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Parkia speciosa is a food plant that grows indigenously in Southeast Asia. A great deal of interest has been paid to this plant due to its traditional uses in the treatment of several diseases. The pods contain many beneficial secondary metabolites with potential applications in medicine and cosmetics. However, studies on their phytochemical properties are still lacking. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to profile the bioactive compounds of P. speciosa pods collected from six different regions of Malaysia through ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) and &alpha, glucosidase inhibitory potential. This study applied metabolomics to elucidate the differences between P. speciosa populations found naturally in the different locations and to characterize potential &alpha, glucosidase inhibitors from P. speciosa pods. P. speciosa collected from different regions of Malaysia showed good &alpha, glucosidase inhibitory activity, with a median inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.45&ndash, 0.76 &mu, g/mL. The samples from the northern and northeastern parts of Peninsular Malaysia showed the highest activity. Using UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis, 25 metabolites were identified in the pods of P. speciosa. The findings unveiled that the pods of P. speciosa collected from different locations exhibit different levels of &alpha, glucosidase inhibitory activity. The pods are a natural source of potent antidiabetic bioactive compounds.

Soybean [Glycine max] is an important oil and food plant for both humans and animals. Recent development in RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology provides a cost effective approach to analyzing transcriptomes of plants at different developmental stages and in responses to different biotic and abiotic challenges. Currently there are over 5 000 RNA-seq datasets in soybean plants publicly available at SRA database in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Such a large number of RNA-seq datasets provide soybean researchers an opportunity as well as a challenge for fully exploring the data to understand soybean biology. A number of research articles have been published on applications of RNA-seq in transcriptome analysis of soybean plants, covering a wide range of topics including growth and development, plant mineral nutrients, responses to environmental stresses, pathogens and pests. In this work we compile and review recent advances of RNA-seq transcriptome analyses including profiling of differential gene expression, gene alternative splicing, and gene regulatory networks in soybean plants, with key findings excerpted from each individual published article.

OBJECTIVE Amaranthus hybridus (AH) is a food plant commonly eaten in our country known as a good source of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. The present study was designed to investigate the ameliorative potentials of aqueous extract of A. hybridus on Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) -induced testicular toxicity in adult Wistar rats. METHODS Thirty-two male Wistar rats weighing 160-180 g were divided into four groups. Group A served as control; rats in Group B were given 300 mg/kg of body weight (BW) of aqueous leaf extract of AH; rats in Group C were given 4 mg/g (BW) of 40% MSG; and rats in Group D were given 4 mg/g (BW) of 40% MSG and 300 mg/kg (BW) of extract orally for 6 weeks. RESULTS There was a significant increase in body weight and a significant reduction in testis weight, testis volume, and testis/body weight ratio in the group given only MSG when compared with controls. Histologically, rats in Groups A and B had normal testicular architecture, while the rats given MSG only showed a significant derangement in testicular histoarchitecture and impaired sperm parameters when compared with controls and the rats given AH. However, these derangements were alleviated in the MSG+AH group when compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS Aqueous leaf extract of AH ameliorated the testicular derangement resulting from MSG administration.

Introdução: O apoio ao desenvolvimento sustentável por meio da aquisição de alimentos diversificados e regionais é uma das diretrizes do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar. De grande aplicação culinária, a ora-pro-nóbis é uma planta alimentícia não convencional com elevada densidade nutricional, que pode contribuir para a valorização da biodiversidade brasileira, enriquecimento nutricional da dieta e incentivo à agricultura familiar. Objetivo: O principal objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o potencial de introdução de receitas culinárias do projeto Biodiversidade para Alimentação e Nutrição com ora-pro-nóbis em cardápios do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar, a partir da medida da aceitação de escolares atendidos. Método: Estudo transversal experimental controlado conduzido com escolares de 8-10 anos matriculados em duas escolas municipais de Santos-SP, localizadas em regiões com indicadores sociodemográficos distintos. A escala hedônica facial foi utilizada para avaliar a aceitabilidade do pão e torta de ora-pro-nóbis, e suas respectivas preparações-controle elaboradas com a couve-manteiga. Resultado: As preparações com ora-pro-nóbis melhoraram a densidade de micronutrientes e fibra alimentar. O pão de ora-pro-nóbis foi aceito pelos escolares de menor nível socioeconômico (p

The potential of land in The Paloh sub-district for the development of rice-mung beans is quite large. The rice and mung bean cropping patterns have been cultivated by farmers. The problems faced by farmers are the use of fertilizers that are not optimal, the use of superior seeds is still low. This study aims to (1) study the use of farm inputs, costs, and income, (2) analyze the optimal cropping patterns in food crop farming in The Paloh Sub-District. Sambas District. The analytical method used is farm analysis and optimization of cropping patterns using linear programming. The results showed that the rainy season rice cropping patterns and the dry season rice cropping patterns resulted in an income of IDR 87,071,580 per year. Based on the optimization results, it was found that the rainy season rice was 0.61 ha and dry season rice was 0.88 ha.

The world is facing a continuous process of food homogenization, considering that the vast majority of global food production is based on a few species. Therefore, wild food plants (WFPs) may be of great importance to help diversify diets throughout the world. Their consumption is free of inputs such as fertilizers and pesticides, and they can also provide additional income for local farmers and extractors. By adopting a biocultural conservation approach, we discuss the main arguments favorable to the maintenance and increase of wild food plant collection, as well as threats to sustainable WFP use. We also examine the case of the Brazilian acai to discuss challenges to WFP popularization.

