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Copyright of Ciencia, Cuidado e Saude is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Revista de Enfermagem e Atenção à Saúde (REAS) is the property of Revista de Enfermagem e Atencao a Saude - Reas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia e Medicina Laboratorial is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Patologia Clinica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objetivo: Compreender a percepção de homens sobre seus próprios sentimentos, as repercussões das mudanças no estilo de vida e a participação familiar após infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM). Métodos: Estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, realizado entre março e junho de 2016, em Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil, no qual se aplicaram entrevistas semi-estruturadas a homens adultos que tiveram episódio de infarto. A análise das entrevistas se baseou na Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados (Grounded Theory), de onde emergiram as categorias explicativas: Sentimentos vivenciados pelos pacientes após diagnóstico de IAM; Repercussão da mudança no estilo de vida com enfoque na alimentação e atividade física; Envolvimento e suporte familiar. Resultados: Em meio aos diversos sentimentos que acompanham o diagnóstico de IAM, destacaram-se o medo da finitude e de desamparar a família. As mudanças no estilo de vida, como elemento essencial do tratamento não medicamentoso, eram iniciadas. Quanto à alimentação, porém, foram insuficientes, em parte, devido à falta de orientações nutricionais adequadas. No que se refere à prática de atividade física, havia conscientização adequada, mas prevaleceu a dificuldade de manutenção do novo hábito. As famílias se revelaram a fonte majoritária de apoio social, sendo decisivas nesse processo. A adesão demonstrou-se parcial, tendo a falta de continuidade como entrave principal. Conclusão: O sucesso do planejamento terapêutico contínuo depende da adesão dos usuários, com existência de dificuldades nesse aspecto, mesmo com suporte social adequado. Torna-se clara a necessidade da conscientização sobre prevenção secundária e seus benefícios, de educação alimentar e da manutenção da mudança de hábitos.

