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Background: The fetus growth at high altitude is less than at sea level due to hypobaric hypoxia. Consequently, there are small neonatal anthropometric measurements. Therefore, there is no information about predicting neonatal morbi-mortality using Battaglia and Lubchenco criteria by neonatal curve created at 3400-m altitude (TANA). Material and Methods: It was a case-control study. We used the information of 16000 term infants from the Adolfo Guevara Velazco National Hospital in Cusco, from January 1, 2003, to June 30, 2012. We evaluated the 3rd, 10th, 90th, and 97th percentile (P3, P10, P90, and P97) of newborns weight and ponderal index (PI). Neonatal anthropometry less than P3 or P10 (SGA) and higher than P90 or P97 (LGA) were the cases, and those with measurements between these intervals were the controls (AGA). Results: SGA (P10) prevalence was 9.6% and 10.7% of LGA (P90). The P3 of the birth weight (BW) increases the risk of occurrence of neonatal morbidity and mortality in 3.2 and 10.7 times, respectively. Similarly, it prognosticates longer hospital stay (6.2 days). Conclusions: Applying the Lubchenco and Battaglia criteria and P3 and P97 of the BW and PI using the TANA, we determined that the P3 of the BW defines the highest risk for neonatal morbidity and mortality at term newborns at 3400-m altitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: COVID-19 disease generates acute respiratory distress syndrome, affects the need for oxygenation and demands nursing care to maintain hemodynamic stability and to prevent respiratory complications. Objective: To analyze the scientific evidence on nursing care facing the need for oxygenation in hospitalized adults with COVID-19 disease. Methods: Integrative review of a universe of 518 scientific articles published from 2020 to 2021 in the following databases: PubMed, EBSCO, CUIDEN and ScienceDirect. N=6 studies were analyzed. These address what the nursing care implies facing the need for oxygenation in adults with COVID-19. Results: Nursing care includes oxygen therapy strategies, recommendations on care in the first line of care, use of high-flow oxygen, early awake prone positioning, control of saturation and vital signs, through a nursing care process. Conclusion: Nursing care satisfies the need for oxygenation through oxygen therapy interventions, control of comorbidities and prevention of hospital risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Salud Uninorte is the property of Fundacion Universidad del Norte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The recognition of hypoxia in aviation is very important to reduce air accidents due to human errors, since pilots during exposure to hypoxia present cognitive impairment reflecting a time of consciousness compromise in terms of decision-making during flights. Objective: To determine the capacity of cognitive tests to recognize or detect the loss of useful consciousness time in the Colombian Air Force pilots during hypoxia training at 25 000 feet. Methods: Systematic Exploratory Review of literature since 2010, including a database with texts that include the appliance of cognitive tests during hypoxia, from: PubMed, lilacs, Google Scholar, Google patents, IEEE Xplore, Digital Library and SCOPUS. Results: 12 articles were found evaluating different characteristics of cognitive impairment. The author's origin countries and the study process were from United States of America (n=5), France (n=2), China (n=1), Pakistan (n=1), New Zealand (n=1), Canada (n=1), and Hungary (n=1). In these articles they employed the Mini Mental State Examination, the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test, automated neurophysiological tests, and the King-Devick test. Conclusions: The tests evaluate 4 spheres in the pilots during hypoxia exposure: listening, perceptual reasoning, the working memory, and the visual processing speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Repeated sprint training in hypoxia (RSH) represents an innovative method in the process of development and improvement of physical performance among athletes. However, there is less scientific data on this topic. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the effect of RSH method on motor abilities and performance among athletes, obtain new information, and expand the already known conclusions. The data search was performed of 4 electronic databases for the years 2000-2021 May as follows: Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and ResearchGate. This search with English language restriction was made by using the following terms, individually/combination: "repeated sprint ability", "hypoxia", "effects", "physical performance", "VO2max" 844 studies were indentified, and 14 studies were selected (11 male studies, 1 female study, 2 both sexes). Results of this systematic review, a total sample size of 347 athletes (40 females and 307 males, aged 15.3 ± 0.5 - 35 ± 7 years), showed that RSH was an effective training method in improving all monitored variables (i.e. RSAmax, VO2max). However, it should be noted that major improvements were observed mainly in repeated sprint ability (RSA) tests, and less in aerobic tests (i.e. Wingate and Yo-Yo). In conclusion, based on current scientific studies, RSH is more effective method to improve the physical performance among athletes compared to repeated sprint training in normoxia (RSN). This study suggested that the RSH has a positive effect on the monitored variables in physical performance tests especially related to RSA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Datos semanales de la temperatura superficial de río, salinidad, oxígeno disuelto, nitrógeno total y Clorofila-a fueron usados para conocer las variaciones temporales de las condiciones ambientales del río Jamapa (Boca del Río, Veracruz, México), así como para identificar si existen condiciones no favorables para los seres vivos (hipoxia o concentraciones altas de nitrógeno total). Con los datos obtenidos desde septiembre del 2017 hasta noviembre del 2018 se puede observar que los valores de oxígeno fueron mayores durante la temporada de nortes, debido a la oxigenación producida por el intercambio atmosfera-océano y disminuye drásticamente durante la temporada de lluvias y secas. Esto no afecto los niveles registrados de clorofila-a que fueron casi constantes durante el periodo muestreado. En cambio la temperatura y la salinidad muestran un máximo de febrero (2017) a mayo (2018) y disminuyen cuando inicial la temporada de lluvias.

