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O presente texto discute as faces e propósitos da inclusão social à universidade e um eixo mais ampliado centrado na necessidade do povo: a não-exclusão. Enquanto o primeiro termo estabelece limites para qualificar e justificar percentualmente qual o cidadão que poderá ser contemplado para ingressar na educação superior pública ou pelo poder público financiado; o segundo não admite que ninguém fique de fora. Trata-se de um estudo que compôs o meu pós-doutoramento, utilizando-se como metodologia a revisão de literatura especializada e reflexões sobre o objeto; portanto, parte-se de uma pesquisa exploratória aprofundada que pretende ampliar a discussão sobre o direito à educação sem segregacionismos em direção à possibilidade de construção de políticas públicas que ratifiquem a unidade na diversidade do povo brasileiro.

Background Stepping into the role of an unpaid caregiver to offer help is often considered a natural expectation of family members or friends. In Canada, such contributions are substantial in terms of healthcare provision but this comes at a considerable cost to the caregivers in both health and economic terms. Methods In this study, we conducted a secondary analysis of a collection of qualitative interviews with 39 caregivers of people with chronic physical illness to assess how they described their particular roles in caring for a loved one. We used a model of caregiving roles, originally proposed by Twigg in 1989, as a guide for our analysis, which specified three predominant roles for caregivers – as a resource, as a co-worker, and as a co-client. Results The caregivers in this collection spoke about their roles in ways that aligned well with these roles, but they also described tasks and activities that fit best with a fourth role of ‘care-coordinator’, which required that they assume an oversight role in coordinating care across institutions, care providers and often advocate for care in line with their expectations. For each of these types of roles, we have highlighted the limitations and challenges they described in their interviews. Conclusions We argue that a deeper understanding of the different roles that caregivers assume, as well as their challenges, can contribute to the design and implementation of policies and services that would support their contributions and choices as integral members of the care team. We provide some examples of system-level policies and programs from different jurisdictions developed in recognition of the need to sustain caregivers in their role and respond to such limitations.

Obserwując zachowania młodzieży szkolnej, chciałoby się zadać pytanie, dlaczego zjawisko przemocy jest tak powszechne i z jakiego powodu tak trudno jest je wyeliminować? Niektórzy badacze problemu twierdzą, że taka strategia jest korzystna ewolucyjnie. Osobniki nie giną w walce, nie toczą bojów, tylko są „pokojowo” eliminowane ze stada, natomiast osobnik alfa ustala zasady. Hierarchia jest jasna, wszyscy wiedzą, kogo słuchać, nie budzą się niepotrzebne emocje, oszczędzana jest energia stada. W szkole mamy do czynienia z agresywnymi zachowaniami nakierowanymi na osoby słabsze fizycznie i emocjonalnie. Z jakiego powodu tak się dzieje? Otóż w strukturach zhierarchizowanych, a taką jest szkoła, na stosunkowo niewielkiej przestrzeni przebywa dużo uczniów. Można zauważyć wyłanianie się typów silniejszych, bardziej agresywnych, dominujących. Mówimy o nich jako o typie alfa (prześladowca). Te same struktury wyznaczają również osobnika omega (ofiarę). Taki podział z góry naznacza, kto jest prześladowcą, a kto prześladowanym. Z sytuacjami takimi mamy do czynienia zarówno w szkole, w pracy, w więziennictwie i w wojsku. Obserwujemy podobne sytuacje w naszym środowisku. W nowej klasie dość szybko zarysowuje się podział na grupy: tych lepiej/gorzej ubranych, sytuowanych i całą resztę. Gdzieś na samym dole tej hierarchii odnajdziemy pojedyncze osoby, z którymi jakoś nikt nie spieszy się do rozmowy, które często siedzą w ławce same, są pomijane w wyborach szkolnych, do różnych grup zadaniowych. Bywa i tak, że osoba taka jest poszturchiwana, przezywana, wyśmiewana podczas odpowiedzi, niezależnie od tego, co powie. Oczywiście nie od razu jest to zauważalne, gdyż sprawa narasta stopniowo. Ofiary często nie skarżą się, tylko próbują sobie same poradzić. Niekiedy kończy się to dla nich tragicznie. Panaceum na takie sytuacje szkolne powinna być odpowiednia profilaktyka zakładająca przeciwdziałanie przemocy w szkole oraz pomoc ofiarom i prześladowcom.

