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Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the competitive source of Chinese firms in an industrial sector of complex product systems. It helps to reveal the organizational innovation developed by Chinese firms in coping with international competition and technological challenges. Design/methodology/approach The study uses a qualitative method of research. The evidences are mainly collected through interviews, field observation and document analysis. Findings A pattern of engineer-centered organization is the source of competitiveness of Nanrui (NR) Electric (NREC) in this study. The firm equips its front project teams, and now its overseas branches with developmental human resources and authorizes them the power of decision-making to leverage R&D projects. It is an emerging challenge to the traditional multi-national companies (MNC) pattern, and enables the Chinese firms to build their capabilities on context-based knowledge. Research limitations/implications As a single-case study paper, there are limitations about the external validity of its argument. Through the in-depth discussion of the NREC case, this paper aims to generate some clues for future study in the relevant academic community, which can be a useful step to formal theorizing and modeling. That is why the authors develop the paper on a single case. As future directions of research, comparative studies covering more cases not only within the power system control and protection industry but also among different complex technology products industrial sectors are really needed. Practical implications For innovative firms from developing countries like China, they need to develop institutional arrangements to incentivize engineers in the frontline, which may help them to build competence upon successful interaction with customers. During the era of globalization, such a pattern may generate special competitiveness over giant multi-nationals or global production networks (GPNs). Originality/value The research provides an instructive case on the Chinese rise in industrial sectors of complex product systems. Its findings can not only provide enlightenment for industrial catch-up in developing countries through organizational innovation but also help to initiate a reconsideration of the traditional theorizing of MNC and GPN.

Purpose Combining a conceptual framework with empirical evidence, this study aims to offer insights into why small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the business-to-business beauty sector switch suppliers, due to pricing considerations. Design/methodology/approach Data gathered from 475 telephone surveys of Spanish hairdressers provide the input for discrete choice models for testing the proposed hypotheses. Findings The SMEs that change suppliers tend to be sensitive to promotions, express less satisfaction with a current supplier’s offerings and serve fewer customers who buy professional products for their in-home use. If SMEs are satisfied with the supplier’s services though, they are less likely to change and more prone to negotiate with that supplier. Research limitations/implications This study does not address why dissatisfied SMEs might remain with their current suppliers. Further research might replicate this study using additional pricing data from suppliers. Practical implications Suppliers in business-to-business (B2B) sectors can leverage these findings to allocate their marketing budgets optimally and establish service strategies that will enable them to retain buyers and reduce their switching risk. Originality/value As an extension of extant literature, this study specifies switching drivers for SMEs in the B2B beauty sector. The findings should apply throughout this worldwide service sector, as well as to similar markets such as health, beauty and personal care and well-being services.

Carpooling and the ride-sharing idea are currently resolving many issues faced by modern societies. The issues regarding the overuse of oil, traffic jams, inefficient use of time, pollution due to overuse of vehicles on the road, and health problems. It is also expected that ride-sharing and carpooling will be more efficient for autonomous vehicles because of their unmanned nature and full-fledged autonomy. When unmanned cars will do the responsibility of carpooling and ride-sharing or car-hailing, many issues regarding booking rides, location sharing, payment handling, and privacy issues must be improved. To cope with these issues, mainly concerning the scheduling of resources, we need effective scheduling techniques to handle all kinds of emotional problems and provide a pollution-free and accident-free environment on autonomous vehicles’ roads. Among other approaches, we feel that Data Science provides a perfect opportunity to leverage machine learning models to classify and see what parameters can encourage people to opt for a move towards connected autonomous vehicles. In this paper, we discuss autonomous vehicles, Vehicle-as-a-Service, and their role in reducing CO2 emissions. The dataset used in this study gives insights into the city of Chicago’s taxi trips. The dataset includes data about taxi trips, their respective duration, and anonymized data about the passengers. We also discuss some studies by a taxonomy that will identify the gap of an optimal incentive mechanism that will influence users to join carpooling in autonomous cars instead of having their vehicles.

Overconfident CEOs speed up (slow down) adjusting firm leverage if it is above (below) target leverage. In addition, overconfident CEOs speed up (slow down) adjusting firm cash holdings if it is below (above) the optimal balance. Our results imply overconfident CEOs are associated with high cash holdings and low leverage. Additional tests suggest that the results do not imply cash and (negative) debt are substitutable. We also find overconfident CEOs sometimes reduce firm leverage unexpectedly. The observation is consistent with the view that overconfident CEOs are strong-willed individuals who dislike being monitored. Thus, besides the tendency to overestimate their ability and underestimate risk, overconfident CEOs are affected by additional aspects of their behavioral traits in decision making.

