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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by hyperplasia of fibro-blast-like synoviocytes (FLSs), in part due to apoptosis resistance. Adrenomedullin, an anti-apoptotic peptide, is secreted more by RA than osteoarthritis FLSs. Adrenomedullin binds to a heterodimeric functional receptor, of calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CRLR) coupled with a receptor activity-modifying protein-2 (RAMP-2), which is also overexpressed by rheumatoid synoviocytes. Since adrenomedullin decreases RA FLS apoptosis, possibly contributing to the development of pannus, study of adrenomedullin and its receptor genes might reveal a linkage and association in French Caucasian RA trio families.Within each of 100 families, one RA-affected patient and both parents underwent genotyping for polymorphisms of adrenomedullin, CRLR and RAMP-2, by PCR-restricted fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP) or Taqman 5' allelic discrimination assay. Statistical analysis relied on the transmission disequilibrium test, the affected family-based controls and the genotype relative risk. Haplotypes of CRLR were inferred, and linkage and association studies were performed.No significant transmission disequilibrium or association between the three genes and RA was observed. CRLR haplotypes revealed two major haplotypes, but no significant linkage with RA.Our findings provided no significant linkage or association of adrenomedullin and CRLR-RAMP-2 genes with RA in the studied trio families. The two CRLR polymorphisms rs3771076 and rs3771084 should be investigated in larger samples.

The objective of this paper is to design and validate a method for tele-operating (from an expert site) an echographic examination in an isolated site where the patient stays. A dedicated robotic arm (ESTELE) holding a real ultrasound probe is remotely controlled from the expert site with a fictive probe, and reproduces on the real probe all the movements of the expert hand. The isolated places, are areas with reduced medical facilities, secondary hospitals 20 to 100 km from the main hospital in Europe, dispensaries in Africa, Amazonia, the a rescue vehicles. ESTELE was tested on 87 adults and 29 pregnant with ISDN or satellite lines. During fetal tele-operated echography the expert was able to perform appropriate views of the fetal structures in 95% of the cases. During exploration of adult abdomen the expert visualized the main organs in 87% of the cases. Presently the ESTELE system is installed in 4 secondary hospitals, 40 to 100 km from our university hospital and tele-operated daily by our staff. Robotized tele-echography provide similar information as direct examination. No false diagnostic was reported. Moreover the patients were examined by an expert from the university hospital while staying in the Medical center proximal to their home.

to design and validate a method for tele-operating (from an expert site) an echographic examination in an isolated site where the patient stays.A dedicated robotic arm (ESTELE) holding a real ultrasound probe is remotely controlled from the expert site with a fictive probe, and reproduces on the real probe all the movements of the expert hand. The isolated places, are areas with reduced medical facilities, (secondary hospitals 20 to 100 km from the main hospital in Europ, dispensaries in Africa, Amazonia, the a rescue vehicles....ESTELE was tested on 87 adults and 29 pregnant with ISDN or satellite lines. During fetal tele-operated echography the expert was able to perform appropriate views of the fetal structures in 95% of the cases. During exploration of adult abdomen the expert visualized the main organs in 87% of the cases. Presently the ESTELE system is installed in 4 secondary hospitals, 40 to 100 km from our University Hospital and tele-operated daily by our staff.Robotized tele-echography provide similar information as direct examination. No false diagnostic was reported. Moreover the patients were examined by an expert from the University Hospital while staying in the Medical center proximal to their home.

It is shown that the onset temperature and the magnitude of thermal events observed during DSC analyses of alpha-lactose monohydrate can be strongly affected by various treatments such as ageing, manual grinding and preheating (cycle of preliminary dehydration and rehydration). In the case of grinding and preheating, the change of dehydration pathways was further investigated by using a suitable combination of characterization techniques, including X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) performed with a synchrotron source (allowing an accurate Rietveld analysis), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), laser particle size measurements, FTIR spectroscopy and (1)H NMR for the determination of beta-lactose contents in samples. It appeared that the dehydration mechanism is affected not only by a smaller particle size distribution, but also by residual anisotropic lattice distortions and by the formation of surface defects or high energy surfaces. The fusion-recrystallization process occurring between anhydrous forms of alpha-lactose at ca. 170 degrees C is not significantly affected by grinding, whereas a preheating treatment induces an unexpected large increase of the enthalpy associated with this transition. Our observations and interpretations confirm the important role of water molecules in the crystal cohesion of the title compound and illustrate the necessity to consider the history of each sample for a satisfactory understanding of the physical properties and the behaviour of this important pharmaceutical excipient.