La historia urbanística que ha dado paso al denominado como “Madrid, Nuevo Norte” comienza a finales del siglo pasado, cuando se estudia programar para la estación de Chamartín y sus alrededores, una remodelación exhaustiva. Finalmente, este planteamiento, no consiguió que tuviera el suficiente reconocimiento institucional para que se llevara a cabo un plan urbanístico que resolviera la situación en la que se encontraba unos terrenos, y en unos suelos que comprendían la conocida como “Área de Planeamiento Específico (APE 08.03), Prolongación de la Castellana” (hoy “Madrid, Nuevo Norte”). A lo largo del presente estudio nos aproximamos, tal y como podemos comprobar en las variables integrantes de la Metodología desarrollada, los espacios residuales que forman parte de los Lost spaces, que predominan en este espacio geográfico. Punto de partida de ulteriores investigaciones en las que la referencia deben ser las actividades turísticas que se generarán en la que podríamos denominar etapa posterior a la “Covid-19”. The urban history that has given way to the so-called “Madrid, New North” begins at the end of the last century when around the nineties, a comprehensive remodeling that completely transforms its appearance is being studied for the Madrid Chamartín station and its surroundings. Finally, this approach did not achieve, for various reasons, that it had sufficient institutional recognition for an urban plan to be carried out to resolve the situation in which there was some land that occupied about three million square meters, and on soils that comprised the so-called “Specific Planning Area (APE 08.03), Castellana Extension”; and whose operation to be more exact would be commonly known as “Operation Chamartín”; which later would be renamed with the name that currently remains of “Madrid, Nuevo Norte”. Throughout this study we approach As we can see in the variables that make up the Methodology developed and applied, the residual spaces that are part of the Lost spaces (formless and useless anti spaces) predominate in this geographic space. It is a no-man's-land along the edges of the highways, whose conservation nobody cares about, and which nobody uses. Starting point for further research in which the reference should be the tourist activities that will be generated in what we could call the post-Covid-19 stage.

Social work educators prepare students to respond to crises across system levels. A global pandemic or large-scale disasters, however, present challenges educators are ill prepared for. This study ...

The source of expertise is a teacher. A teacher plays an important role in the production and growth of nations. Nobody has ever denied the importance of a teacher in the evolution of humanity and science. A teacher has been at the forefront of the educational system since the beginning. A teacher is respected for his contributions to the growth of the next generation, society's well-being, the development of humanity's spirit, and individual training. Every moment, the teacher becomes absorbed in instructing his students as a gardener intends to his plants. Teaching is a profession that has a prominent place not only in Islam but in every religion and society in the world. However, it is a universal truth that world knowledge has never exposed the true importance and status of a teacher in the same way that Islam has made people aware of the teacher's high status. The teacher is regarded with great honor and reverence in Islam. The glory of the Holy Prophet as a teacher is represented in the Qur'an by Allah, the Exalted. "I have been sent as a teacher," the Holy Prophet said. In Islam, the teacher holds a very high and important role. Since he is a teacher and mentor, Islam has given the teacher the title of a spiritual father. This study aims to clarify the role of a teacher in the light of Seerah and to explore how a teacher plays an important role in the creation of a person's personality. For this reason, an empirical analysis of the current situation and as well as the viewpoints of students of the University of Sufism and Modern Sciences, Bhitshah, Matiari were examined. The questionnaire method was used to gather data in the form of student opinions. Ten questions were produced, and 120 questionnaires were distributed among 120 students to learn about their thoughts on the subject. 80 responses were received from selected students. The collected data was analyzed in the form of a statistical result; the conclusion of the analyzed data was presented in various diagrams. That is proven that today’s teacher is sincere with his profession and he is fulfilling all the responsibilities of a good teacher. Majority of students said that they are satisfied from the behavior and teachings of today’s teacher. So that is why the designed hypotheses of this research was proven wrong by the analyzing of collected data. This research work can be significance work for readers and scholars due to its specific field.

The tradition of violence during collective bargaining processes in South Africa (particularly during a strike) can be traced back to the colonial period, where the struggle for better employment terms and conditions was conflated with the struggle for freedom from political oppression, apartheid and the colonial regime. An example in this regard is the Sharpeville uprising. In this case, the State’s reaction to the uprising was to call upon the armed forces to quell the situation, and in the process, lives and limbs were lost; nobody was held accountable for this. This was surely a bad legacy to leave for modern times! However, fifty-two years later, South Africa experienced a déja vu moment in the form of the Marikana massacre, which was also chillingly reminiscent of the massacre by apartheid police at Sharpeville in 1960. The writing of this article is informed by the need to avoid another Marikana massacre. The authors bemoan the manner in which this tragic event was handled and argue that, with the right attitude and the right application of resources, the massacre could have been avoided. The authors also lament the approach employed in dealing with the aftermath of the Marikana massacre and conclude that the status quo gives credence to the saying that “an apple does not fall far from the tree”. The prosecution of the perpetrators is delayed, no compensation is given to bereft families, and it remains to be seen who was at fault, even after a “good-for-nothing” yet costly Commission of Inquiry has completed its task.

This article analyses the teahouse client’s frustrated love stories and feelings of being a ‘nobody’ through the portrayal of the clown in Taiwan of the 1980s, the heyday of such portrayal in films...

Prior work on transgender technology users in CSCW has primarily focused on how they interact with algorithms and communication technology, empirically identifying specific use cases and profiles, and speaking largely to the designers and developers of these platforms. This work has emphasized how trans people are excluded, harmed, and misrepresented in existing platforms, algorithms, and research methods. While these critiques are important, this paper explores what trans-inclusive quantitative methods could be by applying a participant- or user-driven approach. While the problem of trans-inclusive, -affirming, or -empowering research methods is not specifically a CSCW problem---as we directly confront by comparing and contrasting the perspectives of CSCW and conventional demography---we argue that a CSCW lens may be uniquely suited to addressing it. To this end, this paper makes several contributions: conceptually, we identify points of increasing convergence between conventional demographic research methods (and criticisms thereof) and CSCW, focusing on shared limitations surrounding how identity is handled in research; methodologically, we present a sketch of how these limitations might be addressed by using social network analysis to "triangulate" social identities while considering them relative and situated; empirically, we implement these methods in a case study of gender within the broader social context of Reddit and discuss the results.

