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101. Measurement of the Relative Total Hadronic Cross Section $R$ at PETRA

Author

Barber, D., Becker, U., Cheng, C. P., Chu, Y. S., Clare, R., Duinker, P., Fesefeldt, H., Fong, H., Fukushima, M., Ho, M. C., Hsu, T. T., Kadel, R., Benda, H., Luckey, D., Ma, C. M., Massaro, G., Matsuda, T., Newman, H., Paradiso, J., Revol, J. P., Rohde, M., Rykaczewski, H., Sinram, K., Boehm, A., Tang, H. W., Ting, Samuel C. C., Tung, K. L., Vannucci, F., White, M., Wu, T. W., Yang, P. C., Yu, C. C., Mark-J Collaboration, Branson, J. G., Bron, J., Buikman, D., Burger, J., Chang, C. C., Chen, M., Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Muon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Hadron, General Physics and Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, Cross section (physics), Angular distribution, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], ddc:550, 010306 general physics, Lepton
Abstract

Physical review letters 42(17), 1113 - 1117 (1979). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.42.1113, Published by APS, College Park, Md.

Published
1979
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102. Experimental Study of Inclusive Muon Spectra at PETRA

Author

Adeva, B., Barber, D. P., Chang, C. C., Chen, H. S., Chen, M., Chen, M. L., Chen, M. Y., Chu, Y. S., Clare, R., Deffur, E., Demarteau, M., Duinker, P., Becker, U., Feng, Z. Y., Fesefeldt, H. S., Fong, D., Fukushima, M., Harting, D., Hebbeker, T., Herten, G., Ho, M. C., Ilyas, M. M., Jiang, D. Z., Berdugo, J., Krenz, W., Kuijer, P., Li, Q. Z., Luckey, David, Luit, E. J., Mana, C., Marquina, M. A., Massaro, G. G. G., Mount, R., Newman, H., Berghoff, G., Pohl, M., Poschmann, F. P., Rau, R. R., Revol, J. P., Rodriguez, S., Rohde, M., Rubio, J. A., Rykaczewski, H., Salicio, J., Schulz, I., Bohm, A., Sinram, K., Steuer, M., Swider, G. M., Tang, H. W., Teuchert, D., Ting, Samuel C. C., Tung, K. L., Wang, M. Q., White, M., Wu, H. G., Branson, J. G., Wu, S. X., Wyslouch, B., Zhou, B., Zhu, R. Y., Zhu, Y. C., Aachen-DESY-Annecy, Burger, J. D., Capell, M., and Cerrada, M.

Subjects
BRANCHING RATIO [BOTTOM PARTICLE], MUON [ELECTROPRODUCTION], FRAGMENTATION [QUARK], SEARCH FOR: NEW PARTICLE, MASS [LOWER LIMIT], DESY PETRA STOR, +2JET+MUON%22">ELECTRON POSITRON --> 2JET MUON, LOWER LIMIT [MASS], BOTTOM PARTICLE [SEMILEPTONIC DECAY], ddc:550, MUON: ELECTROPRODUCTION, THRUST [JET], BOTTOM PARTICLE: SEMILEPTONIC DECAY, JET: THRUST, SEMILEPTONIC DECAY [CHARMED PARTICLE], JET [ELECTROPRODUCTION], SEMILEPTONIC DECAY [BOTTOM PARTICLE], SEARCH FOR: HIGGS PARTICLE, COLLIDING BEAMS [ELECTRON POSITRON], ELECTRON POSITRON: INCLUSIVE REACTION, ELECTROPRODUCTION: JET, SEMILEPTONIC DECAY: CHARMED PARTICLE, HIGGS PARTICLE [SEARCH FOR], ELECTRON POSITRON: COLLIDING BEAMS, BRANCHING RATIO [CHARMED PARTICLE], MASS: LOWER LIMIT, ELECTROPRODUCTION [JET], SPECTRUM: TRANSVERSE MOMENTUM, QUARK: FRAGMENTATION, SEMILEPTONIC DECAY: BOTTOM PARTICLE, SEARCH FOR: HEAVY LEPTON, TRANSVERSE MOMENTUM: SPECTRUM, ELECTROPRODUCTION: MUON, CHARMED PARTICLE: BRANCHING RATIO, CHARMED PARTICLE [SEMILEPTONIC DECAY], 33.00-38.54 GEV-CMS, BOTTOM PARTICLE: BRANCHING RATIO, MOMENTUM SPECTRUM, ELECTROPRODUCTION [MUON], heavy quark, COLLIDING BEAMS: ELECTRON POSITRON, EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS, SPECTRUM [TRANSVERSE MOMENTUM], JET: ELECTROPRODUCTION, ELECTRON POSITRON [COLLIDING BEAMS], INCLUSIVE REACTION [ELECTRON POSITRON], CHARMED PARTICLE: SEMILEPTONIC DECAY, NEW PARTICLE [SEARCH FOR], TRANSVERSE MOMENTUM [SPECTRUM], MARK J, HEAVY LEPTON [SEARCH FOR], LOWER LIMIT: MASS
Abstract

(1983). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.51.443, The results of a high-statistics study of inclusive muon spectra at PETRA are reported. Improved mass limits have been obtained for heavy quarks, heavy leptons, and charged Higgs particles. It is shown that the fragmentation properties of b quarks and c quarks are different, with the mean fragmentation variables 〈zb〉=0.75±0.03±0.06, 〈zc〉=0.46±0.02±0.05 and the average semileptonic branching ratio for the B and C hadrons R(B)=(10.5±1.5±1.3)%, R(C)=(11.5±1.0±1.7)%.

Published
1983
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103. Discovery of Three Jet Events and a Test of Quantum Chromodynamics at PETRA Energies

Author

Barber, D. P., Becker, U., Benda, H., Boehm, A., Branson, J. G., Bron, J., Buikman, D., Burger, J., Chang, C. C., Chen, H. S., Chen, M., Cheng, C. P., Chu, Y. S., Clare, R., Duinker, P., Fang, G. Y., Fesefeldt, H., Fong, D., Fukushima, M., Guo, J. C., Hariri, A., Herten, G., Ho, M. C., Hsu, H. K., Hsu, T. T., Kadel, R. W., Krenz, W., Li, J., Li, Q. Z., Lu, M., Luckey, David, Ma, D. A., Ma, C. M., Massaro, G. G. G., Matsuda, T., Newman, H., Paradiso, Joseph A., Poschmann, F. P., Revol, J. P., Rohde, M., Rykaczewski, H., Sinram, K., Tang, H. W., Tang, L. G., Ting, Samuel C. C., Tung, K. L., Vannucci, F., Wang, X. R., Wei, P. S., White, M., Wu, G. H., Wu, T. W., Xi, J. P., Yang, P. C., Yu, X. H., Zhang, N. L., and Zhu, R. Y.