Foundation: intrauterine growth restriction constitutes a complication of pregnancy. Newborns with this condition are exposed to an increased risk of perinatal and postnatal morbidity and mortality. Objective: to evaluate morphological markers of hypoxia in fetal and kidney development, using a model of placental insufficiency treated with human erythropoietin with low sialic acid content (neuro-Epo) in rats. Methods: three groups of gestated rats from the Wistar line were used. A control group (group I) and two experimental groups (groups II and III) with six rats each. Rats of groups II and III had uterine artery ligation on day 16 of pregnancy (E 16). Group III from E16 to E19 was administered a dose of 0.5 mg / kg / day of neuro-Epo subcutaneously and group II was administered placebo. On the 20th day of gestation the fetuses and their placentas were weighed. The fetuses’ size and cephalic diameters were measured. Morphometric and histological features in the fetal kidney were studied with hematoxylin-eosin staining and PAS. A qualitative histopathological analysis of their cell types was performed. Results: fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction did not improve growth markers. Hypoxia lesions were found in the fetal kidney of the untreated RCIU group that improved by administering neuro-Epo. Conclusions: the administration of neuro-Epo only showed reparative and protective effects on histological alterations caused by hypoxia in the fetal kidney.

Objetivo: Determinar los niveles sanguíneos de dos biomarcadores de estrés oxidativo en mujeres expuestas al humo de leña, nativas y residentes de gran altura (3850 m s. n. m.). Se analizaron el malondialdehido (MDA), y el porcentaje de carboxihemoglobina en sangre venosa (CHOb), que también es un marcador de hipoxia celular. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, serie de casos, realizado en 74 mujeres, entre 14 a 55 años, expuestas al humo de leña y oriundas del área rural del municipio de Copacabana (La Paz, Bolivia) a 3850 m s. n. m. La selección se hizo mediante una encuesta y un examen clínico completo. Se determinaron los niveles de MDA y el porcentaje de CHOb en sangre venosa, y se midieron variables demográficas y la saturación transcutánea de oxígeno. Para el análisis estadístico descriptivo y las medidas de tendencia central se empleó el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 18. Resultados: Se estudiaron 74 mujeres entre 14 a 55 años. Se encontró una media de MDA de 5,5 μmol/L ± 2 y una mediana de CHOb de 1 % (p25 –p75: 0,7 – 1,6). Las mujeres que refirieron quemar una mezcla de eucalipto con estiércol de vaca u oveja presentaron una media de MDA mayor y una mediana de CHOb de 2,5 %. Conclusiones: En esta población nativa y residente a gran altura, la contaminación del aire en interiores (CAI) incrementa el estrés oxidativo. Esto se demuestra en el aumento del MDA y en la diferencia con los valores de este biomarcador en la población sana nativa de altura y del llano. Asimismo, los valores de MDA y CHOb son mayores en quienes usaron una mezcla de leña con estiércol de vaca u oveja, por la mayor nocividad de la mezcla.

Hypoxia is an important factor that regulates the placental development and stimulates the invasion of trophoblast as well as differentiation, angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. At the moment of fertilization, hypoxia to which the blastocyte is exposed, regulates its growth, at the same time that it limits the number of trophoblast cells and the posterior placental development, that is essential in the transport of nutrients and oxygen to the developing fetus; however, chronic fetus-placental hypoxia leads to vascular placental dysfunction and to intra-uterine programming of vascular and metabolic diseases, since it regulates, at long term, the expression of enzymes related to the L-arginine/nitric oxide way in endothelial cells of different vascular beds, including placenta. Taking this into account the effects of hypoxia as noxa during intra-uterine life and its influence in the early origin of obesity and its complications are described in the present investigation.