Semantic dementia (SD) is a syndrome of progressive loss of semantic knowledge for objects and people. International criteria propose that SD be included in the frontotemporal lobar degeneration syndromes, with progressive non-fluent aphasia and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). However, several related syndromes have been defined that clinically and conceptually share both similarities and differences with SD: fluent progressive aphasia, progressive prosopagnosia, temporal variant of FTD. In order to establish a French consensus for the diagnosis and modalities of evaluation and follow-up of SD, a working group, composed of neurologists, neuropsychologists and speech-therapists, was established by the Groupe de réflexion sur les évaluations cognitives (GRECO). New criteria were elaborated, based on clinical, neuropsychological, and imaging data. They define typical and atypical forms of SD. A diagnosis of typical SD relies on an isolated and progressive loss of semantic knowledge, attested by a deficit of word comprehension and a deficit of objects and/or people identification, with imaging showing temporal atrophy and/or hypometabolism. SD is atypical if the deficit of semantic knowledge is present only within a single modality (verbal versus visual), or if non-semantic deficits (mild and not present at onset) and/or neurological signs, are associated with the semantic loss.

This paper focuses on the effect of geometrical confinement on the structruring of a semidilute polyelectrolyte solution in a thin film geometry. Studying poly-N-[tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl] acrylamide-co-2acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate (PTRIS-co-AMPS) with different degrees of charge allows a deeper insight into the ion distribution around the polymer chains. Results from atomic force microscopy (AFM) force-distance measurements in films are compared with results from small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) in bulk. It is found that the characteristic lengths obtained from force oscillation measured by AFM, such as the intermediate chain distance (mesh size) and the correlation length, correlate well with those obtained from the structure peak measured by SAXS. In the direction perpendicular to the film surface, both length scales of the meshlike structure, i.e., the average chain distance and the correlation length, are not influenced by the geometrical confinement. The dependencies of force period and decay length on the polymer charge are analyzed in detail and related to the counterion distribution in the solutions. A new model for counterion condensation is proposed, in which the condensed ions are not fixed on the polyion chains and can exchange freely with the free ions. However, there is still a length scale beyond which the ion condensation theory of Manning and Oosawa is valid. Results from conductivity measurements support the proposed model.

We present a new microfluidic packaging dedicated to planar patch-clamp on silicon chip. The device allows the handling of living cells for typically 30 to 40 minutes including the steps of fluidic circulation, drug dispense and electrical measurement. This device is a tool for drug screening allowing parallel ion channel behaviour analysis. Combining microfabrication processes and a relevant microfluidic structure, we aim to increase the measurements throughput. In this paper, we focus on the technological choices required by the integration of the cells in a lab on chip. Materials have to be biocompatible and inert in a biological environment. Moreover, we show a novel modular assembly that allows the integration of electrodes on chips and eases the connexion of fluidic reservoirs. Our recent results demonstrate the efficiency of the system towards the gold standard patch-clamp technique. We recently recorded in whole-cell configuration the blockage by Iberiotoxin of BK channels stably expressed in HEK cells. This results show the ability of our system to provide the data needed by pharmaceutical industry to assess the efficiency or the toxicity of new drugs specifically targeting ion channels.

We are reporting the case of a 39-year-old male, without notable previous history except for an important alcoholic and tobacco consumption, who suffered a bicycle accident resulting in a minor wound on the left elbow. The neglected wound evolved extremely rapidly towards a necrotizing fasciitis, which underwent further complications consisting of a heat shock and multivisceral failure that necessitated reanimation procedures. The patient benefited a triple antibiotic therapy (amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ornidazole and levofloxacin) and an extensive surgical debridement. The progression was then slow but favourable. The patient is now in functional reeducation. This observation illustrates the rate of evolution of the lesions caused by necrotizing fasciitis and reminds on the importance of prompt therapy.