Subjects
+QUARK+ANTIQUARK%22">ELECTRON POSITRON --> QUARK ANTIQUARK, DESY PETRA STOR, MAGNETIC SPECTROMETER: MARK J, MULTIPLE PRODUCTION: HADRON, +QUARK+ANTIQUARK+GLUON%22">ELECTRON POSITRON --> QUARK ANTIQUARK GLUON, GLUON: JET, COLLIDING BEAMS: ELECTRON POSITRON, EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS, JET: THRUST, QUARK: JET, JET: ELECTROPRODUCTION, +%28N%29HADRON%22">ELECTRON POSITRON --> (N)HADRON, 17.0: 27.4: 30.0: 31.6 GEV-CM: ((3)): ((4)), FINAL STATE: (3JET), ELECTROPRODUCTION: JET, HADRON: MULTIPLE PRODUCTION, ANNIHILATION: ELECTRON POSITRON, ENERGY SPECTRUM, ELECTRON POSITRON: COLLIDING BEAMS, QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS: VALIDITY TEST, JET: ENERGY, QUARK ANTIQUARK: PAIR PRODUCTION, INTERPRETATION OF EXPERIMENTS, ELECTRON POSITRON: ANNIHILATION, PAIR PRODUCTION: QUARK ANTIQUARK
Abstract

Physical review letters 43(12), 830 - 833 (1979). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.43.830, We report the analysis of the spatial energy distribution of data for e+e−→hadrons obtained with the MARK-J detector at PETRA. We define the quantity 'oblateness' to describe the flat shape of the energy configuration and the three-jet structure which is unambiguously observed for the first time. Our data can be explained by quantum chromodynamic predictions for the production of quark-antiquark pairs accompanied by hard noncollinear gluons., Published by APS, College Park, Md.

Published
1979
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104. Measurement of $e ^+$$ e^ − $ $\to$ $\mu^ +$$ \mu^ −$ : A Test of Electroweak Theories

Author

Adeva, B., Becker, U., Chang, Y. H., Chen, H. S., Chen, M., Chen, M. L., Chen, M. Y., Chu, Y. S., Deffur, E., Deiters, K., Demarteau, M., Dong, B. Z., Becker-Szendy, R., Duinker, P., Fesefeldt, H. S., Fong, D., Fukushima, M., Garrido, L., Han, R. D., Harting, D., Herten, G., Ho, M. C., Hueser, D., Berdugo, J., Hussain, M., Ilyas, M. M., Jiang, D. Z., Klein, M., Krenz, W., Kuijer, P., Leiste, R., Li, Q. Z., Linnhoefer, D., Luckey, D., Boehm, A., Luit, E. J., Mana, C., Marquina, M. A., Martinez, M., Massaro, G. G. G., Mnich, J., Mount, R., Nadeem, K., Newman, H., Nowak, W. D., Branson, J. G., Pohl, M., Poschmann, F. P., Rau, R. R., Rodriguez, S., Rohde, M., Rubio, J. A., Rykaczewski, H., Sachwitz, M., Salicio, J., Schreiber, H. J., Burger, J. D., Schroeder, U., Schug, J., Stone, H., Swider, G. M., Tang, H. W., Teuchert, D., Ting, Samuel C. C., Tung, K. L., Vogt, H., Wang, M. Q., Capell, M., White, M., Wu, H. G., Wu, S. X., Wyslouch, B., Yang, B. X., Zhou, B., Zhu, R. Y., Mark-J Collaboration, Cerrada, M., and Chang, C. C.

Subjects
ddc:550
Abstract

Physical review letters 55(7), 665 - 668 (1985). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.55.665, Published by APS, College Park, Md.

Published
1985
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105. Test of Universality of Charged Leptons

Author

Barber, D. P., Becker, U., Chen, M., Cheng, C. P., Chu, Y. S., Clare, R., Duinker, P., Fang, G. Y., Fesefeldt, H., Fong, D., Fukushima, M., Guo, J. C., Benda, H., Hariri, A., Herten, G., Ho, M. C., Hsu, H. K., Hsu, T. T., Kadel, R. W., Krenz, W., Li, J., Li, Q. Z., Lu, M., Boehm, A., Luckey, D., Ma, D. A., Ma, C. M., Massaro, G. G. G., Matsuda, T., Newman, H., Paradiso, J., Poschmann, F. P., Revol, J. P., Rohde, M., Branson, J. G., Rykaczewski, H., Sinram, K., Tang, H. W., Tang, L. G., Ting, Samuel C. C., Tung, K. L., Vannucci, F., Wang, X. R., Wei, P. S., White, M., Bron, J., Wu, G. H., Wu, T. W., Xi, J. P., Yang, P. C., Yu, X. H., Zhang, N. L., Zhu, R. Y., Mark-J Collaboration, Buikman, D., Burger, J., Chang, C. C., and Chen, H. S.

Subjects
Elastic scattering, Physics, Particle physics, Muon, Electron–positron annihilation, General Physics and Astronomy, Elementary particle, Fermion, Nuclear physics, Pair production, TheoryofComputation_ANALYSISOFALGORITHMSANDPROBLEMCOMPLEXITY, ddc:550, Bhabha scattering, Lepton
Abstract

Physical review letters 43(26), 1915 - 1918 (1979). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.43.1915, Published by APS, College Park, Md.

Published
1979
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106. Experimental Study of Heavy Charged Leptons and Search for Scalar Partners of Muons at PETRA $( 12 GeV <~ E c . m . <~ 36.7 GeV )$

Author

Barber, D. P., Becker, U., Chang, C. C., Chen, H. S., Chen, M., Cheng, C. P., Chu, Y. S., Clare, R., Duinker, P., Fang, G. Y., Feng, Z. Y., Fesefeldt, H. S., Bei, G. D., Fong, D., Fukushima, M., Guo, J. C., Hariri, A., Herten, G., Ho, M. C., Hsu, T. T., Jiang, D. Z., Kadel, R. W., Krenz, W., Berghoff, G., Li, J., Li, Q. Z., Luckey, D., Luit, E. J., Ma, C. M., Ma, D. A., Massaro, G. G. G., Matsuda, T., Newman, H., Pohl, M., Boehm, A., Poschmann, F. P., Revol, J. P., Rohde, M., Rykaczewski, H., Schulz, I., Sinram, K., Steuer, M., Tang, H. W., Tang, L. G., Teuchert, D., Branson, J. G., Ting, Samuel C. C., Tung, K. L., Vannucci, F., Wang, X. R., Wang, Y. X., Warnock, J., White, M., Wu, G. H., Wu, S. X., Wu, T. W., Bron, J., Yang, P. C., Yu, C. C., Zhang, N. L., Zhu, R. Y., Mark-J Collaboration, Buikman, D., Burger, J. D., and Capell, M.

Subjects
ddc:550
Abstract

Physical review letters 45(24), 1904 - 1907 (1980). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.45.1904, Published by APS, College Park, Md.

Published
1980
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107. Study of electron-positron collisions at center-of-mass energies of 27.4 and 27.7 GeV at Petra

Author

Barber, D. P., Becker, U., Cheng, C. P., Chu, Y. S., Clare, R., Duinker, P., Fesefeldt, H., Fong, D., Fukushima, M., Herten, G., Ho, M. C., Hsu, H. K., Benda, H., Hsu, T. T., Kadel, R. W., Krenz, W., Luckey, D., Ma, C. M., Massaro, G. G. G., Matsuda, T., Newman, H., Paradiso, J., Poschmann, F. P., Boehm, A., Revol, J. P., Rohde, M., Rykaczewski, H., Sinram, K., Tang, H. W., Ting, Samuel C. C., Tung, K. L., Vannucci, F., White, M., Wu, T. W., Branson, J. G., Yang, P. C., Mark-J Collaboration, Bron, J., Buikman, D., Burger, J., Chang, C. C., Chen, M., BOMBAR, Claudine, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Annihilation, [PHYS.HEXP] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Quark model, Hadron, General Physics and Astronomy, Elementary particle, Electron, 01 natural sciences, Positron, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:550, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], High Energy Physics::Experiment, Production (computer science), Center of mass, 010306 general physics
Abstract

Physical review letters 43(13), 901 - 903 (1979). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.43.901, Published by APS, College Park, Md.