Objective: To investigate the potential value of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity as prognostic predictors in hospitalized elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction. Methods: A crosssectional study based on data collected from elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction, admitted to a public hospital located in the Northeastern region of Brazil, from April to July 2015. The diagnosis of sarcopenia was based on muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance measurements. Cardiovascular risk and prognostic markers, such as troponin and creatine kynase MB isoenzyme values, acute myocardial infarction classification according to ST segment elevation, and thrombolysis in myocardial infarction score were used. Results: The sample comprised 99 patients with mean age of 71.6 (±7.4) years. Prevalence of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity was 64.6% and 35.4%, respectively. Sarcopenia was more prevalent among males (p=0.017) aged >80 years (p=0.008). Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction was the only marker of cardiovascular risk significantly associated with sarcopenia (p=0.002). Conclusion: Prevalence of sarcopenia was high and associated with thrombolysis in myocardial infarction risk score. Sarcopenic obesity affected approximately one-third of patients and was not associated with any of the prognostic predictors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Enfermagem e Atenção à Saúde (REAS) is the property of Revista de Enfermagem e Atencao a Saude - Reas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: to analyze epidemiological and angiographic aspects of patients submitted to elective Coronary Transluminal Angioplasty at a referral hospital in cardiology in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. Methodology: This is an exploratory, descriptive, transversal research with a quantitative approach. Data collection occurred from April / 2017 to October / 2017. Results: 129 patients were included in the study, of which 65.8% were male. The pharmacological stent was more used in the procedures with 79 (61.2%). The femoral route predominated between the two sexes, with 29 (65.9%) between women and 54 (63.5%), in men. Conclusions: a predominance of male patients, elderly, low educational level, pardos, married and retired people. Angiographic analysis consists of patients with a predominance of implantation of one (1) stent of the pharmacological type, Anterior descending and Right coronary as treated coronaries, being the access puncture with greater prevalence to the femoral route. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Nursing UFPE / Revista de Enfermagem UFPE is the property of Revista de Enfermagem UFPE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cardiovascular rehabilitation consists of a multidisciplinary approach aimed at promoting the reintegration of the individual into society by improving physical, mental and social conditions. Within the multidisciplinary team, the physiotherapist, through the prescription of physical exercises, plays an important role in reducing the mortality rate and complications after the cardiovascular event. However, few individuals are engaged and referred to a cardiovascular rehabilitation program, making it difficult to understand the chronic adaptations to exercise. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cardiovascular physical therapy (CVFT) Phase II of the functional capacity in a patient with myocardial infarction (MI) recently. A man aged 42 was studied in the use of β-blocker, diagnosed with IM, 30 days after the event. The CVFT consisted of heating, physical conditioning and slowdown, with 1 hour duration and frequency of 3 times/week for 12 weeks. The patient underwent to electrocardiogram at rest and exercise test (ET) submaximal (up to 80% maximum heart rate predicted by age and corrected by measuring the β-blocker), on a treadmill and with continuous step protocol, in the pre moment (T1) and posttreatment (T2). At peak of effort and at the same workload, T2 showed improvement in consumption of oxygen reached, metabolic equivalent, systolic blood pressure, double product, heart rate and maximal myocardial oxygen compared to T1. The CVFT improved functional capacity of patient studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiac troponins T and I are considered highly sensitive and specific markers for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. Currently, a series of nonprimary cardiac abnormalities may manifest as an elevation in high-sensitive assays. The reduction in their detection limits has allowed earlier diagnosis and the use of evidence-based therapeutic measures; however, this characteristic has increased the spectrum of detectable noncoronary heart diseases, which poses challenges for characterizing acute coronary syndromes and creates a new role for these tests in known disorders in intensive care units, especially sepsis. Management of patients through a greater understanding of how these markers behave should be re-evaluated to ensure their correct interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Enfermagem Brasil is the property of Atlantica Editora and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Enfermagem Brasil is the property of Atlantica Editora and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Resumo Objetivo Analisar os tempos relacionados ao acesso de homens e mulheres com infarto do miocárdio a hospitais referência em cardiologia e a correlação entre eles. Métodos Pesquisa transversal, com 100 pessoas com infarto entrevistadas em hospitais referência em cardiologia. Dados analisados por estatística descritiva e inferencial, adotando-se significância estatística. Resultados Os tempos foram elevados (decisão para atendimento, chegada ao primeiro serviço de saúde, permanência na rede de atenção e admissão em hospitais referência em cardiologia), exceto o de transporte, sobretudo para mulheres. Houve maior contribuição do tempo de decisão na composição do tempo de chegada ao primeiro serviço de saúde e do tempo de permanência na rede na composição do tempo de chegada aos hospitais referência em cardiologia. Conclusão A longa espera por atenção especializada reflete a falta de estrutura dos serviços de saúde, e o tempo de decisão elevado reflete a falta do não reconhecimento do infarto pelos participantes.

Abstract Background: The kinetics of high-sensitivity troponin T (hscTnT) release should be studied in different situations, including functional tests with transient ischemic abnormalities. Objective: To evaluate the release of hscTnT by serial measurements after exercise testing (ET), and to correlate hscTnT elevations with abnormalities suggestive of ischemia. Methods: Patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary angioplasty were referred for ET 3 months after infarction. Blood samples were collected to measure basal hscTnT immediately before (TnT0h), 2 (TnT2h), 5 (TnT5h), and 8 hours (TnT8h) after ET. The outcomes were peak hscTnT, TnT5h/TnT0h ratio, and the area under the blood concentration-time curve (AUC) for hscTnT levels. Log-transformation was performed on hscTnT values, and comparisons were assessed with the geometric mean ratio, along with their 95% confidence intervals. Statistical significance was assessed by analysis of covariance with no adjustment, and then, adjusted for TnT0h, age and sex, followed by additional variables (metabolic equivalents, maximum heart rate achieved, anterior wall STEMI, and creatinine clearance). Results: This study included 95 patients. The highest geometric means were observed at 5 hours (TnT5h). After adjustments, peak hscTnT, TnT5h/TnT0h and AUC were 59% (p = 0.002), 59% (p = 0.003) and 45% (p = 0.003) higher, respectively, in patients with an abnormal ET as compared to those with normal tests. Conclusion: Higher elevations of hscTnT may occur after an abnormal ET as compared to a normal ET in patients with STEMI.