International audience; Background: Herbivorous insects represent a major fraction of global biodiversity and the relationships they have established with their food plants range from strict specialists to broad generalists. Our knowledge of these relationships is of primary importance to basic (e.g. the study of insect ecology and evolution) and applied biology (e.g. monitoring of pest or invasive species) and yet remains very fragmentary and understudied. In Lepidoptera, caterpillars of families Saturniidae and Sphingidae are rather well known and considered to have adopted contrasting preferences in their use of food plants. The former are regarded as being rather generalist feeders, whereas the latter are more specialist. New information: To assemble and synthesise the vast amount of existing data on food plants of Lepidoptera families Saturniidae and Sphingidae, we combined three major existing databases to produce a dataset collating more than 26,000 records for 1256 species (25% of all species) in 121 (67%) and 167 (81%) genera of Saturniidae and Sphingidae, respectively. This dataset is used here to document the level of polyphagy of each of these genera using summary statistics, as well as the calculation of a polyphagy score derived from the analysis of Phylogenetic Diversity of the food plants used by the species in each genus.

In the present article, the biology, external morphology of the immature stages and variation in adult phenotypes of the butterfly Orophila campaspe (Hewitson) are described. The food plant is Weinmannia tomentosa L.f. (Cunoniaceae). Larvae were observed and collected in the Eastern Cordillera, north of Bogota, Colombia and reared in the laboratory. The results are discussed and comparisons made with other species of the subtribe Callicorina.

Minoan ‘villas’ were large complexes—in the vast majority of cases, the central buildings of settlements—erected in the Neo-palatial period in Crete. Their function is still a matter of debate while very little is known about subsistence and economic activities in relation to farming for these sites. The excavation research project at the Minoan villa of Zominthos, the highest in altitude Minoan villa found to date, conducted between 2004 and 2008, provided an opportunity to shed light into these issues. For the purposes of this project, the first systematic archaeobotanical study of a Minoan villa was conducted. This indicated a potentially varied food plant base at Zominthos that included the most common and ubiquitous food plants and their combinations recorded in Bronze Age Crete. Spatial analysis of the finds added information on activities that were taking place in the various excavated parts of this villa and also highlighted taphonomic factors influencing the assemblage. Comparison of the arhaeobotanical results with those previously obtained from another four villas in Crete stressed the disparities in the quality of the different datasets and allowed only some tentative suggestions to be made. All villas included basic cereal and fruit staples of the period and recorded a variety and regular presence of legumes, with stored produce found to date only at Myrtos-Pyrgos. This study highlighted the need for embracing bioarchaeological investigations when excavating these sites and implementing sampling strategies planned together with excavators. It provided the data and, therefore, the potential for coming closer to understanding the function(s) that villas had in the spheres of subsistence, leading to a closer understanding of their socio-economic role(s) in the Minoan political society.

Coronaviruses, enveloped non-segmented positive-sense RNA viruses, distinguished in the mid-60s can infect humans and a variety of birds and mammals. The purpose of this study was to review these coronaviruses, especially SARS (because of its very similar gene sequence to the 2019-nCoV or SARS-CoV-2), from the perspective of observing the food plant health principles including observing the personal hygiene principles, that is, identification and prevention of workers suspected of carrying COVID-19 in the food production lines, implementation of the hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP), good manufacturing practice (GMP), and good hygienic practice (GHP) principles from farm to table; utilizing the appropriate chemical sanitizers, that is, incorporation of copper alloy surfaces in conjunction with effective cleaning regimens; use of food plant surface and cleaning-in-place-program sanitizers; utilizing the different light spectrums, that is, Surface sanitizing with UVC light or surface sanitizing with methylene blue in conjunction with visible light in food production lines; and providing unfavorable environmental conditions for coronavirus survival (minimum heat treatment, for example, low temperature long time and greater for liquid food products, pH ≤3, minimum-storage relative-humidity). Considering these aspects during times and times and places of with the high prevalence of β-coronavirus (2019-nCoV or SARS-CoV-2) will be essential for preventing further outbreaks at the community level.

Vertical seed dispersal toward higher or lower altitudes has been recognized as one of the critical processes for plants to escape from climate change. Studies exploring vertical seed dispersal are scarce, preventing the prediction of future vegetation dynamics. In the present study, we show that the timing of fruiting, rather than topography, determines the direction of vertical seed dispersal by mammals and birds across mountains in central Japan. We found strong uphill seed dispersal of summer fruiting cherry and weak downhill seed dispersal of summer-to-autumn fruiting cherry, irrespective of mountains and animals. The ascent or descent of animals, following the altitudinal gradients in food plant phenology in the temperate zone, was considered to be a driver of the biased seed dispersal. We found that megafauna (i.e., bears) intensively dispersed seeds vertically. The results suggest that the timing of fruiting and megafauna strongly affect whether animal-dispersed temperate plants can maintain their populations under climate change.

Cita KD. 2019.Ethnobotany of food plant used by Sundanese Ethnic in Nyangkewok Hamlet, Kalaparea Village, Sukabumi District, Indonesia. Asian J Ethnobiol 2: 16-22. Food insecurity is an important threat in West Java Province. Ethnobotany in Food Plant of Sundanese Ethnic can be an alternative to a food crisis. In this study, we looked for insights on how Sundanese Ethnic inhabiting around the Gede Mountain, Nyangkewok Village, interact with their environments and how they use ecological knowledge on plants for their existence. This study used the exploration and in-depth interview method with 30 respondents from March until June 2019 and analyzed with the Cultural Food Cultivated Significant Index. This study recorded 101 species of valuable plants, 48 families, dominated by Cucurbitaceae. The highest Cultural Food Cultivated Index is pare (Oryza sativa). Sundanese Ethnic living in the Nyangkewok Village has been undergoing extreme changes in both social and ecological conditions. This study recommends conservation plans that include traditional environmental knowledge, plant monitoring, and participation with Nyangkewok communities.

