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Guangdi Li, Guiwen Zhou, Qiang Fu, Minliang Chen Department of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, Senior Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Minliang Chen, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Senior Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 51 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 10048, People’s Republic of China, Email chenml@sohu.comAbstract: Liposuction has been popular with the public since its inception. The fat accumulated in the body is sucked outside the body through negative pressure suction, thereby reducing the fat cells in the body and achieving the effect of local plasticity. Although liposuction is a relatively safe procedure, due to the lack of correct judgment of the patient’s condition and treatment by quite a few cosmetic practitioners, the complications of liposuction are gradually increasing. We describe a case of subcutaneous hydrops after lumboabdominal liposuction, which was found to have multi-layer tissue defects of the right lower abdominal wall and local peritoneal rupture after multiple sclerosing agent injections and two debridement procedures. This case provides us with a warning about the use of sclerosing agents.Keywords: liposuction, lauromacrogol, multilayer tissue injury of the abdominal wall, reconstruction of abdominal wall

Low-intensity histotripsy (LIH) is a novel and safe technique for tissue ablation. This study aimed to explore the effects of LIH on canine prostate tissue and identify the degree of acute injury to the gland. We constructed and evaluated two types of acoustically responsive droplet (ARD) emulsions using either perfluoropentane (PFP) with a lipid shell or perfluoromethyl-cyclopentane (PFMCP) with lauromacrogol (L) injection. Twenty beagles were assigned to four experimental groups: ultrasound (US) + PFP (n = 6), US + PFMCP-L (n = 6), PFMCP-L (n = 5) and PFP (n = 3). The ARDs were injected transcutaneously and transabdominally into normal canine prostates under US-guided imaging. Subsequently, focused therapeutic US was employed to induce acoustic droplet vaporization and bubble cloud cavitation. The mechanical damage to canine prostate tissue was evaluated using gross and histological examination. Gross specimens showed that the injured area was dark brown. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained tissue sections of the damage zone showed significant cavity formation and interstitial edema. The total tissue damage scores in the US + PFP group were compared to those of the other three experimental groups. No statistically significant differences were observed in the extent of tissue damage and total scores among the US + PFMCP-L, PFMCP-L and PFP groups. We achieved significant mechanical tissue damage in the canine prostate using PFP ARD-based LIH that proved to be superior to that using PFMCP ARDs with LIH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Endoscopic ultrasound-guided local ablation therapy is one of the most important approaches for treating insulinomas that arise from neuroendocrine islet cell tumors located within the pancreas. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of various ablative treatments including anhydrous ethanol, lauromacrogol, polidocanol, and paclitaxel as local ablative agents on subcutaneous insulinoma tumors in mice models using tumor necrosis and drug distribution. For this purpose, mice were modeled for insulinoma tumors by subcutaneous injection of Ins-1 and Min-6 cell lines in 4-6 weeks-old nude female mice. The tumors became visible 1 to 2 weeks after the transplantation of cells, reaching a treatment-appropriate volume of 20-30mm3 within 2 to 3 weeks, as confirmed by the insulinoma-like characteristics observed during histopathological analysis. The results indicated that the insulinoma animal models exhibited an early onset of hypoglycemia and significantly elevated serum insulin levels during starvation tests, compared to the control group further confirmed by expression of chromogranin A (CgA), synaptophysin (Syn), and insulinoma-associated protein 1 (Insm1) in the tumor cells during immunohistochemical staining. Following treatment, necrosis percentages in insulinoma tumors were significantly higher in the paclitaxel (93.2%) and ethanol (86.5%) groups compared to saline, polidocanol, and polyglactin groups. Similarly, tumor drug distribution was tracked using methylene blue, with paclitaxel demonstrating the fastest diffusion, followed by ethanol, polidocanol, and polyglactin. These findings suggest that both paclitaxel and polidocanol have significant potential as local ablative agents in inducing tumor necrosis, with paclitaxel offering the fastest drug dispersion. These results highlight the potential for further optimization of ablation therapies in insulinoma treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundBlue rubber bleb nevus syndrome (BRBNS) is a rare venous malformation disorder. Currently, there is no standard therapy for this disease. However, lauromacrogol, a sclerosant extensively utilized in the management of vascular malformations, has been applied in the treatment of BRBNS. Research on the combined therapy of sirolimus and lauromacrogol for the treatment of BRBNS remains limited.Case summaryHere, we report the case of a 12-year-old girl diagnosed with BRBNS. The patient presented with chronic anemia and skin “hemangioma.” The examinations showed severe anemia, along with decreased serum iron and ferritin levels. Magnetic resonance imaging showed abnormal nodular lesions in various parts of the intestine. The patient was treated with a combination of endoscopic sclerotherapy using lauromacrogol and oral sirolimus. After 1 year of treatment, the patient showed no signs of anemia or gastrointestinal tract bleeding.ConclusionBRBNS is a rare disorder that is often misdiagnosed, especially by inexperienced pediatricians. The combination of oral sirolimus with endoscopic lauromacrogol has demonstrated efficacy in reducing lesion size and elevating hemoglobin levels.