This article aims to investigate the impact of the international network and social capital on the effectiveness of Muhammadiyah’s emergency response in the 2006 Bantul earthquake. Despite paying more attention to religious and spiritual issues, Muhammadiyah, an Islamic-based social movement, plays a significant role in humanitarian issues. The 2006 earthquake in Bantul devastated public amenities, claimed thousands of people, and caused economic loss. The local government and private sectors of Bantul could not cope with the disaster. The most disaster-affected districts in Bantul Regency were Pundong, Bambanglipuro, and Jetis. Then, Muhammadiyah made an immediate emergency response to help those affected districts. In collaboration with overseas counterparts, Muhammadiyah collected humanitarian assistance. Muhammadiyah might not complete its humanitarian mission without the support of existing local Muhammadiyah in those districts. In other words, Muhammadiyah’s social capital is influential for humanitarian missions. This paper utilized two concepts to elaborate on the effectiveness of Muhammadiyah’s emergency response, namely transnational advocacy networks (TANs) and social capital. Then, this article argues that the higher level of TANs and social capital Muhammadiyah has, the more emergency response it can complete effectively. This paper discovered that three districts had different levels of TANs and social capital. In Pundong, the level of leverage politics (TANs) was higher than social capital. However, both Bambanglipuro and Jetis had a high level of social capital, whereas their leverage politics were low.

The increasing international use of consulting firms in public administration has attracted warnings against diminishing policy capability, accountability and transparency. Whilst significant debates and multiple tensions exist, this article introduces an innovative Australian model which provides scope to harness and balance the strengths of the contributions of consultants and consultancy firms to improve government policy capacity. We argue that advantages exist for engaging Tier 1 consultants provided the conditions are right. Moving past binary debates about whether or not consultants should be used in the public sector, we call for a more nuanced understanding and discussion about how to better leverage expertise, comparative analysis and contestability. Using Wu et al.’s (Policy Soc 34(3–4):165–171, 2015) framework, our pragmatic and sophisticated approach shifts theory and practice on the use of consultants to ensure clarity in the rationale of seeking external advice in order to build or improve policy capacity.

This study uses a multidisciplinary lens to investigate new determinants of the puzzling phenomenon of zero leverage, where firms contain only equity in their capital structure. We draw on insights from entrepreneurship and creativity theories, alongside traditional corporate governance (CG) literature, to reframe the construct of risk-taking and develop the novel construct of rule-taking, which entails compliance with powerful outside parties and current best practices of CG. We hypothesize that risk-taking is associated with a wider wedge of information and costs regarding internal and external financing, leading to a greater likelihood of debt eschewing. Conversely, rule-taking is hypothesized to reduce the range of acceptable choices in the firm, which makes the adoption of the “aberrant” behavior of zero-leverage less likely. Using 9222 firm-observations from 37 countries, the results corroborate our hypotheses, showing a positive (negative) association between risk-taking (rule-taking) and zero leverage. The results are robust to several alternative specifications and matching samples. Our study offers insights to policymakers and investors to clarify the antecedents of zero-leverage behavior as a strategy to deal with the information gap between insiders and outsiders. Our perspective underscores the existence of an inherent communication penalty between an insider and an outsider when the former is performing actions that are non-typical under the oversight of the latter. Thus, by deepening understanding on risk-taking and rule-taking, we provide a more nuanced view of how firms can optimize capital and CG structures, with special implications for the adoption of well-tailored bundles of CG mechanisms under different circumstances.

Research indicates educators benefit from developing Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK), a combination of constructs that inform the design of pedagogically-sound technology-integr...

The taxi aggregator services leverage advantages of digital technologies that connect the provider and consumer. The mobile applications facilitate this online connectivity. The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted consumption of the taxi aggregator services in India due to the lockdown. However, the demand would be increasing as the relaxation would progress. Furthermore, the duopolistic Indian taxi aggregator market is highly competitive. The players would try hard to fulfill the demand for recovery and progress. This exercise would focus on brand loyalty intention for formulating customer retention strategies. Therefore, this study examined role of Efficiency, Privacy, and Contact (E-service Quality) constructs as antecedents to brand loyalty intention. A structured questionnaire was circulated online for collecting the data required for empirical validation of proposed model. Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was used for analyzing 288 responses. The results indicated that Efficiency, Privacy, and Contact influence the brand loyalty intention. Therefore, strategies emphasizing on efficiency, contact, and privacy would help both short-term and long-term customer retention. These strategies would act as a remedy for post-COVID recovery of taxi aggregator service providers.

Recent advances in the field of machine learning have shown great potential for the automatic recognition of apparent human emotions. In the era of Internet of Things and big-data processing, where voice-based systems are well established, opportunities to leverage cutting-edge technologies to develop personalized and human-centered services are genuinely real, with a growing demand in many areas such as education, health, well-being, and entertainment. Automatic emotion recognition from speech, which is a key element for developing personalized and human-centered services, has reached a degree of maturity that makes it of broad commercial interest today. However, there are still major limiting factors that prevent a broad applicability of emotion recognition technology. For example, one open challenge is the poor generalization capabilities of currently used feature extraction techniques to interpret expressions of affect across different persons, contexts, cultures, and languages.

