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We present high statistics measurements of the energy-energy correlation (EEC) and its related asymmetry (AEEC) ine+e− annihilation at a c.m. energy of 34.6 GeV. We find that the energy dependence as well as the large angle behaviour of the latter are well described by perturbative QCD calculations toOα(s2). Non-perturbative effects are estimated with the help of fragmentation models in which different jet topologies are separated using (ɛ, δ) cuts, and found to be small. The extracted values of\(\Lambda _{\overline {MS} }\) lie between 100 and 300 MeV.

The processγγπ+π− has been measured with complete particle identification. Cross-sections are presented from near threshold up to the region of thef(1270). In the mass range 0.5–0.7 GeV, crosssections are lower than the Born term predictions and show no evidence for an e(600). The two-photon width of thef(1270) is found to be in agreement with previous results.

In the analysis of the reactione+e−→e+e−KS0Ks0 clear evidence for exclusive γγ→f2′ resonance production is observed. The productΓγγ ·B(f2′→K\(\bar K\)) is measured to be 0.10−0.03−0.02+0.04+0.03 keV independent of ana priori assumption on the helicity structure. Our data are consistent with a pure helicity 2 contribution and we derive an upper limit for the ratioΓγγ(0)/Γγγ. The absence of events in the mass region around 1.3 GeV clearly proves destructivef2−a2 interference and allows to measure the relative phases betweenf2,a2 andf2′. Upper limits on the production of the glueball candidate statesf2(1720) andX(2230) as well as theKS0KS0-continuum are given.

6 cases of suicide by hanging with delayed death are presented in tables laying out the circumstances and the findings. All the persons involved remained continuously unconscious after initially successful reanimation; two were at this time already dead. The survival times lay between 18 hours and 4 days. In two cases intravital vertebral death occurred. In the other cases death was due indirectly to hypoxial brain-damage which had led to a greater or lesser extent to elective parenchymal necrosis. In 3 of 4 histologically investigated cases there was evidence of extensive cell destruction in the PCA muscle which was, however, not specifically related to the process of hanging since lesions of this nature also occur with other cases of delayed death after reanimation. In 7th case the problems encountered in compiling an expert opinion are discussed in cases where there are no corresponding procedural details. A 44 year old man died 3 weeks after having been submitted to bondage in a brothel at his own request (including binding of the neck). Compression of the throat with emphasis on one side was evident resulting in extensive ganglial cell damage in one half of the cerebral cortex.

Remarkable autopsy findings in persons who had suffocated as a result of closure of the mouth and nose by sand (without the body being buried) induced us to investigate some aspects of this situation by means of a simple experiment. A barrel (diameter 36.7 cm) with a mouthpiece in the bottom was filled with sand to a depth of 15, 30, 60, or 90 cm. The subject tried to breathe as long as possible through the sand, while the amount of sand inspired was measured. Pressure and volume of the breath, as well as the O2 and CO2 content were also measured. A respiratory volume of up to 31 was possible, even when the depth was 90 cm. After about 1 min in all trials, the subject's shortness of breath forced us to stop the experiment. Measurement of O2 and CO2 concentrations proved that respiratory volume in and out of the sand shifts to atmospheric air without gas exchange, even when the sand depth is 15 cm. Sand aspiration depended on the moisture of the material: when the sand was dry, it was impossible to avoid aspiration. However, even a water content of only 5% prevented aspiration, although the sand seemed to be nearly dry.

Mit dem Wohlstand der Bevolkerung scheint die Pravalenz des Harnsteinleidens, v.a. der Calciurnurolithiasis zu steigen. Robertson (5) erklart dies durch einen vermehrten Konsum von tierischem Eiweis, wodurch die Ausscheidung von Calcium, Oxalat und Harnsaure im Urin zunimmt.

Unter den urologischen Erkrankungen nimmt die Urolithiasis eine fuhrende Position ein. In den letzten 20–30 Jahren ist ein sprunghafter Anstieg dieser Erkrankung zu verzeichnen. Vahlensieck und Mitarbeiter (6) stellten 1980 in einer Infasumfrage unter 10130 Bundesburgern eine Inzidenz von 0,54% und eine Pravalenz des Harnsteinleidens von 4,02% fur das Jahr 1979 fest.