Abstract Background: Numerous studies show the benefits of exercise training after myocardial infarction (MI). Nevertheless, the effects on function and remodeling are still controversial. Objectives: To evaluate, in patients after (MI), the effects of aerobic exercise of moderate intensity on ventricular remodeling by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR). Methods: 26 male patients, 52.9 ± 7.9 years, after a first MI, were assigned to groups: trained group (TG), 18; and control group (CG), 8. The TG performed supervised aerobic exercise on treadmill twice a week, and unsupervised sessions on 2 additional days per week, for at least 3 months. Laboratory tests, anthropometric measurements, resting heart rate (HR), exercise test, and CMR were conducted at baseline and follow-up. Results: The TG showed a 10.8% reduction in fasting blood glucose (p = 0.01), and a 7.3-bpm reduction in resting HR in both sitting and supine positions (p < 0.0001). There was an increase in oxygen uptake only in the TG (35.4 ± 8.1 to 49.1 ± 9.6 mL/kg/min, p < 0.0001). There was a statistically significant decrease in the TG left ventricular mass (LVmass) (128.7 ± 38.9 to 117.2 ± 27.2 g, p = 0.0032). There were no statistically significant changes in the values of left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) and ejection fraction in the groups. The LVmass/EDV ratio demonstrated a statistically significant positive remodeling in the TG (p = 0.015). Conclusions: Aerobic exercise of moderate intensity improved physical capacity and other cardiovascular variables. A positive remodeling was identified in the TG, where a left ventricular diastolic dimension increase was associated with LVmass reduction.

Among all causes of preventable deaths, smoking is responsible for the greatest number of deaths worldwide and predisposes to fatal, noncommunicable diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases. Lifestyle changes are effective in the treatment of patients with smoking-related diseases and assist in the prevention of premature mortality. Our objective was to investigate the available scientific evidence regarding the psychological distress related to smoking cessation in patients who have had acute myocardial infarction. To that end, we conducted an integrative review of the literature in order to summarize relevant studies on this topic. The selected databases were Scopus, PubMed Central, Institute for Scientific Information Web of Science (Core Collection), ScienceDirect, EMBASE, SciELO, LILACS e PsycINFO. On the basis of the inclusion and exclusion criteria adopted for this study, 14 articles were selected for analysis. Those studies showed that the prevalence of psychological distress is higher among smokers than among nonsmokers, and distress-related symptoms are much more common in smokers with acute myocardial infarction than in those without. Smoking cessation depends on the active participation of the smoker, whose major motivation is the underlying disease. Most studies have shown that there is a need to create treatment subgroups as a means of improving the treatment provided. This review article expands the knowledge regarding smoking cessation and shows the need to invest in future research that investigates subgroups of smokers diagnosed with the major smoking-related comorbidities, such as acute myocardial infarction, in order to develop specific interventions and psychological support strategies.

Resumo Introdução: A prevenção da nefropatia induzida por contraste (NIC) é difícil nas situações de emergência, tornando essenciais estudos sobre NIC em pacientes submetidos à angioplastia de urgência. Objetivo: Determinar a incidência e fatores associados à NIC em pacientes com infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) submetidos à angioplastia nas primeiras 12 horas após início dos sintomas. Métodos: Foram estudados 201 casos consecutivos de IAM com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST com menos de 12 horas de evolução. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos ao mesmo protocolo de angioplastia. A NIC foi definida como elevação absoluta da creatinina de pelo menos 0,5 mg/dL e/ou aumento relativo da creatinina de 25% em relação ao valor basal no período entre 48 e 72 horas após a administração do contraste. As variáveis que diferiram entre os pacientes com e sem NIC na análise univariada foram analisadas por regressão logística. Resultados: A amostra foi formada por 135 (67,2%) homens e 66 (32,8%) mulheres com idade média de 66,6 ± 11,7 anos. A incidência de NIC foi de 23,8%. Na análise univariada os pacientes com NIC eram mais idosos e com maior frequência de fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo ≤ 40% e da classificação Killip ≥ 2. Na análise multivariada não foram encontrados preditores independentes de NIC. Conclusão: A NIC acomete ¼ dos pacientes com IAM submetidos à angioplastia sem variáveis preditoras. Esse resultado ressalta a necessidade de medidas preventivas para NIC após uso de contraste em angioplastia de urgência.

