüzyıla kıyasla daha fazla ses getirdi. Kırbaççılar XIV. yüzyılda radikalleştiler. Çalışmamızın amacı iki evre halinde tarih sahnesine çıkan Kırbaççıların ortaya çıkış serüvenlerini değerlendirmektir. Bu bağlamda çalışmamız XIII. ve XIV. yüzyılın sosyal tarihine konu üzerinden bir bakış açısı atmayı hedeflemektedir.

AbstractThe last twenty years have brought profound changes in communication and technology. World leaders have extended their communication into the digital space. In the Catholic world, we speak of a digital papacy, seeing the growth of a community following the Pope on social media. Our study looks at how the language of the Holy See is changing in media-related texts published annually for World Communications Day. The research corpus consists of the messages of the last three popes – from 1995, when the vatican.va domain was created, up to 2022. Using textual analysis, we show that, in addition to the normal change in terminology, the approach of the popes as the ecclesiastical authorities to the community is changing, and the community itself is also changing. For example, the word ‘must,’ which was widely used in messages until the rise of social networks, has completely disappeared from the texts in the last few years. Our study leads us to posit that not only is there a change in how the popes address the Catholic community, but there is also a paradigm shift in society and culture.

This article aims to provide a philosophical case for the veracity of the doctrine of the papacy. This specific case will be presented as an a priori argument that will be formulated in light of the work of Richard Swinburne and Linda Zagzebski—which, in combination, will provide us with grounds for believing in the veracity of the papacy from a philosophical perspective, and thus help to further bolster up the historical arguments that are usually brought in support of the veracity of the doctrine.

During the prelude to the First Vatican Council, the idea of a heretical pope was used as the primary argument against the solemn definition of papal infallibility. The medieval canonists and conciliarists had allowed for the notion of papal heresy by making a strict distinction between the apostolic seat itself and the individual occupants of the throne of Peter. However, when we examine the text of Pastor Aeternus in light of the contents of the official Relatio, which was drawn up at the council to explain the meaning of this document, we find that the above distinction used by the conciliarists was formally proscribed with an anathema. This article will argue that in doing so, the Council Fathers definitively excluded the possibility of a heretical pope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the acension of Cardinal Jorge Bergoglio to the office of the papacy as Pope Francis, unease to unrest and now to open conflict has suffused the Catholic Church, from lay to clerics to even the Vatican. Various Catholics wonder, suggest and even argue that a paradigm shift (cf. Thomas Kuhn) in Catholic theology has taken place. Wherever a paradigm shift occurs, the relation between the pre-sifters and the post-shifters becomes one of incompatibility, of being incommensurate, such that a mutually excluding fissure takes places., the divided house will fall. Has that been happening to Catholicism? It has been suggested that the thinking of Bernard Lonergan SJ exhibits the same cognitive dynamics as that of Pope Francis. In order to attempt a judgment as to whether continuity or rupture structure the Catholic Church of today, focus is directed to Lonergan and his own view of what is transpiring in current Catholicism. One discovers quickly that Lonergan sees traditional Catholicism as classicist, conservative, normative and Aristotelian in orientation whereas the renewal theologians are modern, liberal, and distinctly historicist, a theme amply developed by Lonergan himself. The conclusion of this study is the traditionalists and modernizers do indeed constitute the incommensurable prongs of a paradigm shift such that currently Catholicism is a 2-in-one church, i.e., two validly baptized groups of believers between whom a irreconcilable conflict rages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the Holy See as a political actor amid hard power conflict. While many debate the legal and religious personalities of the Holy See, few engage with an approach that illustrates the Holy See and its citizen-like laity in light of its combinative religious–political dynamic. This paper argues that resulting from this dynamic, the Holy See's sui generis statehood enables the comprehension of a similar sui generis citizenry. These citizens, which this paper labels pseudo-citizens, are the result of connections between the recognized sovereignty of the Holy See and its role over the Roman Catholic Church. This paper examines this connection contextually amid the Holy See's interaction with the underlying international moral framework on just conflict and the protective motivating factors associated with its pseudo-citizens. This motivation is consistent with historical Holy See positions, and is significant for understanding the Holy See's approach amid future hard power