165 results on '"Acetogenins chemistry"'
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102. Stereoselective total synthesis of (+)-giganin and its C10 epimer by using late-stage lithiation-borylation methodology.
- Author
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Fletcher CJ, Wheelhouse KM, and Aggarwal VK
- Subjects
- Acetogenins chemistry, Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic methods, Molecular Structure, Stereoisomerism, Acetogenins chemical synthesis, Boron Compounds chemistry, Lithium Compounds chemistry
- Abstract
The first total synthesis of (+)-giganin and its unnatural diastereoisomer (+)-C10-epi-giganin has been completed in a total of 13 linear steps, and 7 % and 8 % overall yield, respectively (see scheme; (-)-sp= (-)-sparteine, (+)-sps=(+)-sparteine surrogate). Lithiation-borylation methodology has been successfully applied in the key step, to couple together advanced intermediates with very high diastereoselectivity, thus demonstrating its power as a tool for total synthesis., (Copyright © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)
- Published
- 2013
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103. First total synthesis of Debilisone C.
- Author
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Saikia B, Devi TJ, and Barua NC
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- Acetogenins chemistry, Anti-Bacterial Agents chemistry, Lactones chemistry, Molecular Structure, Polyynes chemistry, Acetogenins chemical synthesis, Anti-Bacterial Agents chemical synthesis, Lactones chemical synthesis, Polyynes chemical synthesis
- Abstract
Total synthesis of Debilisone C, a lactone containing conjugated endiyne has been achieved. The adopted strategy involves the stereoselective construction of the five membered lactone ring and the C20 endiyne chain followed by regioselective coupling of both the parts. The lactone was obtained from the oxidative cleavage of the hydroxy olefin which was derived from the benzyl protected S-epichlorohydrine by regioselective epoxide opening with allyl trimethyl silane in presence of a Lewis acid at -78 °C. Takai olefination, Pd(0)/Ag(1) catalyzed cross-coupling reaction and selective substitution of trimethylsilyl groups were successfully utilized to establish the C20 polyyne chain. The final coupling of both the parts have been carried out by alkyl coupling using LDA in THF-DMPU (1 : 1).
- Published
- 2013
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104. Sesquiterpene and acetogenin derivatives from the marine red alga Laurencia okamurai.
- Author
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Liang Y, Li XM, Cui CM, Li CS, Sun H, and Wang BG
- Subjects
- Acetogenins chemistry, Acetogenins toxicity, Animals, Artemia drug effects, Lethal Dose 50, Sesquiterpenes chemistry, Sesquiterpenes toxicity, Spectrum Analysis, Acetogenins isolation & purification, Laurencia chemistry, Sesquiterpenes isolation & purification
- Abstract
In addition to 13 known compounds, four new bisabolane sesquiterpenes, okamurenes A-D (1-4), a new chamigrane derivative, okamurene E (5), and a new C₁₂-acetogenin, okamuragenin (6), were isolated from the marine red alga Laurencia okamurai. The structures of these compounds were determined through detailed spectroscopic analyses. Of these, okamurenes A and B (1 and 2) are the first examples of bromobisabolane sesquiterpenes possessing a phenyl moiety among Laurencia-derived sesquiterpenes, while okamuragenin (6) was the first acetogenin aldehyde possessing a C₁₂-carbon skeleton. Each of the isolated compounds was evaluated for the brine shrimp (Artemia salina) lethal assay and 7-hydroxylaurene displayed potent lethality with LD₅₀ 1.8 μM.
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- 2012
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105. Six cytotoxic annonaceous acetogenins from Annona squamosa seeds.
- Author
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Chen Y, Chen JW, Wang Y, Xu SS, and Li X
- Subjects
- Acetogenins chemistry, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Survival drug effects, Humans, Molecular Structure, Plant Extracts chemistry, Seeds chemistry, Acetogenins toxicity, Annona chemistry, Plant Extracts toxicity
- Abstract
Custard apple (Annona squamosa L.) is an edible tropical fruit, and its seeds had been used in south China as a folk medicine to treat "malignant sore" (cancer) and as an insecticide. Phytochemical investigation of the ethanol fraction of custard apple seeds led to the isolation of six new annonaceous acetogenins: annosquacins A-D (1-4), annosquatin A (5) and annosquatin B (6). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 1-4 are adjacent bistetrahydrofuran annonaceous acetogenins. Compounds 5 and 6 are non-adjacent bistetrahydrofuran annonaceous acetogenins and the first examples in which the tetrahydrofuran ring system is located between C-9 and C-20. The absolute configurations of 1-6 were defined by the application of the Mosher method. Compounds 1-6 exhibited potent cytotoxic activity in vitro against five human tumour cell lines. Compounds 5 and 6 showed a high selectivity toward the MCF-7 and A-549 cell line respectively., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2012
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106. Transannular O-heterocyclization: a useful tool for the total synthesis of Murisolin and 16,19-cis-Murisolin.
- Author
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Persich P, Kerschbaumer J, Helling S, Hildmann B, Wibbeling B, and Haufe G
- Subjects
- Candida enzymology, Cyclization, Furans chemistry, Lactones chemistry, Lipase metabolism, Molecular Structure, Stereoisomerism, Acetogenins chemistry, Furans chemical synthesis, Lactones chemical synthesis
- Abstract
Transannular O-heterocyclization is applied as a key step in a total synthesis. This highly stereoselective and metal-free transformation introduces four stereocenters in one step. It was chosen to be the pivotal step in the synthesis of Murisolin and 16,19-cis-Murisolin, two annonaceous acetogenins. The efficiency of this synthesis is further illustrated by a stereodivergent late-stage separation of both synthetic routes.
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- 2012
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107. A unifying stereochemical analysis for the formation of halogenated C15-acetogenin medium-ring ethers from Laurencia species via intramolecular bromonium ion assisted epoxide ring-opening and experimental corroboration with a model epoxide.
- Author
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Bonney KJ and Braddock DC
- Subjects
- Acetogenins isolation & purification, Ethers metabolism, Halogenation, Halogens metabolism, Laurencia metabolism, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Molecular Structure, Stereoisomerism, Acetogenins chemistry, Biological Products chemistry, Epoxy Compounds chemistry, Ethers chemistry, Halogens chemistry, Ions chemistry, Laurencia chemistry
- Abstract
A unifying stereochemical analysis for the formation of the constitutional isomeric halogenated C(15)-acetogenin medium-ring ether natural products from Laurencia species is presented, where an intramolecular bromonium ion assisted epoxide ring-opening reaction of enantiomerically pure epoxides can account for ring-size, the position of the halogen substituents, and relative and absolute configurations of the known natural products. Experimentally, a model epoxide corroborates the feasibility of this process for concurrent formation of 7-, 8- and 9-ring ethers corresponding to the halogenated medium-ring ethers of known metabolites from Laurencia species.
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- 2012
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108. Comprehensive characterization of Annonaceous acetogenins within a complex extract by HPLC-ESI-LTQ-Orbitrap® using post-column lithium infusion.
- Author
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Le Ven J, Schmitz-Afonso I, Lewin G, Laprévote O, Brunelle A, Touboul D, and Champy P
- Subjects
- Acetates chemistry, Annona chemistry, Cations chemistry, Chromatography, Reverse-Phase methods, Models, Molecular, Sensitivity and Specificity, Acetogenins analysis, Acetogenins chemistry, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid methods, Lithium chemistry, Plant Extracts chemistry, Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization methods
- Abstract
Annonaceous acetogenins (AAGs) are a homogenous class of polyketides proposed as environmental neurotoxins. Previous dereplication studies of AAGs were limited by the use of low-resolution mass spectrometers. Only poor information in terms of structures was provided due to the limited fragmentation of protonated or sodium cationized species. An innovative approach, using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a hybrid linear ion trap/orbitrap mass spectrometer (LTQ-Orbitrap®), was therefore performed. Sensitivity was enhanced by post-column infusion of lithium, since AAGs have a high affinity for this cation. High level of structural information was obtained from low-energy-collision-induced dissociation fragmentation experiments of lithium-cationized AAGs ([M + Li](+) ions) as demonstrated with purified standards. The method was then applied to a total ethyl-acetate extract prepared from commercial soursop nectar (Annona muricata L.). The sensitivity, mass accuracy and specific fragmentation patterns proved to be particularly useful for characterization of the AAGs. Typical structural identification procedure and unexpected observations for specific structural types are illustrated, with major and minor compounds., (Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)
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- 2012
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109. Insecticidal properties of annonaceous acetogenins and their analogues. Interaction with lipid membranes.