Introducción: La depresión neonatal es una de las causas más frecuentes de ingreso de recién nacidos a unidades especializadas de atención neonatal. La asfixia perinatal es una de las causas de bajo puntaje de Apgar, siendo uno de los criterios clínicos para su diagnóstico. Los principales factores de riesgo vinculados con bajos puntajes de Apgar pueden ser maternos (edad, patologías obstétricas, nivel socioeconómico, adicciones, etc.), del trabajo de parto y parto o, alteraciones fetales. Objetivos: Determinar los factores perinatales asociados a la baja puntuación de Apgar a los 5 minutos del nacimiento. Diseño: Estudio retrospectivo de casos y controles en los años 2015 y 2016. Institución: Hospital de la Mujer, Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell, Montevideo, Uruguay. Participantes: Se incluyeron todos los recién nacidos a término con Apgar a los 5 minutos menor o igual a 5. Resultados: Hubo un total de 12.528 nacimientos de recién nacidos vivos de término en el HM. 34 casos de recién nacidos con Apgar a los 5 minutos menor o igual a 5. Esto corresponde al 0,27% de la población. No se identificaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cuanto a los principales factores asociados a asfixia perinatal. Conclusiones: En el análisis de esta población, la mayoría de los factores analizados no se asocia con los casos de Apgar a los 5 minutos menor o igual a 5 (depresión neonatal moderada-severa), por lo que la mayoría de estos casos pueden no ser evitables.

Objective. To identify the clinical and epidemiological characteristics related to lethality in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 at the Simón Bolívar Hospital in Cajamarca, during June-August 2020. Materials and Methods. This was a retrospective cohort, that used information collected from clinical records and official epidemiological surveillance systems (NOTIWEB, SISCOVID and SINADEF), on hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis. Information was collected on sociodemographic and clinical factors, considering discharge (death/survival) and days of hospitalization as outcomes. Results. The in-hospital fatality rate was 39.6%, and significant differences were found between hospitalization time and status at discharge in people over 60 years of age (p<0.001). Age older than 60 years (HR: 2.87; 95% CI: 1.76-4.68),) unattended ICU bed request (HR: 3.49; 95% CI: 2.02-6.05), oxygen saturation less than 80% at admission (HR: 2.73; 95% CI: 1.35-5.53) and the use of ivermectin (HR: 1.68; 95%CI 1.06-2.68) were factors associated with lethality. The chosen ML model considered that the most important variables were oxygen saturation, age over 60 years, time of hospitalization and time of the onset of symptoms. Conclusion. The factors that could increase lethality in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 were age, oxygen saturation less than 80%, use of ivermectin as part of hospital treatment and unattended request for ICU beds. Future studies with better representativeness could confirm these possible relationships at the regional or national level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Cultura, Ciencia y Deporte is the property of Cultura, Ciencia y Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Prescrição e Fisiologia do Exercício is the property of Instituto Brasileiro de Pesquisa e Ensino em Fisiologia do Exercicio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Prescrição e Fisiologia do Exercício is the property of Instituto Brasileiro de Pesquisa e Ensino em Fisiologia do Exercicio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Albeit massive fish mortality has an extraordinary visual impact and is certainly a fatality, we still have rudimentary understanding on how addressing this problem in the Neotropical region. The processes that lead to fish die-off events are complex and sometimes ephemeral, which can lead to incorrect diagnosis. In this review, we discuss these events in Neotropical freshwaters, both in areas impacted by dams and natural environment, with a focus on deaths mediated by the lack of oxygen (anoxia) or the excess of dissolved gases (gas supersaturation). We examine the available knowledge about the related mechanisms, lethal thresholds for dissolved oxygen (DO) and total dissolved gases (TDG) for fish, and the sequelae of gas bubble disease (GBD). An assessment of the main mortality events in Brazil in the last 10 years is also presented, as well as the best practices for monitoring, prevention, and mitigation. Finally, it is concluded that the proliferation of hydroelectric plants in the Neotropical region might contribute to the expansion of these events and, consequently, increasing of impacts on fish conservation. We consider urgent the inclusion of this topic in the licensing processes for new hydropower projects by the environmental agencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Coastal ecosystems worldwide are under the influence of local, regional and global stressors, such as pollution, eutrophication and climate change. Golfo Dulce is a relatively pristine and accessible deep tropical ecosystem that provides opportunities for comparative and collaborative research. Objective: To summarize published reports on past research conducted in this ecosystem, identify topics for further study, and suggest new research issues. Methods: A search was made on the web for reports based on research conducted in Golfo Dulce and published in scientific journals. Reports focusing on environmental parameters and on the biota were included. Results: A total of 123 studies that include data from Golfo Dulce are cited. The four topics more frequently addressed were reports based on the results of the R/V Victor Hensen expedition (1993-1994) and follow-up work on microbiology, studies on water parameters, research on vertebrates, and zooplankton studies. The reports focusing on vertical profiles of oxygen and temperature are discussed in detail, followed by those on the biota. Conclusions: Golfo Dulce has low oxygen concentrations below 50 m and is frequently anoxic at the 200 m deep basin with occasional formation of H2S. However, the ecosystem contains a relatively high diversity of identified organisms, from bacteria to whales. Of particular relevance for future studies are multidisciplinary surveys aiming at obtaining data on primary productivity, the diversity and biomass of the main groups of planktonic, demersal and benthic organisms, and the frequency and magnitude of the influx of deep offshore waters over the sill into the basin. These data, as well as the information gathered in the past, are essential for updating the trophic model developed more than 25 years ago and in support of new predictive models on the functioning of the ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Latinoamericana de Hipertension is the property of Revista Latinoamericana de Hipertension and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of CES Medicina is the property of Universidad CES and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Resumen Introducción y objetivo Las células madre son candidatas terapéuticas para una amplia gama de enfermedades. Resultan de gran interés en Cirugía Plástica para el tratamiento de heridas crónicas, transferencia de tejido adiposo y colgajos. El objetivo de este estudio es describir el método de aislamiento, cultivo y caracterización de células madre derivadas de tejido adiposo y cómo estas pueden precondicionarse con hipoxia y generar cambiosin vitro en su capacidad proliferativa y migratoria. El trabajo es un complemento didáctico a otro publicado por nosotros en esta misma revista utilizando esta metodología en comparación al grupo de retardo de colgajo y grupo control en colgajos cutáneos aleatorizados en ratas. Métodos Obtuvimos las células madre de tejido graso ínguino -abdominal de ratas adultas: 10 en el grupo de células madre derivadas de tejido adiposo y otras 10 en el grupo de células madre derivadas de tejido adiposo precondicionadas con hipoxia (2% O2 y 5% CO2). Realizamos análisis morfológico directo y con inmunofluorescencia con el marcador vimentina y CD90 y estudio de proliferación y migración celularin vitro. Resultados Utilizamos en promedio 1.64 +/- 1.13 gr de tejido adiposo en el grupo sin precondicionamiento y 0.93 +/- 0.34 gr en el grupo con precondicionamiento con hipoxia para el aislamiento. Las células madre derivadas de tejido adiposo precondicionadas con hipoxia presentaron un aumento de la capacidad migratoria a las 24 horas de 2.44 +/- 0.85 mm frente a 2.24 +/- 0.82 mm (p≤0.01) y proliferativa 5.42 x105 +/- 1.03 x105 céls/ml frente a 3.26 x105 +/- 8.61 x104 céls/ml) (p≤0.001) de forma significativa en comparación a las sin precondicionamiento. Conclusiones Describimos en detalle un método de precondicionamiento de células madre mediante hipoxia. Logramos potenciar el efecto de las células madre aumentando en forma significativa su capacidad migratoria y proliferativa de forma precoz.