In the past decade, the social and behavioral sciences underwent a methodological revolution, offering practical prescriptions for improving the replicability and reproducibility of research results. One key to reforming science is a simple and scalable practice: pre-registration. Pre-registration constitutes pre-specifying an analysis plan prior to data collection. A growing chorus of articles discusses the prescriptive, field-wide benefits of pre-registration. To increase adoption, however, scientists need to know who currently pre-registers and understand perceived barriers to doing so. Thus, we weigh costs and benefits of pre-registration. Our survey of researchers reveals generational differences in who pre-registers and uncertainty regarding how pre-registration benefits individual researchers. We leverage these data to directly address researchers’ uncertainty by clarifying why pre-registration improves the research process itself. Finally, we discuss how to pre-register and compare available resources. The present work examines the who, why, and how of pre-registration in order to weigh the costs and benefits of pre-registration to researchers and motivate continued adoption. The pre-registration for our "Researcher Survey" was uploaded on 2019-11-27 but not formally registered until 2021-03-26, per a generous reviewer's suggestion in order to increase searchability. The uploaded documents identify when each document was uploaded.

Purpose/objective Teams are a critical part of modern health care, particularly in rehabilitation settings where multiple providers with different backgrounds and training work toward common goals. Rehabilitation psychologists have a legacy of providing leadership and influence for complex teams. Knowledge of interdisciplinary/transdisciplinary systems, leadership within those systems, and consultation across disciplines are foundational competencies for rehabilitation psychologists. Research Method/Design: This paper summarizes the different roles rehabilitation psychologists serve on health care teams and identifies opportunities for improved effectiveness. An overview of leadership theory over time is provided. Results Even when psychologists are not formal team leaders, opportunities exist to leverage team member strengths and encourage the development of leader behaviors across the team in support of good patient care. Conclusions/implications Drawing from the management and organizational development literature, evidence-based suggestions are provided for rehabilitation psychologists seeking to foster healthy team dynamics within and among health care teams. The authors encourage rehabilitation psychologists to use their unique training to facilitate shared leadership on teams that foster and encourage a climate of trust, psychological safety, healthy and productive conflict, along with strong communication practices. These issues became even more salient as teams transitioned to virtual platforms during the pandemic and continue to adapt to hybrid work environments. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Knowledge is widely considered a key ingredient for effective and sustainable water governance. In the Colorado River basin, collaborative programs have been established over the past 50 years to inform decision-making in the basin on a range of concerns from water quality to endangered species recovery and ecosystem restoration. We embrace a knowledge governance perspective to examine the institutional arrangements underpinning the production and use of knowledge in the basin’s collaborative programs. Through a review of programmatic documents and targeted interviews with program participants, we find a recurrent emphasis on science-based decision-making to address specific resource challenges across the programs. Our unpacking of the institutional design of the knowledge governance processes highlights two key challenges: (1) the institutional design has created a federal agency–advisory committee–technical committee triad structure that limits the saliency and legitimacy of diverse interests, as well as credibility of diverse ways of knowing and formalized learning processes and (2) a focus on the river in discrete, fragmented units that hinders a broader view of the river as a system and neglects cross-programmatic learning. These findings question if certain institutional design elements may serve to limit the ability of these programs to address new challenges facing the basin. We outline some potential steps to address these challenges with the aim of building more impactful, collaborative knowledge systems that leverage learning to not only lend saliency, credibility, and legitimacy to broad, inclusive, and diverse ways of knowing but also promote adaptiveness in a rapidly evolving socio-environmental system.

MMP2, a Zn2+-dependent metalloproteinase, is related to cancer and angiogenesis. Inhibition of this enzyme might result in a potential antimetastatic drug to leverage the anticancer drug armory. In silico or computer-aided ligand-based drug design is a method of rational drug design that takes multiple chemometrics (i.e., multi-quantitative structure–activity relationship methods) into account for virtually selecting or developing a series of probable selective MMP2 inhibitors. Though existing matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors have shown plausible pan-matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity, they have resulted in various adverse effects leading to their being rescinded in later phases of clinical trials. Therefore a review of the ligand-based designing methods of MMP2 inhibitors would result in an explicit route map toward successfully designing and synthesizing novel and selective MMP2 inhibitors.

Summary Expanding urbanization affects food biodiversity and broader agrobiodiversity, which are essential nutrition and ecosystem resources for sustainable development but are threatened globally. The increasingly influential nexus of urbanization-agrobiodiversity interactions has not been systematically researched. Here we design an interdisciplinary perspective to identify and understand the bidirectional interactions of agrobiodiversity in four major linkages: urban and peri-urban land use, urban food supply chains, urban food access, and urban food retailing. Agrobiodiversity is evident to varying degrees amid urbanization globally, rather than the previously assumed blanket incompatibility or unspecified partial compatibility. A proposed conceptual framework is used to hypothesize how these linkages create configurations of combined conditions that support agrobiodiversity amid expanding urbanization. These key conditions contain leverage points of the urbanization-agrobiodiversity nexus for policies to address nutrition insecurity and vital environmental functions. We conclude that the urbanization-agrobiodiversity nexus is a crucial new focus of interdisciplinary research to strengthen sustainable development and food systems.

