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Copyright of Coal Science & Technology (0253-2336) is the property of Coal Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Inorganic Analytical Chemistry / Zhongguo Wuji Fenxi Huaxue is the property of Beijing Research Institute of Mining & Metallurgy Technology Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Controlled Digital Lending (CDL) is an emerging method that allows libraries to circulate a digitized title in place of a physical one in a controlled manner. CDL can give libraries and patrons the option of accessing materials in a more flexible manner, but it breaks the balance of interests of relevant parties in the traditional publishing ecosystem and causes great legal disputes. This paper describes the origins and implementations of CDL, expounds the attitudes and actions of various stakeholders, discusses current controversies surrounding CDL, its potential promise and perils, and finally some suggestions to balance the interests of relevant parties and reconstruct the balance of publishing ecosystem are puts forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine is the property of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Xinyang Normal University Natural Science Edition is the property of Journal of Xinyang Normal University Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Rural Water & Hydropower is the property of China Rural Water & Hydropower Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Modern Medicine & Health is the property of Journal of Modern Medicine & Health and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Journal of Irrigation & Drainage Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tourism Tribune / Lvyou Xuekan is the property of Tourism Institute of Beijing Union University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Biochar has been prevalently recognized as a readily available and environmentally friendly material in recent years. The excellent properties can be a developed pore structure, abundant functional groups, and outstanding cation exchange capacity. Therefore, biochar is often used for the fertilization and/or remediation of water and soil, as well as the long-term sequestration of carbon. Notably, the persistent organic pollutants (e.g. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)) are inevitably generated to stagnate in the biochar during the pyrolysis stage. The concentrations and characteristics of these PAHs in the biochar vary significantly, according to the biomass feedstock, pyrolysis temperature, and pyrolysis conditions. Macroalgae plays crucial roles in carbon cycling to slow down eutrophication in the coastal sea ecosystems. Macroalgae can be expected to serve as the precursors for deriving biochars, due to the short growth cycle, abundance, and accessibility. Moreover, the conversion of macroalgae biomass to biochar is beneficial to the waste management and resource usage of macroalgae. However, it is still lacking on the content and toxicity of PAHs in the macroalgal biochars. In this study, the macroalgal biochars were produced from the Sagassum vachellianum, Sargassum fusiforme, Sargassum thunbergii, Grateloupia turuturu, Chondria crassicaulis, and Ulva pertusa at different pyrolysis temperatures (200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 ℃) under oxygen-limited conditions. Sixteen typical PAHs in the macroalgal biochars were extracted and determined using the Soxhlet extraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Their toxicities were evaluated in this case. The results showed that the PAHs were widely distributed in all tested macroalgal biochars. Specifically, the abundance of PAHs in the biochars first increased and then decreased, as the pyrolysis temperature increased. There was the lowest (78.2 μg/kg) total concentration of PAHs in the C. crassicaulis biochar that was prepared at 600 ℃ among the macroalgal biochars. By contrast, the highest (2 244.2 μg/kg) was achieved in the G. turuturu biochar prepared at 300 ℃, indicating the most abundant naphthalene and phenanthrene. The redundancy analysis revealed that there were different effects of pyrolysis temperature on the concentration and proportion of each PAH in the macroalgal biochar. The contents of PAHs in the macroalgal biochars were all lower than the limit value of EBC-AgroOrganic grade (4±2 mg/kg) stipulated in the European Biochar Certificate (EBC, Version 10.1). There were mainly composed of 2 and 3 rings for the PAHs in the macroalgal biochars that were prepared at the pyrolysis temperatures of 200℃-600℃. The 4-ring PAHs were presented in all the macroalgal biochars, whereas the 5- and 6-ring PAHs were detected only in some macroalgal biochars, in which the proportion was very low. In addition, the macroalgal biochars exhibited various toxic equivalence quantity of benzo[a]pyrene (TEQBaP) at different pyrolysis temperatures. This change was attributed to the content, ring number, and type distribution of PAHs in the macroalgal biochars. There was the lowest (0.196 μg/kg) TEQBaP of the C. crassicaulis biochar that derived at 600 ℃ among the tested macroalgal biochars. By contrast, the highest (46.151 μg/kg) was also achieved in the S. thunbergii biochar that was derived at 400 ℃. The TEQBaP of the macroalgal biochars was lower than that of biochars reported previously. The energy consumption of pyrolysis temperature and yield were combined to determine the biochar remediation effect and similar potential environmental risks. Biochar materials with a lower pyrolysis temperature can be selected to provide important guidance for the production and application of macroalgal biochars, thereby improving the utilization of macroalgae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology is the property of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology Periodical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Bioinformatics is the property of Bioinformatics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Geoscientica Sinica is the property of Acta Geoscientica Sinica Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Forest Engineering is the property of Forest Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology is the property of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology Periodical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Geomatics & Information Science of Wuhan University is the property of Geomatics & Information Science of Wuhan University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, high throughput sequencing was used to study the bacterial diversity in rhizosphere soil and non rhizosphere soil of Taxus cuspidata forest at different ages, and the contents of soil nutrients（total organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium） were determined. Through the study of soil bacterial diversity and the relationship between soil bacterial diversity and soil nutrients, the structure of rhizosphere soil and non rhizosphere soil microorganisms in Taxus cuspidata forest and the impact of soil nutrient factors on soil microbial diversity were obtained, so as to provide theoretical support for the protection of natural Taxus cuspidata. The results showed that there were significant differences in soil fertility in different forest ages and in rhizosphere soil and non rhizosphere soil of Taxus cuspidata forest（P<0.05). There were 44 phyla in the experimental area, and the dominant phyla were Proteobacteria（relative abundance: 40.54%-43.89%） and Acidobacteria (relative abundance: 16.53%-28.81%). There was high correlation between soil total phosphorus and bacteria. The soil total phosphorus could explain 30.46% of bacterial variation rate in all plots. The main bacterial phyla in the mature forest sample plot were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Gemmatimonadetes, Chloroflexi, Rokubacteria and Nitrospirae. The contents of total organic matter, total phosphorus, total nitrogen and total potassium were dominant in mature forest plots. The bacterial diversity in rhizosphere soil of Taxus cuspidata was lower than that in non rhizosphere soil. The contribution rate of rhizosphere soil bacteria to soil bacterial variation was the largest. The main factor causing microbial variation was soil total phosphorus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology / Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Agronomica Sinica is the property of Crop Science Society of China and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Academic Libraries is the property of Journal of Academic Libraries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Oncology is the property of Editorial Board of China Oncology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Systems Engineering & Electronics is the property of Journal of Systems Engineering & Electronics Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Forest & Environment is the property of Journal of Forest & Environment Editorial and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology is the property of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology Periodical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Experimental Technology & Management is the property of Experimental Technology & Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Natural Gas Geoscience is the property of Natural Gas Geoscience and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Jilin University (Science Edition) / Jilin Daxue Xuebao (Lixue Ban) is the property of Zhongguo Xue shu qi Kan (Guang Pan Ban) Dian zi Za zhi She and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)