Endoscopic minimally invasive treatment of internal hemorrhoids may cause postoperative pain. The aim of the study is to investigate the analgesic effect of lidocaine plus lauromacrogol on postoperative pain caused by endoscopic rubber band ligation (ERBL) combined with injection sclerotherapy (IS) for internal hemorrhoids treatment. Clinical data of grade Ⅲ internal hemorrhoids patients who underwent ERBL combined with IS in department of Digestive Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, were retrospectively analyzed. According to difference in the composition of sclerosing solution, the patients were divided into control group (lauromacrogol group, 46 patients) and study group (lidocaine plus lauromacrogol group, 20 patients). Postoperative pain (quantized by Visual Analogue Scale, VAS), pain relief time and postoperative adverse reactions were compared. The therapeutic effect was followed up 1 month after operation. VAS of postoperative pain was 0.80 ± 0.42 points and pain relief time was 0.90 ± 0.56 days in the study group, while VAS of postoperative pain was 4.11 ± 1.37 points and pain relief time was 2.57 ± 0.83 days in the control group, there was statistical difference between them (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative adverse reactions and follow-up therapeutic effect between the control group and the study group. Lidocaine plus lauromacrogol is useful for pain alleviation on ERBL combined with IS for internal hemorrhoids treatment because of its convenient procedure, low adverse reaction incidence and good therapeutic effect, which is worthy of promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lauromacrogol foam sclerotherapy is characterized by a high success rate in obliterating varicose veins and a low frequency of adverse effects. Most of these parts consist of minor effects, and few data are available about significant effects (e.g., vein thrombosis), pointing out the technical safety of ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy. Case Presentation: a 78-year-old woman was evaluated for chronic vein disease; at ultrasonographic and Doppler scan (USDS), severe GSV dilatation and GSV reflux were documented in both legs below the knee. After meticulous anamnesis and physical examination, informed consent was obtained, and ultrasound-guided percutaneous polidocanol foam (one part of 2% lauromacrogol solution + one part of the air, mixed with Double Syringe System) sclerotherapy was performed in the right leg; best medical therapy was given after the procedure. After five days, USDS pointed out thrombosis extending to the thigh upper region to saphenous-femoral junctions, consisting of deep vein thrombosis. Appropriate anticoagulant therapy was promptly dispensed, and the patient had no aftermaths. Conclusion:The prevalence of vein thrombosis after lauromacrogol sclerotherapy is unknown, and their correlation is uncertain, but, in our experience, it should be suspected in patients who referred lower limb pain after this procedure despite the best medical therapy dispensation.

Abstract Background This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of hysteroscopic surgery for endogenous cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) and the value of prophylactic ultrasound-guided local injection of lauromacrogol. Methods This retrospective study included 131 patients diagnosed with endogenous CSP who underwent hysteroscopic surgery at the Hangzhou Fuyang Women and Children Hospital between January 2018 and May 2022. Lauromacrogol (10–20 mL) was administered within 24 h preoperatively using an ultrasound-guided vaginal injection to 78 patients (L group) versus not administered to 53 patients (non-L group). Their clinical data and outcomes were analyzed. Results Mean gestational age, gestational mass size, and uterine scar thickness and median preoperative blood β-human chorionic gonadotropin levels of the non-L versus L groups were 46.26 versus 45.01 days, 2.05 versus 2.39 cm, 0.35 versus 0.32 cm, and 19850.0 versus 26790.0 U/L, respectively (P > 0.05 for each). The non-L and L groups had similar success rates (98.1% vs. 98.7%, P = 1.0). Complications related to lauromacrogol administration, including abdominal pain, massive bleeding, and bradycardia, were experienced by 46.2% (36/78; P

Aims and objectivesThe purpose of this study was to compare efficacy and side effects between oral propranolol combined with and without intralesional injection of lauromacrogol for infantile hemangioma (IH).Material and methodsThis was a single center randomized controlled prospective study, all participants were firstly diagnosed with IH between August 2022 and January 2023 in our hospital and without any treatment before. Patients were randomized into two groups. PRO group: oral propranolol (2 mg/kg/day) continued for 6 months; PRO + LAU group: oral propranolol (2 mg/kg/day) for 6 months and intralesional injection of lauromacrogol for 2–4 times within 6 months. The dimensions, color, consistency, photographic documentation were well recorded based on Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) before and after starting treatment. According to the treatment response after 6 months, the results were classified into four levels: Grade 1, complete resolution achieved; Grade 2, with ≥50% reduction in size of IH; Grade 3, with

Abstract A 71‐year‐old male developed anastomotic tumor bleeding after subtotal gastrectomy (Billroth II), and the surgery was refused due to coronary atherosclerotic heart disease. Endoscopic sclerotherapy (ES) in the treatment of esophagogastric variceal bleeding has been commonly reported, but few in non‐variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding. As far as we know, endoscopic sclerotherapy for malignant tumor hemorrhage has not been reported. Here a valuable case is presented: endoscopic sclerotherapy was performed on the anastomotic tumor bleeding, which is an effective try in a particular period.