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Blessing LD, Ramos J, Diaz S, Ben Altabef A, Bardón A, Brovetto M, Seoane G, and Neske A
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- Acetogenins chemistry, Animals, Calorimetry, Differential Scanning, Insecticides chemistry, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, Spodoptera, Acetogenins pharmacology, Insecticides pharmacology, Membrane Lipids chemistry
- Abstract
The interactions were studied by FTIR and DSC of the terminal lactone of annonaceous acetogenins (ACGs) and synthetic analogues, such as THF, with POPC bilayers, as well as the toxic effect produced by these compounds on Spodoptera frugiperda larvae. The aim of this work was to find a relationship between ACG insecticidal properties and the specific sites of interaction with lipid membranes. ACGs interact to different extents with the phosphate of lipid membranes and differences in the antisymmetric stretching of the phosphate groups were found in the presence of water that indicate water loss and further hydrogen bonding.The ACG tested produced more than 70% larval mortality. Rolliniastatin-1 (3) proved to have the most toxic effects (100%) on early larval instars when incorporated in the larval diet at a dose of 100 microg per g of diet. Additionally, it produced a significant decrease in growth rate (GR) and consumption index (CI), and reduced the efficiency with which larvae converted ingested food into biomass (ECI). The destabilization that occurs in the membrane due to dehydration around the phosphate groups caused by interaction with ACGs and their synthetic analogues would account for ACGs' insecticidal action.
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- 2012
110. Cardiotoxicity of acetogenins from Persea americana occurs through the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and caspase-dependent apoptosis pathways.
- Author
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Silva-Platas C, García N, Fernández-Sada E, Dávila D, Hernández-Brenes C, Rodríguez D, and García-Rivas G
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- Acetogenins chemistry, Animals, Cardiotoxins chemistry, Electron Transport Complex I metabolism, Humans, Male, Mitochondria, Heart pathology, Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore, Oxygen Consumption drug effects, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Acetogenins pharmacology, Apoptosis drug effects, Cardiotoxins pharmacology, Mitochondria, Heart metabolism, Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins metabolism, Persea chemistry, Seeds chemistry
- Abstract
Acetogenins are cell-membrane permeable, naturally occurring secondary metabolites of plants such as Annonaceae, Lauraceae and other related phylogenic families. They belong to the chemical derivatives of polyketides, which are synthesized from fatty acid precursors. Although acetogenins have displayed diverse biological activities, the anti-proliferative effect on human cancer cells has been widely reported. Acetogenins are inhibitors of complex I in the electron transport chain therefore they interrupt ATP synthesis in mitochondria. We tested a new acetogenins-enriched extract from the seed of Persea americana in order to investigate if any toxicity was induced on cardiac tissue and determine the involved mechanism. In isolated perfused heart we found that contractility was completely inhibited at an accumulative dose of 77 μg/ml. In isolated cardiomyocytes, the acetogenins-enriched extract induced apoptosis through the activation of the intrinsic pathway at 43 μg/ml. In isolated mitochondria, it inhibited complex I activity on NADH-linked respiration, as would be expected, but also induced permeability transition on succinate-linked respiration. Cyclosporine A, a known blocker of permeability transition, significantly prevented the permeability transition triggered by the acetogenins-enriched extract. In addition, our acetogenins-enriched extract inhibited ADP/ATP exchange, suggesting that an important element in phosphate or adenylate transport was affected. In this manner we suggest that acetogenins-enriched extract from Persea americana could directly modulate permeability transition, an entity not yet associated with the acetogenins' direct effects, resulting in cardiotoxicity.
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- 2012
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111. Isodesacetyluvaricin, an Annonaceous acetogenin, specifically inhibits gene expression of cyclooxygenase-2.
- Author
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Wu TY, Yang IH, Tsai YT, Wang JY, Shiurba R, Hsieh TJ, Chang FR, and Chang WC
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- Acetogenins chemistry, Annona chemistry, Calcium analysis, Cyclooxygenase 1 drug effects, Cyclooxygenase 1 genetics, Cyclooxygenase 1 metabolism, Cyclooxygenase 2 drug effects, Cyclooxygenase 2 genetics, Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors pharmacology, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Epidermal Growth Factor pharmacology, Humans, Indomethacin pharmacology, Molecular Structure, Seeds chemistry, Taiwan, Acetogenins pharmacology, Cyclooxygenase 2 metabolism
- Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an inducible isoform of the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of several inflammatory mediators. In a search for phytochemicals with anti-inflammatory activity, the COX-2 inhibitory activity of 15 typical Annonaceous acetogenins was examined. Isodesacetyluvaricin (1), from the Formosan tropical fruit tree Annona glabra, exhibited the most potent activity. Reverse transcription PCR was used to test the effect of 1 on epidermal growth factor-stimulated expression of COX-2 in cultures of A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells. Three hours after exposure to 1 (5 μM), A431 cells had barely detectable levels of COX-2 mRNA. A corresponding but smaller decline in the COX-2 protein appeared on using Western blots. Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated expression of COX-2 in Raw 264.7 mouse leukemic monocyte-macrophages showed a similar decrease. Luciferase assays revealed that cells exposed to 1 had reduced activities of two COX-2 promoter-transcription factors: cAMP response element-binding factor and nuclear factor of activated T-cells. Compound 1 did not affect cell proliferation, as measured by a colorimetric assay, or intracellular store-operated calcium influx, as determined by fluorescence imaging. Thus, 1 may serve as a lead compound for targeting inflammatory diseases as well as angiogenesis and cancer metastasis., (© 2012 American Chemical Society and American Society of Pharmacognosy)
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- 2012
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112. Sesquiterpenes and acetogenins from the marine red alga Laurencia okamurai.
- Author
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Li XD, Miao FP, Li K, and Ji NY
- Subjects
- Acetogenins chemistry, Acetogenins pharmacology, Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents chemistry, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Artemia drug effects, Biological Products pharmacology, China, Molecular Structure, Sesquiterpenes chemistry, Sesquiterpenes pharmacology, Acetogenins isolation & purification, Anti-Bacterial Agents isolation & purification, Biological Products chemistry, Laurencia chemistry, Sesquiterpenes isolation & purification
- Abstract
Three new halogenated sesquiterpenes, 10-bromo-7α,8α-expoxychamigr-1-en-3-ol (1), 10-bromo-β-chamigren-8-ol (2), and 10-bromo-3-chlorocupar-5-en-2-ol (3), one new C₁₂-acetogenin, desepilaurallene (7), one new naturally occurring sesquiterpene, 7-hydroxylaurene acetate (4), two known sesquiterpenes, allolaurinterol acetate (5) and laurene (6), and one known C₁₅-acetogenin, epilaurallene (8), were isolated from the marine red alga Laurencia okamurai collected from the coast of Rongcheng, China. The structures of these compounds were unambiguously established by 1D, 2D NMR and mass spectroscopic techniques. The bioassay results showed that 4, 5 exhibited potent antibacterial activity, and 1, 4, 5 were toxic to brine shrimp., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2012
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113. Antiproliferative acetogenins from a Uvaria sp. from the Madagascar dry forest.
- Author
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Dai Y, Harinantenaina L, Brodie PJ, Callmander MW, Randrianaivo R, Rakotonandrasana S, Rakotobe E, Rasamison VE, Shen Y, TenDyke K, Suh EM, and Kingston DG
- Subjects
- Acetogenins chemistry, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic chemistry, Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor, Female, Furans chemistry, Humans, Madagascar, Molecular Structure, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular, Trees, Acetogenins isolation & purification, Acetogenins pharmacology, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic isolation & purification, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic pharmacology, Furans isolation & purification, Furans pharmacology, Uvaria chemistry
- Abstract
Investigation of the endemic Madagascan plant Uvaria sp. for antiproliferative activity against the A2780 ovarian cancer cell line led to the isolation of two new acetogenins. The structures of these two compounds were elucidated on the basis of analysis of their 1D and 2D NMR spectra, circular dichroism, and mass spectrometric data, together with chemical modification. The two acetogenins display weak antiproliferative activity against the A2780 ovarian cancer, the A2058 melanoma, and the H522 lung cancer cell lines.