Population differentiation is a crucial step in the speciation process and is therefore a central subject in studies of microevolution. Assessing divergence and inferring its dynamics in space and time generally require a wide array of markers. Until now however, most studies of population structure are based on molecular markers and those concerning morphological traits are more scarce. In the present work, we studied morphological differentiation among populations of the ground beetle Carabus solieri, and tested its congruence with genetic population structure. The shape of pronotum and aedeagus was assessed using Dual Axis Fourier Shape Analysis. manova on Fourier coefficients revealed highly significant morphological variation between populations and a similar geographical pattern of differentiation for both structures. On the whole, morphological and genetic patterns were also found to be congruent. Our analysis confirms the phylogeographical scenario proposing that two entities of C. solieri differentiated during the last glaciation events before recolonizing the actual range of the species. It also indicates a large introgression between the two differentiated entities in the centre of the range.

Summary This study investigates the effects of sporting and physical activities practice on imprisoned women's health behaviours. The results prove that the practice of sporting and physical activities is linked with a feeling of well-being and a better balanced diet.

to estimate from phantom measurements the radiation dose and the accuracy of helical ct pelvimetry.Eight helical CT acquisitions using different tube current (100, 50, 25 or 10mAs) and pitch factor (1.125 or 1.375) settings but identical collimation (2mm) and kilovoltage (120 kVp) were evaluated using a four-channel MDCT scanner and compared with conventional CT pelvimetry including a single scout and two transverse images. A plexiglas phantom combined with an ionization chamber was used to calculate the CTDIw and DLP for each acquisition. Then, an ex vivo phantom of bony pelvis was used to evaluate the accuracy of helical acquisitions for the measurement of pelvic diameters (i.e. the antero-posterior inlet, the transverse inlet and the interspinous distance). Reconstructions of helical acquisitions were performed using 2D MPR, 3D MIP and 3D SSD algorithms.CTDIw and DLP of conventional pelvimetry were 26 mGy and 42 mGy.cm respectively. The radiation dose of helical acquisitions decreased linearly with tube current (CTDIw: from 13 to 1.3 mGy, DLP: from 218.3 to 18.7 mGy.cm). Compared to conventional CT, the dose was nearly similar at 25 mAs and reduced at 10 mAs. Helical acquisitions provided accurate measurements of pelvic diameters with a pitch of 1.125 and a 2D MPR algorithm to evaluate the AP inlet and a 3D MIP algorithm to evaluate the transverse inlet and the interspinous distance. Variations of tube current did not influence the accuracy of pelvic diameter measurement.Our results suggest that accurate low-dose helical CT pelvimetry using 10-25 mAs and a pitch factor of 1.125 combined with 2D MPR and 3D MIP reconstructions is possible.

Analysis of genetic isolation by distance (IBD) is of prime importance for the study of processes responsible for spatial population genetic structure and is thus frequently used in case studies. However, the identification of a significant IBD pattern does not necessarily imply the absence of sharp discontinuities in gene frequencies. Therefore, identifying barriers to gene flow and/or secondary contact between differentiated entities remains a major challenge in population biology. Geographical genetic structure of 41 populations (1080 individuals) of an alpine insect species, Carabus solieri, was studied using 10 microsatellite loci. All populations were significantly differentiated and spatially structured according to IBD over the entire range. However, clustering analyses clearly identified three main clusters of populations, which correspond to geographical entities. Whereas IBD also occurs within each cluster, population structure was different according to which group of populations was considered. The southernmost cluster corresponds to the most fragmented part of the range. Consistently, it was characterized by relatively high levels of differentiation associated with low genetic diversity, and the slope of the regression of genetic differentiation against geographical distances was threefold those of the two other clusters. Comparisons of within-cluster and between-cluster IBD patterns revealed barriers to gene flow. A comparison of the two approaches, IBD and clustering analyses, provided us with valuable information with which to infer the phylogeography of the species, and in particular to propose postglacial colonization routes from two potential refugia located in Italy and in southeastern France. Our study highlights strongly the possible confounding contribution of barriers to gene flow to IBD pattern and emphasizes the utility of the model-based clustering analysis to identify such barriers.