Eleven cases are reported in which death occurred because of suffocation as a result of occlusion of the respiratory tract by sand (without thoracic compression: 3 cases) or being buried alive (8 cases). Two tables demonstrate the findings and circumstances in the events. Three cases are described in detail. A 22-year-old woman was manhandled by blows and kicks to the head and neck. She became unconscious and her head and neck were covered by a layer of sand so that she suffocated. A 42-year-old man was smothered, while unconscious, in a prone position with his face in the sand, after hard blows to the head by two culprits. A 17-year-old girl finally died by chocking. Previously the culprit had pressed her face into the ground, so that she aspirated particles of soil. The question of vital reactions during aspiration of sand was investigated by microscopic examination of the content of the air passage and by destroying parts of the lungs by sulphuric acid. Minimal aspiration of sand occurred in all cases. Although the postmortal remains were left in the ground, there was no postmortem penetration of sand into the air passage. Histological examinations were carried out to support the diagnosis of violent suffocation. In some cases, there were remarkable findings (mobilization of alveolar cells, hepatocelullar hydropic degeneration), but there were no typical or unanimous findings that pertained to all cases.

A 26-year-old motorcyclist bounced against the side of a turning car with about the speed of 70 km/h. On admission to the clinic, he was awake with stable circulation. The main injuries were contusion of the chest with pneumothorax on the right side, blunt trauma of the abdomen without hematoperitoneum, and a fracture of the right femur. There was no visible trauma of the head, but only circumscribed cutaneous bleeding on the right side of the neck. About 16 h later, he showed an alteration in his level of consciousness and gradually "malignant" cerebral infarction of the left hemisphere with increasing intracranial pressure developed. Brain function began to cease and death occurred on the 4th day. The autopsy revealed neither traumatic damage to the skull, brain or cervical spine, nor were there pathological findings in the cerebral vessels. The main damage consisted of multiple dissections of the inner wall of the left internal carotid artery and the left medial cerebral artery. Proceeding from a temporarily sealed tear of the extracranial vessel, a large intramural hemorrhage had occurred between the media and adventitia and had compressed the lumen completely. The intracranial portion was closed by expanding thrombosis. These lesions are of indirect origin and are the result of vast overstretching of the arteries by the head turning over the edge of the top of the car. The victim was found at once after the crash with his body hanging the deeply dented side of the car and the head (with the helmet on) on the roof.

Ein 47jahriger Mann wurde zu Boden geschlagen und liegend gegen den Kopf getreten (linksseitige Gesichtsschadelfrakturen); alsbaldige Bewustlosigkeit und bei Klinikeinlieferung Diagnose eines Hamatocephalus internus. Trotz Drainagen massive Hirndrucksteigerungen, Hirntod nach 8 Tagen. Quelle der todlichen Subarachnoidalblutung mit Einbruch in die Ventrikel war eine fast vollige Zerreisung der linken A. cerebelli inf. post; an der Rupturstelle war ein traumatisches Aneurysma in Entstehung. Die kontralaterale A. vertebralis zeigte im Bereich C1 und C2 ein ausgedehntes obturierendes dissezierendes Aneurysma sowie Wandrisse des Hauptstammes und eines Muskelastes.

The inner soft tissues of the larynx (i.e., true vocal cord, false vocal cord, paralaryngeal space) were examined by special preparation of the larynx: thyroid cartilage was detached from the cricoid and the laryngeal cords, which could then be examined. Bleeding (not visible before) was found in 18 of 40 cases of persons killed by throttling or choking; bleeding occurred whenever blunt trauma of the throat had taken place (n = 8). Hemorrhage develops even in cases without damage to the laryngeal skeleton; this bleeding can result from direct compression of the larynx (large and not well defined bleeding) and can originate indirectly (small hemorrhages mostly in the vocal muscles). The finding of hemorrhages like this can help to demonstrate that the victim has undergone a violent attack on the throat.

A post mortem examination of a 29 year-old man who had committed suicide by shooting himself in the head revealed pronounced discoloration of the contents of the intestines and an intensive odour of garlic from the organs. Chemical examination gave no indications for pesticides; the coloring matter was identified by electrophoresis as a constituent of beetroot.

A 62-year old man was found killed by multiple blows against the face and head; near the victim a hammer with broken grip, a bended saw (weight 142 g), and in the possession of the doer two hatchets. Some straigt, parallel, horizontal wounds in the face with smooth lips and straigt incisions of the maxilla first were interpreted as violations by hatchet. The culprit confessed attacks by hammer and saw, but not by hatchet. Experimental blows with a saw like the used on the leg of a corpse showed an unexpected result: it was possible to produce wounds of the soft-tissues and the bone similar to those by hatchets.