Black cumin (Nigella sativa L., Kalonji), is a well-known medicinal food plant with a long history of ethno-medicinal uses. Its active ingredients are mainly concentrated in the essential oil of th...

A alimentacao do brasileiro e baseada em uma pequena parcela de alimentos, juntamente com uma substituicao da alimentacao natural da terra por um alto consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados. O pais apresenta uma situacao em que cada vez mais se perde a rica diversidade de fauna e flora, tendo como consequencia grande parte das especies botânicas desconhecidas pela populacao. As Plantas Alimenticias Nao Convencionais (PANC’s) estao entre essas especies, o aumento do conhecimento e a utilizacao dessas plantas na culinaria sao boas opcoes para protecao da saude e do meio ambiente, por crescerem espontaneamente sem a utilizacao de agrotoxicos e fertilizantes. A Taioba e uma planta brasileira incluida nesse grupo, apresenta elevado valor nutricional, fonte de ferro, pode se comer as folhas, talo e raiz sendo facilmente adicionada em receitas do dia-a-dia. Assim o objetivo desse trabalho foi elaborar e verificar a aceitabilidade quanto ao sabor, cor, textura e aroma de uma receita a base da Taioba uma planta alimenticia nao convencional. Foi realizada a preparacao de um bolinho de Taioba no Laboratorio de Habilidades Culinarias do Centro Universitario de Brasilia, Campus Asa Norte, onde foi preparada a receita ao mesmo tempo da realizacao da Ficha Tecnica de Preparacao utilizando os dados da Tabela Brasileira de composicao de alimentos (TACO). O teste de aceitacao de atributos (aparencia, aroma, sabor e textura) foi realizado por uma equipe composta por 30 julgadores nao treinados, voluntarios de ambos os sexos. Cada julgador recebeu uma unidade de bolinho e respondeu ao Teste Afetivo que expressa o grau de gostar ou desgostar do produto quanto a impressao de caracteristicas como aparencia, aroma, textura e sabor. As fichas sao compostas por escala hedonica estruturada de cinco pontos, abrangendo de “desgostei muito” (nota 1) a “gostei muito” (nota 5). A amostra foi composta por 24 (80%) mulheres e 6 (20%) homens. A partir dos resultados foi possivel concluir que a preparacao foi bem avaliada pelos julgadores, tendo como principal resultado em relacao ao sabor 50% (n=15) deram nota 5 e a aparencia foi obtido que 50% (n=15) deram nota 4. No geral foram obtidos bons resultados, a receita foi bem aceita e relatada que poucos ha conheciam. Os participantes demonstraram interesse e curiosidade sobre a Taioba. Assim tambem, a ficha tecnica de preparacao da receita de bolinho de Taioba (20g) mostrou um produto com boa fonte de proteina 2,4g, fibra alimentar 0,9g, calcio 200mg, dentre outros. A partir dos resultados obtidos foi possivel concluir que a Taioba apresentou boas caracteristicas nutricionais e teve uma boa aceitacao na sua avaliacao e na forma de consumo apresentada. Porem por ser uma planta pouco conhecida, precisa ser mais divulgada, tanto entre consumidores quanto entre produtores, com o intuito de ser adicionada as refeicoes diarias da populacao.

Los modelos de distribución de la morena española y las plantas nutricias de sus larvas sugieren resistencia frente al cambio climático El cambio climático representa un importante factor de riesgo para la supervivencia de las mariposas y de otras especies. En este estudio se han elaborado modelos predictivos que muestran las zonas potencialmente favorables para un lepidóptero endémico de la península ibérica, la morena española (Aricia morronensis), y las plantas nutricias de sus larvas, los alfilerillos o agujas de pastor (género Erodium). Se ha utilizado el programa informático MaxEnt para elaborar modelos de la distribución de las especies en el presente y en el futuro, bajo dos escenarios de condiciones climáticas, basadas en variables climáticas y topográficas. Los resultados muestran que el cambio climático no afectará significativamente a la distribución de A. morronensis, sino que incluso podría favorecer levemente su expansión. Algunas de las plantas podrían sufrir una pequeña reducción de la favorabilidad del hábitat. Sin embargo, la interacción entre la mariposa y sus plantas nutricias probablemente no se vea afectada significativamente por el cambio climático., Climate change is an important risk factor for the survival of butterflies and other species. In this study, we developed predictive models that show the potentially favourable areas for a lepidopteran endemic to the Iberian Peninsula, the Spanish argus (Aricia morronensis), and its larval food plants, the storksbill (genus Erodium). We used species distribution modelling software (MaxEnt) to perform the models in the present and in the future in two climatic scenarios based on climatic and topographic variables. The results show that climate change will not significantly affect A. morronensis distribution, and may even slightly favour its expansion. Some plants may undergo a small reduction in habitat favourability. However, it seems that the interaction between this butterfly and its food plants is unlikely to be significantly affected by climate change.

Numerical modelling has emerged as a powerful and effective tool to study various dynamic behaviours of biological matter. Such numerical modelling tools have contributed to the optimisations of food drying parameters leading to higher quality end-products in the field of food engineering. In this context, one of the most recent developments is the meshfree-based numerical models, which have demonstrated enhanced capabilities to model cellular deformations during drying, providing many benefits compared to conventional grid-based modelling approaches. However, the potential extension of this method for simulating bulk level tissues has been a challenge due to the increased requirement for higher computational time and resources. As a solution for this, by incorporating meshfree features, a novel coarse-grained multiscale numerical model is proposed in this work to predict bulk level (macroscale) deformations of food-plant tissues during drying. Accordingly, realistic simulation of morphological changes of apple tissues can now be performed with just 2% of the previous computational time in microscale and macroscale simulations can also be conducted. Compared to contemporary multiscale models, this modelling approach provides more convenient computational implementation as well. Thus, this novel approach can be recommended for efficiently and accurately simulating morphological changes of cellular materials undergoing drying processes, while confirming its potential future expansion to efficiently and accurately predict morphological changes of heterogeneous plant tissues in different spatial scales.

