Search

Abstract Background The Haematological Reference Intervals (RIs) are prone to vary on the basis of various factors such as altitude, age, sex, socioeconomic status, etc. These values play a major role in laboratory data interpretation and determine the necessary clinical treatment. Currently, India has no well–established RI for cord blood haematological parameters of newborns. This study aims to establish these intervals from Mumbai, India. Method A cross sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital of India from October 2022 to December 2022 on healthy and term neonates having normal birth weight and born to healthy pregnant mothers. About 2 – 3 mL of cord blood was collected from the clamped cord into EDTA tubes from 127 term neonates. The samples were analysed in the haematology laboratory of the institute and the data was analysed. The upper and lower limits were determined using non-parametric method. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare the distribution of the parameters between sex of infant, modes of deliveries, maternal age and obstetric history. P value less than 0.05 was considered to declare statistical significance. Result The median values and 95% RI for umbilical cord blood haematological parameters of newborns were as follows: WBC = 12.35 [2.56–21.19] × 109/L, RBC = 4.34 [2.45–6.27] × 1012/L, HGB = 14.7 [8.08–21.44] g/dL, HCT = 48 [29–67]%, MCV = 109.6 [59.04–159.1] fL, MCH = 34.5 [30.54–37.79] pg, MCHC = 31.3 [29.87–32.75] %, PLT = 249 [16.97–479.46] × 109/L,LYM = 38 [17–62] %, NEU = 50 [26–74] %, EOS = 2.3 [0.1–4.8] %, MON = 7.3 [3.1–11.4], BAS = 0 [0–1]. This study found no statistically significant difference between sex of infants, except MCHC, and obstetric history. A significant difference was observed in WBC, EOS% and absolute NEU, LYM, MON and BAS by delivery type. A higher platelet count and absolute LYM was observed in the cord blood compared to venous blood. Conclusions For the first time, haematological reference intervals in cord blood were established for newborns in Mumbai, India. The values are applicable for newborns from this area. Larger study throughout the country is required.

To ascertain the effects of Elaeis guineensis oil on the haematological and water quality parameters of Clarias gariepinus to road transportation, experiments were conducted. Forty-two clinically healthy adult Clarias gariepinus, weighing an average of 450.46 ± 26.06 g and measuring an average total length of 38.23 ± 4.46 cm were utilized for the experiment and split into two groups. Elaeis guineensis oil was given to group I every day for one month and on the day of transportation, but not to group II. After transportation, the group I's packed cell volume and erythrocyte counts were significantly elevated (P < 0.05). In comparison to group II, the group I's total leucocyte count, neutrophil count, and stress index (neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio) were all considerably lower (P < 0.05). Following transportation, group II had significantly higher levels (P < 0.05) of nitrite, nitrate, and ammonia than group I. However, the dissolved oxygen level was significantly elevated in group I than in group II. As a result, it was determined that palm oil improved the various Clarias gariepinus haematological and water quality indicators. As a result, it can be beneficial to the fish to reduce the stress of transportation consequently mitigating the effect of stress leading to disease susceptibility and mortality of the fish.

This study focused on how haematology parameters differ with different types of anaesthesia that is given to piglets. In this study 18 piglets were used divided into three groups. In each of these experimental groups a different combination of anaesthetics was used. The first group received the combination of azaperone, diazepam, and ketamine. In the second group, we used the combination of azaperone, xylazine, and ketamine. In the third group, the anaesthesia was induced by azaperone, diazepam, butorphanol and ketamine. Blood samples were taken from the piglets three times throughout the procedure and the relevant haematological parameters were determined. With respect to haematological values, the combination used in group 1 appeared as the best for the anaesthesia of pig-lets. The haematological values, such as MCV (mean corpuscular volume), were similar in all groups with the exception of the third group where the MCV and the MCH (mean corpuscular haemoglobin) were significantly lower 24-hour post anaesthesia compared to the other two groups. Lymphocytes in the first two groups showed a steady decrease, while in the third group their levels increased. The opposite trend was observed for the segmented neutrophils that showed a steady increase over the 24-hour period in the 1st and 2nd group while in group 3 their levels decreased. Abolishment of pedal and nasal reflexes to external stimuli applied every 15 min post ketamine administration was observed. The piglets in the 1st group showed no reflexes to external stimuli, while the worst responses were observed in the 2nd group where many of the piglets started to show reflexes very early within the experimental time.

A study was conducted in crossbred calves for a period of 90 days to evaluate the effect of soy protein isolate based milk replacer feeding on digestibility of nutrients and haematobiochemical parameters.Twelve,four-day-old crossbred calveswere selected from University Livestock Farm and Fodder Research and Development Scheme (ULF & FRDS), Mannuthy and were allotted to one of the two dietary treatments. The dietary treatments were T1 (Control) fed with whole milk and T2- fed with soy protein isolate based milk replacer (CP-22 per cent) and milk in the ratio 3:1.To all the experimental animals, calf starter (CP-23 per cent) and adlibitum green grass were offered and were fed according to ICAR (2013). Daily record of quantity of feed (calf starter and milk replacer) andgrass given and balance if any were recorded throughout the experimental period. A digestibility trial for five days duration was carried out towards the end of feeding trial by total collection method. The results revealed similar apparent digestibility of nutrients and haematobiochemical parameters for whole milk and milk replacer fed group.

The present work is to evaluate the acute toxicity of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Oldenlantia herbacea Roxb. in albino rats as per the OECD guidelines. Acute toxicity study of aqueous and ethanol extracts was carried out by administration of 1,3 and 5g/kg bw of Oldenlantia herbacea Roxb. to rats in the respective groups at a single dose. While rats in the control group received 0.5 ml of normal saline. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected for hematology and clinical evaluations. Body weight and food consumptions were also noted. The main organs of the body like liver, kidney and lungs were collected for measurement of their weight. In the acute toxicity study of both aqueous and ethanol extracts showed no toxicological signs observed on body weight, organ weight and food consumption of rats. There were no significant changes observed in the liver markers, kidney markers and haematological parameters. From the above findings concluded that aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Oldenlantia herbacea Roxb. at a dose of 1,3 and 5g/kg body weight does not produce any adverse effects and it may be considered as promising therapeutic applications in drug discovery.