Published
1979
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108. Search for New Particles in $e^ +$$ e^ −$ Annihilation from 39.79 to 45.52 $GeV$

Author

Adeva, B., Barber, D. P., Chen, M., Chen, M. L., Chen, M. Y., Chu, Y. S., Deffur, E., Demarteau, M., Dong, B. Z., Duinker, P., Fesefeldt, H. S., Fong, D., Becker, U., Fukushima, M., Han, R. D., Harting, D., Hebbeker, T., Herten, G., Hussain, M., Ilyas, M. M., Jiang, C. H., Jiang, D. Z., Krenz, W., Berdugo, J., Kuijer, P., Luckey, D., Luit, E. J., Mana, C., Marquina, M. A., Massaro, G. G. G., Mount, R., Nadeem, K., Newman, H., Pohl, M., Boehm, A., Poschmann, F. P., Rau, R. R., Rodriguez, S., Rohde, M., Rubio, J. A., Rykaczewski, H., Salicio, J., Schulz, I., Stone, H., Swider, G. M., Branson, J. G., Tang, H. W., Teuchert, D., Ting, Samuel C. C., Tung, K. L., Wang, M. Q., White, M., Wu, H. G., Wu, S. X., Wyslouch, B., Yang, B. X., Burger, J. D., Chang, C. C., Zhou, B., Zhu, R. Y., Zhu, Y. C., Mark-J Collaboration, Capell, M., Cerrada, M., and Chen, H. S.

Subjects
ddc:550
Abstract

Physical review letters 53(2), 134 - 137 (1984). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.53.134, Published by APS, College Park, Md.

Published
1984
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109. Test of Quantum Electrodynamics at $s^ {1/ 2}$ = $13$ and 17 $GeV$

Author

Barber, D., Becker, U., Cheng, C. P., Chu, Y. S., Clare, R., Duinker, P., Fesefeldt, H., Fong, D., Fukushima, M., Ho, M. C., Hsu, T. T., Kadel, R., Benda, H., Luckey, D., Ma, C. M., Massaro, G., Matsuda, T., Newman, H., Paradiso, J., Revol, J. P., Rohde, M., Rykaczewski, H., Sinram, K., Boehm, A., Tang, H. W., Ting, Samuel C. C., Tung, K. L., Vannucci, F., White, M., Wu, T. W., Yang, P. C., Yu, C. C., Mark-J Collaboration, Branson, J. G., Bron, J., Buikman, D., Burger, J., Chang, C. C., and Chen, M.

Subjects
ddc:550
Abstract

Physical review letters 42(17), 1110 - 1113 (1979). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.42.1110, Published by APS, College Park, Md.

Published
1979
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110. Comparison of SOFC cathode microstructure quantified using X-ray nanotomography and focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy

Author

Nelson, G. J., Harris, W. M., Lombardo, J. J., Izzo, J. R. Jr., Chiu, W. K. S., Tanasini, P., Cantoni, M., Van herle, J., Comninellis, Ch., Andrews, J. C., Liu, Y., Pianetta, P., and Chu, Y. S.

Subjects
Elemental mapping, Degradation, X-ray nanotomography, Solid oxide fuel cell, Cathode, Transmission x-ray microscopy, 3-Dimensional Microstructure, Reconstruction, Heterogeneous functional materials, Fuel-Cell Anode
Abstract

X-ray nanotomography and focused ion beans scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) have been applied to investigate the complex 3D microstructure of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) electrodes at spatial resolutions of 45 nm and below. The application of near edge differential absorption for x-ray nanotomography and energy selected backscatter detection for FIB-SEM enable elemental mapping within the microstructure. Using these methods, non-destructive 3D x-ray imaging and FIB-SEM serial sectioning have been applied to compare three-dimensional elemental mapping of the LSM. YSZ, and pore phases in the SOFC cathode microstructure. The microstructural characterization of an SOFC cathode is reported based on these measurements. The results presented demonstrate the viability of x-ray nanotomography as a quantitative characterization technique and provide key insights into the SOFC cathode microstructure. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

111. Nanoresolution radiology of neurons

Author

Wu, H. R., Chen, S. T., Chu, Y. S., Conley, R., Bouet, N., Chien, C. C., Chen, H. H., Lin, C. H., Tung, H. T., Chen, Y. S., Margaritondo, G., Je, J. H., and Hwu, Y.

Subjects
Spatial-Resolution, X-Ray Microscopy, Purkinje-Cells, 30 Nm Resolution, Brain, CIBM-PC
Abstract

We report recent advances in hard-x-ray optics-including record spatial resolution-and in staining techniques that enable synchrotron microradiology to produce neurobiology images of quality comparable to electron and visible microscopy. In addition, microradiology offers excellent penetration and effective three-dimensional detection as required for many neuron studies. Our tests include tomographic reconstruction based on projection image sets.

116. Imaging cells and sub-cellular structures with ultrahigh resolution full-field X-ray microscopy

Author

Chien, C. C., Tseng, P. Y., Chen, H. H., Hua, T. E., Chen, S. T., Chen, Y. Y., Leng, W. H., Wang, C. H., Hwu, Y., Yin, G. C., Liang, K. S., Chen, F. R., Chu, Y. S., Yeh, H. I., Yang, Y. C., Yang, C. S., Zhang, G. L., Je, J. H., and Margaritondo, G.

Subjects
Phase contrast radiology, X-ray microscopy, Subcellular organelle, Fresnel phase zone plate
Abstract

Our experimental results demonstrate that full-field hard-X-ray microscopy is finally able to investigate the internal structure of cells in tissues. This result was made possible by three main factors: the use of a coherent (synchrotron) source of X-rays, the exploitation of contrast mechanisms based on the real part of the refractive index and the magnification provided by high-resolution Fresnel zone-plate objectives. We specifically obtained high-quality microradiographs of human and mouse cells with 29 nm Rayleigh spatial resolution and verified that tomographic reconstruction could be implemented with a final resolution level suitable for subcellular features. We also demonstrated that a phase retrieval method based on a wave propagation algorithm could yield good subcellular images starting from a series of defocused microradiographs. The concluding discussion compares cellular and subcellular hard-X-ray microradiology with other techniques and evaluates its potential impact on biomedical research. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

119. Multimodal X-ray imaging of grain-level properties and performance in a polycrystalline solar cell

Author

Ulvestad, A., Hruszkewycz, S. O., Holt, M. V., Hill, M. O., Calvo-Almazán, I., Maddali, S., Huang, X., Yan, H., Nazaretski, E., Chu, Y. S., Lauhon, L. J., Rodkey, N., Bertoni, M. I., and Stuckelberger, M. E.

Subjects
7. Clean energy
Abstract

Journal of synchrotron radiation 26(4), 1316 - 1321 (2019). doi:10.1107/S1600577519003606, The factors limiting the performance of alternative polycrystalline solar cells as compared with their single-crystal counterparts are not fully understood, but are thought to originate from structural and chemical heterogeneities at various length scales. Here, it is demonstrated that multimodal focused nanobeam X-ray microscopy can be used to reveal multiple aspects of the problem in a single measurement by mapping chemical makeup, lattice structure and charge collection efficiency simultaneously in a working solar cell. This approach was applied to micrometre-sized individual grains in a Cu(In,Ga)Se$_2$ polycrystalline film packaged in a working device. It was found that, near grain boundaries, collection efficiency is increased, and that in these regions the lattice parameter of the material is expanded. These observations are discussed in terms of possible physical models and future experiments., Published by Wiley-Blackwell, [S.l.]