Beach tourism and seaside settlements are perennially popular. Nature's potential as well as the coast's characteristic hybrid art may always entice visitors. The settlements at the foot of the mountain, on the other hand, have their own unique environmental, gastronomic, and cultural identities. Bedugul village (Indonesia), Albarracin village (Spain), Reine village (Norway), Wengen village (Switzerland), Panglipuran village (Indonesia), Hallstatt village (Austria), Patiangan village (Indonesia), and Ora village (Indonesia) are some of the names given to the villages in Indonesia (Greece). They're all mountain communities that have successfully marketed themselves as tourist destinations at the foot of the mountain. The goal of this research is to come up with a viable approach for village branding at the foot of the mountain. This study is a hybrid of action research and development research, with a focus on tourism village acceleration. The Benjor village residents, Benjor village administrators, and a sample of potential visitors were polled for information. The community around Benjor village, the Malang Regency community, and persons outside the Malang Regency were all surveyed for potential visitors. Individual interviews or focus groups, environmental observations, and archives of village office records and Malang Regency government documents were used to gather data. The purpose of this study is to understand the tourism village process before and after therapy. Mining potential excavation yields eleven environmental assets in the form of waterfalls, five culinary assets in the form of chilli sauce, grilled rice, and other similar dishes, and three cultural assets in the form of hadrah, jaranan, and dancing. The development research yielded seven goods that Benjor villagers found to be the most effective in terms of branding. For mountain slope communities, the greatest method is to combine branded items that showcase their artistic, natural, and gastronomic potential.

PurposeQuality 4.0 is managing quality during the fourth industrial revolution. It is used by modern-day organizations as a strategy to compete and thrive in the marketplace. The purpose of this study is to analyze the potential impact of Quality 4.0 on organizational performance.Design/methodology/approachThis study through an integrative literature review critically analyzed 41 previous literature articles to study the impact of Quality 4.0 on various metrics of organizational performance.FindingsThe results of the review suggest that Quality 4.0 may have an impact on financial performance, customer value proposition, internal business processes, learning and growth, environmental performance and social performance.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is limited by the databases reviewed. The second limitation is that this study considered articles published in the English language. Therefore, articles published in other languages were not considered in this study.Practical implicationsOrganizations can use the findings of this study to strongly leverage the implementation of Quality 4.0 to reach their strategic objectives and improve competitive advantage.Originality/valueThis is the first study to explore the impact of Quality 4.0 on organizational performance through an integrative literature review.

This research aims to determine the effects of Intellectual Capital, Leverage, and Liquidity on Firm Performance. Sample are secondary sector companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange and used panel data regression for analysis; this research found that Intellectual Capital and Liquidity had a significant positive effect on Firm Performance, and Leverage did not have a considerable impact.

Network embedding has emerged as an effective way to deal with downstream tasks, such as node classification [ 16 , 31 , 42 ]. Most existing methods leverage multi-similarities between nodes such as connectivity, which considers vertices that are closely connected to be similar and structural similarity, which is measured by assessing their relations to neighbors; while these methods only focus on static graphs. In this work, we bridge connectivity and structural similarity in a uniform representation via motifs, and consequently present an algorithm for Learning Embeddings by leveraging Motifs Of Networks (LEMON), which aims to learn embeddings for vertices and various motifs. Moreover, LEMON is inherently capable of dealing with inductive learning tasks for dynamic graphs. To validate the effectiveness and efficiency, we conduct various experiments on two real-world datasets and five public datasets from diverse domains. Through comparison with state-of-the-art baseline models, we find that LEMON achieves significant improvements in downstream tasks. We release our code on Github at https://github.com/larry2020626/LEMON.

The future of work requires continuous upskilling and reskilling of workers for full labour force participation and productivity that has led to growing importance of learning agility. However, res...

Canada's healthcare sector produces the third highest healthcare-related emissions per capita globally. However, Canada has no national strategy toward environmentally sustainable healthcare. Transforming Canada's health systems to be environmentally sustainable requires leadership from many stakeholders and collaboration between trainees and health leaders. This article provides an overview of student and trainee leadership among health-related fields in response to the climate crisis and highlights the formation of a trainee-led organization focused on building capacity among emerging leaders in healthcare. We share key lessons learned by this group that are essential for all leaders seeking to leverage interdisciplinary action toward sustainable health systems in Canada.