Compulsory civil liability insurance on car accidents is one of the most important topics, which aims to achieve traffic safety and reduce car accidents. Today, car accidents constitute a great danger to human life as they cause different types of physical and moral damages. This study, however, attempts to highlight the effectiveness of compulsory insurance in providing legal protection for damages resulting from car accidents. Such protection can be achieved through the process of creating legal mechanism to enable injured people to refer to insurance companies. It is quite apparent that nobody can deny the importance of insurance and its influence on people’s lives. Insurance companies nowadays have become an essential cornerstone in the economy of any country. An insurance contract has legal consequences on the parties, which leads to corresponding obligations. These parties are committed to comply with these obligations otherwise, any violation will be treated as per the prescribed legal sanctions. In conclusion, any research or study on the compulsory insurance system whether in the Emirati law or in Islamic Sharia is highly recommended as part of the attempts to solve and rectify any legal and legitimate problems in this system. An essential objective of the Islamic Sharia is to achieve all fair interests of people. Arab and international legislation consider car insurance compulsory with some exceptions in order to compensate all those affected by a car accident. Arab and other foreign laws as well as the legitimate ones have differed in their choices of car insurance basis. Many legislations in the field of compulsory insurance have limited the right of compensation to body damage. Some other legislations have covered damages of property. Most legislations have not specified the amount of compensation that the insurer is obliged to pay in case of injury, death, or property damages. companies.

In 2020, we were introduced to a new reality. Nobody could have predicted the scale of the global Covid-19 pandemic, with all the changes it entailed and the upheavals to not only the way we work, but the way in which we interact with each other. The pandemic has highlighted some key learning points about how to function as a team, not just in an increasingly virtual world, but in an ever-changing work environment. A year on from when the pandemic first hit, let's look at how we can apply these to our future ways of working, focusing on the aspects of the past year that have been good, bad and ugly.

The COVID-19 outbreak does not only have an impact on human health, but it also impacts other aspects of human life, including the education sector (Huang et al., 2020). In many countries, health authorities' recommendation forced the education sector to find an alternative to face-to-face delivery methods. The e-learning implementation during the COVID-19 outbreak is crucial. Because of how long the COVID-19 outbreak will last, nobody can confirm that the learning process should be undisrupted in the case of disruption.

Nigeria suffers conflicts whose causes are pinned on ethnic consciousness and factors other than culture. As such, culture is considered as an epiphenomenon. But at the base of Nigerian conflicts is culture which shapes and stirs ethnic consciousness, and remains a divisive factor in human societies. Thus, Nigeria is socio-politically polarized along cultural lines and conflicting cultural contents despite the present world of traversing cultural boundaries. This paper analytically exposes culture as the socio-political base of ethnic consciousness and conflicts in Nigeria, and reveals the philosophical foundation of cultural character as well as axiological panacea to conflicts in Nigeria. The paper finds that in every socio-political setting, ethnic consciousness does not happen in a vacuum, and nobody speaks and acts from nowhere but from a cultural orientation; for culture is the matrix of human existence and nothing happens outside it. As such, ethnic consciousness and human socio-political exercises; behaviours, dispositions and actions are shaped, posited, viewed and interpreted from cultural spaces. But to bridle the negative impact of culture and enhance national unity, consciousness and patriotism of the citizenry, the study concludes that there is need for a national culture that is replete with indigenous values and overlapping similarities to form the content of curriculum in Nigerian education system.

Research has demonstrated how ignorance is made, manipulated and called upon; how it is the result of strategies, activities and structures. This article extends the literature on ignorance by exploring actors’ own explanations of their self-inflicted ignorance following acts of ignoring. By means of a case analysis, we explore how actors explain and justify ignoring data they themselves produced. We provide a multifaceted model of how ignoring actors’ own rationales, facilitated by contextual conditions, enables persistent acts of ignoring the content and dysfunction of collectively upheld systems. We contribute to the understanding of ignorance by demonstrating how self-inflicted ignorance is made possible by the combination of ignoring rationales and their facilitators, which configures buffers against knowledge-seeking efforts.

Beautiful words have special meanings and involve expressing ideas in song lyrics through figurative language. This study discussed an analysis of the figurative language in the Maroon 5 song’s lyrics. This study emphasizes the use of figurative language and meaning in the lyrics of the song "Nobody's Love" by Maroon 5. Furthermore, the data source was taken from the lyrics of the Maroon 5 song lyrics. This research employed the descriptive qualitative model. In the analysis, the procedure began by reading the lyrics. Second, the researchers sought to identify words, phrases, and phrases that involved figurative language and catch each figurative language's context. Thirdly, the researchers took some notes about figurative language. Finally, the researchers classified and re-checked the details and analyzed them. The next step was the discussion of each category's results. The last step was drawing conclusions based on the report. The data showed five types of figurative language found in the lyrics of this song: Personification 20%, Hyperbole 30%, Irony 20%, Simile 20%, and Repetition 20%.

Nobody could be in a better position than Paul Henley to analyze the work of a filmmaker and an anthropologist like Jean Rouch, the pioneer and most prolific director of ethnographic films of all t...