121. X-ray microscopy and tomography detect the accumulation of bare and PEG-coated gold nanoparticles in normal and tumor mouse tissues

Author

Chien, C.-C., Cheng, C.-C., Chen, H. H., Hwu, Y., Chu, Y. S., Petibois, C., Chen, A., Ching, Y.-T., and Margaritondo, G.

Subjects
High resolution X-ray microscopy, 3D tissue imaging, Nanoparticles
Abstract

We demonstrate that, with appropriate staining, high-resolution X-ray microscopy can image complicated tissue structures-cerebellum and liver-and resolve large or small amounts of Au nanoparticles in these tissues. Specifically, images of tumor tissue reveal high concentrations of accumulated Au nanoparticles. PEG (poly(ethylene glycol)) coating is quite effective in enhancing this accumulation and significantly modifies the mechanism of uptake by reticuloendothelial system (RES) organs.

122. Hard-x-ray microscopy with Fresnel zone plates reaches 40 nm Rayleigh resolution

Author

Chu, Y. S., Yi, J. M., De Carlo, F., Shen, Q., Lee, Wah-Keat, Wu, H. J., Wang, C. L., Wang, J. Y., Liu, C. J., Wang, C. H., Wu, S. R., Chien, C. C., Hwu, Y., Tkachuk, A., Yun, W., Feser, M., Liang, K. S., Yang, C. S., Je, J. H., and Margaritondo, G.

Subjects
E-Beam Lithography, Fabrication, CIBM-PC
Abstract

Substantial improvements in the nanofabrication and characteristics of gold Fresnel zone plates yielded unprecedented resolution levels in hard-x-ray microscopy. Tests performed on a variety of specimens with 8-10 keV photons demonstrated a first-order lateral resolution below 40 nm based on the Rayleigh criterion. Combined with the use of a phase contrast technique, this makes it possible to view features in the 30 nm range; good-quality images can be obtained at video rate, down to 50 ms/frame. The important repercussions on materials science, nanotechnology, and the life sciences are discussed. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics.

123. Measurement ofe+e−→μ+μ−: A Test of Electroweak Theories

Author

Adeva, B., primary, Becker, U., additional, Becker-Szendy, R., additional, Berdugo, J., additional, Boehm, A., additional, Branson, J. G., additional, Burger, J. D., additional, Capell, M., additional, Cerrada, M., additional, Chang, C. C., additional, Chang, Y. H., additional, Chen, H. S., additional, Chen, M., additional, Chen, M. L., additional, Chen, M. Y., additional, Chu, Y. S., additional, Deffur, E., additional, Deiters, K., additional, Demarteau, M., additional, Dong, B. Z., additional, Duinker, P., additional, Fesefeldt, H. S., additional, Fong, D., additional, Fukushima, M., additional, Garrido, L., additional, Han, R. D., additional, Harting, D., additional, Herten, G., additional, Ho, M. C., additional, Hueser, D., additional, Hussain, M., additional, Ilyas, M. M., additional, Jiang, D. Z., additional, Klein, M., additional, Krenz, W., additional, Kuijer, P., additional, Leiste, R., additional, Li, Q. Z., additional, Linnhoefer, D., additional, Luckey, D., additional, Luit, E. J., additional, Mana, C., additional, Marquina, M. A., additional, Martinez, M., additional, Massaro, G. G. G., additional, Mnich, J., additional, Mount, R., additional, Nadeem, K., additional, Newman, H., additional, Nowak, W. D., additional, Pohl, M., additional, Poschmann, F. P., additional, Rau, R. R., additional, Rodriguez, S., additional, Rohde, M., additional, Rubio, J. A., additional, Rykaczewski, H., additional, Sachwitz, M., additional, Salicio, J., additional, Schreiber, H. J., additional, Schroeder, U., additional, Schug, J., additional, Stone, H., additional, Swider, G. M., additional, Tang, H. W., additional, Teuchert, D., additional, Ting, Samuel C. C., additional, Tung, K. L., additional, Vogt, H., additional, Wang, M. Q., additional, White, M., additional, Wu, H. G., additional, Wu, S. X., additional, Wyslouch, B., additional, Yang, B. X., additional, Zhou, B., additional, and Zhu, R. Y., additional

Published
1985
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124. Measurement of the Relative Total Hadronic Cross SectionRat PETRA

Author

Barber, D., primary, Becker, U., additional, Benda, H., additional, Boehm, A., additional, Branson, J. G., additional, Bron, J., additional, Buikman, D., additional, Burger, J., additional, Chang, C. C., additional, Chen, M., additional, Cheng, C. P., additional, Chu, Y. S., additional, Clare, R., additional, Duinker, P., additional, Fesefeldt, H., additional, Fong, H., additional, Fukushima, M., additional, Ho, M. C., additional, Hsu, T. T., additional, Kadel, R., additional, Luckey, D., additional, Ma, C. M., additional, Massaro, G., additional, Matsuda, T., additional, Newman, H., additional, Paradiso, J., additional, Revol, J. P., additional, Rohde, M., additional, Rykaczewski, H., additional, Sinram, K., additional, Tang, H. W., additional, Ting, Samuel C. C., additional, Tung, K. L., additional, Vannucci, F., additional, White, M., additional, Wu, T. W., additional, Yang, P. C., additional, and Yu, C. C., additional

Published
1979
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125. Experimental Study of Electroweak Parameters at PETRA Energies (12<~Ec.m.<~36.7GeV)

Author

Barber, D. P., primary, Becker, U., additional, Bei, G. D., additional, Berghoff, G., additional, Böhm, A., additional, Branson, J. G., additional, Bron, J., additional, Buikman, D., additional, Burger, J. D., additional, Capell, M., additional, Chang, C. C., additional, Chen, G. F., additional, Chen, H. S., additional, Chen, M., additional, Cheng, C. P., additional, Chu, Y. S., additional, Clare, R., additional, Duinker, P., additional, Fang, G. Y., additional, Feng, Z. Y., additional, Fesefeldt, H. S., additional, Fong, D., additional, Fukushima, M., additional, Guo, J. C., additional, Hariri, A., additional, Harting, D., additional, Herten, G., additional, Ho, M. C., additional, Hsu, T. T., additional, Ilyas, M. M., additional, Jiang, D. Z., additional, Kadel, R., additional, Krenz, W., additional, Li, Q. Z., additional, Luckey, D., additional, Luit, E. J., additional, Ma, C. M., additional, Massaro, G. G. G., additional, Matsuda, T., additional, Newman, H., additional, Pohl, M., additional, Poschmann, F. P., additional, Revol, J. P., additional, Rohde, M., additional, Rykaczewski, H., additional, Schulz, I., additional, Sinram, K., additional, Steuer, M., additional, Swider, G. M., additional, Tang, H. W., additional, Teuchert, D., additional, Ting, Samuel C. C., additional, Tung, K. L., additional, Vannucci, F., additional, Wang, Y. X., additional, Warnock, J., additional, White, M., additional, Wu, S. X., additional, Yang, P. C., additional, Yu, C. C., additional, Zeng, Y. Q., additional, Zhang, N. L., additional, and Zhu, R. Y., additional

Published
1981
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126. Model-Independent Second-Order Determination of the Strong-Coupling Constantαs