Vietnam has made great strides in ameliorating childhood malnutrition, as reflected in reductions in the prevalence of underweight and stunted children. However, Vietnam remains a country with one of the highest stunting rates in Southeast Asia, and nutritional deficiencies are pervasive, especially among children. In Quang Nam Province in Central Vietnam, a Vietnamese non-profit organization partnered with an Australian-based Rotarian Action Group to improve the nutritional status of children and their wider communities in the communes of Dai Hung and Tam Phu. In response to the high rates of malnutrition and the lack of access to affordable and nutritious foods in these communities, AOG World Relief Vietnam and Food Plant Solutions implemented school garden programmes in the communes of Tam Phu and Dai Hung. The implementation of school learning gardens in the two communes of Tam Phu and Dai Hung resulted in dramatic improvements in health outcomes for the students.

Some non-conventional food plants (NCFPs) such as Yacon potato, Moringa, and Ora-pro-nobis have been studied to identify their constitution and health-promoting substances. The purpose of this study was to enrich the beef burger with unconventional food plant and to evaluate its physical, chemical and sensorial properties. Ten formulations were prepared, being one formulation for the conventional burger (with soy protein and without addition of NCFPs) and nine formulations with variations of 2%, 4% and 6% of flour of each of the NCFPs. Addition of NCFPs flours improved nutritional burger properties and resulted in an increase in protein, ash, and dietary fiber content, a slight reduction in fats and significant reduction in carbohydrates. The burgers produced using 2% and 4% of Yacon flour had the lowest differences in these parameters as compared to those of the conventional burger, and also presented acceptance rates that were similar to that of the conventional burger. Both formulations showed the greatest similarity to the conventional burger during sensory analysis, which could be well accepted by consumers who are looking for healthier foods. Resumo Algumas Plantas Alimentares Não Convencionais (PANCs), como a batata Yacon, a Moringa e a Ora-pro-nobis, foram estudadas para identificar a sua constituição e as substâncias promotoras da saúde. O objetivo deste estudo foi enriquecer o hambúrguer bovino com componentes de plantas alimentícias não convencionais e avaliar suas propriedades físicas, químicas e sensoriais. Foram elaboradas 10 formulações, sendo uma delas a formulação com proteína de soja (sem adição das PANCs) e nove formulações com variações de 2%, 4% e 6% de farinha de cada uma das PANCs. A adição da farinha dessas plantas nos hambúrgueres melhorou suas propriedades nutricionais e resultou em um aumento no teor de proteína, cinzas e fibras alimentares, uma ligeira redução nas gorduras e uma redução significativa nos carboidratos. Os hambúrgueres produzidos com 2% e 4% de farinha de Yacon apresentaram as menores diferenças nesses parâmetros quando comparados aos do controle e apresentaram taxas de aceitação similares à da formulação controle. Essas duas formulações também apresentaram maior similaridade com a formulação controle durante a análise sensorial, o que evidencia o potencial de serem bem aceitas pelos consumidores que buscam alimentos mais saudáveis.

Surili ( Presbytis comata ) is one of endemic primates of West Java whose existence is protected. The purpose of the research was to determine the estimated home range and the preferences of food plant of P. comata at Situ Patengan Nature Reserve, West Java. The home range was determined by the minimum convex polygon method by connecting the coordinates of the outermost entire outer area groups. Focal animal sampling and Ad-libitum methods were applied to obtain data of food preferences in details. The result showed that home range of several P. comata groupsat Situ Patengan Nature Reserve were varied. The home range of group A, B, C, and D were covering 3.52 Ha, 4.43 Ha, 3.76 Ha, and 3.14 Ha respectively, while the solitary individual has a home range covering 2.64 Ha. There were 27 species from 16 families of plants that was directly consumed by P. comata. P. comata more often consumed Castanopsis javanica (10.07%), C. argentea (9.35%), C. tungurut (7.91%), Sloneasigun (7.91%), and Quercus sp (7.19%). This data can be useful as a reference in P. Comata population and habitat management especially in the area of Situ Patengan.

Wild yam (Dioscorea spp.) tubers, an indigenous food makes a significant contribution to the diets of tribal people of Koraput, India. However, there is dearth of documented information of their mineral bioavailability and heavy metal content. To know their quality and safety concerns about their use, minerals and heavy metal concentrations were evaluated in eight wild and one cultivated yam species from Koraput. The samples were further investigated for their antinutrients to determine bioavailability of minerals. The majority of the wild yam tubers were rich in some of the essential minerals like calcium (18.08–74.79 mg/100 g), iron (11.15–28.61 mg/100 g), zinc (2.11–6.21 mg/100 g) and phosphorous (179–248 mg/100 g). The heavy metals concentration (mg/100 g) ranged from: cobalt (1.06–1.98), nickel (0.30–0.89), chromium (2.10–4.53) and lead (0.11–0.93) among the studied yam species. These values were lower than the recommended tolerable levels proposed by WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. Based on these results of molar ratio between phytate and Fe, Zn and Ca were below the suggested critical values indicating the bioavailability of Fe, Zn and Ca to be high. The study also suggests these wild yam species as the safe food sources for mass consumption and can be beneficial for health.