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought many changes in everyone’s life. Villages and rural areas are among the places where people have sought refuge in order to stay away from others and to be able to comply with government regulations during an emergency. Crisis conditions require the choice of means of communication, remote employment and self-help and self-support. Smart and strong communities or villages – this means more than only technologically and economically advanced communities – can be more successful in overcoming the crisis. This study analyses the characteristics of smart communities, the external factors influencing the functioning of these communities, as well as the specific circumstances caused by the first wave period of the Covid-19 pandemic (from March 2020 till June 2020). Collecting basic information on smart communities, external factors and special circumstances, and using the methods of analysis, comparison and drawing conclusions, the most important factors that have positively affected communities in the pandemic conditions have been taken into account within the framework of this study, clearly indicating the sustainability and development advantages of smart communities in Latvia. Nobody knows what will be “new normal” after COVID-19, but some benefits of smart thinking are noticed

Problem setting. The problem is that modern society focuses on politics of multiculturalism and tolerance. The main reason of this tendency is globalization process that grows rapidly because of Internet development. In this situation, we consider that Institute of Culture changed the most. Nowadays, such phenomena as gender and fashion affect our global society more than it was at the past century. Recent research and publications analysis. Separately from gender, phenomenon of fashion have been considered from the 20th century to the present in the works of T. Veblen, G. Simmel, P. Blumer, P. Burdeau, R. Bart, J. Baudrillard. As well as phenomenon of gender considered separately from fashion in the works of E. Durkheim, T. Parsons, K. Bales, R. Connell and I. Goffman. As we can see, nobody from aforementioned didn’t connect fashion and gender in their works, ignoring obvious interconnection of these phenomena. Paper objective. The objective of the article is to identify the interconnection between mechanisms of fashion functioning and gender’s dimension of society that forms gender’s priorities of modern fashion. Paper main body. The classic paradigm of fashion as a socio-cultural phenomenon created by T. Veblen and G. Simmel doesn’t match modern challenges in society. Because of active development of mechanisms such as mass-market and digital technologies we can’t say that modern fashion is only for rich people. That’s why the most appealing concept to us is M. G. Pakhomova’s sight of fashion like “the mirror of epoch that shows us current mood dominating in society, socio-political situation and the level of production’s development”. Considering gender, in this article we focus on the concept of social construction of gender as a certain system of interpersonal actions that create understanding of “masculine” and “feminine” as a social order’s basic categories. Analyzing modern theories of fashion created by H. Blumer, R. Bart, P. Bourdieu and J. Baudrillard we came to idea that gender is an integral part of any fashion tendency. Nowadays, every tendency in fashion forms across mechanism of collective selection that include many social groups. One of these groups will become a referent for an individual. That’s why we should consider that this kind of social group has certain standards broadcasting specific norms and patterns of behavior that unite actors among themselves. Conclusions of the research. Thus, summarizing, we should note that fashion and gender in modern society are interdependent phenomena. Also, fashion includes the tendency for social subjects to demonstrate gender characteristics to some extent, deliberately emphasizing them and giving them the opportunity to realize their identity to the fullest, as they wish. Modern fashion is designed to provide an individual with a variety of choices, aesthetic pleasure, non-standard stylistic solutions, which provokes the individual to actively search for his place in this world and a unique way of socialization. In many ways, all of the above elements add up to a single gender system, which gives us full grounds to synthesize two areas of sociological thought: gender studies and the sociology of fashion.

The Izmir fire of 1922, as well as the subsequent re-building of the area of the fire according to a new master plan, have been studied quite extensively. But so far, nobody has looked into the pol...

A large number of Greek funerary inscriptions from Asia Minor prohibit unauthorized burial by stating that, apart from those the funerary monument is intended for, “no one else” is allowed to be interred in it. The phrase is formulaic, but the internal word ordering of the constituent varies apparently at random, figuring either as ἕτeρος/ἄλλος οὐ-/μηδeίς or as οὐ- /μηδeὶς ἕτeρος/ἄλλος. A full survey of the corpus provided by the Searchable Greek Inscriptions shows that there is a consistent preference for one alternative over the other depending on the position the constituent occupies within the clause. It is shown that Greek phrasing and word order in all likelihood goes back to Lycian funerary inscriptions, where a constituent with synonymous elements (kbi tike or tike kbi) shifts its internal word order according to its relative position in the sentence

The modern high-performance sport is characterized by high sports results, which are shown by athletes at international forums (Olympic Games, World and European Championships). One of the track-and-field athletics events, that can be called unique, is hurdling. The typical characteristics of hurdling include high speed, agility, coordination ability and strength capabilities required to overcome the hurdle. The emergence and development of hurdling began in the second half of the 19th century. The first rules were published in 1864, and the height of the hurdles as well as the distance between them have remained unchanged up to this day. In 1898, in Chicago (USA), A. Kreinzlen set a record in 120 yards hurdles, using a new at that time technique of overcoming hurdles. It was this technique that formed the basis of the modern one and still remains relevant for coaches and athletes [16, p. 29–32, 12, p. 175– 184]. The technical actions of an athlete can be divided into such components as start, starting run-up and distance running. These main components are relevant for both men and women [16, p. 35–37]. The increase of performance rates in hurdling directly depends on learning to overcome obstacles and maintaining the maximum speed along a distance after overcoming, which is the main problem of studying and applying the research results in the training process. Among the main characteristics of hurdlers’ technical actions are the preparation and overcoming of a hurdle (both the first and the following ones along a distance) without losing the possible maximum speed. This means that an athlete must have a highly developed ability to quickly change the elements of technique at a high speed with the help of already developed or genetically determined agility [2, p.199-217]. The analysis of athletes’ performances at the Olympic Games, World and European Championships during 1992 – 2019 showed that nobody among the Ukrainian hurdlers won a prize at these competitions (Table 1).