Experiments were performed to evaluate the haematological (erythrocyte and leucocyte parameters) response of West African Dwarf goats following oestrus synchronisation and superovulation protocol. Twenty-four clinically healthy female goats aged 2.34 ± 0.4 years and average body weight of 13.83 ± 0.7 kg was used for the experiment. The goats were divided into two groups. Group I goats was synchronized using Controlled Internal Drug Release (CIDR) for 18 days with the first day of insertion as day 0. On day 16 following CIDR insertion into the vagina, a single dose of 500 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) was administered to each doe intramuscularly while group II served as the control was subjected to the same housing and environmental conditions but was not synchronized. superovulation was induced with porcine follicle stimulating hormone (pFSH) which was injected intramuscularly at a rate of 5mg/kg in reducing doses twice a day at 06.00 h and 18.00 h for 3 days starting from 48hr i.e., 2 days before CIDR removal (day 17). A blood sample of 5 mL was collected by jugular venipuncture of each of the goats before the protocol (Day 0) and at the end of the protocol (Day 18). All erythrocyte parameters evaluated showed a significantly higher value in group II (control) compared to group I post-oestrus synchronisation while total leucocyte count, neutrophil count and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio values obtained after the protocol were also higher in group I (P < 0.05) compared to group II. It is therefore concluded that oestrus synchronisation and superovulation may elicit stress in West African Dwarf goats and an appropriate antioxidant should be part of the protocol.

Using probiotic preparations and their complexes in poultry farming is an important step towards increasing poultry resistance and productivity, and thus producing environmentally friendly products. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of the complex action of symbiotic drugs and biocidal agents by investigating the clinical and biochemical parameters of blood and mineral metabolism in the body of broiler chickens under the conditions of their use according to the developed scheme. Hematologic, biochemical and immunologic blood parameters were explored by conventional methods, micro- and macroelements by optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma. Using the proposed complex of symbiotic and biocidal agents in the technology of rearing broiler chickens activates the processes of erythropoiesis, haemoglobin production, restoration of protein metabolism and normalisation of mineral status within physiological limits, which indicates the strengthening of the body's defences, increased resistance to stress factors and adverse environmental conditions, and will further have a positive effect on the growth and productivity of the target bird. The pronounced effect of the complex combination of drugs on the body of broiler chickens of experimental B is a better assimilation of many inorganic elements (by increasing the content of Calcium, Phosphorus, Cuprum, Ferrum and Selenium, Magnesium, Manganum); and, accordingly, causes the sustainable development of metabolic processes due to the prevalence of anabolic over catabolic processes (by increasing the level of total proteins against the background of a physiological increase in the number of globulin fractions; including the induction of the endogenous detoxification system – by reducing the level of production of toxic metabolites of purine metabolism: uric acid and creatinine; reduction of Chromium content; normalisation of transamination processes and deceleration of alkaline phosphatase activity) and immunobiological reactions (by enhancing erythropoiesis and haemoglobin production; induction of lysozyme, bactericidal and phagocytic activity), respectively. The proposed system of rearing young poultry using a complex of symbiotic preparations in combination with biocidal agents promotes the synergistic effect of the latter and their effective action on the body of experimental broiler chickens, which increases nonspecific resistance and restores metabolic reactions

Launaea taraxacifolia, is a plant used in traditional medicines, due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. There is a need to study its ability to mitigate the harmful effects of benzene-induced haematotoxicity which potentially involves modulation of Intercellular Adhesion Molecules 1 (ICAM-1) and Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecules 1 (VCAM-1) gene expressions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of aqueous leaf extracts of Launaea taraxacifolia on ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 gene expression in benzene induced haematotoxicity in albino Wistar rats using standard methods. Data obtained was analyzed by the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software. The mRNA expression of ICAM-1 was significantly lower in groups B and C when compared to group A (p

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of invasive bacterial infections and their antimicrobial resistance patterns in sickle cell disease (SCD) patients admitted at the Medical Research Council the Gambia (MRCG) Ward in the era of PCV and Hib vaccination in the Gambia. Methods and Results: This study was conducted in the clinical laboratory department of MRCG. We retrospectively generated haematological, and blood culture data from our electronic medical records from 2015 to 2022 of SCD patients admitted to MRCG Ward. Of 380 SCD patients, blood culture was requested only for 159. Of the 159 admitted SCD, 11 patients had qualified positive blood cultures. Five different types of bacterial pathogens were isolated from these positive blood cultures: 4 Staphylococcus aureus, 3 Streptococcus pneumoniae, 2 Salmonella species, 1 Enterococcus species, and 1 Shigella boydii. No episode of bacteremia caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b was identified. The molecular serotyping of the Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates revealed non-vaccine serotypes 10 A, 12 F and 12 F. Penicillin resistance was recorded in two of the three Streptococcus pneumoniae. The Staphylococcus aureus isolates were penicillin resistant but cefoxitin sensitive, hence no methicillin (oxacillin) resistant Staphylococcus aureus was reported. Generally, the isolated pathogens were all sensitive to chloramphenicol, and vancomycin. The haematological indices were not significantly varied between SCD patients with and without microbiologically confirmed bacterial infection. Conclusion: Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus were the most common cause of bacteremia in these admitted SCD patients. The presence of non-typhoidal Salmonella and Shigella infection coupled with penicillin resistance should be considered during penicillin prophylaxis and empirical treatment regimens for SCD patients and future SCD management policies in the Gambia. The haematological parameters may not be reliable biomarkers in differentiating bacterial from non-bacterial infections in SCD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) complicates about 6-10% of pregnancies around the world. According to the WHO, PIH is one of the leading causes of maternal, fetal, and neonatal mortality and morbidity. PIH causes many hematological aberrations in women and any abnormalities in the coagulation of blood lead to hemorrhages. Aim and objective: To Study the Changes in Hematological Parameters and Coagulation Profile and Correlate these Parameters in Preeclampsia and Eclampsia patients. Material and Methods: In this prospective study we studied Hematological Parameters(Platelet count, Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio )and Coagulation Profile (BT,CT,PT, aPTT, D-dimer)in 80 female presenting with pregnancy induced hypertension in a period of One & a half year admitted in Kamla Raja Hospital, Gajra Raja Medical College, Gwalior. Results: Out of 80 patient studied, 60 (75%) were Preeclampsia patient and 20 (25%) were Eclampsia patient. Age distribution was 19. -30 years. Most patient (52.5%) were in their third trimester. All patients show bleeding time and clotting time in normal range. Preeclampsia (13.75%) and eclampsia (12.5%) patients shows increased Prothrombin time. All Eclampsia patients showed D-dimer > 0.5 µgm/ dl FEU and thrombocytopenia. Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio increases as severity of PIH increases. Conclusion: Raised neutrophil lymphocyte ratio, D-dimer and thrombocytopenia are fairly good indicator of severe Preeclampsia, Eclampsia and needs aggressive treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Early detection of neonatal sepsis is critical because it is potentially fatal. Therefore, sepsis biomarkers of sufficient sensitivity and specificity are needed. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of peripheral blood parameters as neonatal sepsis biomarkers and the diagnostic performance of the monocyte distribution width (MDW) in sepsis in a neonatal intensive care unit. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2019 to August 2020 at the King Saud University Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Samples were collected and organised as follows: 77 study cases were subdivided into two subgroups (other health complication (49) and sepsis (28)), and there were 70 controls. The causative microorganisms of neonatal sepsis were isolated. Peripheral blood samples were collected from each neonate in an ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid tube for a complete blood count and a leukocyte differential count. Moreover, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to measure the diagnostic performance of the MDW. Results: The haematological parameters and neonatal sepsis cases had a considerable correlation. The MDW was the most significant haematological parameter. The ROC analysis of the MDW demonstrated that the area under the curve was 0.89 (95% confidence interval: 0.867 to 0.998) with a sensitivity of 89.3%, a specificity of 88.2%, and a negative predictive value of 97.2% at the cut-off point of 23. Conclusions: The use of haematological parameters is feasible and can be performed rapidly. Neonatal sepsis showed a strong correlation with leukopenia, anaemia, thrombocytopenia, and an elevated MDW value. Moreover, the ROC curve analysis confirmed the high diagnostic ability of the MDW in neonatal sepsis prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionLinseed or flaxseed (Linum usitassimum L.) contains a prospective source of protein and energy to be utilized in animal feed. This study aimed at re-cycling and value-addition of Linseed Oil Cake (LOC) for formulation of non-conventional carp diets. MethodsThe LOC was bio-processed through solid state fermentation (SSF) with a fish gut bacterium, Bacillus pumilus (KF640221). Nine experimental sets of diets were formulated using raw (R1-R4) and SSF-processed (F1-F4) LOC at 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% levels substituting fishmeal as well as other ingredients in a reference diet, and rohu, Labeo rohita fingerlings (2.08±0.03 g) were fed for 70 days feeding trial. Growth, carcass composition, activities of digestive enzymes, digestibility and haemato-biochemical parameters were studied following standard methodologies.ResultsSSF significantly (P< 0.05) improved crude protein along with amino acids, whereas crude fibre and antinutritional factors were reduced considerably. Experimental diets were isocaloric (4.8 kcal) and isonitrogenous (36%). Diets with bio-processed LOC had significantly better performance than the raw LOC. Fish fed diet F3 with 30% fermented LOC resulted in the highest weight gain (6.25 ± 0.09 g), specific growth rate (% day -1) and carcass protein deposition (16.77±0.34%). Activities of the digestive enzymes (amylase, lipase and protease) were also significantly (P