Author

Adeva, B., primary, Barber, D. P., additional, Becker, U., additional, Berdugo, J., additional, Berghoff, G., additional, Böhm, A., additional, Branson, J. G., additional, Burger, J. D., additional, Capell, M., additional, Cerrada, M., additional, Chang, C. C., additional, Chen, H. S., additional, Chen, M., additional, Chen, M. L., additional, Chen, M. Y., additional, Chu, Y. S., additional, Clare, R., additional, Deffur, E., additional, Demarteau, M., additional, Duinker, P., additional, Feng, Z. Y., additional, Fesefeldt, H. S., additional, Fong, D., additional, Fukushima, M., additional, Harting, D., additional, Hebbeker, T., additional, Herten, G., additional, Ho, M. C., additional, Ilyas, M. M., additional, Jiang, D. Z., additional, Krenz, W., additional, Kuijer, P., additional, Li, Q. Z., additional, Luckey, D., additional, Luit, E. J., additional, Mana, C., additional, Marquina, M. A., additional, Massaro, G. G. G., additional, Mount, R., additional, Newman, H., additional, Pohl, M., additional, Poschmann, F. P., additional, Rau, R. R., additional, Revol, J. P., additional, Rodriguez, S., additional, Rohde, M., additional, Rubio, J. A., additional, Rykaczewski, H., additional, Salicio, J., additional, Schulz, I., additional, Sinram, K., additional, Steuer, M., additional, Swider, G. M., additional, Tang, H. W., additional, Teuchert, D., additional, Ting, Samuel C. C., additional, Tung, K. L., additional, Wang, M. Q., additional, White, M., additional, Wu, H. G., additional, Wu, S. X., additional, Wyslouch, B., additional, Zhou, B., additional, Zhu, R. Y., additional, and Zhu, Y. C., additional

Published
1983
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127. Experimental Study of Heavy Charged Leptons and Search for Scalar Partners of Muons at PETRA (12 GeV<~Ec.m.<~36.7 GeV)

Author

Barber, D. P., primary, Becker, U., additional, Bei, G. D., additional, Berghoff, G., additional, Boehm, A., additional, Branson, J. G., additional, Bron, J., additional, Buikman, D., additional, Burger, J. D., additional, Capell, M., additional, Chang, C. C., additional, Chen, H. S., additional, Chen, M., additional, Cheng, C. P., additional, Chu, Y. S., additional, Clare, R., additional, Duinker, P., additional, Fang, G. Y., additional, Feng, Z. Y., additional, Fesefeldt, H. S., additional, Fong, D., additional, Fukushima, M., additional, Guo, J. C., additional, Hariri, A., additional, Herten, G., additional, Ho, M. C., additional, Hsu, T. T., additional, Jiang, D. Z., additional, Kadel, R. W., additional, Krenz, W., additional, Li, J., additional, Li, Q. Z., additional, Luckey, D., additional, Luit, E. J., additional, Ma, C. M., additional, Ma, D. A., additional, Massaro, G. G. G., additional, Matsuda, T., additional, Newman, H., additional, Pohl, M., additional, Poschmann, F. P., additional, Revol, J. P., additional, Rohde, M., additional, Rykaczewski, H., additional, Schulz, I., additional, Sinram, K., additional, Steuer, M., additional, Tang, H. W., additional, Tang, L. G., additional, Teuchert, D., additional, Ting, Samuel C. C., additional, Tung, K. L., additional, Vannucci, F., additional, Wang, X. R., additional, Wang, Y. X., additional, Warnock, J., additional, White, M., additional, Wu, G. H., additional, Wu, S. X., additional, Wu, T. W., additional, Yang, P. C., additional, Yu, C. C., additional, Zhang, N. L., additional, and Zhu, R. Y., additional

Published
1980
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128. Test of Universality of Charged Leptons

Author

Barber, D. P., primary, Becker, U., additional, Benda, H., additional, Boehm, A., additional, Branson, J. G., additional, Bron, J., additional, Buikman, D., additional, Burger, J., additional, Chang, C. C., additional, Chen, H. S., additional, Chen, M., additional, Cheng, C. P., additional, Chu, Y. S., additional, Clare, R., additional, Duinker, P., additional, Fang, G. Y., additional, Fesefeldt, H., additional, Fong, D., additional, Fukushima, M., additional, Guo, J. C., additional, Hariri, A., additional, Herten, G., additional, Ho, M. C., additional, Hsu, H. K., additional, Hsu, T. T., additional, Kadel, R. W., additional, Krenz, W., additional, Li, J., additional, Li, Q. Z., additional, Lu, M., additional, Luckey, D., additional, Ma, D. A., additional, Ma, C. M., additional, Massaro, G. G. G., additional, Matsuda, T., additional, Newman, H., additional, Paradiso, J., additional, Poschmann, F. P., additional, Revol, J. P., additional, Rohde, M., additional, Rykaczewski, H., additional, Sinram, K., additional, Tang, H. W., additional, Tang, L. G., additional, Ting, Samuel C. C., additional, Tung, K. L., additional, Vannucci, F., additional, Wang, X. R., additional, Wei, P. S., additional, White, M., additional, Wu, G. H., additional, Wu, T. W., additional, Xi, J. P., additional, Yang, P. C., additional, Yu, X. H., additional, Zhang, N. L., additional, and Zhu, R. Y., additional

Published
1979
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129. Experimental Study of Inclusive Muon Spectra from Electron-Positron Collisions in the Energy Region33<~s<~38.54GeV

Author

Adeva, B., primary, Barber, D. P., additional, Becker, U., additional, Berdugo, J., additional, Berghoff, G., additional, Boehm, A., additional, Branson, J. G., additional, Burger, J. D., additional, Capell, M., additional, Cerrada, M., additional, Chang, C. C., additional, Chen, H. S., additional, Chen, M., additional, Chen, M. L., additional, Chen, M. Y., additional, Chu, Y. S., additional, Clare, R., additional, Deffur, E., additional, Demarteau, M., additional, Duinker, P., additional, Feng, Z. Y., additional, Fesefeldt, H. S., additional, Fong, D., additional, Fukushima, M., additional, Harting, D., additional, Hebbeker, T., additional, Herten, G., additional, Ho, M. C., additional, Ilyas, M. M., additional, Jiang, D. Z., additional, Krenz, W., additional, Kuijer, P., additional, Li, Q. Z., additional, Luckey, D., additional, Luit, E. J., additional, Mana, C., additional, Marquina, M. A., additional, Massaro, G. G. G., additional, Mount, R., additional, Newman, H., additional, Pohl, M., additional, Poschmann, F. P., additional, Rau, R. R., additional, Revol, J. P., additional, Rodriguez, S., additional, Rohde, M., additional, Rubio, J. A., additional, Rykaczewski, H., additional, Salicio, J., additional, Schulz, I., additional, Sinram, K., additional, Steuer, M., additional, Swider, G. M., additional, Tang, H. W., additional, Teuchert, D., additional, Ting, Samuel C. C., additional, Tung, K. L., additional, Wang, M. Q., additional, White, M., additional, Wu, H. G., additional, Wu, S. X., additional, Wyslouch, B., additional, Zhou, B., additional, Zhu, R. Y., additional, and Zhu, Y. C., additional

Published
1983
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130. Test of Quantum Electrodynamics ats12=13 and 17GeV