Introducción. La depresión neonatal es una de las causas más frecuentes de ingreso de recién nacidos a unidades especializadas de atención neonatal. La asfixia perinatal es una de las causas de bajo puntaje de Apgar, siendo uno de los criterios clínicos para su diagnóstico. Los principales factores de riesgo vinculados con bajos puntajes de Apgar pueden ser maternos (edad, patologías obstétricas, nivel socioeconómico, adicciones, etc.), del trabajo de parto y parto o, alteraciones fetales. Objetivos. Determinar los factores perinatales asociados a la baja puntuación de Apgar a los 5 minutos. Diseño. Estudio retrospectivo de casos y controles en los años 2015 y 2016. Institución. Hospital de la Mujer, Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell, Montevideo, Uruguay. Participantes. Se incluyeron todos los recién nacidos término con Apgar a los 5 minutos menor o igual a 5. Resultados. Hubo un total de 12528 nacimientos de recién nacidos vivos de término en el HM. 34 casos de recién nacidos con Apgar a los 5 minutos menor o igual a 5. Esto corresponde al 0,27 % de la población. No se identificaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cuanto a los principales factores asociados a asfixia perinatal. Conclusiones. En el análisis de esta población, la mayoría de los factores analizados no se asocia con los casos de Apgar a los 5 minutos menor o igual a 5 (depresión neonatal moderada-severa), por lo que la mayoría de estos casos pueden no ser evitables.