Abstract Background: The current guidelines dispose recommendations to manage antiplatelet agents in the perioperative period; however, the daily medical practices lack standardization. Objectives: To asses factors associated with inadequate management of antiplatelet agents in the perioperative period of non-cardiac surgeries. Methods: Cross-sectional Study conducted in hospital from October 2014 to October 2016. The study dependent variable was a therapy that did not comply with the recommendations in the Brazilian Association of Cardiology (SBC) guidelines. The independent variables included some characteristics, the people in charge of the management and causes of lack of adherence to those guidelines. Variables were included in the multivariate model. Analysis was based on the odds ratio (OR) value and its respective 95% confidence interval (CI) estimated by means of logistic regression with 5% significance level. Results: The sample was composed of adult patients submitted to non-cardiac surgeries and who would use acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) or clopidogrel (n = 161). The management failed to comply with the recommendations in the guidelines in 80.75% of the sample. Surgeons had the highest number of noncomplying orientations (n = 63). After multivariate analysis it was observed that patients with a higher level of schooling (OR = 0.24; CI95% 0.07-0.78) and those with a previous episode of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (OR = 0.18; CI95% 0.04-0.95) had a higher probability of using a therapy complying with the guidelines. Conclusion: Positive association between patients’ schooling level, or those with a history of previous AMI, with management of the use of aspirin and clopidogrel in the perioperative period of non-cardiac surgeries. However, diverging conducts stress the need of having internal protocol defined.

Abstract Background: The intracoronary high-thrombus burden during the primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) can lead to poor outcomes. Monocytes have been described to play an important role in thrombotic disorders. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between admission monocyte count and angiographic intracoronary thrombus burden in patients receiving primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). Methods: A total of 273 patients with acute STEMI who underwent PPCI were enrolled. The patients were divided into two groups according to the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) thrombus grade: low-thrombus burden group with a grade of 0-2 and high-thrombus burden group with a grade of 3-4. The monocyte count and other laboratory parameters were measured on admission before PPCI. P-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: There were 95 patients (34.8%) in the high-thrombus burden group, and 178 patients (65.2%) in the low-thrombus burden group. Patients with high-thrombus burden had significantly higher admission monocyte count (0.61 ± 0.29×109/L vs. 0.53 ± 0.24×109/L, p = 0.021). In multivariate analysis, monocyte count was the independent predictor of angiographic high-thrombus burden (odds ratio 3.107, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.199-7.052, p = 0.020). For the prediction of angiographic high-thrombus burden, admission monocyte count at a cut-off value of 0.48×109/L yielded 0.59 ROC-AUC (71.9% sensitivity, 46.9% specificity). Conclusions: Monocyte count on admission was an independent clinical predictor of high-thrombus burden in patients with STEMI undergoing PPCI. Our findings suggest that admission monocyte count may be available for early risk stratification of high-thrombus burden in acute STEMI patients and might allow the optimization of antithrombotic therapy to improve the outcomes of PPCI.

Abstract The best approach of multivessel coronary artery disease in the context of acute myocardial infarction with ST segment elevation and primary percutaneous coronary intervention is one of the main reasons for controversy in cardiology. Although the main global guidelines do not recommend routine complete revascularization in these patients, recent randomized clinical trials have demonstrated benefit of this approach in reducing cardiovascular outcomes. For this reason, an adequate review of this evidence is essential in order to establish scientifically based strategy and achieve better outcomes for these patients who present with acute myocardial infarction. This review aims to present objectively the most recent evidence available on this topic.