Despite the existence of a number of published results, the data on the solubility of carbon in alpha iron are still inaccurate. An analysis of published experimental results shows that available values vary greatly (between 50 and 100 ppm by wt, for example, at 600 °C). These discrepancies make it difficult to optimize the metallurgical processes of low-carbon or ultralow-carbon alloys. An experimental methodology, using the measurement of the thermo-electric power (TEP) of the alloy, was set up. This enabled us to deduce the quantity of free interstitials in the matrix by measuring the amount of interstitials which segregate on dislocations after a deformation of the sample. This technique was used in the case of an Al-killed steel containing 0.2 pct Mn. The limit of solubility of carbon was determined with a precision of ±2 ppm between 550 °C and 730 °C. This limit of solubility can be analytically described by the relation C(wt pct)=6.63 exp (−11.8kcal·mol −1/RT), which is shown to be valid only for temperatures above 400 °C. We show experimentally that the residual concentration of carbon at low temperature is much greater than the value predicted by the extrapolation of this relation. Complementary studies on steels with various C and Mn contents allow us to verify the validity of the proposed methodology.

This paper introduces the "Gendercheck Editor", a tool to check German texts for gender discriminatory formulations. It relays on shallow rule-based techniques as used in the Controlled Language Authoring Technology (CLAT). The paper outlines major sources of gender imbalances in German texts. It gives a background on the underlying CLAT technology and describes the marking and annotation strategy to automatically detect and visualize the questionable pieces of text. The paper provides a detailed evaluation of the editor.

National audience; In spite of an extensive bibliography available, the solubility limit of carbon in ferrite is still uncertain (between 50 and 100 ppm at 600°C for example), and this is not sufficient for the improvement of steel processing. Therefore we have tried to establish as accurately as possible the solubility of carbon between 500 and 750°C in a low carbon aluminium killed steel using a thermoelectric power protocol, which enables to calculate the amount of free interstitials in a ferritic matrix from the amount of interstitials that segregate on dislocations after strain. The solubility limit has been determined at 2 ppm between 550 and 730°C, and described by the relation: C(p.c.wt) = 6.63 exp(-11.8 kcal/mol/RT). At a time when metallurgical phenomena are more and more simulated, we believe that a similar procedure should be used for other experimental studies providing basic data for modelling.

In this work, the solubility of natural and synthetic antioxidants in supercritical carbon dioxide is determined by a dynamic method in the pressure range 130–250 bar at 308.1–333.1 K. The compounds considered are ascorbic acid, ascorbyl palmitate, gallic acid, propyl gallate, lauryl gallate, α-tocopherol acid succinate and butyl hydroxyl anisole. The experimental data are correlated using the Peng–Robinson equation of state, and the solute properties are estimated by group contribution methods.

1. Abstract Solubility data of biological compounds taken from literature are considered in this work. Different thermodynamic models based on cubic equations of state and UNIFAC are used in the correlation of experimental data. Interaction parameters are obtained by group contribution approach in order to establish correlations suitable for the prediction of the solid solubility.

•La difficulte pour un patient algique, qui plus est dans une tranche d’âge superieure a la quarantaine, est de se retrouver avec des restrictions d’aptitudes voire une intolerance a certains aspects de son travail. Sa difficulte egalement reside dans le fait qu’il se trouve devant le choix cornelien de souffrir sur son poste ou de perdre son emploi pour cause d’inaptitude medicale. Or, l’on constate souvent que pris a temps, c’est-a-dire le plus en amont possible de la deterioration de la sante du salarie, des solutions de reclassement ou de reconversion ou tout simplement de reamenagement du poste de travail permettent d’eviter ces situations.

Background and Aim Bilateral surgery was formerly advocated in premature boys with unilateral inguinal hernia to avoid a metachronous contralateral hernia and the risks of recurrent anesthesia. But the recent progress in pediatric anesthesia and the demonstrated morbidity of herniotomy during the neonatal period on fertility now question this attitude. We aimed to compare the morbidity of preventive bilateral vs elective unilateral herniotomy in premature boys with unilateral hernia and to evaluate the incidence of contralateral metachronous hernia. Methods Retrospective multicenter analysis of 966 premature boys presenting with unilateral inguinal hernia. 558 infants benefited from unilateral herniotomy and 408 from bilateral herniotomy with a median follow up of 20 months. Results The rate of contralateral metachronous hernia after unilateral surgery was 11% (10% on right vs 13% on left). Morbidity on the contralateral side was higher in case of preventive bilateral surgery than in metachronous hernia (2% vs 0.2% p=0.003), especially for testicular hypotrophy (0.70% vs 0.18 %, p= 0.3) and secondary cryptorchidism (1% vs 0%, p=0.03) Comparison between the type anesthesias (general anesthesia versus central block) did not show significant differences depending on the type of care (unilateral or bilateral, planned or emergency). Conclusion Systematic bilateral herniotomy is unnecessary in almost 90% of patients and has a higher morbidity than secondary surgery for metachronous hernia. These results, along with the risk of deferential damage and hypofertility reported in later adulthood, justify treating only the symptomatic side in premature boys.