Author

Barber, D., primary, Becker, U., additional, Benda, H., additional, Boehm, A., additional, Branson, J. G., additional, Bron, J., additional, Buikman, D., additional, Burger, J., additional, Chang, C. C., additional, Chen, M., additional, Cheng, C. P., additional, Chu, Y. S., additional, Clare, R., additional, Duinker, P., additional, Fesefeldt, H., additional, Fong, D., additional, Fukushima, M., additional, Ho, M. C., additional, Hsu, T. T., additional, Kadel, R., additional, Luckey, D., additional, Ma, C. M., additional, Massaro, G., additional, Matsuda, T., additional, Newman, H., additional, Paradiso, J., additional, Revol, J. P., additional, Rohde, M., additional, Rykaczewski, H., additional, Sinram, K., additional, Tang, H. W., additional, Ting, Samuel C. C., additional, Tung, K. L., additional, Vannucci, F., additional, White, M., additional, Wu, T. W., additional, Yang, P. C., additional, and Yu, C. C., additional

Published
1979
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131. Search for Top Quark and a Test of Models without Top Quark up to 38.54 GeV at PETRA

Author

Adeva, B., primary, Barber, D. P., additional, Becker, U., additional, Berdugo, J., additional, Berghoff, G., additional, Böhm, A., additional, Branson, J. G., additional, Burger, J. D., additional, Capell, M., additional, Cerrada, M., additional, Chang, C. C., additional, Chen, H. S., additional, Chen, M., additional, Chen, M. L., additional, Chen, M. Y., additional, Chu, Y. S., additional, Clare, R., additional, Deffur, E., additional, Demarteau, M., additional, Duinker, P., additional, Feng, Z. Y., additional, Fesefeldt, H. S., additional, Fong, D., additional, Fukushima, M., additional, Harting, D., additional, Hebbeker, T., additional, Herten, G., additional, Ho, M. C., additional, Ilyas, M. M., additional, Jiang, D. Z., additional, Kooijman, D., additional, Krenz, W., additional, Kuijer, P., additional, Li, Q. Z., additional, Luckey, D., additional, Luit, E. J., additional, Mana, C., additional, Massaro, G. G. G., additional, Mount, R., additional, Newman, H., additional, Pohl, M., additional, Poschmann, F. P., additional, Rau, R. R., additional, Revol, J. P., additional, Rohde, M., additional, Rubio, J. A., additional, Rykaczewski, H., additional, Salicio, J., additional, Schulz, I., additional, Sinram, K., additional, Steuer, M., additional, Swider, G. M., additional, Tang, H. W., additional, Teuchert, D., additional, Ting, Samuel C. C., additional, Tung, K. L., additional, Wang, M. Q., additional, White, M., additional, Wu, H. G., additional, Wyslouch, B., additional, Zhou, B., additional, Zhu, R. Y., additional, and Zhu, Y. C., additional

Published
1983
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132. Discovery of Three-Jet Events and a Test of Quantum Chromodynamics at PETRA

Author

Barber, D. P., primary, Becker, U., additional, Benda, H., additional, Boehm, A., additional, Branson, J. G., additional, Bron, J., additional, Buikman, D., additional, Burger, J., additional, Chang, C. C., additional, Chen, H. S., additional, Chen, M., additional, Cheng, C. P., additional, Chu, Y. S., additional, Clare, R., additional, Duinker, P., additional, Fang, G. Y., additional, Fesefeldt, H., additional, Fong, D., additional, Fukushima, M., additional, Guo, J. C., additional, Hariri, A., additional, Herten, G., additional, Ho, M. C., additional, Hsu, H. K., additional, Hsu, T. T., additional, Kadel, R. W., additional, Krenz, W., additional, Li, J., additional, Li, Q. Z., additional, Lu, M., additional, Luckey, D., additional, Ma, D. A., additional, Ma, C. M., additional, Massaro, G. G. G., additional, Matsuda, T., additional, Newman, H., additional, Paradiso, J., additional, Poschmann, F. P., additional, Revol, J. P., additional, Rohde, M., additional, Rykaczewski, H., additional, Sinram, K., additional, Tang, H. W., additional, Tang, L. G., additional, Ting, Samuel C. C., additional, Tung, K. L., additional, Vannucci, F., additional, Wang, X. R., additional, Wei, P. S., additional, White, M., additional, Wu, G. H., additional, Wu, T. W., additional, Xi, J. P., additional, Yang, P. C., additional, Yu, X. H., additional, Zhang, N. L., additional, and Zhu, R. Y., additional

Published
1979
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133. Search for New Particles ine+e−Annihilation from 39.79 to 45.52 GeV

Author

Adeva, B., primary, Barber, D. P., additional, Becker, U., additional, Berdugo, J., additional, Boehm, A., additional, Branson, J. G., additional, Burger, J. D., additional, Capell, M., additional, Cerrada, M., additional, Chen, H. S., additional, Chen, M., additional, Chen, M. L., additional, Chen, M. Y., additional, Chu, Y. S., additional, Deffur, E., additional, Demarteau, M., additional, Dong, B. Z., additional, Duinker, P., additional, Fesefeldt, H. S., additional, Fong, D., additional, Fukushima, M., additional, Han, R. D., additional, Harting, D., additional, Hebbeker, T., additional, Herten, G., additional, Hussain, M., additional, Ilyas, M. M., additional, Jiang, C. H., additional, Jiang, D. Z., additional, Krenz, W., additional, Kuijer, P., additional, Luckey, D., additional, Luit, E. J., additional, Mana, C., additional, Marquina, M. A., additional, Massaro, G. G. G., additional, Mount, R., additional, Nadeem, K., additional, Newman, H., additional, Pohl, M., additional, Poschmann, F. P., additional, Rau, R. R., additional, Rodriguez, S., additional, Rohde, M., additional, Rubio, J. A., additional, Rykaczewski, H., additional, Salicio, J., additional, Schulz, I., additional, Stone, H., additional, Swider, G. M., additional, Tang, H. W., additional, Teuchert, D., additional, Ting, Samuel C. C., additional, Tung, K. L., additional, Wang, M. Q., additional, White, M., additional, Wu, H. G., additional, Wu, S. X., additional, Wyslouch, B., additional, Yang, B. X., additional, Chang, C. C., additional, Zhou, B., additional, Zhu, R. Y., additional, and Zhu, Y. C., additional

Published
1984
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135. Augmented decision-making for acral lentiginous melanoma detection using deep convolutional neural networks.

Author

Lee S, Chu YS, Yoo SK, Choi S, Choe SJ, Koh SB, Chung KY, Xing L, Oh B, and Yang S

Subjects
Dermoscopy, Humans, Neural Networks, Computer, Melanoma diagnostic imaging, Skin Neoplasms diagnostic imaging
Abstract

Background: Several studies have achieved high-level performance of melanoma detection using convolutional neural networks (CNNs). However, few have described the extent to which the implementation of CNNs improves the diagnostic performance of the physicians., Objective: This study is aimed at developing a CNN for detecting acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) and investigating whether its implementation can improve the initial decision for ALM detection made by the physicians., Methods: A CNN was trained using 1072 dermoscopic images of acral benign nevi, ALM and intermediate tumours. To investigate whether the implementation of CNN can improve the initial decision for ALM detection, 60 physicians completed a three-stage survey. In Stage I, they were asked for their decisions solely on the basis of dermoscopic images provided to them. In Stage II, they were also provided with clinical information. In Stage III, they were provided with the additional diagnosis and probability predicted by the CNN., Results: The accuracy of ALM detection in the participants was 74.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 72.6-76.8%) in Stage I and 79.0% (95% CI, 76.7-81.2%) in Stage II. In Stage III, it was 86.9% (95% CI, 85.3-88.4%), which exceeds the accuracy delivered in Stage I by 12.2%p (95% CI, 10.1-14.3%p) and Stage II by 7.9%p (95% CI, 6.0-9.9%p). Moreover, the concordance between the participants considerably increased (Fleiss-κ of 0.436 [95% CI, 0.437-0.573] in Stage I, 0.506 [95% CI, 0.621-0.749] in Stage II and 0.684 [95% CI, 0.621-0.749] in Stage III)., Conclusions: Augmented decision-making improved the performance of and concordance between the clinical decisions of a diverse group of experts. This study demonstrates the potential use of CNNs as an adjoining, decision-supporting system for physicians' decisions., (© 2020 European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology.)