Introduction Changes which happened during development of the Ukrainian society in past decades and accompanied by significant socio-political transformations, previous power structures break up rethinking and transformation of the system of social values and ideals, has determined an attention of scientists on researching the institutes which make influence on the mass consciousness. Among them key role belongs to communicative structures and mechanisms of information transfer. The area within which manipulative practices are most often used is the institution of political advertising. Its main tasks are to stimulate public attention and interests in political events, vicissitudes, formation of motivated preferences of citizens, their political and electoral activity. In order to realize such influence, various tools and methods are used, the spectrum of which is constantly expanding and improving. We will trace the most common domestic practices of political advertising.Purpose The purpose of the work is to analyze the psychological component in political advertising, taking into account Ukrainian practice.Methods: During the study, the following methods were used: analytical, on the basis of which a number of signs of political advertising were highlighted, the psychological peculiarities of its impact on mass consciousness and behavior were investigated. The authors also used a systematic method by which political advertising is considered as a complex process, the most important elements of it are identified, their interdependence and mutual predetermine are traced;OriginalityThe 2019 presidential and parliamentary campaign in Ukraine showed continuous manipulation on the topic of "new faces", besides the following manipulative technologies were also used:-political competence of new people (managerial experience is not political competence);- calls for the destruction of the old political system, in the absence of key aspects in the programs, in addition to populism (the goal is to get the support of the electorate);-party presentations are only bright wrappers, not the essence of a new product, because nobody talks about ideology or strategy of change;-"promoting bright" – concerts, shows, performances – is an attempt to emotionally bribe the electorate, not appealing to the minds of voters.These aspects point to the use of traditional outdated approaches to the conduct of the election campaign, despite the society's requests for updated techniques for running election races.Conclusion The adoption of a balanced and competent decision of the voter depends largely on proper awareness from different sources (outdoor advertising, souvenir advertising, media, internet sources, etc.) about the personalities of subjects of the political process, their election programs, the level of electoral activity, political consciousness of citizens, psychological readiness to make a politically balanced decision.Further research within this problem is advisable to direct in the direction of researching trends of manipulative influence of political advertising on the Ukrainian electorate, as well as ways of legislative restriction in the use of hidden psychological influence

This research uses a novel from two different countries, namely England and France, entitled Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens and Nobody's Boy by Hector Malot. Even though they were written in different countries and periods, both novels seem to be related to one another. This research utilizes the theory of intertextuality as a reference for understanding the relationship between the two novels. The social conflict theory from Karl Marx is also used to support the analysis. The method used is descriptive qualitative data sources from the two selected novels. Data collection techniques are based on things related to social conflict relationships in the novel, data collected in the form of words, phrases, and sentences from dialogue and narration. Then, data validation is done by selecting the most dominant data for intertextual analysis. Data analysis is then done by comparing the two texts as the relationship of hypogram and transformation. The results obtained are a link between the two novels in the form of interrelation between the structure of the story, which includes the background, characters and characterizations, and social conflict in the form of social disparity between the bourgeois and proletarian classes. The text of Nobody's Boy is a transformation from Oliver Twist, which gives a description and emphasis on social inequalities that occur even in years that differ greatly between the two so that from these results, it can be concluded that the two novels have an intertextual relationship in terms of influence.

This research eradicates the motives of innovation in the acts and deeds of Muslim Ummah. The un-islamic and unlawful additions are going to destruct the Ummah day by day. Innovation in its sense, has no more importance, but its pioneers are spreading it. All the disputes at last has roots in these innovations. Muslim ummah remained united until or unless innovations intermingled. As era went far off from the Nabwi era, the real sense of religion being vanished. As 14th century A.H. came nobody is there to prove innovations as no more part of Islam. Followers of innovation are increasing day by day and there are minority of Muslims left who want to get rid of it. Majority is serving his energy to prove that innovations are part of Islam. Secondly, they find its roots from Nabwi era which is useless. Thirdly, they wrongly proving its reward in this world and hereafter. Major objective of this research is to intimate all such acts and deeds which are wrongly now going to be the part and parcel of Shari’ah, as well as be the part of our legislation. Such kind of all deeds and actions must be condemned and discouraged for the sake of unity peace and sovereignty of the Muslim world.

THE RACE TO reach net zero carbon emissions by 2050 has begun. From China to the US, governments are heeding scientists' warnings that decisions and actions – or lack of both – taken this decade will heavily affect the chances of meeting the internationally agreed Paris Climate Change target. Yet, despite having decades to figure it out, nobody really knows what a clear pathway to net zero looks like; not all the technology is commercially developed and, as governments are all too aware, some policy changes will be politically tricky. Nevertheless, time is of the essence, and after a string of delays, UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson in November finally presented his government's opening gambit in the decarbonisation race: a £12bn-backed 10-point plan for a 'green industrial revolution'.