El entrenamiento en altitud y el entrenamiento en hipoxia simulada producen adaptaciones fisiológicas y bioquímicas en el músculo esquelético como la capacidad oxidativa, así como modificaciones de la actividad mitocondrial, en el metabolismo aerobio y en el contenido de mioglobina. El propósito de esta revisión fue analizar las adaptaciones del músculo esquelético en respuesta a la exposición temporal a la hipoxia combinada con ejercicios de fuerza y resistencia. Según los hallazgos de numerosos autores, las adaptaciones estructurales del músculo son similares en la hipoxia y en la ‘normoxia’, con excepción de un aumento en el volumen muscular y en el área de la sección transversal de la fibra muscular, que son mayores en la hipoxia. En conclusión, la sinergia del entrenamiento de fuerza y resistencia y la hipoxia normobárica produce mejores y mayores adaptaciones, ganancias y cambios fisiológicos beneficiosos en el tejido muscular, lo cual genera cambios fenotípicos favorables, como la hipertrofia del músculo esquelético.

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar incubadoras de estágio múltiplo e único e diferentes níveis de CO2 sobre o desempenho, número e diâmetro das fibras musculares, morfometria cardíaca e rendimento de carcaça de frangos de corte. Foram incubados 2.520 ovos férteis em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, distribuídos em quatro níveis de CO2 (4.000, 6.000, 8.000 e 10.000ppm) em incubadoras de estágio único durante os primeiros dez dias de incubação e um tratamento controle utilizando uma incubadora de estágio múltiplo, totalizando cinco tratamentos com 504 ovos em cada um. Após a eclosão, 1.050 pintos machos foram alojados de acordo com o delineamento utilizado no incubatório. A hipercapnia aplicada nos primeiros 10 dias de incubação afetou o ganho de peso e a conversão alimentar dos pintos na primeira semana de vida, no entanto, esses efeitos não foram mantidos até o final do período de criação. Não houve efeito de incubadoras ou da hipercapnia sobre a morfometria muscular e cardíaca. Houve maior rendimento de coxas das aves na idade de abate oriundas de incubadoras em estágio único com até 6.000 ppm de CO2, quando comparadas à incubação em máquinas de estágio múltiplo. Esse efeito pode ser atribuído à maior vascularização induzida pela hipercapnia precoce.Palavras-chave: desempenho produtivo, embrião, hipercapnia, hipóxia.

Las células realizan transformaciones estructurales y metabólicas ante situaciones de estrés, lo que les permite mantener una adecuada homeostasis y evitar la muerte. La presente revisión bibliográfica tuvo como objetivo describir los principales cambios morfofisiológicos celulares que acontecen en la parada cardiaca y reanimación cardiopulmocerebral. El método incluyó una revisión documental (bases de datos SciELO Regional, PubMed, Cochrane e Infomed), realizada durante el primer semestre del 2018. Fueron seleccionadas 28 referencias. Se concluye que existen cambios celulares durante el cese circulatorio, las maniobras de resucitación y en la reperfusión. En la parada cardiaca, los cambios celulares se expresan en todos los organelos y puede llevar a muerte por necrosis. Durante la reperfusión se producen nuevos cambios estructurales, por entrada de calcio, alteraciones en sodio, producción de radicales libres e inflamación. Los cambios morfofisiológicos dependerán del estado metabólico previo, el tiempo de parada cardiaca y la instauración eficaz de medidas de resucitación.

Cell suffer structural and metabolic changes in stress situations,which allow them to maintain an adequate homeostasis and avoid death . This bibliographic review had the objective of describing the main morph-physiological changes which occur in cardiac failure and cardiac-pulmonary-cerebral resuscitation. The method was documentary reviewing (database Regional SciELO, PubMed, Cochrane and Infomed), developed during the first semester of 2018. Twenty eight references were selected. It was concluded that there are cellular changes during circulatory stop, the procedures of resuscitation and re-perfusion. In cardiac failure, cellular changes are expressed in all the organelles. And may cause death due to necroses. During re-perfusion new structural changes occur, for calcium entrance, sodium disturbances, production of free radicals and swelling. Morph.physiological changes depend on previous metabolic condition, time of cardiac failure and the successful establishment of resuscitation measures.

The 96 Mount Everest Disaster refers to the events that took place from May 10 to 11, 1996, when eight people caught in a storm were died, some during the ascent and, those who had already reached the Summit, while they descended. The film Everest (2015) faithfully reflects the previous symptoms that occurred during ascension, an important reason to understand the effects of altitude and low gas pressures on the human body. In this paper we address both problems, Everest can help students to understand and reflect on the challenges for body homeostasis that take place at great heights.