Few studies in Colombia have focused on traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) changes and assessed whether they signified TEK erosion or explored what drives changes. In this study, we researched three Afro-descendant communities’ food plant TEK in the Colombian Caribbean coast. Methods used included a plant recognition exercise undertaken with three generations in families. Respondents were asked how they used a plant, the last time of use, and the reasons for non-consumption (NC) or consumption several years previously (CSYP). Different patterns of recognition and use emerged. Of the 98 species, 28 did not show evidence of intergenerational change. For certain cultivated species, there were marked differences between the percentage of grandparents and children reporting current consumption. Finally, 33 species had low recognition rates by the youngest generation and high levels of NC or CSYP. By analyzing the reasons given for NC or CSYP and the perceptions of participants in interviews and focus groups, we identified TEK erosion for various species (e.g., Anacardium excelsum, Elaeis oleifera, Solanum allophyllum, and Talinum triangulare). However, high NC levels did not always signify declining knowledge or use. Additionally, there appeared to be different dynamics of TEK change in the study sites. En Colombia pocos estudios se han enfocado en los cambios en el conocimiento ecologico ancestral (CEA) para determinar si se evidenciaba erosion del CEA o han explorado cuales factores impulsan los cambios. En este estudio, investigamos el CEA sobre plantas alimenticias de comunidades Afrodescendientes en tres localidades en la costa Caribe colombiana. Se utilizo un ejercicio de reconocimiento de plantas, desarrollado con tres generaciones en familias. Se pregunto a los entrevistados como utilizaban una planta, la ultima fecha de uso y las razones de no consumo (NC) o consumo hace varios anos (CHVA). Desde los datos surgieron diversos patrones de reconocimiento y uso. De las 98 plantas, 28 no mostraron evidencia de cambios intergeneracionales. Para algunas especies cultivadas, habia diferencias marcadas entre el porcentaje de abuelos y de ninos que reportaban consumo actual. Finalmente, 33 especies obtuvieron niveles de reconocimiento muy bajos por la generacion mas joven y altos niveles de NC o CHVA. Analizando las razones por el NC o el CHVA y las percepciones de los participantes en entrevistas y en grupos focales, identificamos erosion del CEA en el caso de varias especies (p.ej. Anacardium excelsum, Elaeis oleifera, Solanum allophyllum y Talinum triangulare). Sin embargo, niveles altos de NC no siempre estaban indicando una reduccion del conocimiento y del uso. Al parecer habia diferentes dinamicas de cambio en el CEA en los sitios de la investigacion.

Estimates of the genetic diversity of Large Japanese field mouse Apodemusspeciosus populations and identification of their plant food resources were conducted in an industrial green space, where were constructed on reclaimed land and belonged to the Aichi Refinery of Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd., in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. A total of six mitochondrial D-loop haplotypes were identified in 50 mice. Habitat condition with the highest number of captured individuals had abundant broad-leaved trees and understory vegetation. A minimum spanning network, which did not form a ring-shaped network, revealed that the hereditary population structure was weak. The low genetic diversity observed in the study area was thus attributed to isolation from other populations once the population in the study area by sea and road, which is more than 30 m wide. In order to identify which plant food resources were utilized by mice captured inside the industrial green space, partial chloroplast rbcL sequences were amplified by PCR from DNA extracted from 43 feces samples. Calculations of sample completeness curve revealed that 25 of the taxa identified in this study comprised approximately 90% of the food plant resources in the study area. Of the 21 plant families identified from the obtained rbcL sequences, members of the Rosaceae (28.0%), Fagaceae (17.2%), Lauraceae (14.2%) and Oleaceae (7.7%) were dominant. To ensure the continued survival of A. speciosuspopulation in this industrial green space would be to preferentially conserve plant species that are used as food resources by this species.

International audience; Background: Food safety and quality can be compromised by microbiological contamination caused by a variety of pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms present in the production environment. The combination of monitoring both food products and the production environment is a lever to increase food safety and quality. Environmental monitoring programs (EMPs) implemented in food industries allow evaluating the clout of the microbial controls in food processing plants.Scope and approach: The aim of the present review is to systematically assess, using the Scoping review and PRISMA method, available information and strategies to build efficient EMP in the food industry. Key findings and conclusions: Despite the available literature on the implementation of EMPs, there is to date no ready-to-use method and its application strongly depends on the characteristics of the processing plant. A common three-step approach has been proposed for the construction of EMP, whatever the food sector including a pre-analytical, an analytical and a post-analytical step. The pre-analytical step aims to design strategies for the implementation of efficient EMP, considering the hazards and the risk associated with food product and food plant. The analytical step consists of sampling stages using cultural or molecular approaches. Finally, the postanalytical step, concerns the management of data collected. EMPs are dynamic programs that undergo change over time and must be updated on a regular basis in order to guarantee their fit for purpose.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T16:51:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-07-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) The process to develop a chromatographic method for fingerprinting complex matrices should be performed through a multiparameter approach that could lead to the desired separation and save environmental resources such as organic solvents and energy. In other words, this process should be pursued by employing an optimized experimental design and having a response function which takes into consideration separation parameters together with environmental parameters. Green Analytical Chemistry principles should be pursued during all steps of the research. This work presents a heuristic approach to develop a high-performance liquid chromatography method for fingerprinting an extract from leaves of Cynara scolymus L., a food plant consumed worldwide. A fractional factorial design was used to identify relevant chromatographic variables followed by a comprehensive design for optimization purposes (Doehlert design). A response function called green chromatographic fingerprinting response was employed to obtain a compromise between fingerprint quality and low environmental impact of the method. This optimized approach led to the development of a robust and green method for fingerprinting C. scolymus by HPLC-PAD. This method proved to be greener than the reference method reported in literature and compatible even with no state of art HPLC instruments because the system backpressure did not exceed 15 MPa and the column temperature was 35 °C. School of Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14-01 Engenheiro Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube Ave., Vargem Limpa Department of Chemistry Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Washington Luís highway (SP-310 km 235) School of Agricultural Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP), 1879 Doutor José Barbosa de Barros St., Jardim Paraíso School of Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14-01 Engenheiro Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube Ave., Vargem Limpa School of Agricultural Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP), 1879 Doutor José Barbosa de Barros St., Jardim Paraíso FAPESP: 2015/20639-1 FAPESP: 2016/08179-9 CNPq: 45398 2014-5