Wang W, Liu B, Long J, Bi J, Huo R. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2022;15:2275–2284. The authors have advised there is an error in the author list on page 2275. The author name “Junsong Long” should read “Junsang Long”. The authors apologize for this error.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of hysteroscopic surgery for endogenous cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) and the value of prophylactic ultrasound-guided local injection of lauromacrogol. Methods: This retrospective study included 131 patients diagnosed with endogenous CSP who underwent hysteroscopic surgery at the Hangzhou Fuyang Women and Children Hospital between January 2018 and May 2022. Lauromacrogol (10–20 mL) was administered within 24 h preoperatively using an ultrasound-guided vaginal injection to 78 patients (L group) versus not administered to 53 patients (non-L group). Their clinical data and outcomes were analyzed. Results: Mean gestational age, gestational mass size, and uterine scar thickness and median preoperative blood β-human chorionic gonadotropin levels of the non-L versus L groups were 46.26 versus 45.01 days, 2.05 versus 2.39 cm, 0.35 versus 0.32 cm, and 19850.0 versus 26790.0 U/L, respectively (P > 0.05 for each). The non-L and L groups had similar success rates (98.1% vs. 98.7%, P = 1.0). Complications related to lauromacrogol administration, including abdominal pain, massive bleeding, and bradycardia, were experienced by 46.2% (36/78; P < 0.001) of L group patients. The non-L had a significantly shorter mean hospital stay (4.85 ± 1.12 vs 5.44 ± 1.08 days) and lower total cost (6148.75 ± 1028.71 vs 9016.61 ± 1181.19) (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Hysteroscopic surgery is effective and safe for patients with endogenous CSP. Prophylactic lauromacrogol injection increases the incidence of complications and costs. Direct hysteroscopic surgery can reduce pain and financial burden in patients with endogenous CSP and save medical resources for other patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the application value of contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in ultrasound‐guided lauromacrogol injections in patients with cesarean scar pregnancies (CSP). Methods: A total of 31 patients diagnosed with CSP, who underwent an ultrasound‐guided lauromacrogol injection + curettage in our hospital between February 2019 and December 2020 and had a complete recovery confirmed by a postoperative ultrasound review and serum β‐human chorionic gonadotropin (β‐hCG) assay, were enrolled as the study subjects. According to the volume of intraoperative blood loss and the duration of postoperative vaginal bleeding, the patients were divided into two groups, with 19 in the significantly effective group (Group A) and 12 in the effective group (Group B). The recorded clinical data, including age, duration of amenorrhea, number of pregnancies, number of deliveries, time since last cesarean delivery, number of cesarean deliveries, and preoperative serum β‐hCG levels, were retrospectively analyzed. The morphological indicators in CEUS before the lauromacrogol injection, as well as immediately and 12–24 hours after the injection, were compared between the groups. Results: In Group A, the post‐injection CEUS showed no enhancement, single strip enhancement, and sparse punctate enhancement, while in Group B, it showed a more irregular ring and local patch enhancement. In addition, the number of cases where the CEUS showed no enhancement 12–24 hours after the injection was more than that of the immediate CEUS after the injection. In Group A, four (21.1%) cases showed a single strip‐like blood flow on the immediate postoperative CEUS, four (21.1%) cases showed a sparsely dotted blood flow on the immediate postoperative CEUS, and three cases turned into no enhancement 12–24 hours after the injection. A total of four cases in Group B showed that the contrast enhancement range 12–24 hours after the injection was reduced compared with that of the immediate contrast after the injection. Conclusion: Contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography can guide the location selection of the lauromacrogol injection in patients with CSP, and its postoperative morphological indicators can adequately predict the therapeutic effect after curettage and guide clinical management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wenjing Wang,1 Boce Liu,1 Junsong Long,1 Jianhai Bi,2 Ran Huo1,2 1Department of Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Ran Huo, Department of Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-15168889001, Fax +86 531-68778153, Email huoran@medmail.com.cnPurpose: To compare the outcomes of sclerotherapy with bleomycin and lauromacrogol between lymphatic malformations (LM) with and without intralesional hemorrhage and identify the factors affecting the outcomes of LM with hemorrhage.Patients and Methods: This retrospective study examined patients with LM who underwent sclerotherapy with bleomycin and lauromacrogol between January 2019 and December 2021. Regression models were used to analyze the factors associated with the outcomes of LM with hemorrhage.Results: 52 patients were included in the study, including 26 with intralesional hemorrhage. Masses with bluish skin (p = 0.026) and pain (p = 0.001) were more common in LM with hemorrhage. With similar outcomes, the average number of sessions was 2.9 in LM with hemorrhage and 2 in LM without hemorrhage (p = 0.028). The efficacies of the macrocystic and mixed types (93.3% and 83.3%, respectively) were higher than that of the microcystic type (40%) (p = 0.036). As the number of sessions increased, the relapse rate decreased (p = 0.018).Conclusion: Sclerotherapy with bleomycin and lauromacrogol is effective and safe for LM with hemorrhage. An increased number of injections for patients with hemorrhage was associated with similar efficacy for those without hemorrhage and similar relapse rates.Keywords: lymphatic malformations, hemorrhage, sclerotherapy, bleomycin, lauromacrogol