Suizide durch Verwendung von Schuswaffen bilden — mit geographischen Unterschieden — einen hohen Anteil der Selbsttotungen [3,10]. Bevorzugte Lokalisation sind der Kopf, insbesondere die (rechte) Schlafenregion, sowie der Brustbereich (Herzschus), da hier ein rascher und sicherer Erfolg erwartet wird. Werden kleinkalibrige Waffen verwendet oder ist die Geschosenergie aus anderen Grunden (umgebaute Waffen) niedrig, so mus aber auch beim Kopfschus keinesfalls eine rasche Handlungsunfahigkeit einsetzen [2, 3, 4, 9,10], sondern es konnen noch weitere Schusse durch eigene Hand abgegeben werden. So wurden wiederholt Suizide mit 2 Kopfschussen [1, 5, 6, 7, 11] mitgeteilt, Reh [7] zitiert 3 Beobachtungen mit 3 und sogar eine mit 4 Kopfschussen; bei Brustschussen wurden Suizide mit 5 [8] und auch 9 [3] Schusverletzungen untersucht.

An 86-year old woman suffered blows with a forearm in a cast against the face and the neck. She was found dead some days later in a sitting position with heap of vomit beneath the corps. Autopsy showed extended haematoma and excoriations of the left side of the face and the neck. The mandibula and the left zygomatic arc were broken, just as the greater horns of the hyoid and the left upper and lower horne of thyroid cartilage. The main finding was a massive haematoma of the inner soft tissues of the larynx with a severe stenosis of the lumen. The haematoma was demonstrated by frontal section of the larynx, an unusual method in routine examination. Since this section was used in the autopsy especially of persons that died by strangulation, little bleedings in the false and true vocal cords were found in some cases.

Bericht uber zwei misgluckte Erhangungsversuche mit protrahiertem Todeseintritt. Im ersten Fall war ein 41 jahriger Mann nach Ris des Strickes noch 160 m weit gegangen, eine beidseitige Carotisruptur und Thrombose hatte zum Hirntod gefuhrt. Im anderen Fall wies die leukozytare Reaktion an der inneren Strangmarke bei einem 22 Jahre alten Drogensuchtigen darauf hin, das der Erhangungsversuch mit einem Gurtel noch langere Zeit uberlebt worden war. Die technischen Befunde am Tatwerkzeug sowie die morphologischen Veranderungen an der Strangmarke werden demonstriert und kurz erortert.

Detailed report of 5 cases of violation with gas or warning firearms, 3 of them lethal. In one case a modified weapon (elongated barrel) and steel bullets were used, resulting in shot of the head with retained missile and lethal bleeding. In the other cases, regular weapons (8 or 9 mm cartridges) were used for contact shots; violation occurred only by the effect of powder gases. One of these cases was a suizide (lethal temporal gunshot), in the other cases shots by another person: a) shot against the arm with large soft-tissue damage (survived); b) and c) shot against the neck with exceeding rupture of the soft tissues, minimal damage of the neck arteries and in one cases bilateral tears of the hypopharynx. In this case a delayed death after primarily well operated injury occurred after 12 days by bleeding into the airways from ruptured external carotid artery.

In the preceding publication (see p. 1) the question arose of how to explain the longitudinal tears of the vertebral arteries at the departure of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery, that occur as origin of fatal subarachnoidal hemorrhage subsequent to blunt forces against the head. As the result of calculation of flow dynamics in a right-angled branching a curvature of the main vessel opposite to the flow in the branch develops. If the main vessel is unable to evade, the branch will be impressed into the main vessel in a piston-like manner. An experiment with silicon tubes succeeded to produce longitudinal tears resembling to those described by Krauland. Traumatic increase of pressure and stress of the vessels are considered the most likely cause of longitudinal ruptures of the basal arteries.