events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chile and Argentina signed a Treaty of Peace and Friendship in Vatican City in 1984. The result of six years of papal mediation, this treaty marked the end of a territorial dispute with roots over a century old. A successful resolution of conflicting territorial claims was by no means guaranteed at the outset, and hostilities threatened to break out during the negotiations. Nevertheless, the Treaty of Peace and Friendship resolved territorial issues and navigation rights, and Chile and Argentina remain at peace today. Contrary to predictions based on mechanisms borrowed from a theory of mediation and peacekeeping from Smith and Stam, a biased and powerless mediator credibly facilitated the exchange of the “wrong” kind of information and, without resorting to the “right” leverage, successfully formulated a peace treaty, and the treaty remains in force nearly four decades later. The fields of history, religious studies, international relations, and diplomacy offer an interdisciplinary framework to explore and explain this unexpected result. While it is not possible to derive a general theory of mediation and conflict resolution from a single example, this case highlights the importance of confidentiality, institutional patience, information management, and flexibility as salient characteristics of the Holy See’s successful role as a weak mediator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Historia is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

On the basis of the newly available Vatican archival sources from the pontificate of Pius XII as well as other archival sources, the article examines how Pope Pius XII and his Curia faced the challenge of the Communist regime in Czechoslovakia and the attitudes of the particular Church in the crucial period between the definitive Communist takeover and the expulsion of the last papal representative from Prague and what strategies they developed in order to protect the Church from persecution and ideological seduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presented study deals with the personality of the Greek Catholic bishop of Prešov Štefan Novák, especially with his resignation from office after the establishment of Czechoslovakia in the autumn of 1918. In the context of changed political and religious conditions, it analyzes his personality in the reflection of Church dignitaries and Czechoslovak-Vatican relations which it interprets as unacceptable for the Slovak environment Catholicism after the fall of the Habsburg Monarchy. In the completely new socio-political conditions after 1918, Štefan Novák was criticized not only for his numerous absences and moral life but also for not being accepted by the priests and Christians of the diocese. When he offered to resign from his post after leaving the country in 1919, he understood this step primarily as an expression of loyalty in relation to the Holy See. In a broader context, his resignation contributed to the establishment of diplomatic relations between Czechoslovakia and the Holy See and made it possible to replace him in Prešov with a bishop who was able to address his diocese a better pastoral care with an emphasis on the Slovak Catholic element. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The loss of the tole and prestige of the Catholic Church in a modern Europe divided along denominational and ideological lines, the legal secularization of states, the pressing social question, the polarization of societies, the "general madness" of wars, have forced the papacy to systematize and rethink its teaching. It was motivated not only by a series of challenges, but also by the realization that the knowledge of the Catholic electorate in the political arena is limited and selective. This paper presents the four ideological pillars of Christian state theory the common good, peaceful coexistence, the political impartiality of the Church, the limits of civic obedience and examines their enrichment of meaning. This reflection is fostered by the interaction between church organizations, movements, intellectual forums and hierarchy. On the one hand, the texts under study stressed that political action is inseparable from moral considerations, and on the other, they underlined the "primacy of the human person" in the relations between the individual, community organizations and state power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mediterranea - Ricerche Storiche is the property of Mediterranea-Ricerche Storiche and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

"Travellers in the Great Steppe: From the Papal Envoys to the Russian Revolution" by Nick Fielding is a book that explores the accounts of various travelers to Central Asia. The book covers a wide range of historical periods, from the thirteenth century to the twentieth century, with a focus on the nineteenth century. The author pays attention to the experiences and writings of women travelers and includes diverse perspectives. While the book provides fascinating details and is based on extensive research, it does not offer critical analysis or in-depth exploration of specific themes. However, it serves as a valuable resource for researchers looking for primary texts to study further. [Extracted from the article]