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- 2012
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114. Identification of an annonaceous acetogenin mimetic, AA005, as an AMPK activator and autophagy inducer in colon cancer cells.
- Author
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Liu YQ, Cheng X, Guo LX, Mao C, Chen YJ, Liu HX, Xiao QC, Jiang S, Yao ZJ, and Zhou GB
- Subjects
- AMP-Activated Protein Kinases antagonists & inhibitors, Adenosine Triphosphate metabolism, Cell Line, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Fatty Alcohols chemistry, Humans, Lactones chemistry, Pyrazoles pharmacology, Pyrimidines pharmacology, AMP-Activated Protein Kinases metabolism, Acetogenins chemistry, Autophagy drug effects, Fatty Alcohols pharmacology, Lactones pharmacology
- Abstract
Annonaceous acetogenins, a large family of naturally occurring polyketides isolated from various species of the plant genus Annonaceae, have been found to exhibit significant cytotoxicity against a variety of cancer cells. Previous studies showed that these compounds could act on the mitochondria complex-I and block the corresponding electron transport chain and terminate ATP production. However, more details of the mechanisms of action remain ambiguous. In this study we tested the effects of a set of mimetics of annonaceous acetogenin on some cancer cell lines, and report that among them AA005 exhibits the most potent antitumor activity. AA005 depletes ATP, activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and inhibits mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) signal pathway, leading to growth inhibition and autophagy of colon cancer cells. AMPK inhibitors compound C and inosine repress, while AMPK activator AICAR enhances, AA005-caused proliferation suppression and subsequent autophagy of colon cancer cells. AA005 enhances the ATP depletion and AMPK activation caused by 2-deoxyglucose, an inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis. AA005 also inhibits chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin-triggered up-regulation of mTOR and synergizes with this drug in suppression of proliferation and induction of apoptosis of colon cancer cells. These data indicate that AA005 is a new metabolic inhibitor which exhibits therapeutic potentials in colon cancer.
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- 2012
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115. Attenuation of experimental TPA-induced dermatitis by acetylenic acetogenins is associated with inhibition of PLA₂ activity.
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Otuki MF, Schwob O, Silveira Prudente A, Zaltsman I, Meretski S, Segal J, Yedgar S, and Rosenblat G
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- Acetogenins therapeutic use, Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents chemistry, Anti-Inflammatory Agents pharmacology, Anti-Inflammatory Agents therapeutic use, Cell Line, Dermatitis, Contact etiology, Enzyme Inhibitors chemistry, Enzyme Inhibitors pharmacology, Enzyme Inhibitors therapeutic use, Humans, Male, Mice, Phospholipases A2 metabolism, Acetogenins chemistry, Acetogenins pharmacology, Acetylene chemistry, Dermatitis, Contact drug therapy, Dermatitis, Contact enzymology, Phospholipase A2 Inhibitors, Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate adverse effects
- Abstract
Topical application of acetylenic acetogenins (AAG) from avocado (0.01-1.0mg/ear), was effective in inhibiting both 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced mouse ear edema, and in decreasing tissue myeloperoxidase activity (indicative of polymorphonuclear leukocyte influx). Maximum edema inhibition of 72% was achieved by AAG at lower concentration (0.6 mg/ear) than that of the anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin (2mg/ear). The maximum myeloperoxidase inhibition of 60% was obtained at AAG concentration 0.1mg/ear. Chemical reduction of unsaturated bonds in aliphatic chain of AAG molecules almost abrogated inhibition effect of AAG at high concentration. In vitro AAG administration reduced secretion of PGE(2) in TPA-induced keratinocytes, and inhibited total PLA(2) and sPLA(2) activities in HaCaT cells. The results indicate a topical anti-inflammatory effect of acetylenic acetogenins which is associated with inhibition of PLA(2) activity in skin., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2011
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116. Chemical constituents of the fermented broth of the ascomycete Theissenia cinerea 89091602.
- Author
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Liang WL, Hsiao CJ, Ju YM, Lee LH, and Lee TH
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- Acetogenins pharmacology, Antineoplastic Agents pharmacology, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor, Fermentation, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Molecular Structure, Xylariales growth & development, Acetogenins chemistry, Acetogenins isolation & purification, Antineoplastic Agents chemistry, Antineoplastic Agents isolation & purification, Xylariales chemistry
- Abstract
One new betaenone, theissenoic acid (1), together with three new acetogenins, theissenolactones A-C (2-4, resp.), were isolated from the fermented broth of Theissenia cinerea 89091602 isolated in Taiwan. The structures of 1-4 were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Biological tests revealed that 3 and 4 exhibited moderate growth-inhibitory activities against A549 lung cancer cell line with GI(50) values of 14.9 and 47.9 μM, respectively., (Copyright © 2011 Verlag Helvetica Chimica Acta AG, Zürich.)
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- 2011
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117. Cytotoxic bistetrahydrofuran annonaceous acetogenins from the seeds of Annona squamosa.
- Author
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Chen Y, Chen JW, and Li X
- Subjects
- Acetogenins chemistry, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic chemistry, Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor, Drugs, Chinese Herbal chemistry, Humans, Molecular Structure, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular, Seeds chemistry, Acetogenins isolation & purification, Acetogenins pharmacology, Annona chemistry, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic isolation & purification, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic pharmacology, Drugs, Chinese Herbal isolation & purification, Drugs, Chinese Herbal pharmacology, Plants, Medicinal chemistry
- Abstract
Three new bistetrahydrofuran annonaceous acetogenins (1-3) were isolated from a 95% EtOH extract of Annona squamosa seeds. Four known annonaceous acetogenins, uvarigrandin A (4), bullatacin (5), squamostatin-A (6), and squamostatin-D (7), were also isolated. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses, and the absolute configurations of the carbinol centers of 1-3 were defined by application of the Mosher method. These compounds all exhibited significant cytotoxic activity in vitro against five human tumor cell lines.
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- 2011
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118. Nematicidal and antifungal activities of annonaceous acetogenins from Annona squamosa against various plant pathogens.
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Dang QL, Kim WK, Nguyen CM, Choi YH, Choi GJ, Jang KS, Park MS, Lim CH, Luu NH, and Kim JC
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- Acetogenins chemistry, Acetogenins isolation & purification, Plant Extracts chemistry, Acetogenins pharmacology, Annona chemistry, Antinematodal Agents pharmacology, Fungicides, Industrial pharmacology, Seeds chemistry
- Abstract
The methanol extract of Annona squamosa seeds was highly active against two phytoparasitic nematodes, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and Meloidogyne incognita. It efficiently suppressed plant diseases, caused by Phytophthora infestans and Puccinia recondita. Ten annonaceous acetogenins (AAs) were isolated, and their chemical structures were identified by mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectral data. Out of 10 substances, eight displayed strong in vitro nematicidal activity against B. xylophilus with LD(50) values ranging 0.006 to 0.048 μg/mL. Squamocin-G showed potent nematicidal activity against M. incognita. Squamocin, squamocin-G, and squamostatin-A also displayed potent in vitro and in vivo antifungal activities against P. infestans causing tomato late blight. In addition, squamostatin-A effectively controlled the development of wheat leaf rust caused by P. recondita. Our findings suggested that A. squamosa seeds and its bioactive AAs can be an alternative resource of a promising botanical nematicide and fungicide to control various plant diseases.
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- 2011
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119. A general strategy for the stereocontrolled preparation of diverse 8- and 9-membered Laurencia-type bromoethers.