Background: Some studies have indicated alcohol abuse as one of the contributors to the development of cardiovascular disease, particularly coronary heart disease. However, this relationship is controversial. Objective: To investigate the relationship between post-acute coronary syndrome (ACS) alcohol abuse in the Acute Coronary Syndrome Registry Strategy (ERICO Study). Methods: 146 participants from the ERICO Study answered structured questionnaires and underwent laboratory evaluations at baseline, 30 days and 180 days after ACS. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) was applied to assess harmful alcohol consumption in the 12 months preceding ACS (30 day-interview) and six months after that. Results: The frequencies of alcohol abuse were 24.7% and 21.1% in the 12 months preceding ACS and six months after that, respectively. The most significant cardiovascular risk factors associated with high-risk for alcohol abuse 30 days after the acute event were: male sex (88.9%), current smoking (52.8%) and hypertension (58.3%). Six months after the acute event, the most significant results were replicated in our logistic regression, for the association between alcohol abuse among younger individuals [35-44 year-old multivariate OR: 38.30 (95% CI: 1.44-1012.56) and 45-54 year-old multivariate OR: 10.10 (95% CI: 1.06-96.46)] and for smokers [current smokers multivariate OR: 51.09 (95% CI: 3.49-748.01) and past smokers multivariate OR: 40.29 (95% CI: 2.37-685.93)]. Conclusion: Individuals younger than 54 years and smokers showed a significant relation with harmful alcohol consumption, regardless of the ACS subtype.

Background: Clinical in-stent restenosis (CISR) is the main limitation of coronary angioplasty with stent implantation. Objective: Describe the clinical and angiographic characteristics of CISR and the outcomes over a minimum follow-up of 12 months after its diagnosis and treatment. Methods: We analyzed in 110 consecutive patients with CISR the clinical presentation, angiographic characteristics, treatment and combined primary outcomes (cardiovascular death, nonfatal acute myocardial infarction [AMI]) and combined secondary (unstable angina with hospitalization, target vessel revascularization and target lesion revascularization) during a minimal follow-up of one year. Results: Mean age was 61 ± 11 years (68.2% males). Clinical presentations included acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in 62.7% and proliferative ISR in 34.5%. CISR was treated with implantation of drug-eluting stents (DES) in 36.4%, Bare Metal Stent (BMS) in 23.6%, myocardial revascularization surgery in 18.2%, balloon angioplasty in 15.5% and clinical treatment in 6.4%. During a median follow-up of 19.7 months, the primary outcome occurred in 18 patients, including 6 (5.5%) deaths and 13 (11.8%) AMI events. Twenty-four patients presented a secondary outcome. Predictors of the primary outcome were CISR with DES (HR = 4.36 [1.44–12.85]; p = 0.009) and clinical treatment for CISR (HR = 10.66 [2.53–44.87]; p = 0.001). Treatment of CISR with BMS (HR = 4.08 [1.75–9.48]; p = 0.001) and clinical therapy (HR = 6.29 [1.35–29.38]; p = 0.019) emerged as predictors of a secondary outcome. Conclusion: Patients with CISR present in most cases with ACS and with a high frequency of adverse events during a medium-term follow-up.

Introdução: Conhecer os vínculos e a estrutura de uma família após episódio de Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio. Materiais e Métodos: Pesquisa qualitativa e exploratória que representa um estudo de caso desenvolvido com uma das famílias participantes. A coleta de dados ocorreu no período de fevereiro a maio de 2012, por meio de observação no domicílio e entrevista com construção do genograma e ecomapa. A intensidade dos vínculos foi definida pela família conforme legenda do ecomapa. Resultados e Discussão: Trata-se de uma família que se encontra no estágio de saída dos filhos de casa, cujo pai apresentou infarto. Evidenciaram-se doenças familiares como hipertensão arterial e diabetes mellitus tipo II. Detectou-se vínculos fortes com os familiares, filhos e vizinha; fracos com o ambulatório de cardiologia e conflituosos com vizinhos. Conclusões: Foi possível conhecer a estrutura e os vínculos de uma família, após um de seus integrantes ter vivenciado o infarto agudo do miocárdio. Dessa maneira, acredita-se que este trabalho pode fornecer subsídios e reflexões para a prática de profissionais que atuam com famílias que vivenciam o infarto em seu contexto. Cómo citar este artículo: Garcia R, Budó ML, Viegas A, Cardoso D, Schwartz E, Muniz R. Estrutura e vínculos de uma família após infarto agudo do miocárdio. Rev Cuid. 2015; 6(1): 991-8.http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v6i1.142