In this article, we leverage ideas from the theory of coevolutionary computation to analyze interactions of students with problems. We introduce the idea of informatively easy or hard concepts. Our approach is different from more traditional analyses of problem difficulty such as item analysis in the sense that we consider Pareto dominance relationships within the multidimensional structure of student–problem performance data rather than average performance measures. This method allows us to uncover not just the problems on which students are struggling but also the variety of difficulties different students face. Our approach is to apply methods from the Dimension Extraction Coevolutionary Algorithm to analyze problem-solving logs of students generated when they use an online software tutoring suite for introductory computer programming called problets . The results of our analysis not only have implications for how to scale up and improve adaptive tutoring software but also have the promise of contributing to the identification of common misconceptions held by students and thus, eventually, to the construction of a concept inventory for introductory programming.

This study aims to determine how the influence of working capital management and leverage on firm value with profitability as a moderating variable. The research method used is quantitative data method. 1) Working Capital Management variable has a positive and significant effect on Firm Value. 2) Leverage variable has no significant effect on firm value. 3) Working Capital Management and Leverage variables have no simultaneous significant effect on Firm Value. 4)Profitability variable is a moderator variable that affects the relationship between Working Capital Management and Firm Value. 5) Profitability variable is not a moderator variable that can moderate the relationship between Leverage and Firm Value.Company value can be used as the basis for making investment decisions because this aspect measures the ability of the company's assets to generate a return on investment made in the company's asset instruments.

Conflict and regional economic development are two things that are interconnected, including the post-conflict conditions that have occurred. The Aceh conflict which was reconciled through the Helsinki MOU on August 15, 2005, in its course of text and social influence, affected the economic development of Aceh. Research on the analysis of leverage factors for the Acehnese economy 15 years after the peace period shows that the Acehnese economy is still in an unsustainable status with the main lever factor being human development index followed by regional expenditure, per capita expenditure, working population based on main employment, GRDP on the basis of price. Applicable, and agricultural production. Aceh's economic development, apart from requiring supporting infrastructure, really needs to pay attention to the development of its human index.

The theory of dynamic resource orchestration explains the differentiated response of homogeneous ecosystem organizations to systemic disruptive shocks. The Covid-19 precautionary measures in Kenya have exempted some essential service providers and government agencies, resulting in a differentiated Covid-19 impact across the national SMEs landscape. This article adopted an extractive thematic analysis technique to draw insights from in-depth interviews and discussions with owners and managers of 6 broad-range SMEs considered non-essential services providers excluded from the Covid-19 cessation of movement waiver. The article advanced insights on SMEs' resilience through dynamic resource orchestration capability. It sought to establish whether the possession and orchestration of dynamic resources capabilities differentiated highly resilient SMEs from non-resilient ones. The article identified business diversification, slack finance, intra-stakeholder collaboration, self-reinvention, positive psychology, technology leverage, and cost management as precursory resilience agents within Kenyan SMEs. Research gaps were identified, and recommendations for future research were proposed.

PurposeThis study aims to examine how the widespread adoption of digital technology (DT) in business-to-business (B2B) markets affects and, in particular, increases the velocity of relationship development over time.Design/methodology/approachA literature search was conducted to develop propositions concerning DT’s effect on the various stages of an existing B2B buyer-seller relationship development model. A group of 55 experienced practitioners was used to obtain reactions to the propositions.FindingsDT affects buyer-seller relationship development by reducing the time needed to initiate and advance through sequential relationship stages. Agility in the decision-making process fosters stronger inter-firm relationships and influences other important attributes of B2B relationships, such as organizational commitment, organizational embeddedness, trust and value creation.Research limitations/implicationsA broader, more diverse sample of commercial buyers and sellers is required to permit testing the generalizability of the study’s findings.Practical implicationsDT affects the speed and agility of B2B relationship formation regardless of stage. As DT evolves in the age of Industry 4.0, an understanding of the effects of DT will aid managers in assessing ways to leverage its potential and apply appropriate DT strategies throughout the B2B relationship process to capitalize on current and future business opportunities. Firms need to explore the positive and negative effects of the digital revolution on managers within their supply chain networks.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that specifically addresses DT’s impact during the specific stages of the relationship development process.

Software bots are used to streamline tasks in Open Source Software (OSS) projects' pull requests, saving development cost, time, and effort. However, their presence can be disruptive to the community. We identified several challenges caused by bots in pull request interactions by interviewing 21 practitioners, including project maintainers, contributors, and bot developers. In particular, our findings indicate noise as a recurrent and central problem. Noise affects both human communication and development workflow by overwhelming and distracting developers. Our main contribution is a theory of how human developers perceive annoying bot behaviors as noise on social coding platforms. This contribution may help practitioners understand the effects of adopting a bot, and researchers and tool designers may leverage our results to better support human-bot interaction on social coding platforms.

Social media companies wield power over their users through design, policy, and through their participation in public discourse. We set out to understand how companies leverage public relations to influence expectations of privacy and privacy-related norms. To interrogate the discourse productions of companies in relation to privacy, we examine the blogs associated with three major social media platforms: Facebook, Instagram (both owned by Facebook Inc.), and Snapchat. We analyze privacy-related posts using critical discourse analysis to demonstrate how these powerful entities construct narratives about users and their privacy expectations. We find that each of these platforms often make use of discourse about "vulnerable" identities to invoke relations of power, while at the same time, advancing interpretations and values that favor data capitalism. Finally, we discuss how these public narratives might influence the construction of users' own interpretations of appropriate privacy norms and conceptions of self. We contend that expectations of privacy and social norms are not simply artifacts of users' own needs and desires, but co-constructions that reflect the influence of social media companies themselves.