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Snyder SA, Treitler DS, Brucks AP, and Sattler W
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- Acetogenins chemistry, Ethers chemistry, Furans chemical synthesis, Furans chemistry, Hydrocarbons, Brominated chemistry, Acetogenins chemical synthesis, Ethers chemical synthesis, Hydrocarbons, Brominated chemical synthesis, Laurencia chemistry
- Abstract
A unique procedure to effect a ring-expanding bromoetherification process is described, wherein tetrahydrofurans and tetrahydropyrans are smoothly transformed into 8- and 9-membered bromoethers in a regio- and stereocontrolled manner through the use of BDSB (bromodiethylsulfonium bromopentachloroantimonate). These products resemble the cores of the Laurencia C15 acetogenins. In light of the generality and effectiveness of the approach, this work provides a unique strategy for their laboratory preparation and may implicate a possible biosynthesis pathway.
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- 2011
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120. Design and synthesis of C35-fluorinated solamins and their growth inhibitory activities against human cancer cell lines.
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Kojima N, Suga Y, Hayashi H, Yamori T, Yoshimitsu T, and Tanaka T
- Subjects
- Acetogenins chemistry, Antineoplastic Agents chemistry, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor, Female, Growth Inhibitors chemistry, Halogenation, Humans, Male, Neoplasms drug therapy, Acetogenins chemical synthesis, Acetogenins pharmacology, Antineoplastic Agents chemical synthesis, Antineoplastic Agents pharmacology, Drug Design, Growth Inhibitors chemical synthesis, Growth Inhibitors pharmacology
- Abstract
The convergent synthesis of C35-fluorinated analogues of solamin, a mono-THF Annonaceous acetogenin, has been achieved by the Sonogashira coupling of the THF ring fragment and the fluorinated γ-lactone fragment. It was revealed that the number of fluorine atoms on the γ-lactone moiety affects the growth inhibitory activities against human cancer cell lines., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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- 2011
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121. Cananginones A–I, linear acetogenins from the stem bark of Miliusa velutina [corrected].
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Wongsa N, Kanokmedhakul S, and Kanokmedhakul K
- Subjects
- Acetogenins chemistry, Acetogenins isolation & purification, Anti-Infective Agents chemistry, Anti-Infective Agents isolation & purification, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic chemistry, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic isolation & purification, Candida albicans drug effects, Cell Line, Tumor, Female, Humans, Inhibitory Concentration 50, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Plant Bark chemistry, Plant Stems chemistry, Plasmodium falciparum drug effects, Acetogenins pharmacology, Anti-Infective Agents pharmacology, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic pharmacology, Cananga chemistry, Plant Extracts chemistry
- Abstract
Nine linear C23 and C21 acetogenins, named cananginones A-I (1-9), were isolated from stem bark of Miliusa velutina [corrected] . Their structures were established by spectroscopic methods. These compounds showed cytotoxicity against three cancer cell lines (KB, MCF7 and NCI-H187) with IC₅₀ values in the range 16.6-129.7 μM. Only 5 showed weak antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum. In addition, 8 and 9 exhibited weak antifungal activity against Candida albicans., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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- 2011
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122. Bis-THF motif of acetogenin binds to the third matrix-side loop of ND1 subunit in mitochondrial NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase.
- Author
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Nakanishi S, Abe M, Yamamoto S, Murai M, and Miyoshi H
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- Acetogenins chemistry, Acetogenins pharmacology, Animals, Cattle, Electron Transport Complex I antagonists & inhibitors, Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel, Hydrolysis, Photoaffinity Labels, Protein Binding, Submitochondrial Particles enzymology, Acetogenins metabolism, Electron Transport Complex I metabolism, Mitochondria, Heart enzymology
- Abstract
Natural acetogenins are among the most potent inhibitors of bovine heart mitochondrial NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I). Our photoaffinity labeling study suggested that the hydroxylated bis-THF ring moiety of acetogenins binds at "site A" in the third matrix-side loop connecting the fifth and sixth transmembrane helices in the ND1 subunit [Kakutani et al. (2010) Biochemistry 49, 4794-4803]. Nevertheless, since this proposition was led using a photoreactive Δlac-acetogenin derivative, it needs to be directly verified using a natural acetogenin-type probe. We therefore conducted photoaffinity labeling using a photoreactive natural acetogenin mimic ([(125)I]diazinylated natural acetogenin, [(125)I]DANA), which has a small photolabile diazirine group, in place of a hydroxy group, attached to the bis-THF ring moiety. Analysis of the photocross-linked protein in bovine heart submitochondrial particles unambiguously revealed that [(125)I]DANA binds to the membrane subunit ND1 with high specificity. The photocross-linking was completely blocked in the presence of just a 5-fold excess of bullatacin, indicating that [(125)I]DANA is an excellent mimic of natural acetogenins and hence binds to the site that accommodates natural products. Careful examination of the fragmentation patterns of the cross-linked ND1 generated by different proteases and their combinations indicated that the cross-linked residue is predominantly located at the supposed site A in the third matrix-side loop., (2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2011
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123. The calcium-chelating capability of tetrahydrofuranic moieties modulates the cytotoxicity of annonaceous acetogenins.
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Liaw CC, Liao WY, Chen CS, Jao SC, Wu YC, Shen CN, and Wu SH
- Subjects
- Acetogenins chemistry, Acetogenins isolation & purification, Antineoplastic Agents chemical synthesis, Antineoplastic Agents chemistry, Antineoplastic Agents pharmacology, Apoptosis drug effects, Cell Survival drug effects, Chelating Agents chemical synthesis, Chelating Agents chemistry, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor, Hep G2 Cells, Humans, Models, Biological, Molecular Conformation, Organometallic Compounds chemical synthesis, Organometallic Compounds chemistry, Stereoisomerism, Structure-Activity Relationship, Acetogenins pharmacology, Calcium chemistry, Chelating Agents pharmacology, Furans chemistry, Organometallic Compounds pharmacology
- Published
- 2011
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124. A quarter century of pharmacognostic research on Panamanian flora: a review.
- Author
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Caballero-George C and Gupta MP
- Subjects
- Acetogenins chemistry, Anti-Infective Agents chemistry, Anti-Infective Agents isolation & purification, Ethnicity, Ethnopharmacology, Flavonoids chemistry, Humans, Indians, Central American, Magnoliopsida chemistry, Panama, Plant Components, Aerial chemistry, Plant Preparations chemistry, Plant Roots chemistry, Pharmacognosy, Plant Preparations pharmacology, Plants, Medicinal chemistry
- Abstract
Panama is a unique terrestrial bridge of extreme biological importance. It is one of the "hot spots" and occupies the fourth place among the 25 most plant-rich countries in the world, with 13.4 % endemic species. Panamanian plants have been screened for a wide range of biological activities: as cytotoxic, brine shrimp-toxic, antiplasmodial, antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, immunosuppressive, and antihypertensive agents. This review concentrates on ethnopharmacological uses of medicinal plants employed by three Amerindian groups of Panama and on selected plants with novel structures and/or interesting bioactive compounds. During the last quarter century, a total of approximately 390 compounds from 86 plants have been isolated, of which 160 are new to the literature. Most of the work reported here has been the result of many international collaborative efforts with scientists worldwide. From the results presented, it is immediately obvious that the Panamanian flora is still an untapped source of new bioactive compounds., (© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)
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- 2011
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125. Design, synthesis of symmetrical bivalent mimetics of annonaceous acetogenins and their cytotoxicities.
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Xiao Q, Liu Y, Qiu Y, Yao Z, Zhou G, Yao ZJ, and Jiang S
- Subjects
- Antineoplastic Agents chemistry, Benzoquinones chemistry, Benzoquinones toxicity, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Cell Survival drug effects, Female, Humans, Inhibitory Concentration 50, Molecular Structure, Neoplasms drug therapy, Acetogenins chemistry, Acetogenins toxicity, Antineoplastic Agents chemical synthesis, Antineoplastic Agents toxicity, Benzoquinones chemical synthesis, Drug Design
- Abstract
A new series of linear dimeric compounds mimicking naturally occurring annonaceous acetogenins have been synthesized by bivalent analogue design, and their cytotoxicities have been evaluated against the growth of cancer cells by MTT method. Most of these compounds show selective action favored to human cancer cell lines over normal cell lines, and compound 9 with bis-terminal benzoquinone functionality exhibits an IC(50)=0.40 μM against MCF7 cell lines. This work mentions that appropriate conformational constraints might be a useful optimizing tool for this unique class of anticancer compounds., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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- 2011
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126. Aliphatic acetogenin constituents of avocado fruits inhibit human oral cancer cell proliferation by targeting the EGFR/RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK1/2 pathway.