espanolIntroduccion. Esta investigacion aborda el problema de programacion interna de materiales en una planta de alimentos concentrados, tipo pre-molienda. La cantidad necesaria de materias primas para la produccion en la cadena de alimentacion interna se determina mediante la minimizacion del costo total relevante de la operacion, compuesto por el costo de alistamiento y el costo de mantenimiento del inventario, lo cual maximiza la eficiencia de los recursos empleados en el proceso. Para ello se consideran factores tales como la capacidad de las tolvas, las rutas y velocidades de llenado y los tiempos de suministro contenidos en un modelo de programacion lineal, entera, mixta. Objetivo. Brindar una estrategia que permita el uso eficiente de los recursos empleados en el proceso, sujetos a la demanda interna de materiales del plan de requerimiento de materiales (MRP) de la empresa objeto de estudio. Materiales y metodos. El modelo multi-periodo a corto plazo define en cada periodo de tiempo la programacion de los elevadores o transportadores, y la cantidad de materias primas que se envia a cada tolva. Resultados. La investigacion determina la cantidad de inventario inicial requerido para la operacion, ademas de la estrategia de operaciones que la compania objeto de estudio debe seguir con el fin de satisfacer la demanda de materias primas, haciendo una utilizacion eficiente de los recursos empleados en el proceso productivo. Conclusion. En el analisis de los resultados y en la presentacion de los escenarios, el costo mas representativo es el relacionado con el mantenimiento del inventario; este es un factor critico en las empresas pertenecientes a este sector. Por ello, se presenta una propuesta innovadora para este tipo de procesos productivos, con el fin de contribuir a minimizar el costo de total de alistamiento y el costo de mantenimiento de las existencias de materia prima en tolvas mediante un uso racional de los recursos. EnglishIntroduction. This research addresses the problem of internal materials supply operations in a pre-milling type concentrate food plant. The required amount of raw materials for production in the internal supply chain is determined by minimizing the total relevant operational cost, made up by the setup cost and the stock maintenance cost, which maximizes efficiency of the resources used in the process. This study takes into account such factors as capacity of the hoppers, the time-dependent setup sequence, routes of supply hoppers, filling rates and supply times, based on a model of mixed-integer linear programming. Objective: Provide a strategy that allows efficient use of resources in the production process, subjected to the demand of materials from the material requirements planning (MRP) of the company under study. Materials and methods. The short-term multi-period model defines the scheduling of elevators and conveyors for each time period, and the amount of raw materials that is sent to each hopper and bins. Results. This research determines the amount of initial stock required to operate, as well as the operations strategy that the company under study must follow, so that it meets the demand for raw materials, making efficient use of the resources used in the production process. Conclusion. In the analysis of results and presentation of scenarios, the most representative cost, the one related to stock maintenance, could be observed. Since this is a critical factor for companies belonging to this sector, we present an innovative proposal, both in practice and in the literature, to contribute to minimizing the total setup cost and the cost of maintenance of raw material stock in hoppers through a rational use of resources. portuguesIntroducao. Esta investigacao aborda o problema de programacao interna de materiais numa planta de alimentos concentrados, tipo pre-moagem. A quantidade necessaria de materias primas para a producao na cadeia de alimentacao interna se determina perante a minimizacao do custo total relevante da operacao, composto pelo custo de preparacao e o custo de manutencao do inventario, o qual maximiza a eficiencia dos recursos empregados no processo. Para isso se consideram fatores tais como a capacidade das funis, as rotas e velocidades de enchimento e os tempos de subministro conteudos num modelo de programacao lineal, inteira, mista. Objetivo. Brindar uma estrategia que permita o uso eficiente dos recursos empregados no processo, sujeitos a demanda interna de materiais do plano de requerimento de materiais (MRP) da empresa objeto de estudo. Materiais e metodos. O modelo multi-periodo a curto prazo define em cada periodo de tempo a programacao dos elevadores ou transportadores, e a quantidade de materias primas que se envia a cada funil. Resultados. A investigacao determina a quantidade de inventario inicial requerido para a operacao, ademais da estrategia de operacoes que a companhia objeto de estudo deve seguir com o fim de satisfazer a demanda de materias primas, fazendo uma utilizacao eficiente dos recursos empregados no processo produtivo. Conclusao. Na analise dos resultados e na apresentacao dos cenarios, o custo mais representativo e o relacionado com a manutencao do inventario; este e um fator critico nas empresas pertencentes a este setor. Por isso, se apresenta uma proposta inovadora para este tipo de processos produtivos, com o fim de contribuir a minimizar o custo de total de preparacao e o custo de manutencao das existencias de materia prima em funis perante um uso racional dos recursos.

The study was conducted to understand the role of Antidesma ghaesembilla Gaertn in enhancing the avifaunal diversity in Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeuschel dominated grassland patches and to realize the influence of adjacent vegetations on the assemblage of birds that feed on the fruit of this tree. An avifaunal survey was conducted on “Cogon” dominated grassland patches adjacent to selected vegetations such as primary forest, secondary forest and upland agricultural area. A total of 250 birds belonging to 19 species representing ten families were found feeding on the fruits of Antidesma ghaesembilla. The site adjacent to secondary forest has the highest species richness, abundance and diversity index values. This accentuates the combined influence of the open and forest dwelling bird species thriving in the secondary forest. The sites adjacent to the primary forest and to the agricultural area have the same species richness but differ in species composition as reflected by the low similarity index. More forest dwelling bird species were recorded near the forest while more open dwelling bird species were recorded near the agricultural area. This highlights the spillover effect of the adjacent vegetations on the feeding bird assemblage. The presence of several endemic and conservation priority bird species that feed on the fruits of Antidesma ghaesembilla unfolds its important role in avifaunal conservation. Finally, the wide collection of fruit eating bird species attracted to it emphasized its importance in improving the overall avifaunal diversity in Imperata cylindrica dominated grassland patches within the swidden vegetation matrix.