Simple Summary: Pancreatic cystic lesions are diagnosed with an increasing frequency, thus comprising a significant routine condition in clinical practice. In addition to the current approaches, which include surgery and surveillance, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) provides the potential of an additional therapeutic tool. This review collected the existing literature regarding EUS-guided ablation techniques for pancreatic cystic lesions and assessed its efficacy and safety. The cumulative effect in treating pancreatic cysts was 44% (95%CI: 31–57), with the highest rate achieved when a combination of ethanol and paclitaxel was injected into the cysts (70%; 95%CI: 64–76). Considering safety, most adverse events were mild and occurred after ethanol injection. EUS-guided pancreatic cyst ablation seems to be an acceptable and safe procedure, with promising results in appropriately selected patients. Background: Pancreatic cystic lesions (PCL) represent an increasingly diagnosed condition with significant burden to patients' lives and medical resources. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) ablation techniques have been utilized to treat focal pancreatic lesions. This systematic review with meta-analysis aims to assess the efficacy of EUS ablation on PCL in terms of complete or partial response and safety. Methods: A systematic search in Medline, Cochrane and Scopus databases was performed in April 2023 for studies assessing the performance of the various EUS ablation techniques. The primary outcome was complete cyst resolution, defined as cyst disappearance in follow-up imaging. Secondary outcomes included partial resolution (reduction in PCL size), and adverse events rate. A subgroup analysis was planned to evaluate the impact of the available ablation techniques (ethanol, ethanol/paclitaxel, radiofrequency ablation (RFA), and lauromacrogol) on the results. Meta-analyses using a random effects model were conducted and the results were reported as percentages with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results: Fifteen studies (840 patients) were eligible for analysis. Complete cyst resolution after EUS ablation was achieved in 44% of cases (95%CI: 31–57; 352/767; I2 = 93.7%), and the respective partial response rate was 30% (95%CI: 20–39; 206/767; I2 = 86.1%). Adverse events were recorded in 14% (95%CI: 8–20; 164/840; I2 = 87.2%) of cases, rated as mild in 10% (95%CI: 5–15; 128/840; I2 = 86.7%), and severe in 4% (95%CI: 3–5; 36/840; I2 = 0%). The subgroup analysis for the primary outcome revealed rates of 70% (95%CI: 64–76; I2 = 42.3%) for ethanol/paclitaxel, 44% (95%CI: 33–54; I2= 0%) for lauromacrogol, 32% (95%CI: 27–36; I2 = 88.4%) for ethanol, and 13% (95%CI: 4–22; I2 = 95.8%) for RFA. Considering adverse events, the ethanol-based subgroup rated the highest percentage (16%; 95%CI: 13–20; I2 = 91.0%). Conclusion: EUS ablation of pancreatic cysts provides acceptable rates of complete resolution and a low incidence of severe adverse events, with chemoablative agents yielding higher performance rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: An 18‐year‐old gelding was presented with a mass in the right cranial cervical region. Radiography and ultrasonography of the swelling revealed a well‐circumscribed cystic mass that may have originated from the right thyroid lobe. The cystic mass was found to represent an ultimobranchial thyroid cyst. Nuclear scintigraphy and computed tomography were carried out to assess the thyroid function and the correlation of the cystic mass to the adjacent anatomical structures. Sclerotherapy was performed using an intralesional injection of polidocanol. A 2‐year follow‐up showed a complete resolution of the cystic mass without recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study the efficacy of 3 treatment options for type 2 cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) and establish an optimal treatment strategy for type 2 CSP.Design: Retrospective cohort study.Setting: A tertiary hospital.Patients: The study examined 160 women with type 2 CSP.Interventions: Ultrasound-guided vacuum aspiration after local injection of lauromacrogol, ultrasound-guided vacuum aspiration after uterine artery embolization (UAE), and transabdominal resection or hysteroscopy combined with laparoscopic resection.Main Outcome Measures: The success rates, duration of hospitalization, hospitalization cost, amount of blood loss, recovery time, and menstruation resuming after recovery.Results: The success rates of the UAE, lauromacrogol, and surgical groups were 87.1%, 92.5%, and 95.5%, respectively, with no significant differences. The cost and duration of hospitalization in the lauromacrogol group were significantly lower than those in the UAE and surgical groups. Analysis of the causes of treatment failure revealed a significant difference in the gestational age. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.660 (95% confidence interval, 0.533-0.788). When the gestational age was 48.5 days, Youden index was the highest. Furthermore, when the diagnostic thresholds were selected as 49, 56, and 63 days of pregnancy, the corresponding areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve were 0.652, 0.541, and 0.510, respectively.Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided vacuum aspiration after local injection of lauromacrogol is recommended for patients with type 2 CSP at <49 days of gestation. Laparotomy or laparoscopy combined with hysteroscopy is suitable for patients with gestation of >49 days, especially for those with >56 days of gestation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the curative effect of lauromacrogol foam sclerotherapy of uterine fibroids via transvaginal ultrasound-guided injection.Methods: Thirty premenopausal women with a total of thirty-one uterine fibroids were recruited consecutively and underwent transvaginal 3D-Power Doppler Angiography (PDA) at 0, 1, 3, and 6 months. Written informed consent was obtained from all of the patients. The changes in the fibroid 3D volume and relationships between the fibroid location and blood supply were analyzed. The relief of clinical symptoms and improvement in health-related quality of life (HRQL) were evaluated using the uterine fibroid symptom and quality-of-life (UFS-QOL) questionnaire before and after treatment for 6 months; adverse events were also assessed.Results: The mean baseline volumes ± SD were 61.2 ± 71.5 cm3 (range, 4.1 cm3 - 340.4 cm3) for the dominant fibroid. The mean values of percentage reduction in fibroid volume at 1, 3 and 6 months were 23.9% (range, 5.2% - 42.1%; 95%CI, 20.6% - 27.3%), 43.4% (range, 21.8% - 67.4%; 95%CI, 39.0% - 47.8%), and 60.0% (range, 31.8% - 83.2%; 95%CI, 55.2% - 64.9%), respectively, and the reduction was correlated with the location and blood supply. Additionally, the blood flow to the fibroids was markedly decreased. The clinical symptoms were greatly alleviated or even completely resolved, and the HRQL was notably improved (P < 0.001). Mild abdominal pain, paleness, vomiting, and cold sweat were most commonly reported adverse effects.Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided sclerotherapy of uterine fibroids with foam lauromacrogol is a simple, safe and useful method with a wide application prospect.