- Author
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D'Ambrosio SM, Han C, Pan L, Kinghorn AD, and Ding H
- Subjects
- Acetogenins chemistry, Antineoplastic Agents chemistry, ErbB Receptors antagonists & inhibitors, Fatty Acids, Unsaturated chemistry, Humans, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 antagonists & inhibitors, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 antagonists & inhibitors, Plant Extracts chemistry, Plant Extracts pharmacology, raf Kinases antagonists & inhibitors, ras Proteins antagonists & inhibitors, Acetogenins pharmacology, Antineoplastic Agents pharmacology, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Fatty Acids, Unsaturated pharmacology, Fruit chemistry, Mouth Neoplasms enzymology, Persea chemistry
- Abstract
Avocado (Persea americana) fruits are consumed as part of the human diet and extracts have shown growth inhibitory effects in various types of human cancer cells, although the effectiveness of individual components and their underlying mechanism are poorly understood. Using activity-guided fractionation of the flesh of avocado fruits, a chloroform-soluble extract (D003) was identified that exhibited high efficacy towards premalignant and malignant human oral cancer cell lines. From this extract, two aliphatic acetogenins of previously known structure were isolated, compounds 1 [(2S,4S)-2,4-dihydroxyheptadec-16-enyl acetate] and 2 [(2S,4S)-2,4-dihydroxyheptadec-16-ynyl acetate]. In this study, we show for the first time that the growth inhibitory efficacy of this chloroform extract is due to blocking the phosphorylation of EGFR (Tyr1173), c-RAF (Ser338), and ERK1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204) in the EGFR/RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK1/2 cancer pathway. Compounds 1 and 2 both inhibited phosphorylation of c-RAF (Ser338) and ERK1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204). Compound 2, but not compound 1, prevented EGF-induced activation of the EGFR (Tyr1173). When compounds 1 and 2 were combined they synergistically inhibited c-RAF (Ser338) and ERK1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204) phosphorylation, and human oral cancer cell proliferation. The present data suggest that the potential anticancer activity of avocado fruits is due to a combination of specific aliphatic acetogenins that target two key components of the EGFR/RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK1/2 cancer pathway., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2011
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127. Specific inhibitions of annonaceous acetogenins on class II 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase from Streptococcus pneumoniae.
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Feng L, Zhou L, Sun Y, Gui J, Wang X, Wu P, Wan J, Ren Y, Qiu S, Wei X, and Li J
- Subjects
- Acetogenins chemical synthesis, Acetogenins pharmacology, Amino Acid Sequence, Binding Sites, Computer Simulation, Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases genetics, Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases metabolism, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors chemistry, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors pharmacology, Kinetics, Molecular Sequence Data, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Recombinant Proteins chemistry, Recombinant Proteins genetics, Recombinant Proteins metabolism, Sequence Alignment, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Acetogenins chemistry, Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases chemistry, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors chemical synthesis, Streptococcus pneumoniae enzymology
- Abstract
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (class II HMGR) could serve as a potential target to discover drugs fighting against the invasive diseases originated from Streptococcus pneumoniae, one of the major causes of bacterial disease in human. However, no strongly effective inhibitors of class II HMGR have been found so far. In the present study, for the first time, four annonaceous acetogenins (ACGs) were explored for the inhibition on S. pneumoniae HMGR. The results showed that the ACGs had higher inhibitory activities against S. pneumoniae HMGR with K(i) values in the range of 6.45-20.49 μM than the statin drug lovastatin (K(i)=116.25 μM), a classical inhibitor of class I HMGR. Then, three-dimensional modeling and docking simulations analyzed the possible binding mode of ACGs to S. pneumoniae HMGR and suggested a kind of novel structural and binding mode for designing promising inhibitor candidates of the targeted enzyme S. pneumoniae II HMGR., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2011
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128. Nonterpenoid C15 acetogenins from Laurencia marilzae.
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Gutiérrez-Cepeda A, Fernández JJ, Gil LV, López-Rodríguez M, Norte M, and Souto ML
- Subjects
- Acetogenins chemistry, Acetogenins pharmacology, Antineoplastic Agents chemistry, Antineoplastic Agents pharmacology, Crystallography, X-Ray, Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor, Humans, Molecular Structure, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular, Acetogenins isolation & purification, Antineoplastic Agents isolation & purification, Laurencia chemistry
- Abstract
Eight new halogenated C(15) acetogenins, 1-8, were isolated from the organic extract of the red alga Laurencia marilzae. The structure elucidation and the assignments of the relative configurations were established by extensive use of spectroscopic studies, particularly 1D and 2D NMR data, while the absolute configurations of compounds 1 and 5 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Compounds 1, 2, 4, 5, and 7, along with the previously reported related cyclic ether obtusallene IV (9), were evaluated against six human solid tumor cell lines. All compounds were found to be essentially inactive (GI(50) > 10 μg/mL).
- Published
- 2011
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129. Antiproliferative effects of novel aliphatic acetogenin analogs against aggressive solid tumor cell lines.
- Author
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León LG, Giovannetti E, Alecci C, Giancola F, Funel N, Zucali P, Peters GJ, and Padrón JM
- Subjects
- Acetogenins chemistry, Adenocarcinoma metabolism, Adenocarcinoma pathology, Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal metabolism, Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal pathology, Cell Line, Tumor, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Flow Cytometry, Humans, Mesothelioma metabolism, Mesothelioma pathology, Molecular Structure, Pancreatic Neoplasms metabolism, Pancreatic Neoplasms pathology, Phosphorylation drug effects, Pleural Neoplasms metabolism, Pleural Neoplasms pathology, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt metabolism, Acetogenins pharmacology, Apoptosis drug effects, Cell Cycle drug effects, Cell Proliferation drug effects
- Abstract
Unlabelled: The antiproliferative effects of three synthetic analogs of aliphatic acetogenins selected from a previous screening were compared to those of the drugs used for the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC)., Materials and Methods: Four PDAC and three MPM cell lines were used in the study. Cell growth inhibition was determined after 48 h exposure to the drugs. Cell-cycle disruption and apoptosis induction were studied by flow cytometry. The modulation of Akt phosphorylation was studied using a specific ELISA for P-Ser473 Akt., Results: The new compounds inhibited cell growth, induced apoptosis and cell-cycle abrogation in all cell lines. Phosphorylated Akt levels rose after treatment., Conclusion: The results demonstrated better performance of aliphatic acetogenin analogs against PDAC cells when compared to standard anticancer drugs. For MPM cells, the application of the new compounds may play an important role in overcoming the resistance to conventional treatments.
- Published
- 2011
130. Synthesis and stereochemical assignment of (+)-chamuvarinin.
- Author
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Florence GJ, Morris JC, Murray RG, Osler JD, Reddy VR, and Smith TK
- Subjects
- Acetogenins chemistry, Molecular Structure, Plant Roots chemistry, Stereoisomerism, Uvaria chemistry, Acetogenins chemical synthesis
- Abstract
A stereocontrolled total synthesis of (+)-chamuvarinin, isolated from the root extract of Uvaria Chamae, utilizes a convergent modular strategy to construct the adjacently linked C15-C28 ether array, followed by a late-stage Julia-Kocienski olefination to append the butenolide motif. This constitutes the first total synthesis of (+)-chamuvarinin, defining the relative and absolute configuration of this unique annonaceous acetogenin.
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- 2011
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131. Potent antitumor mimetics of annonaceous acetogenins embedded with an aromatic moiety in the left hydrocarbon chain part.