Objetivou-se descrever os cuidados de enfermagem a mulheres com infarto agudo do miocárdio para promover conforto sociocultural. Estudo qualitativo, do tipo pesquisa-cuidado, fundamentado na Teoria do Conforto, realizado, em 2011, com nove mulheres admitidas por infarto agudo do miocárdio, em hospital público de Sobral-Ceará-Brasil. Foram realizados entrevista semiestruturada, observação participante, diário de campo e análise de conteúdo. O cuidado de enfer­magem voltado para o conforto sociocultural caracterizou-se como: mostrar-se disponível para cuidar, promover carinho, estabelecer vínculo e confiança; instigar momentos de encontro com as famílias; favorecer interação e bom relacionamento com os profissionais do hospital; e acomodar o cuidado à cultura das pesquisadas-cuidadas. Em conclusão, estes cuidados proporcionaram bem-estar e melhor adaptação diante da hospitalização de mulheres por infarto agudo do miocárdio. ABSTRACT Held in 2011, this study aimed at describing nursing care to women with acute myocardial infarction for socio­cultural comfort promotion. A qualitative study of the research-care type based on the Theory of Comfort, it was conducted with nine women staying at public hospital in Sobral, Ceará, Brazil for acute myocardial infarction. It used semi-structured interviews, participant observation, field diary, and content analysis. Nursing care focused on sociocultural comfort was characterized as readiness to care, to foster care, to establish bond and trust; additionally. it meant to favor interaction and good rapport between families and hospital staff, as well as to accommodate care to the culture of those research subjects receiving care. In conclusion, that care provided wellness and improved adaptation to hospitalization in the case of women with acute myocardial infarction. RESUMEN El objetivo fue describir la atención de enfermería a mujeres con infarto agudo del miocardio para promover bienestar sociocultural. Estudio cualitativo, tipo investigación-atención, basado en la Teoría de Confort, llevado a cabo, en 2011, con nueve mujeres ingresadas por infarto agudo del miocardio, en hospital público de Ceará, Sobral, Brasil, a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas, observación participante, diario de campo y análisis de contenido. La atención de enfermería para el confort sociocultural se ha centrado en la disposición para cuidar; promover cariño, establecer vínculo y confianza; estimular momentos de encuentro con las familias; favorecer interacción y buenas relaciones con los profesionales del hospital; y acomodar el cuidar a la cultura de las participantes. En conclusión, la atención ha ofrecido bienestar y mejor adaptación delante de la hospitalización de las mujeres con infarto agudo del miocardio. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/reuerj.2014.15693

Background: In pathological situations, such as acute myocardial infarction, disorders of motility of the proximal gut can trigger symptoms like nausea and vomiting. Acute myocardial infarction delays gastric emptying (GE) of liquid in rats. Objective: Investigate the involvement of the vagus nerve, α 1-adrenoceptors, central nervous system GABAB receptors and also participation of paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus in GE and gastric compliance (GC) in infarcted rats. Methods: Wistar rats, N = 8-15 in each group, were divided as INF group and sham (SH) group and subdivided. The infarction was performed through ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. GC was estimated with pressure-volume curves. Vagotomy was performed by sectioning the dorsal and ventral branches. To verify the action of GABAB receptors, baclofen was injected via icv (intracerebroventricular). Intravenous prazosin was used to produce chemical sympathectomy. The lesion in the PVN of the hypothalamus was performed using a 1mA/10s electrical current and GE was determined by measuring the percentage of gastric retention (% GR) of a saline meal. Results: No significant differences were observed regarding GC between groups; vagotomy significantly reduced % GR in INF group; icv treatment with baclofen significantly reduced %GR. GABAB receptors were not conclusively involved in delaying GE; intravenous treatment with prazosin significantly reduced GR% in INF group. PVN lesion abolished the effect of myocardial infarction on GE. Conclusion: Gastric emptying of liquids induced through acute myocardial infarction in rats showed the involvement of the vagus nerve, alpha1- adrenergic receptors and PVN.