Aim: To introduce the novel use of lauromacrogol for cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP), and to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of curettage combined with ultrasound‐guided sclerosant injection (USI) and curettage following uterine artery embolization (UAE) in the treatment of CSP. Methods: CSP patients undergoing curettage combined with USI (n = 72) from December 2014 to May 2020 were compared to patient with curettage following UAE (n = 72).The basic clinical findings and clinical outcomes were reviewed between the two groups. Results: For USI group, 69 patients underwent successful treatment (95.8% success rate), while the number of cured patients for the UAE group was 70 (97.2% success rate). Differences between USI group and UAE group in intraoperative blood loss (10.0 [10.0–20.0] vs. 10.0 [10.0–20.0] mL) and time for serum β human chorionic gonadotropin (β‐hCG) to reduce to normal (28.0 [21.0–40.0] vs. 28.0 [21.0–35.0] days) were not statistically significant. The hospital stay for USI group was significantly shorter than that for UAE group (4.0 [4.0–6.0] vs. 6.0 [5.0–7.0] days, respectively). Statistically significant decreases were noted in hospitalization expenses and adverse events in USI group, compared to UAE group. There was no difference in live birth rate between the two groups with fertility intentions during the follow‐up. Conclusion: For treatment of CSP, curettage combined with USI yielded clinical results comparable to those of curettage following UAE. Curettage combined with USI was associated with lower hospitalization expenses, shorter hospital stay and less complications, and it merited an effective and safe treatment for CSP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of local lauromacrogol injection in the treatment of hypopharyngeal hemangioma. Methods: From Aug 2015 to May 2021, 13 consecutive patients suffering from hypopharyngeal hemangioma underwent local lauromacrogol injection assisted by endoscope in this prospective clinical series. All patients were followed up regularly and the therapeutic effects and complications were observed. Results: A total 13 of patients were enrolled, including 11 men and 2 women, with an average age of 48.5 years (range 25–76 years). The sizes of the hemangioma ranged from 0.5 × 1.0 cm to 3.5 × 3.5 cm. After 1 to 40 months of follow-up, 12 patients were cured and 1 was significantly effective after 1 to 4 (mean 1.8) injections. All patients suffered varying degrees of postoperative pain or foreign body sensation. 3 patients were significantly affected by local swelling of the injection site, 2 of which underwent prophylactic tracheostomy postoperatively and 1 patient returned to the ward with endotracheal intubation postoperatively. No complications such as mucosal ulceration, fever, and allergies occurred. Conclusions: Lauromacrogol injection is a safe and effective method to treat hypopharyngeal hemangioma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endometriosis is one of the most common diseases that happen in reproductive women. The main symptoms include ovarian endometrial cyst, pelvic pain, and so on. We report a case of a 23-year-old woman with a refractory long-course ovarian endometrial cyst (OEC). The patient was previously identified to have a hypoechoic mass sized 9.7 cm in diameter on ultrasound (US) in the right ovary and was tentatively diagnosed as OEC in another tertiary hospital, who was then subjected to US-guided cyst sclerotherapy while the procedure was failed since only a very small amount of viscous and sticky fluid can be aspirated. The patient was then referred to our hospital for further treatment. Pretreat contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) showed non-enhancement of the mass with a thin cyst wall and a cyst-in-cyst pattern was observed. The possibility of ovarian malignancy was ruled out and the initial diagnosis of OEC was confirmed. The patient was then subjected to US-guided cyst sclerotherapy with lauromacrogol. The interventional procedure was eventful that no fluid was aspirated as what happened in the previous hospital. Thus urokinase was used to dissolve the old, viscious and sticky blood and finally, all the fluid was aspirated. The total consumption of urokinase was 60,000 U. Then lauromacrogol as a sclerosant was injected into the cyst cavity and the cyst wall was flushed repeatedly with lauromacrogol until the aspirated fluid became light red. Finally, 20 mL lauromacrogol was reserved in the cyst and the interventional procedure cost 2 hours. The post-procedure course was uneventful without any discomfort, and the volume reduction rate of the cyst was 54%at 3-month follow-up. The visual analogue scale for the pain decreased from 4 before treatment to 1 after treatment, indicating a successful and effective outcome for the refractory long-course OEC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the short-term curative effect and long-term aesthetic effect of intralesional injection of lauromacrogol in the treatment of venous malformation. Methods The clinical data of 68 patients with venous malformation admitted in The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University of PLA from August 2015 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed, to evaluate the effective rate and long-term aesthetic effect of cinnamyl alcohol in the treatment of venous malformations. Results The effective rate of lauromacrogol injection in the treatment of venous malformation was 86.8%, and the long-term aesthetic scores ≥4 was 69.1%. There was no significant difference in the short-term curative effect and long-term aesthetic effect of patients with different ages and different parts (P>0.05). The short-term curative effect and long-term aesthetic effect of lauromacrogol in the treatment of single lesion were significantly better than the treatment of multiple lesions (P<0.05). When the lesion diameter was less than or equal to 3 cm, lauromacrogol showed good short-term curative effect and long-term aesthetic effect. Compared with the lesion diameter more than 3 cm, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Lauromacrogol injection is a safe and effective method in the treatment of venous malformation. It has the advantages of less dosage, significant curative effect, less adverse reactions and good anesthetic effect. It has more advantages in the treatment of small lesions and single lesions. It should be considerable for clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To evaluate the efficacy, safeness and cost of ultrasound-guided local lauromacrogol injection (USG-LLI) combined with curettage and hysteroscopy for cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP).Methods: This was a retrospective study included 151 CSP patients diagnosed with CSP from June 2017 to December 2019, and treated by USG-LLI (n = 86) or uterine artery embolization (UAE) (n = 65) combined with curettage and hysteroscopy. Clinical data and outcome were analyzed.Results: There were no significant differences in basic clinical characteristics in the two groups. Two groups showed the similar success rates. USG-LLI group, compared with UAE group had significantly lower complication rates (9.30 vs. 44.62%), lower total costs (both medical and non-medication cost) (p < 0.05).Conclusions: USG-LLI combined with curettage and hysteroscopy is a feasible method to treat CSP with minimal invasion and high efficacy. Moreover, compared with curettage after UAE, USG-LLI exhibited lower complication rate and required fewer expenses.