- Author
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Xiao Q, Liu Y, Qiu Y, Zhou G, Mao C, Li Z, Yao ZJ, and Jiang S
- Subjects
- Acetogenins chemistry, Acetogenins pharmacology, Antineoplastic Agents chemistry, Antineoplastic Agents pharmacology, Cell Line, Tumor, Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor, Humans, Molecular Conformation, Molecular Mimicry, Stereoisomerism, Structure-Activity Relationship, Acetogenins chemical synthesis, Antineoplastic Agents chemical synthesis
- Abstract
Annonaceous acetogenins are a large family of naturally occurring polyketides exhibiting remarkable anticancer activities. The first generation of annonaceous acetogenin mimetic (1, AA005) exhibits comparable activity as that of natural products and presents much higher selectivity between cancer and normal cells. In this work, we report the design, synthesis, and evaluation of a new series of compound 1 analogues in which a variety of conformation-constrained fragments were embedded in the left hydrocarbon chain part. Compound 7 bearing a biphenyl moiety was identified to exhibit more potent antiproliferative activity and preferentially target cancer cells over normal cells and thus represents a new lead for further optimization.
- Published
- 2011
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132. Bioactive C15 acetogenins from the red alga Laurencia obtusa.
- Author
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Ayyad SE, Al-Footy KO, Alarif WM, Sobahi TR, Bassaif SA, Makki MS, Asiri AM, Al Halwani AY, Badria AF, and Badria FA
- Subjects
- Acetogenins chemistry, Acetogenins isolation & purification, DNA Fragmentation, Drug Discovery, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical, Ethers, Cyclic chemistry, Ethers, Cyclic isolation & purification, Humans, Inflammation Mediators analysis, Inflammation Mediators isolation & purification, Inhibitory Concentration 50, Molecular Structure, Plant Extracts analysis, Plant Extracts isolation & purification, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Time Factors, Acetogenins pharmacology, Apoptosis drug effects, Inflammation Mediators chemistry, Inflammation Mediators pharmacology, Laurencia, Neutrophils drug effects, Phytotherapy, Plant Extracts chemistry
- Abstract
The petroleum ether extract of the red alga Laurencia obtusa afforded three new C(15) acetogenins (cyclic ether enyne): (12Z)-cis-maneonene-D (1), (12E)-cis-maneonene-E (2), and (12Z)-trans-maneonene-C (3), along with one known cis-maneonene-A (4). Blood neutrophils were prepared, cultured, and incubated for 24, 48, and 72 h in medium with and without isolated compounds. Blood neutrophils were prepared, cultured, and incubated for 24, 48 and 72 h in medium with and without the isolated compounds. Both morphology and DNA fragmentation methods assessed the percentage of neutrophils apoptosis in each culture. In the present study, several observations have been made concerning the apoptosis-inducing or inhibiting effect of 1 and 2. Both compounds had no inhibition of apoptosis but apoptosis was enhanced significantly by aging. However, 1 stimulated apoptosis of normal only at the initial 24 h. After that there was no significant difference in apoptosis with or without compound 1, while 2 stimulated apoptosis at all the times. The apoptosis induced by these two compounds was demonstrated by DNA fragmentation assay and microscopic observation. These observations suggest that compounds 1 and 2 may be involved in regulation of programmed death in the initiation and propagation of inflammatory responses.
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- 2011
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133. Structural study of acetogenins by tandem mass spectrometry under high and low collision energy.
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Allegrand J, Touboul D, Schmitz-Afonso I, Guérineau V, Giuliani A, Le Ven J, Champy P, and Laprévote O
- Subjects
- Ions chemistry, Lithium chemistry, Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization methods, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization methods, Acetogenins chemistry, Tandem Mass Spectrometry methods
- Abstract
Collision-induced dissociation experiments of seven annonaceous acetogenins were carried out under high and low collision energy conditions. Each compound was studied as protonated or deprotonated and lithium- or sodium- cationized molecules, using ElectroSpray Ionisation (ESI) with a hybrid linear trap/orbitrap mass spectrometer (LTQ-Orbitrap®). The same ion species were studied with a Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionisation (MALDI) tandem mass spectrometer in a high collision energy regime (1 or 2 keV). Although each of the techniques showed some limitations in the detection of functional groups, unambiguous structural identification of the acetogenins was obtained. MALDI ToF-ToF has the advantage over ESI-based methods to provide mass spectra rich in informative fragments which allows the confirmation of some functional groups position. By contrast, ESI-LTQ-Orbitrap® analysis has the advantage over MALDI that the mass spectra are relatively simple with only fragments close to the functional groups. However, this technique needs to carry out experiments both in negative and positive ionization modes. Copyri, (Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)
- Published
- 2010
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134. Mitregenin, a new Annonaceous acetogenin from Mitrephora maingayi.
- Author
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Zhang Q, Di YT, He HP, Li SL, and Hao XJ
- Subjects
- Carboxylic Acids chemistry, Molecular Structure, Polymers chemistry, Polyynes chemistry, Acetogenins chemistry, Annonaceae chemistry
- Abstract
From Mitrephora maingayi, a new C21-type Annonaceous acetogenin (1) has been isolated, along with a biogenetically related known compound, oropheic acid (2). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. The insecticidal activity of 1 was also assessed.
- Published
- 2010
135. Historic perspectives on Annonaceous acetogenins from the chemical bench to preclinical trials.
- Author
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Liaw CC, Wu TY, Chang FR, and Wu YC
- Subjects
- Acetogenins history, Animals, History, 20th Century, Humans, Molecular Structure, Plant Extracts history, Acetogenins chemistry, Acetogenins pharmacology, Annonaceae chemistry, Phytotherapy history, Plant Extracts chemistry, Plant Extracts pharmacology
- Abstract
Studies on the Annonaceous acetogenins began after the first cytotoxic acetogenin, uvaricin, was isolated in 1982. This attractive finding made many medicinal and natural product chemists direct their efforts on the isolation and identification of these classes of compounds. As more Annonaceous acetogenins were isolated, more information about them was uncovered. From their structural identification to the total synthesis of natural product analogues and from cell-based screening and molecular-based targeting to animal testing, the mechanisms of action of the Annonaceous acetogenins became clearer. The purpose of this review is to give an account of recent studies on this class of compounds and their analogues, which will aid us not only in clarifying how the Annonaceous acetogenins act but also in establishing principles for the further development of this class of compounds., (© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart-New York.)
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- 2010
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136. Asymmetric synthesis of bis-tetrahydrofuran cores in annonaceous acetogenins.
- Author
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Chen CH, Kuan TC, Lu KJ, and Hou DR
- Subjects
- Cross-Linking Reagents chemistry, Molecular Structure, Stereoisomerism, Acetogenins chemistry, Furans chemical synthesis
- Abstract
The bis-THF cores of annonaceous acetogenins were synthesized using (3R,4R)-1,5-hexadiene-3,4-diol (1) as the sole source of carbon atoms. The methylene acetal function was applied as a new linker/tether to facilitate the ring-closing metathesis.
- Published
- 2010
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137. Exploring the binding site of delta(lac)-acetogenin in bovine heart mitochondrial NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase.
- Author
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Kakutani N, Murai M, Sakiyama N, and Miyoshi H
- Subjects
- Acetogenins chemistry, Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Binding Sites, Binding, Competitive, Cattle, Diazomethane chemistry, Diazomethane metabolism, Electron Transport Complex I antagonists & inhibitors, Electron Transport Complex I chemistry, Furans chemistry, Furans metabolism, Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions, Iodine Radioisotopes metabolism, Membrane Proteins chemistry, Membrane Proteins metabolism, Mitochondria, Heart enzymology, Molecular Sequence Data, NADH Dehydrogenase antagonists & inhibitors, NADH Dehydrogenase chemistry, NADH Dehydrogenase metabolism, Photoaffinity Labels metabolism, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Submitochondrial Particles enzymology, Submitochondrial Particles metabolism, Acetogenins metabolism, Electron Transport Complex I metabolism, Mitochondria, Heart metabolism
- Abstract
Biochemical characterization of the inhibition mechanism of Deltalac-acetogenins synthesized in our laboratory indicated that they are a new type of inhibitor of bovine heart mitochondrial NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) [Murai, M., et al. (2006) Biochemistry 45, 9778-9787]. To identify the binding site of Deltalac-acetogenins with a photoaffinity labeling technique, we synthesized a photoreactive Deltalac-acetogenin ([(125)I]diazinylated Deltalac-acetogenin, [(125)I]DAA) which has a small photoreactive diazirine group attached to a pharmacophore, the bis-THF ring moiety. Characterization of the inhibitory effects of DAA on bovine complex I revealed unique features specific to, though not completely the same as those of, the original Deltalac-acetogenin. Using [(125)I]DAA, we carried out photoaffinity labeling with bovine heart submitochondrial particles. Analysis of the photo-cross-linked protein by Western blotting and immunoprecipitation revealed that [(125)I]DAA binds to the membrane subunit ND1 with high specificity. The photo-cross-linking to the ND1 subunit was suppressed by an exogenous short-chain ubiquinone (Q(2)) in a concentration-dependent manner. Careful examination of the fragmentation patterns of the cross-linked ND1 generated by limited proteolysis using lysylendopeptidase, endoprotease Asp-N, or trypsin and their changes in the presence of the original Deltalac-acetogenin strongly suggested that the cross-linked residues are located at two different sites in the third matrix-side loop connecting the fifth and sixth transmembrane helices.