Anhand von 265 histologisch untersuchten Kehlkopfpraparaten gerichtlicher Obduktionsfalle (darunter 73 Totungen durch Strangulation; 93 ubrige gewaltsame sowie 79 naturliche Todesfalle) werden die Phanomenologie, die Haufigkeit und die Altersabhangigkeit als degenerativ imponierender Veranderungen im M. cricoarytanoideus posterior untersucht. Bereits in mittlerem Lebensalter zeigt ein groser Anteil der Falle Kernanomalien, Faserdestruktion, z. T. auch Atrophien; Veranderungen, die zumindest in dieser Auspragung an anderen Kehlkopfmuskeln (und an der ubrigen Skelettmuskulatur) nicht beobachtet werden konnen. Es handelt sich um Folgen einer dauerhaften Uberbeanspruchung (Alterungsprozes); der M. posticus ist offenbar ferner gegenuber verschiedenen Schadigungen besonders empfindlich. Den degenerativen Befunden kommt wohl keine wesentliche klinische Bedeutung zu; sie mussen aber berucksichtigt werden, wenn (mikroskopische) Folgen akuter Insulte am Kehlkopf bewertet werden sollen.

The intrinsic muscles of the larynx were prepared in 265 forensic postmortems (death by strangulation: 73; other violent deaths: 93, natural death: 79, others: 20) for a histological examination. Muscle-fiber alterations were found in the (macroscopically normal) PCA muscle in most cases where the persons were of middle age or older. There were abnormalities such as rows or clumps of nuclei (also inside muscle fibers), the accumulation of lipofuscin pigment, focal or total necrosis of muscle fibers with or without predominant histiocytic infiltration, atrophic muscle cells, and fibrosis. The changes were mostly mild (normal muscle cells predominated) but clearly visible. If there had been acute damage to the larynx (for instance, death some time after attempted strangulation), these preexistent alterations must be taken into consideration when interpreting the microscopical findings.

Examples for data processing in forensic medicine: special functions of text programs as mail-function or working with flourishs allow effectual working of printed forms or simple making of bills with adjustment of all individual data and automatic calculating. Based upon a frame of the always necessary text passages and 15 data files of flourishs (one belonging to each letter) an autopsy report was builded up. Using th database program dBase III plus the postmortems of the last 10 years (nearly 6000 cases) were registered (about 50 variables). Evaluation followed from a selfmade program, which supplies two sides tables. The organization of the bibliography (beginning already in subscription) and the administration of (several thousand) dia slides was managed by this database program too.

Report on 3 cases of intraoperative death during total hip replacement in treatment of transcervical fracture of the femur, using acrylic bone cement. The patients were two female (83 and 87 years-old) and one male (78 years old), who suffered from a sudden fall at home. Autopsy revealed massive fat embolism (FE) of the lung and in one case also in the other organs; in 2 cases this FE was the cause of death alone, in the third case together with an unusual severe coronary heart disease (heart weight 700 g). Discussion of the medico-legal aspects, i.e. the coincidence of FE of different causes (traumatic, by operation, by reanimation). Reflections on the certainty to attribute the death to specific (in particular deficient) technical factors.

The 202 deaths connected with burns in 1976-1986 included 134 in which death occurred during the fire. In 49 cases the face was so badly charred that it was not possible to judge whether hemorrhage had occurred in the eyelids and/or conjuctivae. Such blood extravasation was seen in 14 of the remaining 85 cases, taking the form of petechiae in some cases and in others the form associated with more extensive extravasation, in some cases hemolytic. No other features known to cause such hemorrhages were present, so that they are attributed to the burning process itself. Signs of extensive pronounced burns were found in 13 of these cases, and it seemed that high-degree burns on the neck and trunk with less severe burns on the head were particularly likely to be associated with such hemorrhages. In most cases the flames had quickly come into direct contact with the body (clothing, bed or chair had caught fire), leading to rapid death, as documented by the fact that usually very little or no soot at all had been aspirated and by the low level of carbon monoxide intoxication (max. COHb 22%). One plausible explanation for the development of hemorrhage is the supposition first expressed over 20 years ago that when the circulation is maintained rapid burn-induced shrinkage of the skin of the neck has the effect of strangulating the victim; hemorrhage of eyelids and/or conjunctivae in such cases be could regarded as a vital reaction to the effect of fire. This is particularly significant, insofar as evidence of hemorrhage of this kind was found predominantly in bodies in which other vital signs indicative of the effects of burning were sparse and slight or even totally absent. In addition, specific examination of the laryngeal area revealed congestion-induced extravasation at various points, as well as petechial hemorrhage in the mucous membrane.