Background: Timely and effective intervention can avoid the need for hysterectomy in cervical pregnancy. This study reported 2 cervical pregnancy cases treated with lauromacrogol combined with intrauterine visualization system and vacuum aspiration under direct vision and negative pressure suction. Cases: A 33-year-old (para 0-0-2-0) and 26-year-old females (para 1-0-1-1) were admitted to our hospital for amenorrhoea followed by vaginal bleeding, with previous history of laparoscopic salpingectomy for ectopic pregnancy, and cesarean section and hysteroscopic resection of retained placenta after induced abortion, respectively. Both patients were treated with lauromacrogol combined with intrauterine visualization system and vacuum aspiration along with Foley catheter compression. Both surgeries were completed in one go. The effect was significant, safe, feasible, with no massive vaginal bleeding or complications. The serum hCG decreased rapidly, and the length of hospital stay was short. Conclusions: This combined treatment method has a definitive effect, and the application can be promoted clinically.

Objective To explore the efficacy and complications of absolute ethanol combined with lauromacrogol in the treatment of venous malformations in lower limbs. Methods The clinical data of 27 patients with venous malformations in the lower limbs from July 2015 to July 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the ages and tumors, the absolute ethanol and lauromacrogol were selected for multiple sclerotherapy. The average treatment of absolute ethanol was (2.59±2.19) /case, and the average single dose was (0.18 ± 0.04) ml/kg. The average treatment of lauromacrogol foam sclerosing agent was (3.30±2.57)/case, and the average single dose was (8.45 ± 3.10) ml. All patients were followed-up for 3 months to 2 years, the efficacy and complications were observed. Results In 27 patients, the symptoms were obviously improved and the tumor size was reduced. No recurrence was found. The average pain scores based on Wong-Banker face pain scale-revised (FPS-R) was (0.44 ± 0.85), which was significantly lower than that before the operation of (3.04 ± 1.23). The symptoms of patients were significantly improved. The main complications including swelling (100%), pain (100%), pigmentation (14.4%), blisters (7.4%) and skin ulcers (3.7%). Conclusion The efficacy of absolute ethanol combined with lauromacrogol foam sclerosing agent in the treatment of venous malformations in lower limbs was obvious. The safety of treatment was also improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This retrospective study examines the outcomes of sclerotherapy in children with (veno)lymphatic malformations who received sclerotherapy between 2011 and 2016 (116 children, 234 procedures). Complication severity was classified using the Society of Interventional Radiology classification. Clinical response was rated on a scale of 0 (no change) to 3 (good improvement). The sclerosants used were bleomycin (n = 132; 56%), lauromacrogol (n = 42; 18%), doxycycline (n = 15; 6%), ethanol (n = 12; 5%), or a combination (n = 33; 14%). Four major and 25 minor complications occurred without significant differences between the agents. The median response rate per procedure was 2—some improvement—for all sclerosants. However, in pure LMs (67%), bleomycin and a combination of agents resulted in the best clinical response. On patient level, all had some or good clinical response. Mixed macrocystic and microcystic lesions showed a significantly lower clinical response (median 2 versus 3; p = 0.023 and p = 0.036, respectively) and required significantly more procedures (median 2 versus 1; p = 0.043 and p = 0.044, respectively) compared with lesions with one component. Conclusion: Sclerotherapy for (V)LMs in children is safe and effective. Bleomycin is the most frequently used agent in this clinic and seemed most effective for pure LMs. Mixed macrocystic and microcystic lesions are most difficult to treat effectively. What is Known: • A variety of agents can be used for sclerotherapy of lymphatic malformations in children. • Macrocystic lesions have favorable outcomes compared with microcystic and mixed lesions. What is New: • Bleomycin and a combination of agents seem to be most effective to treat lymphatic malformations in children. • Mixed macrocystic and microcystic lesions are more difficult to treat effectively compared with lesions with either one of these components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infantile hemangiomas (IH) are at risk of incomplete regression with remnant permanent sequelae, ranging from passive waiting for spontaneous regression to active systemic administration. The application of traditional therapy involving injection of a sclerosing agent is limited due to the difficulty in achieving cosmetic improvement. This study aimed to explore a new injection method that could not only promote tumor regression but also achieve cosmetic improvement. A total of 122 IH (from 109 children) injected intralesionally with lauromacrogol in the Plastic Surgery Department of Fujian Medical University Union Hospital between 1 January 2012 and 1 June 2019 were enrolled in this study. The mean follow‐up time was 2.9 years. Of 122 lesions studied, 111 (91.0%) achieved complete regression, 10 (8.2%) achieved significant regression and one (0.8%) achieved moderate regression. In terms of aesthetic appearance, 70 (57.4%) IH had no sequelae and the A score was 5/5. Twenty‐one (17.2%) IH had minimal hyperpigmentation, hypopigmentation or telangiectasia and the A score was 4/5. Thirty‐one (25.4%) IH had left mild or relatively obvious sequelae and the A score was 1–3/5. None of the 122 IH involved had rebound growth after terminating the treatment. Hyper‐ or hypopigmentation gradually faded over time and part of the IH had already returned to normal appearance by the time of long‐term follow up. The results indicated that this new type of injection therapy significantly promoted the regression of uncomplicated IH and helped achieve the expected cosmetic appearance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundTo assess the efficacy and safeness of ultrasound guided lauromacrogol injection for ablation of benign cystic and predominantly cystic thyroid nodules.MethodsFrom July 2016 to July 2018, 102 patients with 107 nodules were treated with ultrasound guided lauromacrogol injections for ablation and 43 nodules completed at least 12 months follow-up. Nodules sonographic characteristics, volume changes before and after USG-LIA, and complications were evaluated.ResultsMean nodule volume decreased from 17.27 ± 20.51 ml to 5.35 ± 14.68ml (P < 0.05), and the overall resolution rate (volume reduction rate > 50%) was 91.67% in purely cysts and 75.90% in predominantly cystic nodules at the last follow-up. Within 6 months after treatment, the volume of the target nodule at each follow-up was smaller than the previous one (P < 0.001 for all). However, there was no significant difference of volume change between the 6th month and the 12th month. No severe complications occurred in this study.ConclusionUltrasound guided lauromacrogol injection for ablation is an effective and safe treatment modality in both purely cystic and predominantly cystic thyroid nodules.