- Published
- 2010
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138. The alternative medicine pawpaw and its acetogenin constituents suppress tumor angiogenesis via the HIF-1/VEGF pathway.
- Author
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Coothankandaswamy V, Liu Y, Mao SC, Morgan JB, Mahdi F, Jekabsons MB, Nagle DG, and Zhou YD
- Subjects
- Acetogenins chemistry, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic chemistry, Complementary Therapies, Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor, Glucose Transporter Type 1 analysis, Glucose Transporter Type 1 genetics, Humans, Inhibitory Concentration 50, Molecular Structure, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors analysis, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors genetics, Acetogenins isolation & purification, Acetogenins pharmacology, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic isolation & purification, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic pharmacology, Asimina chemistry, Glucose Transporter Type 1 drug effects, Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 drug effects, Neovascularization, Physiologic drug effects, Plants, Medicinal chemistry, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors drug effects
- Abstract
Products that contain twig extracts of pawpaw (Asimina triloba) are widely consumed anticancer alternative medicines. Pawpaw crude extract (CE) and purified acetogenins inhibited hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1)-mediated hypoxic signaling pathways in tumor cells. In T47D cells, pawpaw CE and the acetogenins 10-hydroxyglaucanetin (1), annonacin (2), and annonacin A (3) inhibited hypoxia-induced HIF-1 activation with IC(50) values of 0.02 microg/mL, 12 nM, 13 nM, and 31 nM, respectively. This inhibition correlates with the suppression of the hypoxic induction of HIF-1 target genes VEGF and GLUT-1. The induction of secreted VEGF protein represents a key event in hypoxia-induced tumor angiogenesis. Both the extract and the purified acetogenins blocked the angiogenesis-stimulating activity of hypoxic T47D cells in vitro. Pawpaw extract and acetogenins inhibited HIF-1 activation by blocking the hypoxic induction of nuclear HIF-1alpha protein. The inhibition of HIF-1 activation was associated with the suppression of mitochondrial respiration at complex I. Thus, the inhibition of HIF-1 activation and hypoxic tumor angiogenesis constitutes a novel mechanism of action for these anticancer alternative medicines.
- Published
- 2010
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139. Acetogenin and prenylated flavonoids from Helminthostachys zeylanica with inhibitory activity on superoxide generation and elastase release by neutrophils.
- Author
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Huang YC, Hwang TL, Yang YL, Wu SH, Hsu MH, Wang JP, Chen SC, Huang LJ, and Liaw CC
- Subjects
- Acetogenins isolation & purification, Acetogenins toxicity, Adolescent, Adult, Anti-Inflammatory Agents chemistry, Anti-Inflammatory Agents isolation & purification, Anti-Inflammatory Agents toxicity, Cell Line, Tumor, Flavonoids isolation & purification, Flavonoids toxicity, Humans, Neutrophils enzymology, Pancreatic Elastase antagonists & inhibitors, Plant Extracts chemistry, Plant Extracts isolation & purification, Plant Extracts toxicity, Prenylation, Rhizome chemistry, Superoxides antagonists & inhibitors, Young Adult, Acetogenins chemistry, Ferns chemistry, Flavonoids chemistry, Neutrophils drug effects, Pancreatic Elastase metabolism, Superoxides metabolism
- Abstract
One new acetogenin, 6-hydroxy-8-pentadecyloxocane-2,7-dione ( 1), and four new prenylated flavonoids, 4''a,5'',6'',7'',8'',8''a-hexahydro-5,3',4'-trihydroxy-5'',5'',8''a-trimethyl-4 H-chromeno[2'',3'':7,6]flavone ( 2), 4''a,5'',6'',7'',8'',8''a-hexahydro-5,3',4',-trihydroxy-5'',5'',8''a-trimethyl-4 H-chromeno[2'',3'':7,8]flavone ( 3), 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-((2,2-dimethyl-6-methylenecyclohexyl)methyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-chroman-4-one ( 4), and 2-(3,4-dihydroxy-2-[(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-enyl)methyl]phenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-4 H-chromen-4-one ( 5), together with six known compounds, were isolated and purified from the rhizomes of Helminthostachys zeylanica by column chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) via bioactivity-guided fractionation isolation. The structures of the new isolates were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Compounds 1, 3, and 5 showed inhibitory activities on either superoxide anion generation or elastase release by human neutrophils in response to formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine/cytochalasin B (FMLP/CB)., ((c) Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart . New York.)
- Published
- 2010
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140. Insecticidal, mutagenic and genotoxic evaluation of annonaceous acetogenins.
- Author
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Alvarez Colom O, Salvatore A, Willink E, Ordóñez R, Isla MI, Neske A, and Bardón A
- Subjects
- Allium drug effects, Allium genetics, Allium growth & development, Animals, Behavior, Animal, Female, Insecticides chemistry, Lactones toxicity, Male, Mutagens chemistry, Oviposition drug effects, Plant Roots drug effects, Plant Roots growth & development, Salmonella typhimurium drug effects, Salmonella typhimurium genetics, Acetogenins chemistry, Acetogenins toxicity, Annonaceae chemistry, Ceratitis capitata physiology, Insecticides toxicity, Mutagens toxicity
- Abstract
Annonaceous acetogenins represent a class of bioactive compounds whose primary mode of action is the inhibition of NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (Mitochondrial Complex I). Given the potential pesticidal use of these compounds, we evaluated the effects of seven acetogenins: squamocin (1), molvizarin (2), itrabin (3), almuñequin (4), cherimolin-1 (5), cherimolin-2 (6), and tucumanin (7) isolated from Annona cherimolia Mill. against Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (Tephritidae). These acetogenins did not display insecticidal action at 250 microg of treatment per g of adult diet. However, the oviposition capacity of C. capitata females was significantly altered by some of the acetogenins at this concentration. The most potent compounds were itrabin, molvizarin and squamocin. Moreover, significant differences were detected in the preference of oviposition sites when itrabin and squamocin were spread on the surface of artificial fruits at doses of 30 microg/cm2. Additionally, we investigated the mutagenic effects displayed by itrabin, as well as the phytotoxic and genotoxic action of squamocin and itrabin. Both compounds displayed slight phytotoxic and genotoxic effects on roots of Allium cepa at 2.5 microg/mL though no mutagenic effects were detected at 0.25, 0.5 and 2.5 microg/mL on Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100.
- Published
- 2010
141. Total synthesis of annonaceous acetogenins belonging to the non-adjacent bis-THF and non-adjacent THF-THP sub-classes.
- Author
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Spurr IB and Brown RC
- Subjects
- Acetogenins chemistry, Furans chemistry, Lactones chemical synthesis, Lactones chemistry, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Pyrans chemistry, Acetogenins chemical synthesis, Acetogenins classification, Furans chemical synthesis, Pyrans chemical synthesis
- Abstract
The synthesis of the subgroups of acetogenins containing non-adjacent bis-THF and non-adjacent THF-THP core units is reviewed. Specifically, total syntheses of gigantecin, 4-deoxygigantecin, cis-sylvaticin, squamostatin-C, squamostatin-D, sylvaticin and mucocin are discussed.
- Published
- 2010
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142. Synthesis of annonacin isolated from Annona densicoma.