Ausgehend von der Untersuchung mehrerer Totungsdelikte mit Verschlus der Atemoffnung der Opfer durch Sand wurden Modellversuche zur Atmung durch verschieden dicke Sandschichten (bis 90 cm) mit Kontrolle der Atemgase und des Druckes sowie zur Frage des Umfanges der Sandaspiration in solchen Fallen durchgefuhrt. Es kommt auch schon bei dunner Sandschicht (15 cm) zur Totraumventilation mit der in der Sandschicht in unmittelbarer Nahe der Atemoffnungen befindlichen Luft mit Anstieg der CO2- und Abfall der O2-Konzentration. Auch bei 90 cm dicker Schicht sind noch Atemvolumina von bis zu 31 moglich. Das Ausmas einer Sandaspiration hangt in erster Linie von der Feuchtigkeit des Sandes ab: schon bei einem Wassergehalt von rund 5% kann sie fast vollig ausbleiben.

The objects of examination were two legs and two arms that were recovered at different times from waters traveled on by motor ships. The right leg was exarticulated at the hip joint, as was the right arm at the shoulder joint. Identification was complicated since both thumbs were exarticulated at the basal joints; the fingers II to V, respectively, were partially amputated. Identity (57-year-old vocational school teacher) could be established nevertheless by a number of anatomic findings (such as Dupuytren's contracture, coxitis, hallux rigidus), the blood group "O" was tatooed on the inner side of the left upper arm. The results of the laboratory examinations were only of limited use due to advanced decomposition (beginning formation of adipocere). Special attention should be given to the fact that on the same part of the corpse there were signs of defensive corpse dismemberment and injuries from a ship's propeller as well. Under no circumstances can an examination of the bones, after thorough maceration, be dispensed with; X-ray examinations are also imperative in cases of this nature.

The case of an 47-year-old man is reported, who was injured in a fight while under the influence of alcohol. The culprit knocked him down and stamped several times on the left side of his head. The victim became unconscious. At the hospital, subarachnoid hemorrhage and massive ventricular bleeding was diagnosed via CT. Despite the implantation of a ventricular shunt, there was repeated massive cerebral pressure and arterial bleeding. Brain death occurred after 8 days. The main finding at autopsy was nearly complete disruption of the left inferior posterior cerebellar artery as the source of the lethal bleeding. The histological examination showed some additional, incomplete ruptures of this vessel and of the left intracranial vertebral artery. This is a typical result of "minor head injuries" sustained in fights: arterial rupture (ipsilateral) as a result of overstretching. Fracture of the left zygomatic arch and maxilla; no skull fracture; no primary traumatic brain damage. The extracranial carotid arteries were intact. When the vertebral arteries were examined (in the undamaged cervical spine), there was a surprising finding: distant dissection of the right vertebral artery between C1 and C2, which perhaps occurred as a result of compression (contralateral to the impact) of this region.

Sixty-one cases of hemorrhaging of the laryngeal muscles are reported among 86 deaths due to compression of the neck (strangulation by ligature and/or with the hands, blunt force); the results of histological examinations of these cases (laryngeal muscles; hemorrhaging of the cervical muscles and tongue in numerous cases) are discussed, as well as 55 comparative cases (natural, violent death) with regard to vital changes from the hemorrhaging aspect. Although sanguineous infiltration of the laryngeal muscles can occur after death (prone position), it differs macroscopically and in some cases also microscopically from the vital type: extensive bleeding on the inside of the larynx or dorsally above the larynx (PCA muscle), possible combined with histologically detectable ruptures of muscle cells, must be viewed as the result of laryngeal compression suffered when still alive. No clear-cut evidence of emigration or infiltration of leukocytes was found in the cases of immediately fatal strangulation, but there was occasional evidence (6 cases) when protracted maltreatment had taken place. Although there was no clear correlation with age, sex, type of impact, cause of death, or amount of laryngeal bleeding, in 25 of the 61 cases leukocytes were sometimes detectable in enormous amounts within the extravasation; the ratio exceeded that to be expected from the composition of the blood. Findings of this nature have also been made in cases of vital bleeding in other violent or natural deaths; they are not a cell reaction in the proper sense but, when distinctly marked, a vital event--at least in the laryngeal region. These findings can support the assumption of the amount of hemorrhaging in deaths in which the survival time was inadequate for a leukocyte emigration. In 20 cases such findings were combined with localized leucocytosis, which is regarded as an early vital reaction.