Objetivo. Desarrollar y pilotar indicadores de calidad de la atención a neonatos con padecimientos relevantes en México (prematuridad, sepsis neonatal, asfixia perinatal e hipoxia intrauterina). Material y métodos. Se cons­truyeron indicadores propios a partir de recomendaciones clave de las guías de práctica clínica nacionales e indicadores encontrados en repositorios internacionales. Previa búsqueda, selección y priorización, los indicadores fueron pilotados en dos hospitales. Se analizó la factibilidad de medición, fiabilidad (índice kappa) y utilidad para detectar problemas de calidad. Resultados. Se seleccionaron y pilotaron 23 indicadores; 12 eran compuestos. Del total, nueve fueron factibles y fiables. La calidad de la información en los hospitales fue diversa y fre­cuentemente deficiente, limitando tanto la factibilidad como la fiabilidad de los indicadores. Los niveles de cumplimiento identificaron oportunidades de mejora. Conclusiones. Se propone un set de nueve indicadores válidos, factibles, fiables y útiles para la monitorización de la calidad en la atención a neonatos patológicos.

Copyright of Revista Ciência Agronômica is the property of Revista Ciencia Agronomica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Pulmonology / Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Procesos oncogénicos como proliferación incontrolable, resistencia apoptótica, aumento de mecanismos angiogénicos y evasión inmune son regulados generalmente por factores de transcripción, como HIF-1. Por tanto, se ha señalado a esta molécula como un blanco terapéutico prometedor. Para explorar esta posibilidad, un oligonucleótido tipo “señuelo” dirigido a HIF-1α (ODN) fue diseñado para evaluar su eficiencia en esquema tanto monoterapéutico, como en combinación con dos agentes quimioterapéuticos en un modelo in vitro de cáncer de seno. Después de comprobar, mediante citometría de flujo e inmunofluorescencia, la localización del blanco, el señuelo fue transfectado en la línea celular MDA-MB-231. Se estableció la IC-50 de HIF-1α ODN, Cisplatino y Taxol con el método de Resazurina. Mecanismos de muerte celular fueron evaluados con el método de TUNEL. Por último, se estableció el índice de combinación (IC) de cada uno de los quimio-agentes en combinación con el ODN. Se evidencio que HIF-1α ODN causa un efecto citotóxico en MDA-MB-231 de hasta un 90% hacia las 72h pos-tratamiento. Este efecto no se observa tanto en los controles del ensayo, como en el cultivo primario de células no tumorales (FIBRO), siendo este agente altamente selectivo hacia células tumorales, al activar mecanismos pro-apoptóticos. A su vez, HIF-1α ODN potencializa la actividad tumorogénica de Cisplatino y Taxol en la línea celular tumoral. Por tanto, HIF-1α ODN demostró tener actividad selectiva potencialmente antitumoral, al disminuir la proliferación celular e inducir apoptosis; optimizando de forma sinérgica, la eficacia de fármacos quimioterapéuticos de alto espectro, en tratamientos combinados.

Copyright of Revista Universitaria de la Educación Física y el Deporte is the property of Instituto Universitaria Asociacion Cristiana de Jovenes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El choque séptico es una patología que involucra alteraciones hemodinámicas y compromiso de la microvasculatura que derivan en una disfunción celular que conlleva a la falla orgánica múltiple propia de esta enfermedad. Los protocolos de manejo actuales se centran en la normalización de variables macrohemodinámicas y biomarcadores relacionados con la hipoxia tisular, convirtiéndose en un desafío clínico que requiere el reconocimiento temprano, el control de la infección y la optimización del estado hemodinámico del paciente. En los últimos años se ha identificado que la disfunción multiorgánica que se observa en el choque séptico se encuentra relacionada con el desarrollo de disfunción mitocondrial. Se han planteado dos posibilidades para explicar el surgimiento de esta disfunción mitocondrial, que son el convectivo e inmunometabólico. Dentro del contexto metabólico se observa que el ciclo de Krebs puede funcionar en un entorno de hipoxia mediante la fragmentación y reorientación de sus reacciones enzimáticas, permitiendo la adaptación al metabolismo intermediario a la noxa séptica.

Los hallazgos recientes muestran que el calentamiento global puede causar cambios en la distribución espacial de diversas especies de reptiles e incluso llevar a su extinción. Se ha propuesto teóricamente que los lacertilios podrían migrar en un gradiente altitudinal; sin embargo, en estas propuestas no se ha considerado a la hipoxia (escasez de oxígeno) como un factor limitante de la migración. De acuerdo con lo anterior, en este artículo se discuten las posibles características morfofisiologicas que podrían permitir a los ectotermos migrar sobre un gradiente altitudinal aun con los efectos negativos de la hipoxia. Es fundamental estudiar a profundidad la vulnerabilidad de los ectotermos ante el calentamiento global tomando en cuenta no solo su biología térmica, sino también su fisiología.