Introduction Parmi les petites tumeurs melanocytiques choroidiennes (T1), on oppose le naevus, benin et frequent, au melanome potentiellement letal. Dans ces formes limites, en l’absence de technique chirurgicale largement acceptable pour l’acquisition d’un fragment tumoral pour analyse histologique, la controverse regne : traiter precocement une tumeur suspecte (iatrogenicite) ou attendre une croissance documentee (retard therapeutique). La performance de l’OCT a mettre en evidence un decollement sereux retinien infra-clinique en fait toute sa valeur. Le decollement sereux retinien clinique etant un facteur de risque de croissance tumorale fort. Objectifs et Methodes Nous proposons ainsi d’evaluer la valeur pronostique du decollement sereux retinien infra-clinique visualise par OCT. Depuis Mai 2006, nous avons inclus de facon prospective et consecutive 50 tumeurs pigmentees suspectes de la choroide d’epaisseurs comprises entre 1 et 3 mm qui necessitaient une surveillance. Le recul moyen est de 18 mois. La biometrie tumorale s’appuie sur l’echographie (masquee) et sur les cliches photographiques (rouges). Le protocole d’analyse OCT est specifique a cette etude, a la recherche d’un unique signe simple : le decollement sereux retinien. Resultats Dans cette serie, 17/50 (35 %) tumeurs presentent un decollement sereux retinien. Les modalites topographiques du decollement sereux retinien semblent etre regies par l’emplacement tumoral et la pesanteur. Dans le groupe sans decollement sereux retinien, nous n’observons pas de croissance. A l’oppose, une croissance tumorale est observee pour certaines tumeurs du groupe avec decollement sereux retinien. Apres analyse des 2 groupes initialement comparables en terme d’epaisseur et diametre, il existe une difference de croissance statistiquement significative, mais cette difference moyenne ne parait pas cliniquement significative. Enfin et surtout, la quasi-totalite 6/7 (85 %) des tumeurs finalement traitees presentaient initialement un decollement sereux retinien. Discussion Il convient de remarquer que 11/17 (65 %) des tumeurs avec decollement sereux retinien ne montrent pas de croissance cliniquement significative au cours du suivi, ce qui limite la valeur predictive positive de ce test : le decollement sereux retinien n’a pas de valeur diagnostique specifique indiquant une therapeutique. Conclusion La grande sensibilite diagnostique du decollement sereux retinien vu par OCT et sa facilite de realisation en font un potentiel test de depistage pouvant participer a la surveillance des petites tumeurs melanocytiques choroidiennes.

Introduction La controverse opposant le traitement precoce ou differe des petites tumeurs melanocytiques suspectes de la choroide divise les ophtalmologistes. La surveillance rapprochee de toutes ces tumeurs n’est pas envisageable. La presence de liquide sous-retinien est un facteur de risque clinique connu de croissance tumorale. L’Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) est bien plus sensible pour la recherche de plus petits decollements sereux accompagnant de plus petites tumeurs. Une revue de la litterature est proposee. Materiels et Methodes Pendant 12 mois, de maniere prospective et consecutive, on inclut des tumeurs choroidiennes melanocytiques de 1 a 3 mm d’epaisseur. Ces tumeurs sont de diagnostic recent, ne necessitent pas de traitement mais une surveillance. L’OCT est pratique a la recherche de liquide sous-retinien. Les donnees biometriques sont acquises par echographie par un operateur unique et entraine. Le critere principal est la modification du volume tumoral en fonction de la presence de liquide sous-retinien. Resultats Trente-cinq tumeurs sont ainsi controlees avec un recul moyen de 221 jours. 6/35 (17 %) necessitent un traitement (Protontherapie). Dans cette serie, les tumeurs accompagnees de liquide sous-retinien sont plus frequemment croissantes, elles ont une plus grande croissance observee en epaisseur, en diametre et en volume. De plus, la difference entre les deux groupes est statistiquement significative en ce qui concerne l’epaisseur et le volume. Discussion En depit de resultats interessants, cette etude met en lumiere differents problemes rencontres dans les travaux similaires : le critere principal (croissance ou traitement) et l’estimation du volume tumoral. Le « liquide sous-retinien vu par OCT » n’est pas strictement equivalent au « liquide sous-retinien clinique ». La sensibilite est superieure, mais la specificite n’est pas connue. La strategie diagnostique doit utiliser ces deux signes de maniere distincte pour eviter des diagnostics de malignite inappropries. Conclusion L’OCT, qui etait encore de peu d’interet en onco-ophtalmologie, trouve ici sa place dans l’evaluation des petites tumeurs melanocytiques choroidiennes indeterminees au cote de la biomicroscopie, de l’echographie et de l’angiographie. L’OCT necessite encore d’etre evaluee. L’OCT peut representer un test de depistage nous permettant de planifier le rythme de surveillance de ces tumeurs frequentes.