Published
2020
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136. Imaging cells and sub-cellular structures with ultrahigh resolution full-field X-ray microscopy.

Author

Chien CC, Tseng PY, Chen HH, Hua TE, Chen ST, Chen YY, Leng WH, Wang CH, Hwu Y, Yin GC, Liang KS, Chen FR, Chu YS, Yeh HI, Yang YC, Yang CS, Zhang GL, Je JH, and Margaritondo G

Subjects
Algorithms, Animals, Aorta cytology, Equipment Design, Gold, HeLa Cells, Humans, Metal Nanoparticles analysis, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Microradiography instrumentation, Microscopy instrumentation, Neoplasms, Experimental pathology, Synchrotrons, Tomography, X-Ray Computed methods, X-Rays, Zebrafish, Cellular Structures cytology, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted methods, Microradiography methods, Microscopy methods
Abstract

Our experimental results demonstrate that full-field hard-X-ray microscopy is finally able to investigate the internal structure of cells in tissues. This result was made possible by three main factors: the use of a coherent (synchrotron) source of X-rays, the exploitation of contrast mechanisms based on the real part of the refractive index and the magnification provided by high-resolution Fresnel zone-plate objectives. We specifically obtained high-quality microradiographs of human and mouse cells with 29 nm Rayleigh spatial resolution and verified that tomographic reconstruction could be implemented with a final resolution level suitable for subcellular features. We also demonstrated that a phase retrieval method based on a wave propagation algorithm could yield good subcellular images starting from a series of defocused microradiographs. The concluding discussion compares cellular and subcellular hard-X-ray microradiology with other techniques and evaluates its potential impact on biomedical research., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2013
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137. Micropatterns of cell adhesive proteins with poly(ethylene oxide)-block-Poly(4-vinylpyridine) diblock copolymer.

Author

Racine J, Cheradame H, Chu YS, Thiery JP, and Rodriguez I

Subjects
Animals, Cell Adhesion, Cell Line, Fibronectins analysis, Humans, Surface Properties, Fibronectins metabolism, Polyethylene Glycols chemistry, Vinyl Compounds chemistry
Abstract

Control of cell shape and behavior through the micropattern technique by spatial immobilization of adhesive proteins on a surface has provided novel insights in several aspects of cell biology, such as tissue morphogenesis, cell growth and cell differentiation, and apoptosis. In this work, we present the use of poly(ethylene oxide-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PEO-b-P4VP) as a non-adhesive background to construct micropatterns of cell adhesive proteins. In the method presented, PEO-b-P4VP is used for its antifouling properties and at the same time, as a photosensitive material to define the micropatterns. The irradiation of PEO-b-P4VP with a short wavelength UV light through photolithographic mask, causes the polymer to crosslink and immobilize in the areas exposed. In the areas non-exposed the polymer can be removed. These areas can be subsequent back filled with the adhesive protein of interest to produce the final micropatterned cell chips., (Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Published
2011
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138. Diffraction and imaging study of imperfections of crystallized lysozyme with coherent X-rays.

Author

Hu ZW, Chu YS, Lai B, Thomas BR, and Chernov AA

Subjects
Animals, Chickens, Crystallization, Crystallography, X-Ray, Molecular Structure, Phase Transition, Water chemistry, Muramidase chemistry
Abstract

Phase-contrast X-ray diffraction imaging and high-angular-resolution diffraction combined with phase-contrast radiographic imaging were employed to characterize defects and perfection of a uniformly grown tetragonal lysozyme crystal in the symmetric Laue case. The full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of a 4 4 0 rocking curve measured from the original crystal was approximately 16.7 arcsec and imperfections including line defects, inclusions and other microdefects were observed in the diffraction images of the crystal. The observed line defects carry distinct dislocation features running approximately along the <1 1 0> growth front and have been found to originate mostly in a central growth area and occasionally in outer growth regions. Inclusions of impurities or formations of foreign particles in the central growth region are resolved in the images with high sensitivity to defects. Slow dehydration led to the broadening of a fairly symmetric 4 4 0 rocking curve by a factor of approximately 2.6, which was primarily attributed to the dehydration-induced microscopic effects that are clearly shown in X-ray diffraction images. The details of the observed defects and the significant change in the revealed microstructures with drying provide insight into the nature of imperfections, nucleation and growth, and the properties of protein crystals.

Published
2004
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139. Phase sensitive x-ray diffraction imaging of defects in biological macromolecular crystals.

Author

Hu ZW, Lai B, Chu YS, Cai Z, Mancini DC, Thomas BR, and Chernov AA

Subjects
Animals, Chickens, Crystallization, Egg Proteins chemistry, Female, X-Ray Diffraction, Ferritins chemistry, Muramidase chemistry
Abstract

Conventional x-ray diffraction topography is currently used to map defects in the bulk of protein crystals, but the lack of sufficient contrast is frequently a limiting factor. We experimentally demonstrate that this barrier can be circumvented using a method that combines phase sensitive and diffraction imaging principles. Details of defects revealed in tetragonal lysozyme and cubic ferritin crystals are presented and discussed. The approach enabling the detection of the phase changes of diffracted x rays should prove to be useful in the study of defect structures in a broad range of biological macromolecular crystals.

Published
2001
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140. Commensurate water monolayer at the RuO2(110)/water interface.

Author

Chu YS, Lister TE, Cullen WG, You H, and Nagy Z

Abstract

We demonstrate the presence of two types of commensurate, registered water monolayers with different densities at the RuO2(110)/bulk-water (0.1 M NaOH solution) interface with off-specular, oxygen crystal truncation rods. At anodic potentials (close to oxygen evolution), the extraneous water layer and the surface hydroxide layer form a bilayer with O-H-O bond distances similar to that of ice X. At cathodic potentials, the water molecules converted from the bridging OH molecules form a low-density water layer.

Published
2001
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141. Stimulatory and entraining effect of melatonin on tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neuron activity and inhibition on prolactin secretion.