Despite increasing awareness and research about online strategic information operations, there remain gaps in our understanding, including how information operations leverage the wider information ecosystem and take shape on and across multiple social media platforms. In this paper we use mixed methods, including digital trace ethnography, to look beyond a single social media platform to the broader information ecosystem. We aim to understand how multiple social media platforms are used, in parallel and complementary ways, to achieve the strategic goals of online information operations. We focus on a specific case study: the contested online conversation surrounding Syria Civil Defense (the White Helmets), a group of first responders that assists civilians affected by the civil war within the country. Our findings reveal a network of social media platforms from which content is produced, stored, and integrated into the Twitter conversation. We highlight specific activities that sustain the strategic narratives and attempt to influence the media agenda. And we note that underpinning these efforts is the work of resilience-building: the use of alternative (non-mainstream) platforms to counter perceived threats of 'censorship' by large, established social media platforms. We end by discussing the implications on social media platform policy.

Professional architects with several years of experience in various projects have unique methods to design an architectural work. One of these approaches is to leverage the value of emerging information technologies such as Building Information Modelling (BIM) in architectural design. Leveraging these potentials requires promoting an appropriate context for the implementation and adoption of these new technologies. In response to the turbulent and multifaceted socio-technical nature of modern information technologies and the environmental uncertainty, architects enhance enablers to advance the architectural design process. Enablers are the preeminent factors that facilitate the implementation of new technologies and contribute to the sustainable development of projects and organizations. Given the lack of dedicated studies on the enablers affecting BIM application, this study aims to identify and classify these enablers in the architectural design phase. Following a systematic literature review approach, a comprehensive list of enablers for BIM application in the architectural design phase was identified. The prepared survey questionnaire was distributed to 205 construction experts (i.e. project managers, employers, consultants, and contractors). The collected data were analyzed with the Robust Exploratory Factor Analysis method, ended up with classifying 36 enablers into four main categories: human skills, environmental, technological, and organizational factors. The findings of this study, considering the organizational enablers, recommend that the support of government officials to implement a particular validation process for BIM adoption is crucial. The contribution of this research lies in identifying and classifying enablers for BIM application in the architectural design phase, with the potentials to be applied in real work practices to improve BIM capabilities and enhance BIM initiatives in construction projects. Professional architects with several years of experience in various projects have unique methods to design an architectural work. One of these approaches is to leverage the value of emerging information technologies such as Building Information Modelling (BIM) in architectural design. Leveraging these potentials requires promoting an appropriate context for the implementation and adoption of these new technologies. In response to the turbulent and multifaceted socio-technical nature of modern information technologies and the environmental uncertainty, architects enhance enablers to advance the architectural design process. Enablers are the preeminent factors that facilitate the implementation of new technologies and contribute to the sustainable development of projects and organizations. Given the lack of dedicated studies on the enablers affecting BIM application, this study aims to identify and classify these enablers in the architectural design phase. Following a systematic literature review approach, a comprehensive list of enablers for BIM application in the architectural design phase was identified. The prepared survey questionnaire was distributed to 205 construction experts (i.e. project managers, employers, consultants, and contractors). The collected data were analyzed with the Robust Exploratory Factor Analysis method, ended up with classifying 36 enablers into four main categories: human skills, environmental, technological, and organizational factors. The findings of this study, considering the organizational enablers, recommend that the support of government officials to implement a particular validation process for BIM adoption is crucial. The contribution of this research lies in identifying and classifying enablers for BIM application in the architectural design phase, with the potentials to be applied in real work practices to improve BIM capabilities and enhance BIM initiatives in construction projects.

This study describes the impact of leverage on earnings management and determines varying relationships with the moderating effect of firm size in linear and nonlinear setting. Results from selected firms of members’ countries of Asia Pacific Trade Agreement (APTA) unequivocally revealed that in all countries the relationship between the leverage and earnings management is sigmoid in nature. Firms can limit the managers reporting of income-increasing accruals through debt creation up to a certain threshold after which further debt creation challenges the debt covenants. The firm size substantially moderates the relationship of leverage and earnings management and systematically converses the relationship through moderation. The relationship between accruals and firm size is also sigmoid in nature. The specific behavior is seen in Indian firms in which relationship between leverage and accruals is like Richard’s curve in nature due to higher agency cost issue. In Pakistan, firm size has been found as a major factor that guides the accrual due to higher political cost. Additionally, in the setting of comparative static analysis, at the first place, we examine cash flows-risk determining liquidity-risk position of the firms in Pakistan and Bangladesh. At the second place, in the case of China, India and Pakistan, this study reveals an increasing relationship between the effective tax rate and the probability of reporting negative accruals which may create attitude of tax evasion among the firms in these countries. In the third place, in the case of China, India and Bangladesh, sales growth depicts an increasing relationship with the likelihood of reporting positive accruals. However, decreasing relationship is observed for Pakistan and Sri Lanka between the sales growth and the possibility of positive accruals. This study has major implications for funding institutions, debt manager and regulatory bodies of Asian Economies.