The present experiment was conducted to study the effect of feeding Moringa oleifera meal by replacing compound concentrate mixture in Total Mixed Ration (TMR), on the physiological and haemato-biochemical profile of Surti kids. Twenty-four kids were divided into four treatment groups, viz., 0% (T1), 25% (T2), 50% (T3), and 100% (T4) replacement of compound concentrate mixture with Moringa oleifera meal. Amongst haemato-biochemical parameters, haemoglobin, serum total protein, glucose, cholesterol, SGPT, SGOT, calcium, and phosphorus showed non-significant differences, while serum urea and creatinine differed significantly (p<0.05) between different groups. Physiological parameters though did not differ between groups, the respiration rate and heart rate particularly increased gradually and significantly (p<0.01) with advancing the feeding trial. However, values of all the haemato-biochemical parameters were within the normal physiological range in all the treatment groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the etiological agent of a haemorrhagic disease that threatens the global pig industry. There is an urgency to develop a safe and efficient vaccine, but the knowledge of the immune–pathogenetic mechanisms behind ASFV infection is still very limited. In this paper, we evaluated the haematological and immunological parameters of domestic pigs vaccinated with the ASFV Lv17/WB/Rie1 strain or its derived mutant Lv17/WB/Rie1/d110-11L and then challenged with virulent Armenia/07 ASFV. Circulating levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), 13 key cytokines and 11 haematological parameters were evaluated throughout the study. Lv17/WB/Rie1 triggered an inflammatory response, with increased levels of CRP and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and induced lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia and a decline in red blood cell (RBC) parameters, although this was transitory. Lv17/WB/Rie1/d110-11L triggered only transitory thrombocytopenia and a mild inflammatory reaction, with no increase in serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, but it raised IL-1Ra levels. Both strains counteracted several adverse reactions elicited by virulent challenge, like thrombocytopenia, a decline in RBC parameters, and inflammation. Within this paper, we provided a deep portrayal of the impact of diverse ASFV strains on the domestic pig's immune system. A better understanding of these immune–pathological mechanisms would help to design suitable vaccines against this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of browse legume fodder as hay or silage with varying proportions of pasture grass has drawn attentions due to high protein efficiency, high digestible energy and total digestible nutrients. Hence, the feeding strategies to enhance the utilization of native pastures and browses by ruminants is paramount. In this study, a total of 30 growing West African Dwarf (WAD) rams of 6-9 months old weighing 10.75-11.68 kg were randomly grouped into six rams per treatment in a completely randomized design for 90 days feeding trial to assess the haematological and serum biochemical constituents of rams fed varying proportions of mixed Cajanus cajan (CJ) hay with Panicum maximum (PM) at 3% body weight per day (T1=100%PM, T²=70%PM30%CJ, T3=50%PM50%CJ, T4=30%PM70%CJ and T5=100%CJ). The result showed a significant (p<0.05) difference in all the haematological parameters across the dietary treatments except for mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) as the rams maintained on T5 diet had the highest packed cell volume (PCV, 24.16%) and haemoglobin (Hb, 8.00g/dl). The red blood cell (RBC) ranged 7.63-8.10 x 106 /l showed significant difference across all treatments, while the highest white blood cell (WBC) value of 11.18 x 103 /l was observed in rams maintained on T4 diet. Rams fed T5 diet had the highest total protein, Aspartate aminotransferase and Alanine aminotransferase of 6.18 g/dl, 59.38 I. UL and 19.31 I. UL respectively compared to ram fed T1 and T3 diets with TP (5.68g/dl), AST (47.22 I. UL) and ALT (15.77 I. UL) respectively. The study revealed that feeding 100%CJ hay diet has a good nutrient profile and enhanced the productivity of growing WAD rams in terms of PCV, Hb and RBC and improved serum metabolites in terms of total protein without any deleterious effects on the animal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction.A cleft lip involves a split in the upper lip that often extends into the nose. There are three possible placements for the opening: to one side, to both sides, or in the centre. When there is a hole in the roof of the mouth (the palate), it is called a cleft palate. Both conditions, as well as the combination of the two, are referred to collectively as orofacial cleft. Feeding difficulties, speech difficulties, hearing difficulties, and recurrent ear infections are all possible side effects of these conditions. Fewer than half of all cases of this illness do not have a known aetiology. Aim. To analyse the haematological parameters in cleft lip with age matched control in 3- and 6 year-old patients. Materials and methods. 2 ml of blood taken over from patients with normal and cleft palates were put into an EDTA tube for the haematological analyzer. The study was approved by the institutional ethical approval committee - file number SRB/ SDC/UG-2188/22/496 n= 10; control, n=10 cleft lip patients. Results and discussion. Comparing and determining the changes of haematological parameters between normal and cleft lip in 3- and 6 year-old patients. Conclusions. The data offered in our study about haematological parameters with the abnormalities would increase awareness among the organisations and clinicians for a more holistic approach in treating cleft patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of antibiotics in the aquatic environment poses great concerns because of their impacts on water quality, aquatic organisms and human health. The current study aimed to detect the residues of antibiotics including amoxicillin (AMO), ciprofloxacin (CIP) and levofloxacin (LEV) seasonally in the muscles and liver of Planiliza abu fish and indicating their effects on some health aspects of fish during November 2020 through August 2021 in two selected stations from Shatt Al-Arab, Basra, Iraq. The samples were analysed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The current study is the first in Iraq to indicate the presence of antibiotic residues in fish. The study recorded high levels of antibiotics in the muscles and liver of fish, and the concentrations were higher in the second station than in the first one. The antibiotic AMO occupied the highest concentration in the muscles and liver of fish in the second station during the spring exhibiting 8.7 and 6.2 mg kg-1, respectively. The lowest values ​​of CIP were recorded in fish muscles in the first station during the autumn, amounting to 2.8 mg kg-1. The lowest values ​​of LEV were recorded in fish livers in the first station during the autumn amounting to 1.3 mg kg-1. In this study, the accumulation of antibiotics in the liver and muscles of fish exhibited negative effects on the health standards. The presence of antibiotic residues in fish samples in these high concentrations is a source of great concern as it is a major source of human food. The study emphasized the need to conduct more studies to detect this type of pollution and know its negative effects on the health aspects of other types of fish.