Introduction Le diagnostic differentiel entre naevus et petit melanome choroidien est difficile. La surveillance biometrique par echographie est l’outil principal. Un decollement sereux de la retine (DSR) est retrouve plus frequemment sur les melanomes. On se propose d’evaluer l’examen par OCT dans l’estimation du potentiel evolutif des petites tumeurs indeterminees. Materiels et Methodes On inclut consecutivement depuis 6 mois les patients porteurs d’une tumeur melanocytique choroidienne indeterminee de decouverte recente ( Observation Sur 28 patients inclus au 1er decembre 2006, 4 presentent un melanome croissant au cours du suivi. Ces 4 globes portent initialement un DSR pretumoral, peri-tumoral et peripherique inferieur. La macula est soulevee inconstamment. 1 patient presente une tumeur croissante au cours du suivi, non traitee, elle s’accompagne initialement d’un DSR pre-tumoral et peri-tumoral. 4 patients portent une tumeur stable : un seul DSR, de situation pre-tumorale. Parmi les 19 patients en cours de suivi, on remarque 14 globes sans DSR et 5 globes avec un DSR : 4/5 pretumoral, 3/5 peri-tumoral, 3/5 maculaire, 1/5 de la retine peripherique inferieure. Discussion En accord avec la litterature, le DSR visible en OCT accompagne plus souvent les tumeurs malignes. Mais un naevus du pole posterieur peut s’accompagner d’un DSR maculaire. La topographie de ce DSR est un element encore non decrit en OCT. L’OCT est un examen interessant dans la discussion du traitement precoce des petites tumeurs melanocytiques choroidiennes presentant des criteres cliniques de risque evolutif. Ces criteres sont imparfaits et non modifies depuis 15 ans. Conclusion La recherche de la presence et la topographie d’un DSR en OCT dans un œil porteur d’une petite tumeur melanocytique choroidienne est un examen non invasif qui parait sensible. L’OCT semble interessante dans le depistage des tumeurs a haut potentiel evolutif, pour indiquer une surveillance echographique rapprochee.

Introduction Les troubles progressifs du langage font habituellement rechercher 3 syndromes que sont l’APP, l’APP fluente et la DS. Nous rapportons l’observation d’un patient ayant un trouble du langage dans le cadre d’une probable DCB. Observation Cas n° 06/2018. Un homme de 73 ans, droitier, consulta au sein d’un centre memoire pour une plainte mnesique, de langage et une gene recente a l’utilisation de sa main droite lorsqu’il jouait au golf. L’interrogatoire revela l’existence d’un trouble du langage, sous forme d’un manque du mot, evoluant progressivement et isolement jusqu’alors depuis environ 2 ans. Le retentissement sur l’autonomie semblait recent. L’examen clinique retrouva un syndrome akineto-rigide et une apraxie de la main droite. Le bilan orthophonique confirma le trouble aphasique, peu fluent avec trouble de l’expression et de denomination avec une atteinte moindre de la comprehension tant orale qu’ecrite. Le bilan neuropsychologique montra des troubles praxiques ideatoire, ideomoteurs et constructifs, une acalculie, des troubles visuo-spatiaux et des troubles executifs predominants sur la flexibilite mentale et la vitesse de traitement de l’information. Il y avait des troubles de memoire de travail alors que la memoire episodique et semantique n’etait pas alteree. Il n’y avait pas de troubles du comportement. L’IRM montra une atrophie parietale et perisylvienne gauches. La TEMP montra une hypoperfusion significative des lobes parietal, temporal et a moindre degre frontal gauches. Discussion Les troubles du langage sont maintenant bien connus dans la DCB. L’atteinte initiale peut faire evoquer retrospectivement le diagnostic syndromique d’une aphasie progressive primaire non fluente. La litterature recente fait etat de l’existence d’« overlap » syndromique entre APP et DCB. Notre observation confirme ces donnees tant par l’evolution clinique que par les donnees de l’imagerie morphologique et fonctionnelle. Conclusion L’existence d’un trouble progressif du langage peut correspondre a une forme de DCB a debut cognitif. La litterature recente semble indiquer qu’il peut s’agir sur le plan histologique des lesions de DCB, de MA ou de Pick.