PurposeThe main purpose of this study is to make a comparative evaluation of the impacts of previous outbreaks and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the tourism industry. COVID-19 appears to have disrupted all memorizations about epidemics ever seen. Nobody has anticipated that the outbreak in late December will spread rapidly across the world, be fatal and turn the world economy upside down. Severe acute respiratory syndrome, Ebola, Middle East respiratory syndrome and others caused limited losses in a limited geography, thus similar behaviors were expected at first in COVID-19. But it was not so. Today, people continue to lose their lives and experience economic difficulties. One of the most important distressed industries is undoubtedly tourism.Design/methodology/approachThis study is a literature review. In this review, a comparative evaluation between the impact of previous outbreaks and COVID-19 on the tourism industry has been made based on statistics and previous research studies.FindingsThe information and figures obtained show that COVID-19 and previous outbreaks have such significant differences that cannot be compared. COVID-19 has been one of the worst to live in terms of spreading speed, the geography where it spreads, loss of lives and negative effects in the whole area.Originality/valueIt is noteworthy that COVID-19 is very severe in terms of death cases and also its impacts on the economy compared to other pandemics. It remains to be argued that COVID-19 can also be a reference in terms of possible new outbreaks in the future, and is an effective actor in determining future strategies.

The transformation of theological education in the context of Africa has motivated this research. It discusses ways an Africanised theological education could help integrate knowledge with understanding and wisdom. The article stresses the need for theology students to be given more time for practical learning. It also stresses that epistemological diversity should be adopted so that nobody’s knowledge acquisition preference is neglected. It also stresses the need for theological education to help students to be integrated into their cultural diversity. It finally stresses that students be exposed through teaching to their African predecessors for inspiration. It concludes that a meaningful Africanised theological education is possible if steps are taken to integrate the above-mentioned points it stressed into theological education in Africa.

Nadie es Perfecto (Nobody’s Perfect, or NEP) is a parenting skills workshop aimed at ‘sharing experiences and receiving guidance on everyday problems to strengthen child development’. This article explores this workshop in terms of its relationship with the daily lives of participants, based on one year of fieldwork focused on families with young children in a low-income neighbourhood in Santiago. While caregivers frame their parenting efforts as aiming to ‘hacer lo mejor posible’ (do their best) under difficult circumstances, our study found that facilitators take an anachronistic and homogenizing view of participants. Embracing a universalistic perspective of child development, they discourage participation and debate, focusing instead on providing concrete advice that limits the potential of the workshops. This article argues that by ignoring the different living situations of families in this socioeconomic context, NEP reproduces a prejudiced view of poor subjects that sees them as deficient and incapable of change.

This paper responds to the Radical Behavioral Challenge (RBC) to normative business ethics. According to RBC, recent research on bounded ethicality shows that it is psychologically impossible for people to follow the prescriptions of normative business ethics. Thus, said prescriptions run afoul of the principle that nobody has an obligation to do something that they cannot do. I show that the only explicit response to this challenge in the business ethics literature (due to Kim et al.) is flawed because it limits normative business ethics to condemning practitioners’ behavior without providing usable suggestions for how to do better. I argue that a more satisfying response is to, first, recognize that most obligations in business are wide-scope which, second, implies that there are multiple ways of fulfilling them. This provides a solid theoretical grounding for the increasingly popular view that we have obligations to erect institutional safeguards when bounded ethicality is likely to interfere with our ability to do what is right. I conclude with examples of such safeguards and some advice on how to use the research findings on bounded ethicality in designing ethical business organizations.

A educação formal foi, aos poucos, se tornando processo organizado em estágios formalizados, também virando, em parte, compulsória, tamanha a importância atribuída à escola. Entre nós é compulsória na idade de 4 a 17 anos (desde o pré-escolar até ao Ensino Médio – EM). A etapa mais importante, porém, sendo a inicial (educação infantil – EI), deveria incluir creche ou jardim de infância, se não compulsoriamente, pelo menos para as famílias que demandam. Essa é questão que vai muito além do compromisso educacional, atingindo o direito de a criança se desenvolver holisticamente, em especial nos casos em que as condições de desenvolvimento são adversas (populações marginalizadas). O fato de que muitas crianças têm infância marginalizada prejudica o futuro do país irreversivelmente, não só porque o mau desenvolvimento vai refletir em gastos curativos com saúde e outros gastos sociais e econômicos, mas porque o potencial educacional é totalmente desperdiçado, como é quando quase ninguém aprende matemática no fim do EM. A situação em que vivemos no país é, objetivamente, de desperdício quase total dos investimentos, à medida que aprendizagem é excepcional, na média nacional. Quando apenas 12% dos adultos são “proficientes” (digamos, “sabem pensar”) o que resta da escola é uma mixaria gritante.