Background: Gastric wall necrosis is a rare complication of endoscopic treatment for bleeding gastric ulcer, which may exacerbate the patient's condition once it occurs and may even require surgical intervention for treatment., Case Summary: A 59-year-old man was admitted to our department with melena. Endoscopy revealed a giant ulcer in the gastric antrum with a visible vessel in its center, which was treated with sclerosants and tissue glue injection and resulted in necrosis of the gastric wall., Conclusion: Injection of sclerosants and tissue glue may lead to gastric wall necrosis, which is a serious complication. Therefore, before administering this treatment to patients, we should consider other more effective methods of hemostasis to avoid gastric wall necrosis., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest to disclose., (©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

The efficacy of lauromacrogol injection therapy and intralesional triamcinolone for infantile hemangiomas (IH) has been well documented recently, but with an increase in serious or rare adverse reactions. The aim of this study is to investigate the safety concerns regarding intralesional injection of lauromacrogol combined with triamcinolone for IH and to study its effect on infant growth and development. A total of 1039 IH patients who were subjected to intralesional injection of lauromacrogol combined with triamcinolone in the Plastic Surgery Department of Shandong Provincial Hospital between 1 January 2015 and 31 May 2018 were enrolled in this study. When the dose of lauromacrogol and triamcinolone was less than 3.5 and 2.0 mg/kg respectively, no serious side‐effects were observed. The adverse event rate reported was 7.7%. Among the 405 patients not subjected to propranolol before the last injection, the study included three modes of treatment response: regression (82.7%), stabilization (13.8%) and failure (3.5%). By comparing height and weight to the reference standards and also by comparisons between the same‐sex groups, our results confirmed that there was no significant effect on children's height and weight, regardless of whether the injection therapy was combined with oral propranolol at the appropriate dose and with more than 4‐week intervals. Intralesional injection of lauromacrogol combined with triamcinolone in the treatment of IH was highly safe and effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To assess the efficacy and safeness of ultrasound guided lauromacrogol injection for ablation of benign cystic and predominantly cystic thyroid nodules. Methods: From July 2016 to July 2018, 102 patients with 107 nodules were treated with ultrasound guided lauromacrogol injections for ablation and 43 nodules completed at least 12 months follow-up. Nodules sonographic characteristics, volume changes before and after USG-LIA, and complications were evaluated. Results: Mean nodule volume decreased from 17.27 ± 20.51 ml to 5.35 ± 14.68ml (P < 0.05), and the overall resolution rate (volume reduction rate > 50%) was 91.67% in purely cysts and 75.90% in predominantly cystic nodules at the last follow-up. Within 6 months after treatment, the volume of the target nodule at each follow-up was smaller than the previous one (P < 0.001 for all). However, there was no significant difference of volume change between the 6th month and the 12th month. No severe complications occurred in this study. Conclusion: Ultrasound guided lauromacrogol injection for ablation is an effective and safe treatment modality in both purely cystic and predominantly cystic thyroid nodules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound-guided local lauromacrogol injection combined with aspiration for treating cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP).Methods: From July 2016 to December 2016, 18 patients diagnosed with CSP were treated with ultrasound-guided local lauromacrogol injection combined with aspiration. Clinical data and outcome were analysed.Results: All patients were treated successfully. The amount of bleeding ranged between 10 and 50 mL. The duration of hospitalization ranged between 2 and 11 days. Serum β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) decreased to the nondetectable level within 19-41 days. Menstruation recovery occurred after 10-24 days of normalization of serum β-hCG level. Reproductive functions were preserved, and there were no untoward effects or complications.Conclusions: Ultrasound-guided local lauromacrogol injection combined with aspiration is an effective CSP therapy, as it was associated with a high success rate, short hospitalization and fast recovery. However, its wider application and popularization have to be validated on a larger patient population affected by CSP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The value of interventional ultrasound in the diagnosis and treatment of submucous myoma of the uterus was assessed to study the ultrasonographic features of modified sonohysterography for submucous polyp of uterus. A total of 25 patients diagnosed preliminarily as submucous myoma of the uterus via conventional ultrasound examination from June 2014 to December 2016 were enrolled in the study. The diagnosis was made via the comprehensive analysis of ultrasound-guided modified SHG, followed by ultrasound-guided needle biopsy and sclerotherapy of tumor. After modified SHG and ultrasound-guided needle biopsy, 96% (24/25) cases were confirmed pathologically as submucous myoma of the uterus. After treatment, the maximum diameter of myoma in patients with submucous myoma of uterus was significantly different, and the volume of myoma was significantly reduced. After treatment, the clinical symptoms of patients with submucous myoma of the uterus were obviously improved compared to before treatment (P<0.05). It was found in the follow-up after treatment that a small number of patients suffered from mild abdominal pain, increased secretion, slight vaginal bleeding, cold sweat, pale complexion, dizziness and other symptoms, which, however, disappeared after treatment for about 1 week. The score of 36 item Short-Form Health Survey Questionnaire of patients with submucous myoma of the uterus was significantly different before and after treatment (P<0.05). Interventional ultrasonography can effectively diagnose the submucous myoma of uterus. The treatment of submucous myoma of uterus with ultrasound-guided intratumor injection of lauromacrogol is characterized by simple operation, which can effectively reduce the tumor diameter and volume, improve the blood flow