The current study examines the differential adjustment speed to target leverage based on size and profit for Indian non-financial firms, using the two-step system GMM methodology. The results rely on a panel data sample of 431 listed firms from 2002 to 2017. The findings advocate that the Indian firms are likely to achieve optimum capital structure and bridge the actual and target leverage gap at 41.3% per annum. Notably, the speed of partial adjustment to the target leverage is significantly impacted by the firm’s size and profit. Large and highly profitable firms tend to adjust their debt financing ratio at a higher speed (66.2%) in comparison to loss-making or low profit-making firms and small firms (58%). At the same time, small size and average profitable firms have the lowest (46.5%) rate of adjustment to the target capital structure. The findings indicate that recapitalization costs for Indian non-financial firms are lower, if they are closer to the target leverage.

The purpose of this study is to examine how book leverage is in Islamic banks in Indonesia. The leverage book shows how the use of debt in Islamic banking. This study will give the results of how the lag leverage, profitability with the size of the company as the control have an effect on the book leverage of Islamic banking. This study uses Islamic banking data in Indonesia with a research period of four years, namely 2016-2019. This study used secondary data from Islamic banking and analyzed using regression. The results showed that there is an influence between lag leverage, profitability, and company size on the book leverage of Islamic banking in Indonesia.

Although higher education typically strengthens people with disabilities’ chances to be in a competitive job market as a leverage to break away from poverty, the contemporary marketization of highe...

The ‘limits of markets’ debate broadly concerns the question of when it is (im)permissible to have a market in some good. Markets can be of tremendous benefit to society, but many have felt that certain goods should not be for sale (e.g., sex, kidneys, bombs). Their sale is argued to be corrupting, exploitative, or to express a form of disrespect. In Markets without Limits, Jason Brennan and Peter Jaworski have recently argued to the contrary: For any good, as long as it is permissible to give it for free, then it is permissible to give it for money. Their thesis has led to a number of engaging objections, and I leverage recent work on the nature of feasibility within political philosophy to offer a new challenge.I argue that feasibility offers a constraint on which markets can be permissibly implemented. Though it may be possible to create a morally acceptable version of an otherwise repugnant market, some of these markets may be infeasible, and so we are not permitted to implement them. After laying out this challenge, I consider several replies. They concern the relevance of feasibility, and whether any markets really are infeasible. This provides an opportunity to explore the dangers of pursuing the infeasible and with markets generally. I conclude by considering what might lead us to pursue these markets despite their infeasibility, or how knowledge of infeasibility may prove useful regardless.

Water distribution networks have high values of energy consumption from the source to the distribution. The use of pumps working as turbines is an innovative technology for leverage the energy exce...

This article studies the effects and implications of sybils (secondary accounts created by a person in an online platform) through the game World of Tanks from interdisciplinary, mixed-methods perspectives. Considering sybils allows us to access a "person based'' network, instead of an "account based" network, revealing formerly undetected patterns. We move on to behavioral differences between the "parent" (the initial account) and "child" (those created afterwards) accounts in a sybil relationship. We explore the behavioral patterns of sybils using network, chat, and gameplay data. We find that sybils represent players experimenting with new roles or features without damaging their play record. We find that there are significant behavioral differences between different sybil accounts, and we leverage them to build a machine learning classifier to differentiate sybils. This classifier is able to identify sybil accounts with over 95% accuracy for sybil/non-sybil, 61% for parent/child. This study demonstrates the underexplored but rich potential for sybils to improve research and industry practitioners' understandings of user practices and experiences.

In this essay, we discuss how the COVID-19 pandemic drove key changes in schooling and what forces can sustain these changes. Responding to the argument that COVID-19-driven changes may not be sustainable, this essay offers a counter narrative from the Korean context, in which educators re-visited existing school systems and re-constructed policies and teaching practices to fill the educational vacuum caused by the pandemic. This essay specifically builds on interviews conducted with Korean educators throughout the 2020 school year during COVID-19. First, we discuss ownership of educational change as reflected in educators’ narratives. We then explore three driving forces behind the transformation of the “grammar of Korean schooling”: policy discourse about “future education,” professional teaching culture, and administration for creativity. Based on our analysis, we offer several suggestions for policymakers, district leaders, and educators around the world for how to leverage and sustain the educational changes catalyzed by COVID-19. We conclude by arguing that educators’ desires to achieve change must be actualized in schools and policies through collaborative foresight and system-level support.