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas is the property of Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agricolas y Pecuarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria is the property of Thieme Medical Publishing Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of CES Medicina is the property of Universidad CES and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The apnea test, which involves disconnection from the mechanical ventilator, presents risks during the determination of brain death, especially in hypoxemic patients. We describe the performance of the apnea test without disconnection from the mechanical ventilator in two patients. The first case involved an 8-year-old boy admitted with severe hypoxemia due to pneumonia. He presented with cardiorespiratory arrest, followed by unresponsive coma due to hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Two clinical exams revealed the absence of brainstem reflexes, and transcranial Doppler ultrasound revealed brain circulatory arrest. Three attempts were made to perform the apnea test, which were interrupted by hypoxemia; therefore, the apnea test was performed without disconnection from the mechanical ventilator, adjusting the continuous airway pressure to 10cmH2O and the inspired fraction of oxygen to 100%. The oxygen saturation was maintained at 100% for 10 minutes. Posttest blood gas analysis results were as follows: pH, 6.90; partial pressure of oxygen, 284.0mmHg; partial pressure of carbon dioxide, 94.0mmHg; and oxygen saturation, 100%. The second case involved a 43-year-old woman admitted with subarachnoid hemorrhage (Hunt-Hess V and Fisher IV). Two clinical exams revealed unresponsive coma and absence of all brainstem reflexes. Brain scintigraphy showed no radioisotope uptake into the brain parenchyma. The first attempt at the apnea test was stopped after 5 minutes due to hypothermia (34.9°C). After rewarming, the apnea test was repeated without disconnection from the mechanical ventilator, showing maintenance of the functional residual volume with electrical bioimpedance. Posttest blood gas analysis results were as follows: pH, 7.01; partial pressure of oxygen, 232.0mmHg; partial pressure of carbon dioxide, 66.9mmHg; and oxygen saturation, 99.0%. The apnea test without disconnection from the mechanical ventilator allowed the preservation of oxygenation in both cases. The use of continuous airway pressure during the apnea test seems to be a safe alternative in order to maintain alveolar recruitment and oxygenation during brain death determination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte is the property of Redprint Editora Ltda. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Foundation: intrauterine growth restriction constitutes a complication of pregnancy. Newborns with this condition are exposed to an increased risk of perinatal and postnatal morbidity and mortality. Objective: to evaluate morphological markers of hypoxia in fetal and kidney development, using a model of placental insufficiency treated with human erythropoietin with low sialic acid content (neuro-Epo) in rats. Methods: three groups of gestated rats from the Wistar line were used. A control group (group I) and two experimental groups (groups II and III) with six rats each. Rats of groups II and III had uterine artery ligation on day 16 of pregnancy (E 16). Group III from E16 to E19 was administered a dose of 0.5 mg / kg / day of neuro-Epo subcutaneously and group II was administered placebo. On the 20th day of gestation the fetuses and their placentas were weighed. The fetuses' size and cephalic diameters were measured. Morphometric and histological features in the fetal kidney were studied with hematoxylin-eosin staining and PAS. A qualitative histopathological analysis of their cell types was performed. Results: fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction did not improve growth markers. Hypoxia lesions were found in the fetal kidney of the untreated RCIU group that improved by administering neuro-Epo. Conclusions: the administration of neuro-Epo only showed reparative and protective effects on histological alterations caused by hypoxia in the fetal kidney. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The corona virus (2019-nCoV OR HCOV-19 or CoV2), has emerged in China as the main cause of viral pneumonia (COVID-19, Coronavirus Disease-19). Aim: To provide evidence-based Physiotherapy and functionality in patients with adult and pediatric COVID-19. Methods: This is an integrative literature review using the MedLine / PubMed databases, library of Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS) and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDRo). Results: Part of the patients with covid 19 show signs of respiratory deficiency with hypoxemia, with low severity in children. Impaired functionality is also expected. Conclusion: COVID-19 causes low pulmonary compliance and important changes in lung function with hypoxemia and cardiovascular repercussions. These changes lead to the need for Physiotherapy and the management of oxygen therapy and ventilatory support (invasive and non-invasive) for these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Endocrinología, Metabolismo y Nutrición is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El objetivo fue investigar el comportamiento del malondialdehido (MDA), biomarcador de estrés oxidativo, a grandes altitudes (3500–4200 m de altitud). Se realizó un estudio exploratorio en 91 sujetos de las ciudades de La Paz y El Alto seleccionados a través de una encuesta y examen clínico; la determinación de MDA se realizó con una técnica colorimétrica. Las medidas de tendencia central, dispersión y porcentajes se usaron para la descripción de datos, la prueba de Mann Whitney y Kruscal Wallis para explorar diferencias entre varones y mujeres, grupo etario y altitud. La mediana de concentración de MDA fue de 4,1 μmol/L (RIC 2,4–5,4), la mayor concentración se encontró en mayores de 40 años. El valor de la media encontrada es mayor que los referidos para el nivel del mar y supone la influencia de la hipoxia sobre los valores del MDA, sin embargo, no se encontraron diferencias entre sexo y grupos etarios.