This study was aimed to assessing haematological parameters in pigs of different age categories from six farms differing in the presence or absence of selected pathogens. The following categories were included: 5 age groups of growers, fatteners and breeding sows. Individual blood samples for determining complete blood count and white blood cell differential count were taken. Group samples of oral fluid and faeces were collected from each farm and tested for detection of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Virus (PRRSV), Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2), and Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) using PCR, RT-PCR, and qRT-PCR protocols. On farms free of PRRSV, PCV2 and HEV, the age of pigs had significant effect on: white blood cell count (WBC), haemoglobin concentration (Hb), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, platelet count (PLT), percentage of neutrophils, lymphocytes and eosinophils and absolute numbers of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, basophils and ‘large unstained cells’ (LUCs). On positive farms all observed blood parameters except the percentage of LUCs were significantly affected by the age. The percentages of lymphocytes, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and haematocrit were significantly lowered by PRRSV, while WBC, PLT, percentage and absolute numbers of neutrophils, basophils and LUCs were increased. Nine-week-old pigs with PCV2 had significantly lower red blood cell count, PLT, percentage and absolute numbers of monocytes and LUCs, and significantly higher MCV, MCH, percentage of neutrophils and percentage and absolute number of eosinophils than 9-week-old pigs with PCV2 and HEV. Age-related changes in haematological parameters occurred in PCR negative and positive farms.HIGHLIGHTS Age-related changes in haematological parameters were present in PCR negative farms and in PCR positive farms in relation to selected pathogens. Values for several haematological parameters in 9-week-old pigs with a monoinfection differed significantly from those in pigs of the same age with two viral infections. To interpret results of haematological analyses correctly, it is important to consider the haematological analyser used, the pig age and, health history, and clinical data.

The study was conducted to compare the haematological, biochemical and nutritional parameters between healthy foals (HF) and weak foals (WF, malformation, lameness and drooping ears), and between the corresponding female donkeys to provide a reference for the assessment of healthy status. A total of 34 donkeys with HF (DHF) and 34 with WF (DWF) were selected. Compared to HF, WF had higher leukocyte, neutrophil, platelets (PLT) and the percentage of neutrophil, and their corresponding female donkeys showed the similar tendency; WF had lower birth weight and body measurements. The concentrations of serum urea, total protein, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) were increased in WF compared with HF, whereas serum glucose (GLU) was decreased. The concentrations of serum urea, total protein, AST, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), BHBA, NEFA, calcium and phosphorus were increased in DWF compared with DHF, whereas serum albumin (ALB), GLU, kalium, chromium, iron, manganese, lead and zinc were decreased. The hair concentrations of minerals had the same tendency as well, but calcium concentration of hair was opposite. There were significant correlations of kalium, copper, iron and zinc contents between serum and hair. In plasma, the contents of threonine, glutamic acid, alanine, arginine in DWF were greater than DHF, whereas valine content was lower. In conclusion, there were significant differences in some haematological, biochemical and nutritional parameters, which suggested that the malnutrition of the corresponding female donkeys was probably responsible for malformation, lameness and drooping ears of foals.Highlights Weak foals (WF) had higher leukocyte and neutrophil count, platelets (PLT) and the percentage of neutrophil than healthy foals (HF), and their corresponding female donkeys showed the similar tendency. WF had higher concentrations than HF in serum urea, total protein, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), but had lower concentration in serum glucose (GLU), and their corresponding female donkeys showed the similar tendency. Donkeys with WF had higher concentrations of threonine, glutamic acid, alanine, arginine in plasma than donkeys with HF, but lower concentrations of valine in plasma and some mineral elements in serum and hair.

This study investigated the therapeutic effect of a combined extract of Spermacoce radiata and Hypselodelphys poggeana (CESH) on oxidative markers and haematological parameters in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) induced rats. The study adopted five groups containing equal numbers of rats (n = 6), including normal control, BPH control, Finasteride control, BPH-induced rats treated with 200 mg/kg CESH, and BPH-induced rats treated with 600 mg/kg CESH. The rats were induced BPH by the subcutaneous administration of a 5 mg/kg testosterone propionate injection. At the same time, treatment finasteride and CESH to the respective groups were given orally 60 minutes after the BPH induction for 28 uninterrupted days. The induction of BPH with testosterone propionate injection caused a significant reduction in the serum levels of haematological parameters, including haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cells (RBC), and platelet counts of the BPH control compared with normal control. The glutathione (GSH) concentration, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase, and catalase activities decreased significantly in the BPH control relative to the normal control. The BPH control had elevated white blood cell (WBC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations contrary to the high WBC and MDA in the normal control and CESH treated BPH induced rats, respectively. Conversely, the Hb, PCV, platelet count, GPx, SOD, catalase, GST, and GSH increased significantly in the finasteride and CESH-treated BPH-induced rats, respectively, compared to the BPH control. These findings show that CESH attenuates adverse effects of BPH on antioxidant parameters and oxidative markers, which may prevent BPH progression.