The Australian plant Acacia ligulata has a number of traditional food and medicinal uses by Australian Aboriginal people, although no bioactive compounds have previously been isolated from this species. Bioassay-guided fractionation of an ethanolic extract of the mature pods of A. ligulata led to the isolation of the two new echinocystic acid triterpenoid saponins, ligulatasides A (1) and B (2), which differ in the fine structure of their glycan substituents. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR, GC-MS, LC-MS/MS, and saccharide linkage analysis. These are the first isolated compounds from A. ligulata and the first fully elucidated structures of triterpenoid saponins from Acacia sensu stricto having echinocystic acid reported as the aglycone. Compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against a human melanoma cancer cell line (SK-MEL28) and a diploid fibroblast cell line (HFF), but showed only weak activity. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

Common carrot is widely cultivated in many countries as a food plant. Raw material of this plant has antispasmodic, antibacterial, cytotoxic, antiparasitic, cardioprotective, and hepatoprotective activity. Common carrot in non-pharmacopoeial Ukraine, therefore, it requires in-depth pharmacognostic study. In addition, research of its most common varieties in Ukraine, namely “Bright” and “Nantes Kharkiv” remains relevant. The aim of research was determination of the volatile fractions components of aerial part and roots of Common carrot of “Bright” and “Nantes Kharkiv” varieties. Methods. Gas chromatography method was used for determination of Common carrot volatile fractions. Results. In result of the study, 32 compounds were identified in the volatile fraction of Common carrot aerial part of “Bright” variety, 34 compounds were determined in roots of the same sample. 20 components were found in the volatile fraction of Common carrot aerial part of “Nantes Kharkiv” variety, and in its roots 39 compounds were identified. All the volatile fractions studied characterized by the presence of Caryophyllene and Caryophyllene oxide in high amount. Sesquiterpene alcohol Carotol was determined in all the samples studied. Conclusion. According to the results of the given research, marker compound Carotol was found in all Common carrot objects studied. The obtained data can be used for standardization of aerial part and roots of Common carrot of “Bright” and “Nantes Kharkiv” varieties

Objective Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. is a food plant used in African traditional medicine to treat cardiovascular diseases and related conditions. We assessed the hypolipidemic and anti-atherosclerogenic properties of the aqueous extract of I. batatas leaves in a rat model of diet-induced hypercholesterolemia. Methods Hypercholesterolemia was induced in male Wistar rats by exclusive feeding with a cholesterol-enriched (1%) standard diet for four weeks. Then, rats were treated once daily (per os) with I. batatas extract at doses of 400, 500 and 600 mg/kg or with atorvastatin (2 mg/kg), for four weeks. Following treatment, animals were observed for another four weeks and then sacrificed. Aortas were excised and processed for histopathological studies, and blood glucose level and lipid profile were measured. Results Hypercholesterolemic animals experienced a 21.5% faster increase in body weight, significant increases in blood glucose and blood lipids (148.94% triglycerides, 196.97% high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, 773.04% low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, 148.93% very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and 210.42% total cholesterol), and increases in aorta thickness and atherosclerotic plaque sizes compared to rats fed standard diet. Treatment of hypercholesterolemic rats with the extract mitigated these alterations and restored blood glucose and blood lipid levels to normocholesterolemic values. Conclusion Our findings suggest that I. batatas leaves have hypolipidemic and anti-atherosclerogenic properties and justify their use in traditional medicine.

Lupine (lupin) species have a broad geographical distribution and have long been used for ornamental, agricultural, nutritional, and medical purposes. As with other legumes, lupine seeds are rich in fiber and protein and could be a beneficial addition to the human diet, although some varieties also contain varying degrees of toxic quinolizidine alkaloids. Recent studies show that lupine consumption is associated with favorable effects on diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension and could be a valuable food for individuals with those conditions.

Food independence is an effort to fulfill the need of food for a family by themselves. The fulfillment effort of family need for food in independent way can be done on a limited land around the house, known as yard. Developing the yard for food plant becomes very important, regarding the fast conversion of food plant land into the non- food one. This phenomenon took place in Ngemplak Hamlet, Kembangarum, Donokerto, Turi, Sleman. There were many food plant lands in this area conversed into lands for salak pondoh (a type of snake fruit). So, yard optimization can be done by house wives joining in Family Welfare Program (PKK) who have spare time at home, because it is located around the house. The society empowerment in this program is conducted with methods or stages of socialization, technology transfer education (training, demonstration, and practice), and supervision as well as evaluation through the guidance for the program sustainability. The success of the society empowerment program is shown by the active participation of the society, the increase of the knowledge and skills of the PKK women, as well as the increase of land use of the society by cultivating vegetable and fruit.

Neolycaena enkhnasani sp. n. is described from the Dzhungarian Gobi desert. The food plant is Halimodendron halodendron (Fabacea). The new species is distinguished from the related taxa known from East Kazakhstan by small size, dense gray suffusion on the hindwing underside, a delicate and partly reduced submarginal underside pattern as well as the characters of the genitalia: the shape of the valva in males and the shape of the antrum in females. Important new data about the distribution and distinctions of N. zaisana (Zhdanko, 2013) and N. balchaschensis Zhdanko, 1998 are published together with photos of the genitalia of all the three taxa.