This article addresses the baronial nobility's much-neglected role in supporting the reestablishment of pontifical power in the wake of the Western Schism. In doing so, this article stresses how acts of noble revolt were complemented by extensive patterns of collaboration in the Papal States' government, armies, and relations with other principalities. The nobility proved to be a fundamental source of support—a support that was theorized around and expressed in the language of fealty and devotion. In light of this, my analysis further contributes to the study of the perseverance of noble power and ubiquity of transregional factions in late medieval societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Papal nuncios at the imperial court in Prague were diplomats who represented their ruler – the sovereign of the Papal States and the head of the Catholic Church. Yet they became a distinctive fixture of the imperial court in the places they served. In order for their integration into the structure of the court to be fluid, their personality traits and character had to fit the universally accepted models that applied to courtiers, namely those pertaining to social background, education, conduct, and disposition. At the same time, they had to possess a sufficient degree of sociability and a capacity to earn trust both in their relationship with the sovereign and with the courtiers. Among the primary instruments of this integration process were a wide variety of social activities, some of which were identical for the entire social group, and others unique to the papal nuncios alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wealth of source material produced by Roman notaries has long been neglected. Only in recent decades has it been systematically evaluated by researchers. Given the fragmentary source situation in general, these atti notarili add considerable detail to our knowledge of everyday life. They provide insights not only into the Rome of the popes, which has received considerable attention, but above all into the Rome of the Roman people, much less studied. This paper focuses not on another notary, but on the question of the potential contribution of this genre of sources to the history of late medieval Rome. We see how clients belonging to different social groups approach different notaries. We understand the typical concerns and problems of Roman society, ranging from the debtor imprisoned in a dungeon to the Colonna family in their palazzo. We find confident Florentines with their business dealings, German bakers and their partnership contracts, impoverished monasteries with their growing debts. We see the building boom of the Renaissance and how Piazza Navona is transformed from a campus into a platea, as well as rural Rome within the walls and its countless vineyards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the text of the instructions imparted by Cardinal Secretary of State Alderano Cybo to Luigi Bevilacqua, the apostolic nuncio and mediator at the multilateral peace congress of Nijmegen (1676–1679). It also offers a historical contextualization of the source, found in the Archivio Bevilacqua Ariosti in Bologna. The instructions reflect a change in Papal diplomacy, which remained active among the European powers even after the peace of Westphalia. By sending a nuncio into Protestant territory, Pope Innocent XI's curia increasingly tended to integrate itself into the secularising diplomacy. During the peace negotiations, the Holy See tried to fulfil its ideal role as a padre comune, entailing strict impartiality between the conflicting Catholic parties. The orders regarding contacts with Protestant actors and interests are an example of the flexible dialogue of a normative text with the changing circumstances of 17th-century diplomatic practice. Although the wording reflects the intransigent tradition of the Holy See, the instructions show clear signs that the Protestant presence at the congress was handled pragmatically. On site, Bevilacqua even tried to go further and expand the recently established norm in favour of an effective interaction with Protestants, but ultimately failed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The systematic protests by the nuncio Fabio Chigi against the peace treaties negotiated during the Congress of Westphalia (1643–1649) have long been interpreted as a papal diplomatic failure, at a time when the ideal of Christianity was definitively giving way to a Europe made up of states. This paper seeks to move away from this categorical interpretation of the phenomenon. By studying the correspondence of the nuncios stationed in Madrid, Paris, Brussels and Vienna, the aim is to analyse how the peace of Westphalia was received, and determine whether this reception differs from the protest politics pursued by Fabio Chigi in Münster. It emerges that the nunciatures had varied reactions to the negotiations and the treaties, within fragmented contexts where the peace in Germany was just one of many current events, which were dominated by ongoing conflicts. The primary characteristic of these reactions is that they result from the local