El factor inducible para hipoxia (HIF-1) tiene un papel crítico en la homeostasis del oxígeno y es un activador transcripcional de angiogénesis, eritropoyesis, hierro y metabolismo de glucosa. La tasa de metabolismo de glucosa aumenta en algunos tumores a través de HIF-1α. Nuestro objetivo es evaluar la relación entre hipoxia en el cáncer colorrectal, los parámetros de PET, el tamaño del tejido necrótico y los factores pronósticos patológicos mediante el uso de HIF-1α. 70 pacientes (28 mujeres/42 hombres; promedio de edad: 63 años) diagnosticados con cáncer colorrectal mediante biopsia, se estadificaron con PET/TC preoperatoria y se operaron posteriormente. La puntuación de evaluación inmunohistoquímica se realizó de acuerdo con la expresión de HIF-1α nuclear, la intensidad y la densidad de tinción. El volumen metabólico tumoral (MTV), la glucólisis de lesión total (TLG) y el volumen tumoral (TV) se calculó utilizando el volumen de una fórmula elipsoide mediante las imágenes de TC y el porcentaje de necrosis tumoral (%TmNcr) se calculó por diferencia entre TV y MTV. Hubo una correlación positiva moderadamente significativa entre el SUVmáx del tumor y TV y el %TmNcr (r = 0,403, p = 0,001 y r = 0,5, p = 0,0001, respectivamente). No hubo una relación estadísticamente significativa entre niveles de expresión de HIF-1α y SUVmáx tumoral, TLG, MTV, TV, %TmNcr, estadio tumoral, invasión linfovascular, invasión perineural y afectación ganglionar extracapsular/capsular. Por otro lado, se observó una fuerte tinción inmunohistoquímica nuclear en las células tumorales adyacentes al borde invasivo, las células inflamatorias. Aunque no fue estadísticamente significativa, se observó una tinción nuclear moderada o fuerte en el 64,9% de los pacientes metastásicos. Aunque la presencia de una correlación positiva entre SUVmáx tumoral y el % de TmNcr muestra que hay células hipóxicas en tejido canceroso con una alta captación de FDG, no se demostró ninguna relación entre la presencia de HIF-1α y el incremento metabólico de glucosa y los factores patológicos del tumor. La fuerte tinción inmunohistoquímica nuclear en células tumorales adyacentes a las células inflamatorias y de borde invasivas nos hace pensar que HIF-1α desempeña un papel en el área de invasión del microambiente tumoral. The hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) has a critical role in oxygen homeostasis and it is a transcriptional activator of angiogenesis, erythropoiesis, iron and glucose metabolism. Glucose metabolism rate is increased in some tumours via HIF-1α. Our aim is to evaluate the relationship between hypoxia in colorectal cancer, PET parameters, necrotic tissue size and pathologic prognostic factors via using HIF-1α. 70 patients (28 female/42 male; median age: 63 years) who were diagnosed with colorectal cancer via biopsy were staged with preoperative PET/CT and operated subsequently. Immunohistochemical evaluation scoring was done according to nuclear HIF-1α expression, staining density and intensity. Metabolic tumour volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG) and tumour volume (TV) were calculated by using volume of an ellipsoid formula via CT images, and percentage of tumour necrosis (%TmNcr) that was calculated by the difference between TV and recorded MTV. There was a moderately meaningful positive correlation between tumour SUVmax and TV and %TmNcr (r = 0.403, p = 0.001 and r = 0.500, p = 0.0001, respectively). There were no statistically significant relationships between HIF-1α expression levels and tumour SUVmax, TLG, MTV, TV, %TmNcr, tumour stage, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion and extracapsular/capsular lymph node involvement. On the other hand, strong nuclear immunohistochemical staining was seen in tumour cells adjacent to invasive border, inflammatory cells. Although not statistically significant, moderate or strong nuclear staining were seen in 64.9% of metastatic patients. Although the presence of a positive correlation between tumour SUVmax and %TmNcr shows that there are hypoxic cells in cancer tissue with high FDG uptake, the relationship between the presence of HIF-1α and enhanced glucose metabolism and pathological prognostic factors of tumour was not shown. Strong nuclear immunohistochemical staining in tumour cells adjacent to invasive border and inflammatory cells leads us to believe that HIF-1α plays a role in the invasion area of tumour microenvironment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]