Introduction Nous rapportons un cas de conjonctivite purulente bilaterale compliquee de perforation oculaire droite sur abces marginal corneen d’evolution fulminante chez un jeune homme de 29 ans. Materiels et Methodes Le patient souffrait egalement d’une uretrite contractee lors d’un rapport sexuel non protege avec une prostituee 3 semaines auparavant en Thailande. Les prelevements bacteriologiques conjonctivaux et urinaires ont permis d’isoler une souche de Neisseria gonorrhoeae resistante aux penicillines, aux tetracyclines et aux fluoroquinolones. L’evolution a ete favorable au prix d’une antibiotherapie parenterale de 15 jours imipeneme et fosfomycine a hautes doses. Une greffe de cornee a ete effectuee secondairement apres 3 mois. Discussion Notre observation illustre bien les problemes poses par la conjonctivite a gonocoque de l’adulte. Extremement rare dans nos pays developpes, elle reste largement meconnue des ophtalmologistes. Il s’agit d’une maladie sexuellement transmissible resultant le plus souvent d’une auto inoculation par manuportage a partir d’une infection genitale preexistante. Conclusion La survenue potentielle d’abces corneens marginaux d’evolution fulminante fait toute la gravite de cette affection et justifie un traitement antibiotique parenteral et une surveillance hospitaliere.

Objectifs Aide a l’apprentissage de la semiologie radiologique thoracique. Materiels et methodes Il s’agit d’un cours didactique sur CD-Rom a l’intention des etudiants en medecine de 3 e annee. Il a pour but de permettre a l’etudiant de connaitre la technique, les criteres de qualite, la radio-anatomie et les principaux syndromes de la radiologie thoracique de facon plus ludique. La radiographie de thorax est l’examen le plus prescrit et tous les medecins en formation et quelle que soit leur future specialite seront amenes a analyser des radiographies du thorax. Or c’est aussi un examen difficile a interpreter et une analyse didactique est indispensable. Resultats Ce cours sur Powerpoint permet d’acquerir une demarche d’interpretation, de comprendre et d’analyser la radio-anatomie du thorax sur des cliches et non pas sur des dessins. Il illustre egalement les grands syndromes pathologiques et se termine par un quiz pour permettre a l’etudiant de s’evaluer. Conclusion Le developpement des outils informatiques et l’evolution des techniques nous incite egalement a modifier nos methodes de pedagogie. Ce CD-Rom est destine aux jeunes etudiants, mais il permet egalement aux plus anciens de reviser de facon plus rapide.

Objectifs L’evaluation des doses delivrees au cours des examens de radiologie est devenue une obligation legale mais le recueil systematique du produit dose surface (PDS) peut egalement etre utilise comme controle de qualite en pratique quotidienne dans un service de radiopediatrie. Les auteurs ont pour but de fournir des doses de reference pour les differents examens et d’illustrer par des exemples l’interet d’un tel recueil dans la modification des pratiques d’un service de radiopediatrie. Materiels et methodes Les auteurs ont recueilli sur plusieurs mois les calculs de PDS au cours de differents examens d’imagerie pediatrique et classe leurs resultats en fonction de l’âge et du poids des patients. Ils ont en outre recense l’effet d’une telle mesure sur la modification des conditions de realisation des examens. Resultats Les resultats sont presentes sous la forme de diagramme de PDS par examen et d’exemples concrets de modification des pratiques individuelles et collectives des manipulateurs du service (choix dans la tension et l’amperage, diaphragme, filtres additionnels…). Conclusion L’utilisation du produit dose surface permet d’etablir des doses de reference mais surtout de modifier les pratiques des manipulateurs au sein d’un service de radiologie.