A method of preparing the larynx in forensic cases is described especially when death occurs by strangulation (manually or using some form of ligature). After the usual dissection of the hyoid bone and the upper horns of the thyroid cartilage, the complete larynx is clipped and fixed in formaldehyde overnight. The first part of dissection after that is to cut away the thyroid gland and the remaining muscles in front of the larynx, except for the cricothyroid muscle and the esophagus and hypopharynx from the back of the larynx. The complete thyroid cartilage is dissected out, and then a horizontal cut is made through the cricoid cartilage. Median-sagittal halving of the remaining larynx completes the gross dissection. Arytenoid cartilages are exposed by dissection of the arytenoid muscles and opening the cricoarytenoid joints. Now all parts of the laryngeal skeleton and all articulations are examined, and all muscles and soft tissues are visible and can be clipped for histological examination.

Detaillierte Beschreibung von drei Totungsdelikten, bei denen ein Verschlus der Atemoffnungen durch Sand oder Erde (ohne gleichzeitige Verschuttung des ganzen Korpers) als zum Tode beitragende Bedingung zu erortern war. Tabellarische Ubersicht der Umstande und Befunde von zwei weiteren Totungsfallen sowie sechs Unglucksfallen durch Verschuttung. Wei bei anderen Erstickungsarten kann die Todesursache meist nur indirekt abgeleitet werden. Bei aufgrund der Fundsituation oder eines Aspirationsbefundes anzunehmenden Erstickungsvorgang entstehen unter Umstanden Schwierigkeiten der Abgrenzung bei weiteren, potentiell todesursachlichen Verletzungen. Histologische Untersuchungen konnen unter gunstigen Bedingungen die Reihenfolge verschiedener Einwirkungen klaren helfen. Im Hinblick auf vitale Reaktionen auf den Erstickungsvorgang ergab die Histologie in einigen Fallen bemerkenswerte Befunde, jedoch kein insgesamt einheitliches Bild. Sandpartikel werden (auch bei freier Thoraxexkursion) nur in geringem Umfang aspiriert. Dem subtilen, auch topographische Gesichtspunkte einschliesenden Nachweis des Fremdmaterials in Atemwegen und Lungen kommt eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Bei der Interpretation dieses Befundes wird eine Unterscheidung, ob es sich um ein nicht entscheidendes, agonales Aspirieren oder um einen todlichen Erstickungsvorgang gehandelt hat, auserordentlich schwierig und manchmal auch nicht sicher moglich sein.

Report of two cases of strangulation by hand. There were large submucous bleedings of the larynx (both sides of conus elasticus) of symmetrical arrangement, near the vocal processes of the arytenoid cartilages. They are believed to be the result of the violent contact of the vocal folds during laryngeal compression; perhaps while the arytenoid cartilages were subluxated inwards and downwards. Bleedings like this indicate the closure of the airway. In one case (50-year old woman) the ossified cricoid was broken; in the other (21-year old woman) the elastic laryngeal skeleton was intact, but large bleedings of the deeper tissues of both vocal folds indicated the vehement compression too. The analysis of 110 cases of attack against the neck (strangulation by hand -n = 30- or ligature -n = 30- alone or together -n = 32-; blunt force: n = 8, other types: n = 10) showed in 7 additional cases less typical but similar bleedings, especially in strangulation by hand.

During the consecutive examination of the larynges of (81) deceased persons (strangulation by hand and/or ligature, blunt force against the neck, from other persons), the cricothyroid and cricoarytenoid-articulations were prepared and opened, and capsular or articular cavity hemorrhaging was found in 30% of all cases; a clear distinction being found between effect of manual strangulation (43%) or blunt trauma (44%) on the one hand and strangulation by ligature alone (9%) on the other. The greater the extent of injury to the cartilages the more articular lesions are found as an expression of the mechanical load on the entire laryngohyoid structure.

A 34 years old man shot himself by a selfmade muzzle-loader. He pluged one end of a waterpipe, used a cylindrical lead shot (Cal. 1.2 cm, length 2.15 cm, mass 22.7 g), special black powder (about 4 g, from fire-crackers; powder with an admixture of aluminium) and kindled the weapon in front of his chest by a slowmatch. He died immediately by retained missile of chest. The weapon flew away like a rocket. Unused projectils and powder (found in the flat) and the uninjured pipe allowed to copy the event. Velocity and energy of shot and weapon were determined, also the recoil of the pipe and the highest force of a hand to hold it fast. Experimental investigations and calculations correspondet well to the findings af the case.