Caryota urens L. has long been valued as a traditional food, the edible fruits being eaten raw and the inflorescences commonly used on sweet sap and flour production. In the current work, the phenolic profile of methanol extracts obtained from the inflorescences and fruits was unveiled for the first time, nine caffeic acid derivatives being identified and quantified. Since kitul products have been reported for their antidiabetic properties, extracts radical scavenging activity and α-amylase, α-glucosidase and aldose reductase inhibitory activity were assessed. The inflorescences’ extract was particularly active against yeast α-glucosidase (IC = 1.53 μg/mL), acting through a non-competitive inhibitory mechanism. This activity was also observed in enzyme-enriched homogenates obtained from human Caco-2 cells (IC = 64.75 µg/mL). Additionally, the extract obtained from the inflorescences showed no cytotoxicity on HepG2, AGS and Caco-2 cell lines. Our data suggest that C. urens inflorescences can support the development of new functional foods with α-glucosidase inhibitory activity., Acknowledgements The work was supported by UIDB/50006/2020 with funding from Fig. 5. Effects of C. urens INF methanolic extract on (A) AGS, (B) HepG2 and (C) Caco-2 cell viability. (D) INF methanolextract inhibition of human α-glucosidase inhibition obtained from Caco-2 cells homogenates. Data represent the mean ± SD of at least three independent experiments, performed in triplicate. F. Ferreres, et al. Food Chemistry 342 (2021) 128323 8 FCT/MCTES through national funds, and by Programa de Cooperación Interreg V-A España – Portugal (POCTEP) 2014–2020 (project 0377_IBERPHENOL_6_E). N. Gomes is indebted to national funds through FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., under the project CEECIND/03037/2017. C. Andrade thanks FCT - Fundação para Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P. for the grant SFRH/BD/131431/2017

International audience; The preservation of perishable food via cold supply chain is essential to extend shelf life and ensure food safety. However, the use of refrigeration processes requires energy consumption with economic and environmental impact. Increasing the temperature set point in cold equipment could save energy, but the global cost may increase due to food waste or safety issues. The study of potentially conflicting objectives such as food safety, food waste, and energy consumption may be challenging because the comparison between the outcomes of those objectives (risk of illness, amount of food waste, energy consumption in kWh). Methodologies leading to overcome issues involving conflicting impacts and the knowledge of their limitations are essential to support decision makers. This study focuses on the modeling of the energy consumption of cold facilities, food temperature, food contamination and growth of Listeria monocytogenes and lactic acid bacteria in a puff pastry plant. An event based framework was used to model the main components of the production line (kneader, conveyor, cooling spiral and cold room). Own-checks (microbial and temperature) data from food industry premises were used to inform and parameterize the model. Different scenarios were tested to evaluate the impact of operating conditions (setting temperature and duration) on energy consumption, food waste and food safety. Results showed that the temperature setting of the cooling spiral had a low impact on energy consumption and a high impact on the microbial quality. The opposite phenomena were observed in the cold room with a moderate impact of the cold room temperature setting on the food microbial quality and a high impact on energy consumption. Finally, a multi-criteria decision analysis approach is proposed to identify the optimal operating conditions regarding the three criteria. Criteria weights were set by the operators of the food plant (quality manager, production manager, energy advisor and plant director). This methodology helps manufacturers in decision making to optimize operating conditions and reduce energy consumption with a limited impact on food waste and safety.

This chapter presents descriptions of list of families of species with its sub families; some of the families described are: Hepialidae, Cossidae, Zygaenidae, Limacodidae, Sesiidae, Hesperiidae and Papilionidae. The descriptions contain larva, food plants, habits and plate. There are five members of the Hepialidae primitive family, all resident, to be found in the British Isles and all their larvae adopt a subterranean existence, feeding on or inside the roots of their food plant. Both sexes of adults are freely attracted to light and, although females will lay eggs readily in boxes, it is not normally practical to attempt to rear them through due to the time of development and effort involved. The eggs are scattered at random while the females are flying and are white, changing to black after a short period. Sometimes the larvae will be found by chance and they have been noted on occasions wandering above ground.Keywords: Cossidae; Hepialidae; Hesperiidae; Papilionidae; Zygaenidae

Background Ethnobotanical field studies concerning migrant groups are crucial for understanding temporal changes of folk plant knowledge as well as for analyzing adaptation processes. Italy still lacks in-depth studies on migrant food habits that also evaluate the ingredients which newcomers use in their domestic culinary and herbal practices. Methods Semi-structured and open in-depth interviews were conducted with 104 first- and second-generation migrants belonging to the Albanian and Moroccan communities living in Turin and Bra, NW Italy. The sample included both ethnic groups and genders equally. Results While the number of plant ingredients was similar in the two communities (44 plant items among Albanians vs 47 plant items among Moroccans), data diverged remarkably on three trajectories: (a) frequency of quotation (a large majority of the ingredients were frequently or moderately mentioned by Moroccan migrants whereas Albanians rarely mentioned them as still in use in Italy); (b) ways through which the home country plant ingredients were acquired (while most of the ingredients were purchased by Moroccans in local markets and shops, ingredients used by Albanians were for the most part informally “imported” during family visits from Albania); (c) quantitative and qualitative differences in the plant reports mentioned by the two communities, with plant reports recorded in the domestic arena of Moroccans nearly doubling the reports recorded among Albanians and most of the plant ingredients mentioned by Moroccans representing “medicinal foods”. Conclusion A large portion of the differences shown by the two communities are linked to different methods of procurement of home country gastronomic botanical ingredients, the different transnational informal exchanges that exist between Italy and migrants’ home countries, the presence of markets and ethnic shops in Italy selling these items, and the different degree of difficulty in accessing public health services. The observed divergences were also clearly related to very diverse adaptation strategies, i.e., processes of negotiating and elaborating Albanian and Moroccan cultural identities.