Medicinal plants prevent and ameliorate various diseases. In Nigeria, different species of Acalypha has demonstrated antidiabetic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. This study investigated some haematological parameters in phenyl hydrazine induced-anaemic Wistar rats treated with aqueous and methanol leaf extracts of A. wilkesiana. Anaemia was induced subcutaneously with phenyl hydrazine at 40 mg/kg body weight, and treated with both extracts. Rats were divided into nine groups of five each. Groups A, B and C were normal control, anaemic control and vitamin E control respectively. Groups D, E, F and G, H, I was given 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg body weight of both leaf extracts, respectively. After 14 days post-treatment, Group B showed significant reduction (p < 0.05) of some haematological parameters when compared with control. Groups treated with vitamin E and A. wilkesiana showed significant reverse and restoration of some haematological parameters towards and above control values in a relatively non-dose dependent and non-significant manner (p > 0.05), except lymphocytes, haemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume and haematocrit which recorded significant increase (p < 0.05). However, platelets and platelet crit recorded significant decrease (p < 0.05). The study revealed that the leaf extracts may be relatively anti-anaemic with better hematopoietic potentials than Vitamin E.

Background: The Haematological Reference Intervals (RIs) are prone to vary on the basis of various factors such as altitude, age, sex, socioeconomic status, etc. These values play a major role in laboratory data interpretation and determine the necessary clinical treatment. Currently, India has no well–established RI for cord blood haematological parameters of newborns. This study aims to establish these intervals from Mumbai, India. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital of India from October 2022 to December 2022 on healthy and term neonates having normal birth weight and born to healthy pregnant mothers. About 2 – 3 mL of cord blood was collected from the clamped cord into EDTA tubes from 127 term neonates. The samples were analysed in the haematology laboratory of the institute and the data was analysed. The upper and lower limits were determined using non-parametric method. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare the distribution of the parameters between sex of infant, modes of deliveries, maternal age and obstetric history. P value less than 0.05 was considered to declare statistical significance. Result: The median values and 95% RI for umbilical cord blood haematological parameters of newborns were as follows: WBC = 12.35 [2.56–21.19] × 109/L, RBC = 4.34 [2.45–6.27] × 1012/L, HGB = 14.7 [8.08–21.44] g/dL, HCT = 48 [29–67]%, MCV = 109.6 [59.04–159.1] fL, MCH = 34.5 [30.54–37.79] pg, MCHC = 31.3 [29.87–32.75] %, PLT = 249 [16.97–479.46] × 109/L,LYM = 38 [17–62] %, NEU = 50 [26–74] %, EOS = 2.3 [0.1–4.8] %, MON = 7.3 [3.1–11.4], BAS = 0 [0–1]. This study found no statistically significant difference between sex of infants, except MCHC, and obstetric history. A significant difference was observed in WBC, EOS% and absolute NEU, LYM, MON and BAS by delivery type. A higher platelet count and absolute LYM was observed in the cord blood compared to venous blood. Conclusions: For the first time, haematological reference intervals in cord blood were established for newborns in Mumbai, India. The values are applicable for newborns from this area. Larger study throughout the country is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We performed this study to evaluate the effects of melatonin on oxidative stress and haematological responses following an exercise of 2000 m at maximum speed. Eighteen untrained, clinically healthy stallions of the Arabian breed with a mean body weight of 401 ± 32.11 kg (395-404 kg) and an age range of 5.7-0.54 years (5-6 years) were used in this research. The subjects were divided into three groups of six stallions each. Group I (MTEX) was treated with melatonin at a dose rate of 0.03 mg/kg orally once daily for one month. Group II (NMTX) was not administered melatonin but exercised, while the last group (OMTX) was neither administered melatonin nor exercised. The results obtained show that post-exercise, the biomarkers of oxidative stress evaluated were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the MTEX group than in the NMTX group. The leucocyte count, neutrophil counts, and the ratio of neutrophil to lymphocyte were higher (p < 0.05) in the NMTX group than in the MTEX group. Furthermore, it was recorded that packed cell volume and the total erythrocyte count were statistically higher (p < 0.05) in the MTEX group than in the NMTX group. Therefore, we concluded that melatonin ameliorated oxidative stress and some haematological parameters will be beneficial to horses subjected to the stress of exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To ascertain the effects of Elaeis guineensis oil on the haematological and water quality parameters of Clarias gariepinus to road transportation, experiments were conducted. Forty-two clinically healthy adult Clarias gariepinus, weighing an average of 450.46 ± 26.06 g and measuring an average total length of 38.23 ± 4.46 cm were utilized for the experiment and split into two groups. Elaeis guineensis oil was given to group I every day for one month and on the day of transportation, but not to group II. After transportation, the group I's packed cell volume and erythrocyte counts were significantly elevated (P < 0.05). In comparison to group II, the group I's total leucocyte count, neutrophil count, and stress index (neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio) were all considerably lower (P < 0.05). Following transportation, group II had significantly higher levels (P < 0.05) of nitrite, nitrate, and ammonia than group I. However, the dissolved oxygen level was significantly elevated in group I than in group II. As a result, it was determined that palm oil improved the various Clarias gariepinus haematological and water quality indicators. As a result, it can be beneficial to the fish to reduce the stress of transportation consequently mitigating the effect of stress leading to disease susceptibility and mortality of the fish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study was conducted among 18 lame cows from a herd of 114 cows in early lactation. Whole blood was collected from the lame cows on the first day of treatment and 20 days after therapeutic hoof trimming for analysis of haematological parameters. The number of red blood cells, haemoglobin concentration, platelet and volume of packed red cells increased(p> 0.05) on post trimming evaluation. The number of neutrophils and the percentage of neutrophils decreased with a concurrent increase in lymphocytes and monocytes which was not significant (p>0.05) in lame cows post trimming. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio decreased in the affected animals in the post trimming period. Therapeutic hoof trimming and treatment improved the healing of painful sole lesions and reduction in pain sensitivity was also observed in all the affected animals.