Introduction: Acute myocardial infarction is a social health problem of epidemiological relevance, with high levels of morbidity and mortality. Stress is one of the modifiable risk factors that triggers acute myocardial infarction. Stress is a result of a set of physiological reactions, which when exaggerated in intensity or duration can lead to imbalances in one's organism, resulting in vulnerability to diseases. Objective: To identify the presence of stress and its phases in hospitalized and active labor market patients with unstable myocardial infarction and observe its correlation with the life of this population with stress. Methods: The methodology used was a quantitative, descriptive and transversal research approach conducted with a total of 43 patients, who were still active in the labor market, presenting or not morbidities. Data collection occurred on the fourth day of their hospitalization and patients responded to Lipp's Stress Symptom Inventory for adults. Results: Thirty-one patients (72.1%) presented stress and twelve (27.8%) did not. In patients with stress, the identified phases were: alert - one patient (3.2%); resistance -twenty-two patients (71.0%); quasi-exhaustion - six patients (19.4%) and exhaustion - two patients (6.5%). All women researched presented stress. Conclusion: The results suggest a high level of stress, especially in the resistance phase, in the male infarcted population, hospitalized and active in the labor market.

Objective: An unclear issue is whether gender may influence at cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). We evaluated left ventricle remodeling in female and male rats post-MI. Methods: Rats were submitted to anterior descending coronary occlusion. Echocardiographic evaluations were performed on the first and sixth week post-occlusion to determine myocardial infarction size and left ventricle systolic function (FAC, fractional area change). Pulsed Doppler was applied to analyze left ventricle diastolic function using the following parameters: E wave, A wave, E/A ratio. Two-way ANOVA was applied for comparisons, complemented by the Bonferroni test. A P≤=0.05 was considered significant. Results: There were no significant differences between genders for morphometric parameters on first (MI [Female (FE): 44.0±5.0 vs. Male (MA): 42.0±3.0%]; diastolic [FE: 0.04±0.003 vs. MA: 0.037±0.005, mm/g] and systolic [FE: 0.03±0.0004 vs. MA: 0.028±0.005, mm/g] diameters of left ventricle) and sixth (MI [FE: 44.0±5.0 vs. MA: 42.0±3.0, %]; diastolic [FE: 0.043±0.01 vs. MA: 0.034±0.005, mm/g] and systolic [FE: 0.035±0.01 vs. MA: 0.027±0.005, mm/g] of LV) week. Similar findings were reported for left ventricle functional parameters on first (FAC [FE: 34.0±6.0 vs. MA: 32.0±4.0, %]; wave E [FE: 70.0±18.0 vs. MA: 73.0±14.0, cm/s]; wave A [FE: 20.0±12.0 vs. MA: 28.0±13.0, cm/s]; E/A [FE: 4.9±3.4 vs. MA: 3.3±1.8]) and sixth (FAC [FE: 29.0±7.0 vs. MA: 31.0±7.0, %]; wave E [FE: 85.0±18.0 vs. MA: 87.0±20.0, cm/s]; wave A [FE: 20.0±11.0 vs. MA: 28.0±17.0, cm/s]; E/A [FE: 6.2±4.0 vs. MA: 4.6±3.4]) week. Conclusion: Gender does not influence left ventricle remodeling post-MI in rats.

Introduction: Perioperative myocardial infarction adversely affects the prognosis of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft and its diagnosis was hampered by numerous difficulties, because the pathophysiology is different from the traditional instability atherosclerotic and the clinical difficulty to be characterized. Objective: To identify the frequency of perioperative myocardial infarction and its outcome in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft. Methods: Retrospective cohort study performed in a tertiary hospital specialized in cardiology, from May 01, 2011 to April 30, 2012, which included all records containing coronary artery bypass graft records. To confirm the diagnosis of perioperative myocardial infarction criteria, the Third Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction was used. Results: We analyzed 116 cases. Perioperative myocardial infarction was diagnosed in 28 patients (24.1%). Number of grafts and use and cardiopulmonary bypass time were associated with this diagnosis and the mean age was significantly higher in this group. The diagnostic criteria elevated troponin I, which was positive in 99.1% of cases regardless of diagnosis of perioperative myocardial infarction. No significant difference was found between length of hospital stay and intensive care unit in patients with and without this complication, however patients with perioperative myocardial infarction progressed with worse left ventricular function and more death cases. Conclusion: The frequency of perioperative myocardial infarction found in this study was considered high and as a consequence the same observed average higher troponin I, more cases of worsening left ventricular function and death.