OBJECTIVE To describe nurses' research knowledge, attitudes, and practices within an academic hospital system. BACKGROUND Hospitals are investing in research resources to meet Magnet® goals and advance the science of nursing, but nurses' specific needs for support are not well characterized and may vary by setting. METHODS We conducted an anonymous online survey of RNs at an academic hospital system in 2019-2020 using the validated Nurses' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Research Survey. RESULTS Respondents (N = 99) indicated high willingness to engage in research-related tasks but low or moderate knowledge of and ability to perform them. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of research increased with level of education, although gaps between willingness to engage versus knowledge and ability persisted even among doctorally prepared nurses. CONCLUSIONS Research support for clinical nurses should leverage enthusiasm for research and focus on developing and applying specific practical skills, even among nurses with advanced degrees.

Perceived control—the belief in our ability to successfully influence the environment—significantly shapes how we make decisions and interact with our environment. Because of its intrinsically rewarding nature, the opportunity to exert control tends to bias individuals towards behaviors that endow an enhanced perception of control. Here, we leverage recent behavioral and neuroimaging work to highlight three particular attributes of control (i.e. affective, motivational and protective), which contribute to how perceived control shapes decision making via the corticostriatal circuits and impacts wellbeing. We then consider how impairments in perceived control could represent a transdiagnostic feature across psychopathologies.

Understanding the high likelihood of a dissatisfied customer leaving, customer satisfaction modeling has received significant attention by marketers and academic research. The major challenge in customer satisfaction modeling is the low response rate of surveys and the potential loss of valuable insights from non-respondents. We introduce a modeling framework that allows marketers to leverage existing information about non-respondents for predicting customer satisfaction at a specific time. We design a novel procedure to discover data-driven attributes that effectively represent the interactions of customers. Then, we propose a time-aware model to predict customer satisfaction or dissatisfaction and the time of events. We also design a learn-to-rank model to leverage non-respondents data for building a more accurate customer satisfaction model. A real-world dataset from an insurance company shows that the proposed framework accurately identifies satisfied or dissatisfied customers at a specific time and achieves a significantly better performance compared to extant methods.

The COVID-19 pandemic overwhelmed health care systems and exposed major gaps in preparedness and response plans. The crisis challenged nurse leaders to develop and implement novel care delivery plans while preventing disease transmission to patients and staff. COVID-19 required nurse leaders to make decisions in an environment of conflicting data and directives. The authors share essential nurse leader competencies vital to the development and support of thriving nurse leaders. As crises persist and future challenges arise, nurse leaders can leverage these essential competencies to successfully drive engagement, lead ahead of consensus, and define the shadows of limited, incomplete, and conflicting data.

This study examines the role of social connections and network centrality in attracting funders to crowdfunding campaigns. We classify social connections as either external (e.g., Facebook) or internal (e.g., investing in online platforms through resource exchange). Drawing from the 108,463 crowdfunding campaigns on the online platform Kickstarter from April 21, 2009, to July 24, 2019, we apply external linkages and online followers to estimate the effect of external social connections. We construct a digraph network for the internal social connections and use PageRank, HITS, and centrality to obtain the weights of the nodes. Next, we compare the performance change of several prediction algorithms by feeding social connection-related variables. This study has several findings. First, for external social connections, having more online followers improves the funding success rate of a campaign. Second, for internal social connections, only authority and degree in centrality positively affect the number of funders and the campaign’s financing progress among the weights of the nodes. Third, using social connection variables improves the prediction algorithms for funding outcomes. Fourth, external social connections exert greater funding outcomes than internal social connections. Fourth, entrepreneurs should extend their external social connections to their internal social connections, and network centrality expedites project financing. Fifth, the effect of social connections on fundraising outcomes varies among the campaign categories. Fundraisers who are online influencers should leverage their online social connections, notably for the project categories that matter.

One of the most profound changes in the industrial landscape in the last decade has been the growth of business ecosystems—groups of connected firms, drawing on (digital) platforms that leverage their complementors and lock in their customers, exploiting the “bottlenecks” that emerge in new industry architectures. This has created new asymmetries of power, where the “field” of competition is not the relevant product market, as is usually the case in competition law, but rather the ecosystem of various complementary products and associated complementor firms. These dynamics raise novel concerns over competition. After examining the foundational elements of the ecosystem concept, we review how ecosystems are addressed within the current scope of competition law and identify the gap in the existing framework of conventional competition law. We then move to a critical review of current efforts and proposals in the European Union for providing regulatory remedies for ex ante and ex post resolution of problems, focusing on the current (2020) proposals of the Digital Market Act on ex ante regulation, with its particular focus on “gatekeepers.” We also review recent regulatory initiatives in European countries that focus on ex post regulation and on the role of business models and ecosystem architectures in regulation before providing a deep dive into proposed Greek legislation that explicitly focuses on ecosystem regulation. We conclude with our observations on the challenges in instituting and implementing a regulatory framework for ecosystems, drawing on research and our own engagement in the regulatory process.