- Author
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Oasa M, Hattori Y, Konno H, and Makabe H
- Subjects
- Acetogenins chemistry, Furans chemistry, Lactones chemistry, Stereoisomerism, Annona chemistry, Furans chemical synthesis, Furans isolation & purification, Lactones chemical synthesis, Lactones isolation & purification
- Abstract
A total synthesis of annonacin (1) was accomplished by using versatile chiral building block 2 for synthesizing the mono-tetrahydrofuran (THF) annonaceous acetogenins.
- Published
- 2010
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143. Apolar Annonaceous acetogenins from the fruit pulp of Annona muricata.
- Author
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Melot A, Fall D, Gleye C, and Champy P
- Subjects
- Acetogenins isolation & purification, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Molecular Structure, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization, Stereoisomerism, Acetogenins chemistry, Annona chemistry, Fruit chemistry
- Abstract
A methylene chloride extract of the pulp of Annona muricata L. was fractionated in search for scarcely functionalized Annonaceous acetogenins (type E). Previously known C-35 and C-37 mono-epoxy unsaturated compounds, epomuricenins-A and -B (1+2) and epomusenins-A and -B (3+4), were obtained. Two new mono-epoxy saturated C-35 representatives, epomurinins-A and -B (5+6) were also isolated.
- Published
- 2009
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144. Medicinal chemistry of Annonaceous acetogenins: design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel analogues.
- Author
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Kojima N and Tanaka T
- Subjects
- Acetogenins chemistry, Animals, Chemistry, Pharmaceutical, Furans chemistry, Humans, Hydrocarbons chemistry, Lactones chemistry, Acetogenins chemical synthesis, Acetogenins pharmacology, Drug Design
- Abstract
Most Annonaceous acetogenins are characterized by between one and three THF ring(s) with one or two flanking hydroxyl group(s) in the center of a C32/34 fatty acid, and the terminal carboxylic acid is combined with a 2-propanol unit to form an alpha,beta-unsaturated gamma-lactone. While many studies have addressed the properties and synthesis of natural acetogenins due to their attractive biological activities and unique structural features, a number of analogues have also been described. This review covers the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of acetogenin analogues.
- Published
- 2009
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145. Metabolites from endophytic fungus S20 of Cephalotaxus hainanensis.
- Author
-
Dai WJ, Wu J, Han Z, Mei WL, and Dai HF
- Subjects
- Acetogenins chemistry, Acetogenins pharmacology, Anti-Bacterial Agents chemistry, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, China, Fungi chemistry, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus drug effects, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Molecular Structure, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular, Plant Bark microbiology, Staphylococcus aureus drug effects, Acetogenins isolation & purification, Anti-Bacterial Agents isolation & purification, Cephalotaxus microbiology
- Abstract
Three new C-methylated acetogenins, (2E,6Z)-9,10-dihydroxy-4-hydroxymethyl-2,6-decadiene (1), (2E,6Z)-8,9,10-trihydroxy-4-hydroxymethyl-2,6-decadiene (2), and (2E,6Z)-9-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethyl-2,6-nonadiene (3), together with two known compounds, p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (4) and indolyl-3-carboxylic acid (5), were isolated from endophytic fungus S20 of Cephalotaxus hainanensis Li. Their structures were determined based on HR-ESI-MS and spectroscopic techniques (IR, UV, 1D, and 2D NMR). Compound 5 showed inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus by the filter paper disc agar diffusion method.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
146. Structure-activity relationships of diverse annonaceous acetogenins against human tumor cells.
- Author
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Yang H, Zhang N, Li X, Chen J, and Cai B
- Subjects
- Acetogenins isolation & purification, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic isolation & purification, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, HeLa Cells, Humans, Plant Extracts chemistry, Plant Extracts isolation & purification, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Stereoisomerism, Structure-Activity Relationship, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Acetogenins chemistry, Acetogenins pharmacology, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic chemistry, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic pharmacology
- Abstract
Twelve annonaceous acetogenins (ACGs) with different stereochemical structures and configuration were selected to test for their inhibitions on the growth of Hela, SMMC-7541, SGC-7901, MCF-7 and A-5408 tumor cell lines using MTT method. This was the first to simultaneously investigate effects of structural factors of stereochemical structures and configuration on cytotoxicities with structure-activity relationship. The present study showed that cytotoxic selectivities of ACGs with threo/trans/threo/trans/erythro stereochemical arrangement were gently more active than those with threo/trans/threo/trans/threo stereochemical arrangement, and ACGs with cis THF ring partly produced notable cytotoxic selectivities. Furthermore, ACGs with S configuration at C-24 exhibited gently more cytotoxic selectivities potency than those with R configuration at C-24.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
147. New nonadjacent bis-THF ring acetogenins from the seeds of Annona squamosa.
- Author
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Yang H, Zhang N, Li X, He L, and Chen J
- Subjects
- Acetogenins chemistry, Acetogenins pharmacology, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic chemistry, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic pharmacology, Humans, Molecular Structure, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Plant Extracts therapeutic use, Seeds, Acetogenins isolation & purification, Annona chemistry, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic isolation & purification, Neoplasms drug therapy, Plant Extracts chemistry
- Abstract
Two new annonaceous acetogenins named as squamostanin-C and squamostanin-D were isolated from 95% EtOH extract of the seeds of Annona squamosa. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic method, and their cytotoxicities were evaluated by using MTT method.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
148. Synthesis and characterization of Deltalac-acetogenins that potently inhibit mitochondrial complex I.
- Author
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Chapuis JC, Khdour O, Cai X, Lu J, and Hecht SM
- Subjects
- Acetogenins chemistry, Animals, Cattle, Enzyme Inhibitors chemistry, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Mitochondria, Heart enzymology, Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization, Acetogenins chemical synthesis, Acetogenins pharmacology, Electron Transport Complex I antagonists & inhibitors, Enzyme Inhibitors chemical synthesis, Enzyme Inhibitors pharmacology
- Abstract
Four Deltalac-acetogenins have been prepared and characterized as inhibitors of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, to define the effects of unsaturation within the alkyl substituents. In keeping with earlier reports, the presence of acetylenic functionalities within the alkyl substituents slightly diminished their potency of inhibition of NADH oxidase activity, which measures the overall transfer of electrons from NADH to oxygen through mitochondrial complexes I, III, and IV. In contrast, both of the acetylenic Deltalac-acetogenins were far more active in a NADH-ubiquinone Q(1) oxidoreductase assay that measures complex I function per se.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
149. Tetrahydrofuran acetogenins from Laurencia glandulifera.
- Author
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Kladi M, Vagias C, Papazafiri P, Brogi S, Tafi A, and Roussis V
- Subjects
- Acetogenins chemistry, Acetogenins pharmacology, Alkynes chemistry, Alkynes pharmacology, Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor, Furans chemistry, Furans pharmacology, Greece, HT29 Cells, HeLa Cells, Humans, Molecular Structure, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular, Acetogenins isolation & purification, Alkynes isolation & purification, Furans isolation & purification, Laurencia chemistry
- Abstract
Five new C(15) acetogenin en-ynes (1-5) with a rare tetrahydrofuran moiety and a linear biosynthetic precursor (6) were isolated from an organic extract of Laurencia glandulifera, collected from the island of Crete in the south Aegean Sea. The structures of the new natural products, as well as their relative configuration, were established by means of spectroscopic data analysis. The cytotoxicity of the isolated natural products was evaluated against five human tumor cell lines.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
150. Two new cytotoxic acetogenins from Annona squamosa.
- Author
-
Yang HJ, Li X, Zhang N, Chen JW, and Wang MY
- Subjects
- Acetogenins chemistry, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic chemistry, Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor, Drugs, Chinese Herbal chemistry, Molecular Structure, Seeds chemistry, Stereoisomerism, Acetogenins isolation & purification, Acetogenins pharmacology, Annona chemistry, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic isolation & purification, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic pharmacology, Drugs, Chinese Herbal isolation & purification, Drugs, Chinese Herbal pharmacology
- Abstract
Two new annonaceous acetogenins named as squamostanin-A and squamostanin-B were isolated from 95% EtOH extract of the seeds of Annona squamosa. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic method, and their cytotoxicities were evaluated using MTT method.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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