The cochlear implant is a device that is intended to perform the functions usually performed by the Corti organ. Successful application of this method will require close cooperation between the healthcare team and the scientific team responsible for optimizing machine capabilities and developing the technique.

The results obtained with N-methyl-hydroxy-elliptinium acetate (NMHE) in the treatment of 22 assessable adult patients with metastatic renal cancer are reported. According to the WHO criteria, there were 10 responses, including 7 stabilizations, 2 partial remissions (greater than 50%) and one complete and durable remission. Since there is no other effective medical treatment for this type of tumour, and since the protocol used so far appears to have low toxicity and makes it possible to evaluate the value of the drug within 4 to 6 weeks, the trial will be extended in order to determine more precisely (+/- 5%) the degree of effectiveness of NMHE.

Ellipticine and some derivatives are highly cytotoxic substances which kill L1210 cells at concentrations ranging form 10-8 to 10-6 M. Some compounds in this series bind with high affinity to DNA (affinity constant between 107 M -1 and 105 M -1) by intercalation between base pairs. The antitumoral properties of these derivatives are thought to be related to their DNA-binding ability. Both 9-hydroxylation of ellipticine and quaternarization of 2-pyridinic nitrogen tend to increase DNA binding and antitumor activity.

Low-condensation phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins coreacted under alkaline conditions with up to 42% molar urea on phenol during resin preparation yielded PUF resins capable of faster hardening times than equivalent pure PF resins prepared under identical conditions and presented better performance than the latter. The water resistance of the PUF resins prepared seemed comparable to pure PF resins when used as adhesives for wood particleboard. Part of the urea was found by 13C-NMR to be copolymerized to yield the alkaline PUF resin; whereas, especially at the higher levels of urea addition, unreacted urea was still present in the resin. Increase of the initial formaldehyde to phenol molar ratio decreased considerably the proportion of unreacted urea and increased the proportion of PUF resin. A coreaction scheme of phenolic and aminoplastic methylol groups with reactive phenol and urea sites based on previous model compounds work has been proposed, copolymerized urea functioning as a prebranching molecule in the forming, hardened resin network. The PUF resins prepared were capable of further noticeable curing acceleration by addition of ester accelerators; namely, glycerol triacetate (triacetin), to reach gel times as fast as those characteristic of catalyzed aminoplastic resins, but at wet strength values characteristic of exterior PF resins. Synergy between the relative amounts of copolymerized urea and ester accelerator was very noticeable at the lower levels of the two parameters, but this effect decreased in intensity toward the higher percentages of urea and triacetin. 13C-NMR assignements of the relevant peaks of the PUF resins are reported and compared with what has been reported in the literature for mixed, coreacted model compounds and pure PF and urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins. The relative performance of the different PUF resins prepared was checked under different conditions by thermomechanical analysis (TMA) and by preparation of wood particleboard, and the capability of the accelerated PUF resins to achieve press times as fast as those of aminoplastic (UF and others) resins was confirmed. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 74: 359–378, 1999

OBJECTIVE Whether bridging therapy (intravenous thrombolysis [IVT] followed by endovascular treatment) is superior to IVT alone in minor stroke with large vessel occlusion (LVO) is unknown. METHODS Multicentric retrospective observational study including, in intention-to-treat, consecutive IVT-treated minor strokes (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] ≤ 5) with LVO, with or without additional mechanical thrombectomy. Propensity-score (inverse probability of treatment weighting) was used to reduce baseline between-groups differences. The primary outcome was excellent outcome, that is, modified Rankin score 0 to 1 at 3 months follow-up. RESULTS Overall, 598 patients were included (214 and 384 in the bridging therapy and IVT groups, respectively). Following propensity-score weighting, the distribution of baseline clinical and radiological variables was similar across the two patient groups. Compared with IVT alone, bridging therapy was not associated with excellent outcome (odds ratio [OR] = 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.75-1.24; p = 0.76), but was associated with symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (OR = 3.01; 95% CI = 1.77-5.11; p