This article is about the theme of digital capitalism considered by the network and vectoralist approaches. Traditionally, the transition to the technological era in economic development connected with the tendency of the description and conceptualization the world in terms of «network». The network principle has replaced on the tradition ways of the social relations organization based on hierarchical/vertical principle. Network brings horizontal logic of different types of relationships building that realizes the democratic values of equal access to resources and distribution of wealth. The research represents conceptualization of the transition to the digital economy through the creation of programming language (Altair Basic)/code and the program Linux in terms of the key development which changed the world. Originally, the programming language wasn’t sale and nobody owned. The creation of code became the beginning for the network as such principle of economic and social organization which based on the logic of open access to information, cooperation and equality. The creation of the Windows operating system changed the situation: the programing language became the object of possession and Bill Gates’ company became the first monopolist in digital economy. Then from now on, the network change it’s structure and become complex, integrated. The network begin to reproduce the hierarchical principle. The network transforms to the capitalism of platfoms where principles of growth, preferential attachment and freedom of choice work. Complex structure of the network based on the principle of «inclusion» (greatest possible number of people) and «power distribution» of preferences, thus hierarchy become the immanent to the network that lead to the reproduction of inequality. Vectoralist approach shows that the result of this tendency is the emergency of the new classes «vectoralists» and «hakers» which are in conflict in between and with still existing class of «capitalists». This struggle is the key in the question of the financial and cognitive allocation in the world.

The latest in a series of Great Geographical Discoveries was the finding of a southern ice continent in 1820. It was long expected, but very late for different reasons. Among the main ones are the physical and geographical characteristics of the Southern Polar Region of the Earth, which was discovered much earlier than the Northern one. Geographers and sailors, confident in the polar symmetry of the planet's surface, found it difficult to imagine the location of the still unknown continent so close to the South Pole. In addition, the vast belt of water and ice in the Southern Ocean surrounding Antarctica was (and still is) a serious obstacle to safe navigation. Other reasons were the results of James Cook's Second circumnavigation of the world in 1772­1775 to search for the Southern Mainland. In 1773, Captain D. Cook on the ship "Resolution" for the first time crossed the Southern Arctic Circle and reached 71° s. s. He considered the voyage in the Southern Ocean quite successful: the Southern hemisphere was sufficiently explored and the search for the Southern continent was put to an end. The authority of the English navigator was so high that nobody tried to refute his opinion for almost half a century. It required not only the courage of scientific foresight, but also the power of a state with a developed shipbuilding industry, skilled sailors and experience of long successful voyages in the World's oceans. At the beginning of the XIX century, Russia having the status of the Ocean Power possessed all this. According to the plan of the Russian Navy Department, the Russian Antarctic Expedition of 1819–1821 was aimed at implementation of scientific exploration in the least studied and most inaccessible high latitudes of the Southern Ocean. One of the participants in the preparation of the expedition, Captain Irank I.F.Krusenstern, wrote that this expedition "is for exploring the countries around the South Pole with greater accuracy than how much is known about them to this day...". In search of Antarctica, the naval sloops “Vostok” and “Mirny” had to cross the "roaring forties" and "furious fiſties" of the southern latitudes and overcome the belt of driſting icebergs and polar ices.

The first time the little green video icon lit up on Epic, my heart rate kicked up a notch After years of providing diabetes education to both individuals and groups, delivering virtual health care was making my palms sweat Like many educators, I rely on a variety of props, visual aids, drawings, and handouts to explain diabetes and how to manage it Many of us employ a multimedia approach to drive home key messages We look for physical clues from patients that indicate if they are engaged and comprehending We watch for the moment they lean in, when the light bulb goes off, and they respond, “Nobody has ever explained it that way before ”Over the years, I had developed an arsenal of tools and strategies to tackle the variety of questions that come up in diabetes education I had mastered the art of whiteboard illustrations and explaining digestion, absorption, insulin release, and glucose uptake in a way a fifth grader could understand Then COVID-19 hit, and I had to find a different way Ambulatory clinics were shut down In-person care was limited to necessary and urgent procedures only We were told to work from home, but just figuring out how to log into the health care system from my bedroom raised my cortisol level How was I going to empower patients through a video camera?

When DNS was created, nobody expected that it would have become the base for the digital economy and a prime target for cybercriminals. And nobody expected that one main asset of the digital economy would have been users’ browsing habits, putting at risk their privacy. The DNS was designed and implemented according to speed, scalability, and reliability criteria, whereas security and privacy did not fit in the objectives. Although the first attacks were already conceived about thirty years ago, the DNS infrastructure - with a bunch of improvements but its original design - continues to play a pivotal role in enabling access to services, data and devices. And, despite the fairly widespread adoption of DNSSEC security extensions in recent years, DNS attacks are becoming more and more frequent, sophisticated and dangerous. They are global, varied, dynamic and can circumvent traditional security systems such as next-generation firewalls and data loss prevention systems. A revisitation of DNS assumptions has been proposed in very different ways, reflecting diverse point of views in terms of Internet governance and user freedom, and a great effort is in place by standardization bodies, industry consortia and academic research to converge toward an updated design and implementation. The present work overviews the most promising proposals, trying to shed some insight on the future of DNS.