This study aimed to investigate the haematological profile of Clarias gariepinus after stress from transportation and handling in the market. C. gariepinus mixed sexes and siblings reared in the same fish tank were subjected to transportation and market stressors associated with transportation and handling in the market. Ten fish were collected at random at successive time intervals at the fish farm (A), another immediately after arriving at the Choba market (B), and then after 3 hours (C), 6 hours (D), and 9 hours (E) at the same location. The results revealed that red blood cell (RBC) levels were higher in the non-stressed group (Group A) than in the test populations (Groups B-E).The differences in values were not statistically significant (p

Abstract Background Upsurge in cardiopulmonary dysfunctions in Enugu, Nigeria, involved mainly cement workers, automobile spray painters, woodworkers, and Cleaners and was worsened in the dry season, suggesting the need for an occupation-specific characterization of the disease features and seasonal evaluation of air quality for prevention and management. Methods We conducted a randomized cross-sectional study of eighty consenting participants (in Achara Layout, Enugu), comprising 20 cement workers (39.50 ± 14.95 years), 20 automobile spray painters (40.75 ± 9.85 years), 20 woodworkers (52.20 ± 9.77 years), and 20 cleaners (42.30 ± 9.06 years). The air quality, some haematological (fibrinogen-Fc, and C-reactive protein-CRP), and cardiopulmonary parameters were measured and analyzed using ANCOVA, at p

Abstract Objective: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), is a newly recognised life-threatening complication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Early determination of clinical severity of the disease is important for early decision of treatment regimens. The aim of this study is to investigate the severity classification value of a number of hematological parameters, inflammatory markers and biochemical tests in patients with MIS-C during the acute stage and after anti-inflammatory treatment. Material and Methods: In this retrospective case-controlled study, 64 children with MIS-C and 95 healthy age and gender matched children were included. Patients were divided into three clinical severity groups; mild, moderate, and severe. Results: Mean platelet volume (MPV), MPV to lymphocyte ratio (MPVLR), D-dimer, ferritin, interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels were significantly higher, while albumin levels were lower in the severe MIS-C group compared to all the other groups on admission. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and derived (d) NLR (d-NLR) levels were significantly higher in the moderate group compared to the mild group. In the pre-treatment period of MIS-C patients had higher MPV, platelet distribution width (PDW) values while they had lower white blood cell, lymphocyte, monocyte, haemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), red cell distribution width (RDW), plateletcrit and platelet values compared to the post-treatment group. Lymphocyte, platelets, and haemoglobin levels were significantly higher in the control group compared to the pre-treatment group. Acute phase reactants, NLR, NMR, PLR, d-NLR, MPVLR and systemic inflammatory index were significantly higher in all MIS-C patients on admission compared to the control group. Conclusion: Specific routine laboratory test results may be useful in determining disease severity of MIS-C, possibly predict the prognosis and allow early initiation of the appropriate treatment.

Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia is one of the most common medical conditions affecting ageing men, and many available drugs have not yielded the desired outcome. This has prompted the applications of phytomedicines for its treatment, and combined Funtumia africana and Abutilon mauritianum leaves have been found effective in its treatment. However, there is no information on its effects on the haematological and biochemical parameters. Objectives: This study assessed the effects of combined Funtumia africana and Abutilon mauritianum (CFAAM) leaves on haematological and antioxidant parameters of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) induced rats. Methods: The study was divided into 5 groups with 6 rats in each group. Group 1 contained the standard control, while group 2 comprised BPH-induced rats that received no treatment. Group 3 had BPH induced rats treated with 5 mg/kg Finasteride, whereas groups 4 and 5 consisted of BPH induced rats treated with 200 and 600 mg/kg body weight of CFAAM, respectively. BPH in the rats was induced by daily subcutaneous administration of 5 mg/kg testosterone propionate over a period of 28 days, while treatments with either Finasteride or CFAAM were via the oral route. Results: The obtained results showed a significant (P0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggested that CFAAM maintains a healthy haematological profile and improves the levels of antioxidant parameters under BPH conditions; furthermore, it may be of value in the search for new agents for inhibiting the development and progression of BPH.

The current study examines the effects of different levels of marjoram Origanum majorana extract (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 %) on growth performance and haematological parameters in diets of common carp Cyprinus carpio. Four units of the Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) were used. Each unit had three plastic tanks (30×30×60 cm), representing four treatments with three replicates, each tank containing ten fish with an average weight of 16.31 + 0.02g - 16.48 + 0.10. Fingerlings were fed at a rate of 3% of the total fish weight. All diets contained an average of 33.89 ± 0.067 % crude protein and about 20.32±0.16 (kJ/g) of gross energy. Fish are fed twice daily, six days a week. The study lasted eight weeks (56 days) during November and December 2021. According to our findings, a group of fish fed 1.5% marjoram extract had the highest rate of final body weight, daily weight increase, relative growth rate, specific growth rate, food conversion ratio, and feed conversion efficiency. The 1.5 % marjoram extract treatment had the highest rate of total protein +5.68 0.84 g/dl, albumin +4.48 0.48 g/dl, globulin +1.17 0.54 g/dl and 3.82 + 0.51% albumin/ globulin. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the use of 1.5 % O. majorana extract was best for growth, and blood profile. The results suggest that the inclusion of O. majorana can improve the nutrient efficiency, growth performance, and haematological parameter of C. carpio fingerlings without negative effects on the fish.