Author

Chu YS, Shieh KR, Yuan ZF, and Pan JT

Subjects
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid metabolism, Acetamides pharmacology, Animals, Circadian Rhythm physiology, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Hypothalamus, Middle drug effects, Melatonin agonists, Melatonin antagonists & inhibitors, Naphthalenes pharmacology, Neurons drug effects, Ovariectomy, Prolactin blood, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Time Factors, Circadian Rhythm drug effects, Hypothalamus, Middle physiology, Melatonin pharmacology, Neurons physiology, Prolactin antagonists & inhibitors
Abstract

The aims of the present study were to determine if melatonin exerts an effect on prolactin (PRL) secretion via the tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic (TIDA) neurons and if endogenous or exogenous melatonin has an entraining effect on the rhythmic changes of TIDA neuronal activity and PRL secretion. Melatonin given in the morning (10:00 h), dose- (0.01-1 mg/kg, ip) and time- (at 15 and 60 min, but not at 30 min) dependently stimulated TIDA neuronal activity in ovariectomized (OVX), estrogen-treated rats as determined by 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) levels in the median eminence (ME). Serum PRL was concurrently inhibited by the injection. Melatonin administered in the afternoon (15:00 h) was even more effective in stimulating the lowered TIDA neuronal activity and inhibiting the increased PRL level than that given in the morning (10:00 h). S-20098, a melatonin agonist was also effective in stimulating the TIDA neurons. In contrast, S-20928, a putative melatonin antagonist, while it had no effect by itself, blocked the effect of S-20098. Although S-20928 failed to prevent melatonin's effect on ME DOPAC levels, six interspaced injections of S-20928, from 18:00 to 01:30 h, significantly blocked the increase of ME DOPAC levels at 03:00 h, indicating that the endogenous melatonin may play a role. We further used rats that received daily injection of melatonin (1 mg/kg, ip) at 18:00 h for 10 days and found that the injection augmented basal TIDA neuronal activity at 11:00 h and blunted the afternoon PRL surge. In all, melatonin can have an inhibitory effect on PRL secretion by stimulating the TIDA neurons, and it may help to entrain the circadian rhythms of both TIDA neuronal activity and PRL secretion.

Published
2000
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142. Molecular study of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells.

Author

Pan CY, Chu YS, and Kao LS

Subjects
Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, CHO Cells, Cattle, Cricetinae, Female, Molecular Sequence Data, Oocytes metabolism, Phosphorylation, Recombinant Proteins genetics, Recombinant Proteins metabolism, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Xenopus laevis, Chromaffin Cells metabolism, Sodium-Calcium Exchanger genetics, Sodium-Calcium Exchanger metabolism
Abstract

To identify the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger expressed in bovine chromaffin cells, the ncx gene was cloned from a bovine chromaffin cell cDNA library. Five partial clones were obtained and their nucleotide sequences showed that there were at least three isoforms containing different intracellular loops. The 3'-untranslated region was the same in all the clones. To examine the Na+/Ca2+ exchange activity of the clones, full-length ncx1 genes were constructed by replacing the corresponding region of bovine cardiac ncx1 clone p17 with the different regions from two bovine chromaffin cell clones; these were designated p17c and p17h. p17h, but not p17c, showed Na+/Ca2+ exchange activity when expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells and Xenopus oocytes. The expressed exchange activity of p17 was inhibited by 8-bromoadenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-Br-cAMP) but was not affected by PMA. However, the activity of p17h was inhibited by PMA but enhanced by 8-Br-cAMP. The agents that changed the activity of protein kinase C and cAMP-dependent protein kinase modulated the endogenous Na+/Ca2+ exchange current of chromaffin cells in a manner similar to that of p17h. Our results suggest that the p17h clone is the major isoform of the exchanger in chromaffin cells and is similar to the major ncx1 isoform in kidney. The exchange activity could be regulated by phosphorylation, and the variable region in the intracellular loop is important for the different effects of phosphorylation on the different isoforms.

Published
1998
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143. Circadian change of dopaminergic neuron activity: effects of constant light and melatonin.

Author

Shieh KR, Chu YS, and Pan JT

Subjects
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid metabolism, Animals, Dihydroxyphenylalanine metabolism, Female, Prolactin blood, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Time Factors, Circadian Rhythm physiology, Dopamine metabolism, Light, Melatonin physiology, Neurons physiology
Abstract

Twenty-four hour profiles of tuberoinfundibular (TI), nigrostriatal and mesolimbic dopaminergic (DA) neuronal activities were assessed in estrogen-primed ovariectomized rats using DOPAC and DOPA levels in terminal regions of DA neurons. Significant decreases in DOPAC and DOPA levels in the median eminence were observed at 17.00 and 21.00 h, which corresponded with higher serum prolactin levels. DOPAC or DOPA levels in the striatum and nucleus accumbens were, however, significantly higher during the dark (21.00-05.00 h) phase. In rats kept under conditions of continuous light, no late afternoon decline in median eminence DOPA was observed; this decline could be reinstated by repeated injections of melatonin between 18.00 and 01.30 h for 3 days. In summary, circadian rhythms of central DA neurons were shown and melatonin may play an entraining role.

Published
1997
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144. A 3 kb sequence from the mouse cellular retinoic-acid-binding protein gene upstream region mediates spatial and temporal LacZ expression in transgenic mouse embryos.

Author

Wei LN, Chen GJ, Chu YS, Tsao JL, and Nguyen-Huu MC

Subjects
Animals, Base Sequence, Embryo, Mammalian ultrastructure, Histocytochemistry, Mice, Mice, Transgenic, Molecular Sequence Data, Receptors, Retinoic Acid, Carrier Proteins genetics, Gene Expression Regulation genetics, Lac Operon genetics, Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid physiology, Tretinoin chemistry
Abstract

A 3233 base pair (bp) sequence of the 5'-flanking region of the mouse cellular retinoic-acid-binding protein (CRABP) gene is determined. From this region, a 3 kb fragment located 150 bp upstream from the transcriptional initiation site is isolated and fused to a LacZ reporter sequence. Transgenic mouse embryos of this fusion gene show spatially and temporally specific expression of LacZ protein and the expression of this fusion gene at the RNA level is confirmed by RNAase protection assays, which detect specific fusion transcripts in RNA samples from tissues of transgenic mouse embryos. In contrast, transgenic mouse embryos of a shorter fusion gene containing only 583 bp from the same upstream region of the mouse CRABP gene fused to the same reporter sequence show no LacZ activities. Thus, it is concluded that the 3 kb sequence, but not the 583 bp sequence, of the mouse CRABP gene contains information for its temporally and spatially specific expression in mouse embryos.

Published
1991
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145. Molecular cloning and transcriptional mapping of the mouse cellular retinoic acid-binding protein gene.

Author

Wei LN, Tsao JL, Chu YS, Jeannotte L, and Nguyen-Huu MC

Subjects
Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Base Sequence, Carrier Proteins metabolism, Cloning, Molecular, Exons, Genes, Mice, Molecular Sequence Data, Multigene Family, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Rats, Receptors, Retinoic Acid, Restriction Mapping, Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid, Carrier Proteins genetics, Transcription, Genetic, Tretinoin metabolism
Abstract

The gene encoding the mouse cellular retinoic acid-binding protein (CRABP) has been isolated from a mouse genomic library and its structure has been determined. This gene spans approximately 10.5 kb and consists of four exons encoding 24, 59, 38, and 16 amino acid residues, respectively. This gene structure is very similar to the structures of other related genes belonging to the same protein family such as the human cellular retinol-binding protein, the rat cellular retinol-binding protein II, the rat fatty acid-binding protein, and the mouse adipocyte P2 protein. The site for transcription initiation has been mapped to the 93rd nucleotide upstream from the translation initiation codon ATG using both primer extension and RNase protection assays. From the DNA sequence, the promoter of the CRABP gene resembles those found in the "housekeeping" genes in that it is very G/C rich, lacks a TATA box, and contains multiple copies of the sequence GGGCGG. The deduced amino acid sequence of the translated region is identical to the amino acid sequence of the known bovine CRABP, and the DNA sequence of the transcribed region from the mouse gene shows approximately 78% homology to that of the bovine cDNA.

Published
1990
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