Up to now all studies on metaphors have focused on the source domain of many concepts such as time, thought, love, fear, etc. pointing at space as the ultimate source area. But nobody so far has tried to investigate the notion of space as a target domain and ask a question what might be the source field of space. The world is full of objects which has different shapes and sizes on space. Most of metaphors used in English language are set on individuals’ visual knowledge with these things. Metaphors are widely used in English as many other languages. We formed a wide difference of metaphors which are based on the simplest of figures. The aim of this research is to investigate metaphors of space in geometric form in English language. It is concluded that metaphors occupied an ultimately important place in English language so that new researches should be done in further studies. Addition to this, we concluded that physical objects that are the only entities accessible to our senses and it is the physical object that is the ultimate source domain of space, time and other concepts. The development of notional meanings of words and phrases in English language which are parallel the physical view is interesting. We investigated expressions such as point, cross, square etc. in English.

While a long history of Black feminist thought grapples with the relationship between gender and racial oppression, both historical and present-day examples showcase how white feminists often strug...

PurposeIn commercial web search engine results rankings, four stakeholder groups are involved: search engine providers, users, content providers and search engine optimizers. Search engine optimization (SEO) is a multi-billion-dollar industry and responsible for making content visible through search engines. Despite this importance, little is known about its role in the interaction of the stakeholder groups.Design/methodology/approachWe conducted expert interviews with 15 German search engine optimizers and content providers, the latter represented by content managers and online journalists. The interviewees were asked about their perspectives on SEO and how they assess the views of users about SEO.FindingsSEO was considered necessary for content providers to ensure visibility, which is why dependencies between both stakeholder groups have evolved. Despite its importance, SEO was seen as largely unknown to users. Therefore, it is assumed that users cannot realistically assess the impact SEO has and that user opinions about SEO depend heavily on their knowledge of the topic.Originality/valueThis study investigated search engine optimization from the perspective of those involved in the optimization business: content providers, online journalists and search engine optimization professionals. The study therefore contributes to a more nuanced view on and a deeper understanding of the SEO domain.

The article, based on publication of S.M. Alyansky’s letters to L.D. Blok (1922, 1924), reconstructs the history of relations between the owner of “Alkonost” and the poet’s widow, who transferred the exclusive rights to all of Blok’s works to Alyansky. The article clarifies the details and circumstances of business negotiations between Alyansky and representatives of the “Slovo” publishing house in Berlin, which published Blok’s collected works (three volumes of poems and “The Theater”) in 1922, as well as the financial conditions for publishing a ten-volume collection of Blok’s works under the “Alkonost” brand in the publishing house “Epokha” (Berlin, 1923). The main subject of consideration is a fact unknown in Block studies — the fraud allegations made against Alyansky by L.D. Blok. The introduced archival materials do not only shed light on this incident, but also prove the unsoundness of the insinuations put forward against the owner of “Alkonost”, whose publishing and royalty policies were determined by professional enterprise and high — “knightly” — moral qualities.

By definition sovereign, States find themselves inescapably in a situation of permanent competition. Moreover, given that an inherent quality of sovereignty is to exclude obeying whomever else, nobody, neither individuals nor institutions can arbitrate between them. This being the case, in the international arena power becomes the one and only currency. It seems basic even to each State’s survival: in this endless competition, the sustainability of each depends on the capacity to maintain a sufficient level of power. (Badie, 2018, p.44 translated by the author) What is ... needed is reflecting on new ways of adapting politics and democracy to the unique and universal world of networks... (Balligand and Maquart, 1990, p.219 translated by the author) The above quotes relate to the ambivalence of its members towards the European Union construct. Wishing to remain sovereign, they simultaneously acknowledge that they have to adapt to a new world. So, they conclude treaties which give the Union specific powers. Unable to unilaterally give itself powers, or ‘competences’ in EU jargon, their Union is therefore ‘intergovernmental’. If it were able to assume powers on its own, it would be like a federal state. As such, the Union could exercise some degree of ‘territoriality’, or control over its borders. As it is, it cannot.

Scientists are becoming increasingly aware of a “replicability crisis” in the behavioral, social, and biomedical sciences. Researchers have made progress identifying statistical and methodological causes of the crisis. However, the social structure of science is also to blame. In the fields affected by the crisis, nobody is explicitly responsible and rewarded for doing confirmation and replication work. This article makes the case for a social structural reform to address the problem. I argue that we need to establish a reward system that supports a dedicated group of confirmation researchers and formulate a proposal that would achieve this.

The rise of digital platforms has provided an opportunity for an unprecedented expansion of the public sphere; however, the recent proliferation of online disinformation, automated propaganda as we...

This is a speech that was to have been given to a nuclear disarmament campaign conference which was banned by the Swiss government. It was instead published in the September 1958 issue of the Bulle...

The absence of a human driver creates novel challenges for fully automated public transport. Passengers are likely to have different expectations, needs, or even fears when traveling without a driver in potentially dangerous situations. We present the results from two field studies in which we explored incident management in a driverless shuttle bus. We explored participant’s behavior and willingness to assist in solving problems in a variety of scenarios where the bus suddenly stops for technical reasons or a hypothesized situation of harassment. In a follow-up study, we focused on auditory remote assistance and investigated problem solving through the passengers. We found that diffusion of responsibility is an existent barrier, when passengers are involved in the resolving of potentially dangerous situations. It can be overcome, when incident-relevant instructions are designed explicitly, briefly, timely, distinguishable from regular on-trip information, and address auditory and visual sensory channels alike.

Our interest in this study is to investigate how bilingual teachers are recognised in Norwegian schools. The working conditions of bilingual teachers differ between countries, and in the Norwegian ...