activities of each nuncio. By focusing on the variety of reactions, this study offers a polycentric and interconnected understanding of papal diplomacy at the time of the Congress of Westphalia. It aims to provide a better comprehension of the ‚agency' of the apostolic nuncios in redefining the diplomatic culture of the Holy See, through their differing receptions, practices and uses of the notion of peace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Francesco Barberini, the cardinal nephew of Pope Urban VIII (1623–1644), is known to researchers primarily as a patron of the arts. However, he was a member of numerous dicasteries in the Roman Curia and held the office of head of the papal secretariat of state throughout the pontificate. In the early years he hardly appeared in this function. From 1631 onwards, testimonies of his involvement in the correspondence of the office become more frequent in the archives and provide information about his desire to play an active role in papal politics. Detailed autograph minutes to letters sent in cipher to the nuncios in Vienna deal with topics such as the mostly futile request of the imperials for subsidies, the rejection of criticism of the papal policy of neutrality and the improvement of relations between the Holy See and the imperial court. In addition, the attempt to influence the political convictions of members of religious orders working in Vienna and, in particular, the need to win the emperor's approval for the precedence of the prefect of Rome before the imperial envoy play a noticeable role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Peace of Venice (1177), which ended the nearly twenty-year-long schism between Pope Alexander III and his opponents supported by Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa, has long been the subject of controversy among scholars, who focused initially on the concrete provisions of the treaty and more recently on the symbolic acts that affirmed it. This paper uses Alexandrian sources to concentrate on peace itself as the pope's most important political goal: the biography of Alexander written by his cardinal Boso, the frescoes in the Lateran Palace painted after the victory, and other statements made by the pope himself and his supporters reveal his primary goal to be the restoration of unity and peace. This thinking may have been rooted in the Christian ethic of peace as well as in the enduring ideal of cooperation between pope and emperor. It offers an explanation for the pope's willingness to compromise in Venice, often viewed with astonishment today, expressed through the choice of location, the staging, as well as personnel and material decisions. Alexander did not aim to supercede the emperor, nor to achieve victory on specific issues in detail; instead, his goal throughout the schism seems to have been a return to peace and cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Obnovljeni zivot is the property of University of Zagreb, Society of Jesus and Faculty of Philosophy & Religious Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Between 1581 and 1584, Giovanni Francesco Bonomi represented the Pope and Roman Curia at the Imperial court of Rudolf II. His official correspondence is currently in preparation for publication. The spectacular case of Giacomo Paleologo, who was wanted by the Roman Inquisition, played a special role in the papal diplomat's agenda. After his arrest in Moravia and imprisonment in Klosterneuburg, Paleologo was handed over to the Roman authorities by Rudolf II at the urging of the Nuncio. The article deals with Paleologo's long stay in the Habsburg lands which was marked by numerous upheavals; the problem of his transfer from the Empire to the Roman „Tribunal of the Faith" (with an overview of other comparable prominent cases of extradition from a sovereign state – for example, Spain, Venice, Tuscany); and the course and organisation of the prisoner's transport to the Papal States where Paleologo was finally executed in 1585. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The involvement of Albert VI of Habsburg in the Diocese of Zagreb has so far not been the subject of exclusive research. It is intrinsically connected with two great conflicts that took place in the 1440s: the Hungarian succession war, and the schism between the Council of Basle and the Roman papacy. Albert VI was heavily involved in the succession war on the side of Queen Elizabeth, which enabled him to nominate a candidate for the then-vacant Bishopric of Zagreb. This candidate was his chancellor Peter Kottrer. He was confirmed as bishop of Zagreb by the Basle pope Felix V whom Albert supported. Albert's involvement in the diocese ended when he cast down and imprisoned Peter due to some unknown treason, but this episode demonstrates that the Habsburg engagement in medieval Slavonia and the Diocese of Zagreb was deep and complex as early as the mid-15 th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During his visit to Slovakia in 2021, Pope Francis delivered a speech in the Cathedral in Bratislava to bishops, priests, religious and all the believers. In it, he outlined what kind of Christian community we need today. Church should not be a fortress, power structure or a castle that looks down on the world from a distance and stands alone for itself. It should be the leaven that shapes the kingdom of love and peace from the dough of our world. According to the Pope, three realities play an important role in fulfilling this mission: freedom, creativity and dialogue. The Pope calls the Slovak Church to persevere in the journey of the freedom of the Gospel, the creativity of faith and dialogue arising from mercy of God who has made us brothers and sisters and calls us to be creators of peace and harmony. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The renowned theologian and liturgical scholar Hans-Joachim Schulz has passed away at the age of 91. He was an expert on the Christian East and was awarded an honorary doctorate for his work on the history of Byzantine liturgy. The article also mentions the awarding of the Pope Sylvester Order to church musician Franz Karl Praßl and the Vatican's permission to bless same-sex couples. The Austrian Bishops' Conference has published the church statistics for 2022, which show a slight decrease in the number of Catholics but overall stability at 4.73 million. Church attendance has increased compared to previous years but is still lower than before the COVID-19 pandemic. Biblical events such as Bible Week and the Day of Judaism were also held. The Bible Society bids farewell to Lea Gremm, who has supported the team for the past two years. [Extracted from the article]

The article endeavours to show that the concept of sacramentality is one of the key ones for grasping the overall vision of Joseph Ratzinger/Benedict XVI's theology. The German theologian does not refer the concept only to the seven sacramental signs of grace, but he uses it to interpret God's revelation in salvation (and creation) history, the Catholic interpretation of Sacred Scripture, insight into the mystery of the Church and the celebrated liturgy. Therefore, in this article the theme of sacramentality is taken up in its fundamental sense, in order to show that the material reveals the spiritual, that the past points to the future according to the 'promise-fulfilment' model. Sacramentality - according to Ratzinger - also refers to what man cannot produce by his own efforts, but must accept as a gift from God. Within these meanings, the sacramentality of creation, the Word and the Church as seen by the Bavarian cardinal and later pope will be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medieval Europe experienced great political, social, economic and religious disruption following the collapse of the Roman Empire. This chaotic environment continued until the Carolingian rule partially restored the "Pax Romana". After Charlemagne, with the weakening and eventual collapse of the Carolingian rule, Europe was again in turmoil. The Papacy established itself with Carolingian support and entered the process of institutionalization. However, the effects of the insecure environment in Europe also had an impact on the Papacy. In particular, this period was defined as Saeculum Obscurum (Dark Age) for the Papacy. After the withdrawal of Carolingian support, the Papacy and the office of the Pope came under the control of the nobles in Italy, especially in Rome. With this process, some traditions, rules and practices from the past began to break down. The Lateran Roman Church was seen as the property of certain families and individuals. As a result of this situation, the office of the Pope became the hereditary institution of the nobility. These noblemen ignored the rules of the past for the papal office and engaged in irregular behavior/practices In this position, the most unique pope was Pope IX. Benedictus. The main goal of this article is to evaluate various aspects of Pope IX. Benedictus's life and the Saeculum Obscurum (Dark Age) that the Papal state experienced through contemporary sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The last twenty years have brought profound changes in communication and technology. World leaders have extended their communication into the digital space. In the Catholic world, we speak of a digital papacy, seeing the growth of a community following the Pope on social media. Our study looks at how the language of the Holy See is changing in media-related texts published annually for World Communications Day. The research corpus consists of the messages of the last three popes – from 1995, when the vatican.va domain was created, up to 2022. Using textual analysis, we show that, in addition to the normal change in terminology, the approach of the popes as the ecclesiastical authorities to the community is changing, and the community itself is also changing. For example, the word 'must,' which was widely used in messages until the rise of social networks, has completely disappeared from the texts in the last few years. Our study leads us to posit that not only is there a change in how the popes address the Catholic community, but there is also a paradigm shift in society and culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ayer: Revista de Historia Contemporánea is the property of Asociacion de Historia Contemporanea and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)