This study aimed to assess the Withania coagulans fruit extract's effects on growth and haematological parameters of Labeo rohita. Healthy fish (n = 120) were divided in four groups. Experimental diet was prepared with different extraction of W. coagulans (0%, 1%, 1.5% and 2%). Diet was provided for eight weeks to all groups except the control group which fed on basal diet. The 1.5% and 2% W. coagulans extracts lead improvement in feed conversion ratio and specific fish growth rate; haematological parameters in fish group fed with 2% of W. coagulans showed increased in WBC, RBC, Hb, MCHC, PCV. The values of plasma proteins and lysozyme activity were higher in the experimental group compared control group. Fish fed with W. coagulans extracts showed increased of immunity and less mortality respect to others. It suggested that W. coagulans could be considered valuable support for the improve growth and immunity in Labeo rohita. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malaria is an acute febrile illness. It is a dangerous disease that contributes to millions of hospital visits and hundreds of thousands of deaths, especially in children residing in sub-Saharan Africa. In a non-immune individual, symptoms usually appear 10–15 days after the infective mosquito bite. The first symptoms—fever, headache, and chills—may be mild and difficult to recognize as malaria. If not treated within 24 h, P. falciparum malaria can progress to severe illness, often leading to death. Children with severe malaria frequently develop one or more of the following symptoms: severe anaemia, respiratory distress in relation to metabolic acidosis, or cerebral malaria. In adults, multi-organ involvement is also frequent. In malaria endemic areas, people may develop partial immunity, allowing asymptomatic infections to occur. Haematological changes are well-recognised with malarial infection however background haemoglobinopathy, nutritional status, demographic factors and malaria immunity play a major role in specific changes in that geographical region. Artemisinin derivatives are new generation antimalarial drugs they are used in the treatment of acute attacks of severe malaria including cerebral malaria. Information on the safety of these new antimalarial drugs on body function is still scanty. Haematological parameters are well studied in P. falciparum infection, but now recent studies have indicated that these changes do occur in P. vivax infection also. Hematological profile together with microscopy will enable rapid diagnosis, prompt treatment and further complications can be avoided. This current review is aimed at providing an up-to-date information on the role of malaria and anti-malarial drugs on haematological parameters especially thrombocytopenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a global public health concern. Chronic inflammation plays a role in MetS; haematological inflammatory parameters can be used as MetS predicting factors. Objective: Hereditary and environmental factors play an important role in the development of MetS. This study aimed to determine the relationship between haematological parameters and MetS in the adult population of southeastern Iran, Kerman. Methods: This cross‐sectional study was a sub‐analysis of 1033 subjects who participated in the second phase of the Kerman Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factor Study (KERCADRS). Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed according to Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) definition. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to investigate the relationship between haematological parameters with age and components of metabolic syndrome. The role of WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte and monocyte in predicting metabolic syndrome was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: White blood cell (WBC) and its subcomponent cells count, red cell distribution width (RDW), monocyte to HDL ratio (MHR) and Neutrophil to HDL ratio (NHR) had a significant positive correlation with the severity of MetS. The cut‐off value of WBC was 6.1 (×103/μL), the sensitivity was 70%, the specificity was 52.9% for females, the cut‐off value of WBC was 6.3 (×103/μL), the sensitivity was 68.2% and the specificity was 46.7%, for males. Conclusion: WBC and its subcomponent count, RDW, MHR and NHR parameters are valuable biomarkers for further risk appraisal of MetS in adults. These markers are helpful in early diagnoses of individuals with MetS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural, Environmental & Veterinary Sciences is the property of Arab Journal of Sciences & Research Publishing (AJSRP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The effects of chlorfenapyr pesticide were investigated on juvenile of Clarias gariepinus. Sub-lethal test was carried out using 5, 7, 9, 11 and 15 mgL-1 of chlorfenapyr pesticide for 96 hours, and peripheral blood was collected through the caudal vein and examined for haematological changes. There was significant reduction (P<0.05) in WBC when compared to the control. RBC increase was directly proportional to increase in chlorfenapyr dose and significantly differed from control (p<0.05). HGB increased in a dose-dependent manner. MCV values of all treatment groups, except 15 mgL-1, were higher when compared to control. MCH was not significantly different from control. PLT decreased with increase in concentration and was lower for all treatment when compared with control. Results obtained in this study suggest that exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of chlorfenapyr can alter the haematological indices of non-target organisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: α-tocopherol is an antioxidant which protects tissues from oxidative stress via inhibition of free radicals production and lipid peroxidation after exposure to tissue toxicants. The potassium bromate is a food additive which causes toxic effects on tissues through generation of reactive oxygen species and impairment of antioxidant system. The current study was aimed to assess the mitigating activity of α-tocopherol on adverse effects of potassium bromate on haematological parameters and hepatic function markers in rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty Wistar rats were equally grouped into four (1-4) and respectively administered with distilled water, α-tocopherol (50mg/kg), potassium bromate (25mg/kg) and α-tocopherol (50mg/kg) + potassium bromate (25mg/kg) for twenty eight days. Blood sample of study animals was collected and employed for haematological and hepatic fucntion analysis. Results: The findings of this study showed that exposure to potassium bromate causes adverse effect on haematological parameters (erythrocyte count, haematocrit, haemoglobin, platelet count, neutrophil count, leucocyte count, lymphocyte count and monocyte count) and markers of hepatic function (ALP, ALT and AST) in the study animals. However, co-treatment with α-tocopherol showed significant mitiagtion on the adverse effect of the potassium bromate exposure. Conclusion: The potency of α-tocopherol as an antioxidant demonstrated its efficacy in mitigating the adverse effects of potassium bromate on haematological parameters and markers of hepatic tissue function. Hence, α-tocopherol may provide a possible solution to tissue toxicities mediated by exposure to potassium bromate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study examines the effects of different levels of marjoram Origanum majorana extract (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 %) on growth performance and haematological parameters in diets of common carp Cyprinus carpio. Four units of the Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) were used. Each unit had three plastic tanks (30×30×60 cm), representing four treatments with three replicates, each tank containing ten fish with an average weight of 16.31 + 0.02g - 16.48 + 0.10. Fingerlings were fed at a rate of 3% of the total fish weight. All diets contained an average of 33.89 ± 0.067 % crude protein and about 20.32±0.16 (kJ/g) of gross energy. Fish are fed twice daily, six days a week. The study lasted eight weeks (56 days) during November and December 2021. According to our findings, a group of fish fed 1.5% marjoram extract had the highest rate of final body weight, daily weight increase, relative growth rate, specific growth rate, food conversion ratio, and feed conversion efficiency. The 1.5 % marjoram extract treatment had the highest rate of total protein 5.68+ 0.84 g/dl, albumin 4.48+ 0.48 g/dl, globulin 1.17+ 0.54g/dl and 3.82 + 0.51% albumin/globulin. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the use of 1.5 % O. majorana extract was best for growth, and blood profile. The results suggest that the inclusion of O. majorana can improve the nutrient efficiency, growth performance, and haematological parameter of C. carpio fingerlings without negative effects on the fish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study was conducted in crossbred calves for a period of 90 days to evaluate the effect of soy protein isolate based milk replacer feeding on digestibility of nutrients and haematobiochemical parameters. Twelve, four-day-old crossbred calveswere selected from University Livestock Farm and Fodder Research and Development Scheme (ULF & FRDS), Mannuthy and were allotted to one of the two dietary treatments. The dietary treatments were T1 (Control) fed with whole milk and T2-fed with soy protein isolate based milk replacer (CP-22 per cent) and milk in the ratio 3:1. To all the experimental animals, calf starter (CP-23 per cent) and adlibitum green grass were offered and were fed according to ICAR (2013). Daily record of quantity of feed (calf starter and milk replacer) andgrass given and balance if any were recorded throughout the experimental period. A digestibility trial for five days duration was carried out towards the end of feeding trial by total collection method. The results revealed similar apparent digestibility of nutrients and haematobiochemical parameters for whole milk and milk replacer fed group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Egyptian Journal of Experimental Biology (Zoology) is the property of Egyptian Society of Experimental Biology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this investigation was to study the impact of sublethal concentration of heavy metal on the haematological indices of Mystus vittatus after 96 hours of exposure to copper sulphate. Significant increases in RBC counts, Hb percent, PCV, MCHC, and neutrophil count were observed in copper-exposed fish, but significant decreases in monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils percent, as well as significant decreases in Leucocytes, Lymphocytes and Neutrophils counts were observed. This study shows that even low concentrations of heavy metals in freshwater bodies can cause stress and have harmful impacts on fish physiology, metabolism, and immune system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this investigation was to study the impact of sublethal concentration of heavy metal on the haematological parameters of Channa punctata after 96 hours of exposure to cadmium chloride. In cadmium exposed fish, significant decrease in RBC counts, Hb %, PCV, MCHC and lymphocytes count whereas increase in monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils percent, as well as significant decrease in Leucocytes, Lymphocytes and Neutrophils counts were observed. The result of this study reveals that the presence of heavy metals in fresh water bodies, even at low concentrations, can led to stress and have negative effects on fish physiology, metabolism and also its immune system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experiments were performed to evaluate the haematological (erythrocyte and leucocyte parameters) response of West African Dwarf goats following oestrus synchronisation and superovulation protocol. Twenty-four clinically healthy female goats aged 2.34 ± 0.4 years and average body weight of 13.83 ± 0.7 kg was used for the experiment. The goats were divided into two groups. Group I goats were synchronized using controlled internal drug release (CIDR) for 18 days with the first day of insertion as day 0. On day 16 following CIDR insertion into the vagina, a single dose of 500 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) was administered to each doe intramuscularly while group II served as the control was subjected to the same housing and environmental conditions but was not synchronized.Superovulation was induced with porcine follicle stimulating hormone (pFSH) which was injected intramuscularly at a rate of 5mg/kg in reducing doses twice a day at 06.00 h and 18.00 h for 3 days starting from 48hr i.e., 2 days before CIDR removal (day 17). A blood sample of 5 mL was collected by jugular venipuncture of each of the goats before the protocol (Day 0) and at the end of the protocol (Day 18). All erythrocyte parameters evaluated showed a significantly higher value in group II (control) compared to group I post-oestrus synchronisation while total leucocyte count, neutrophil count and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio values obtained after the protocol were higher in group I (P < 0.05) compared to group II (control). It was therefore concluded that oestrus synchronisation and superovulation may elicit stress in West African Dwarf goats and an appropriate antioxidant should be part of the protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Synbiotic products are functional foods/feeds that contain both probiotic and prebiotic strains and have health-promoting effects beyond those of probiotics or prebiotics alone., Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of synbiotic feed containing the probiotic strain Lactobacillus acidophilus La5 (10 12 cfu/g) and inulin (5%) on changes in haematological and oxidative serum indices in male dogs., Methods: Twelve male dogs in two groups of six were included in the study. In addition to the basic feed, the dogs in the treatment group also received the synbiotic supplement at 5% in each of their three meals during 29 days. Then, on Day 0 and Day 29, the amount of malondialdehyde was measured based on thiobarbituric acid, and glutathione peroxidase activity and the amount of total serum antioxidants was also measured with the Randox kit; the obtained data were statistically analysed., Results: The results showed that white blood cells increased (from 10.28 ± 2.89 to 16.48 ± 7.59 [p = 0.138]) and red blood cells decreased (from 6.492 ± 0.64 to 5.92 ± 1.14 [p = 0.461]) in the treatment group, but these changes were not significant. In the treatment group, it was found that synbiotic food has a significant effect on the increase of MCH (from 24.32 ± 0.93 to 26.30 ± 1.04 pg [p = 0.003]) and MCHC (from 33.24 ± 0.32 to 36.58 ± 0.72 g/dL [p < 0.001]), but it does not have a significant effect on the decrease or increase of other haematological factors. Also, significant reductions in the amount of malondialdehyde (from 3.2 ± 1.05 to 1.35 ± 1.05 µmol/L [p = 0.015]) and increases in the number of total serum antioxidants (from 0.27 ± 0.06 to 0.42 ± 0.09 mmol/L [p = 0.035]) were obtained in the treatment group., Conclusion: It concluded that the consumption of synbiotic feed (L. acidophilus + inulin, at the rate of 5%) in male dogs may reduce and prevent oxidative stress, adjust side effects and prevent some disorders. In any case, many studies are needed to definitively prove these results., (© 2025 The Author(s). Veterinary Medicine and Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of ammonia toxicity on the growth and hematology of Clarias gariepinus. The mean weight gain of fish 1.52 ± 0.3 g was investigated under laboratory conditions at static bioassay for 96 h and 14 days, respectively. Five treatments of 96 h median lethal concentration LC50 were used, namely, T0 (0.00 g·l−1), T1 (0.40 g·l−1), T2 (0.60 g·l−1), T3 (0.80 g·l−1) and T4 (1.00 g·l−1), and each of these treatment concentrations was replicated three times for both toxicity exposures. The results clearly revealed that 96 h median lethal concentration (LC50) at treatments T4 (4.00), T3 (3.00), T2 (2.00) and T0 (0.00) g·l−1 gave an average mean value of 3.02 ± 0.02 g·l−1 with upper and lower limits of 6.28 and 1.42 g·l−1, respectively. The overall percentage mortality showed more than 71% of fish mortality at T4. Values for the 14-day sub-acute exposures to ammonia concentrations of T4 (1.00), T3 (0.80), T2 (0.60) and control (0.00) g·l−1 were also obtained. Growth indices indicated significant decreases (P

Aiming to determine the variability and co-variability of daily production traits and biochemical as well as haematological parameters, blood and milk were taken from 25 Holstein cows during a three-month period, on a monthly basis. Thereby differences in analysed parameters due to the animal’s health status (acidosis or ketosis risk or normal health status; defined accordingly to fat/protein ratio) were determined. According to the statistical analysis, the co-variability level varied depending on the set of the analysed traits (from negligible to strong). The determined differences between the analysed biochemical and haematological parameters due to the animal's health status were not statistically significant. The obtained results indicate that the analysed biochemical and haematological parameters cannot be used as accurate indicators of acidosis prevalence, while for indication of ketosis prevalence, glucose and urea content in blood, sedimentation after 24 hours, as well as protein and iron content in milk, could be used. Furthermore, test-day records could be used as a valuable indicator of the prevalence risk of metabolic disorders (acidosis/ketosis) but for unambiguous detection in animals with the indication of a prevalence risk, other diagnostic methods should be used.

Background: Reports describing demographics, clinical characteristics, hospital course, morbidity, and mortality in patients in the Indian setting have been published, but they are based on limited numbers of cases. The present study among the patients with known outcomes enabled us to better understand the disease process and progression of COVID-19 cases and to correlate the factors affecting the outcome. Methods: This was a record-based, retrospective observational study of patients admitted to COVID-19 Hospital. We have retrieved medical records for all the hospitalized patients with a laboratory confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis with a known outcome (discharged or died) between April 1, 2020 and February 28, 2021. The extracted data included basic demographics, signs and symptoms, duration of hospitalization, and laboratory parameters. Categorical variables were analysed using either the chisquare test or Fisher's exact test. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: The mean age of severe and moderate patients was 38.71 years, compared to 34.95 years for mild patients. No gender difference was observed for the severe/moderate, and mild cases. The mortality rate among severe/moderate cases was 11.6%, whereas it was 3.9% in mild patients. Laboratory parameters which were significantly (p < 0.05) raised among the dead compared to discharged patients included CT score, D-dimer, CRP, ALT, AST, and alkaline phosphatase. Conclusion: Clinical and laboratory characteristics reflect the pathophysiology of disease and thus help clinicians recognise the severity of medical illness. They also facilitate the creation of management protocols for clinical care that results in improvement in patient related outcomes.