in patients, reduce the postoperative adverse reactions and alleviate the patient's pain, so it is a new type of minimally invasive treatment method of submucous myoma of the uterus, and it is worthy of clinical promotion and application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: EUS-guided ablation with ethanol has been used to treat insulinoma since 2006 as a minimally invasive alternative for those who are unwilling or unsuitable for surgeries. However, pancreatic fistula, pancreatitis and other adverse effects were found after the procedure in these patients. Herein, we aimed to find a novel feasible injection. Methods: Seven patients with different chief complaints were diagnosed with insulinoma by symptoms, lab results and pathology results from EUS fine needle aspiration. All the patients refused to have surgeries and were treated by EUS-guided ablation with lauromacrogol. The injection volume was calculated by tumor size. All the patients were followed up by at least 1 month to see if there is any adverse effect. Blood glucose (BG), insulin and C-peptide levels were monitored before and after the procedure. Results: Insulinoma size ranged from 0.76 cm ×0.84 cm to 3.39 cm ×1.84 cm. With a mean injection volume of 1.9 ml (range from 0.9 to 3.9 ml), all the patients showed relief in symptoms after the procedure. During the follow up, their BG, insulin and C-peptide levels went back to normal. None of the patients had any adverse effect. Conclusions: EUS-guided ablation with lauromacrogol showed good treatment results and received no adverse effect after the procedure. Hence, we consider it as an effective and safe method to treat insulinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: To analyze the effect of ultrasound guided sclerosing agent lauromacrogol in the treatment of hepatic cysts. Methods: Eighty patients with hepatic cysts treated in our hospital between April 2011 and January 2015 were selected as study subjects- The subjects were divided into the control group(36 cases) and the treatment group（44 cases）. 36 cases in the control group were treated with anhydrous ethanol sclerosing agent while 44 cases in the treatment group were treated with lauromacrogol sclerotherapy. The cholinesterase (CHE), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and total bilirubin (TBIL) were determined before operation, at 1week and 6 months after operation. The treatment effect, adverse reactions and complications, hospitalization time and the time of cyst closure were compared between the two groups. Results: ① 1 week and 1 month after operation, the total effective rate of group B was higher than that of group A, but there only was significant difference at 1 week after operation (P<0.05). At 6 months after operation, the total effective rates in the two groups were similar (P>0.05); ② 1 week after operation, ALT and AST in group A increased. Compared with group B, there was significant difference (P<0.05). 6 months after operation, ALT of the two groups decreased (P>0.05); ③The incidence rates of abdominal pain, intracystic hemorrhage, intoxication and needle tract bleeding in group B were lower than those in group A, but there only were significant differences in the incidence of abdominal pain and intoxication (P<0.05); ④The hospitalization time and time of cyst closure of group B was shorter than that of group A (P<0.05). Conclusions: The application of ultrasound guided lauromacrogol sclerotherapy in the treatment of hepatic cysts, the effective rate is high and has little effect on the liver function of patients. Patients can recover quickly. The time of cyst closure is short and the safety is high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study the curative efficacy of transabdominal ultrasound-guided Lauromacrogol combined with radiofrequency ablation hi the treatment of fibroid and its effects on the serum estradiol (E2), luteinizing hormone (LH). follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels. Methods: 90 patients of fibroid who were treated from June 2014 to June 2015 hi our hospital were selected as the research objects. According to random number table,those patients were divided hito the observation group (n=45) and the control group (n=45). Both groups were routinely examined before operation, the control group was treated with transabdomhial ultrasound radiofrequency ablation, while the observation group was treated with transabdomhial ultrasound-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation combined with radiofrequency ablation. Then visual analogue scale (VAS). menstrual volume, uterine fibroid volume, uterine volume. E2. LH. FSH levels, myoma symptoms and quality of life score, curative effect were compared between two groups. Results: After treatment, the total effective rate of observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group [95.55%(43/45)vs75.55%(34/45)] (P< 0.05): the VAS score, menstrual volume were significantly lower than those of the control group [ (1.05± 0.23)score vs. (3.62± 0.50)score. (192.35± 22.10)mL 1 vs. (236.541 24.57)mL](P< 0.05): The myoma volume, uterine volume were significantly lower than those of the control group[(32.131 13.20)cm3 vs(40.81± 14.11 )cm3. (101.931 9.89)cm3vs(l 18.361 11.20) cm3](P< 0.05): the serum E2. LH. FSH levels were significantly lower than those before treatment, but there was no difference between the two groups (P>0.05); the fibroid symptoms score was significantly lower than that of the control group [(4.501 1.02)score vs. (10.341 2.21)score] (P< 0.05). the quality of life score was significantly higher than that of the control group [(95.361 14.29)score vs. (80.841 14.06)score](P< 0.05). Conclusion: Transabdominal ultrasound-guided lauromacrogol combined with radiofrequency ablation could enhance the efficacy of fibroid, which might be related to the decrease of serumlevels of E2, LH, and FSH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective We investigated the efficacy and safety of 1064 nm Nd: YAG laser, intense pulsed light (IPL), and lauromacrogol injection in the treatment of hemangioma, in order to evaluate the value of color Doppler ultrasound guidance in choosing the optimal treatment modality. Methods Infantile patients who were clinical diagnosed as hemangiomas were randomly divided into group A, who had color Doppler ultrasound examinations before the treatment, and group B who had the treatment without ultrasound evaluation. Patients in the group A were assigned into subgroups according to the depth of lesion by sonography: group A-1 for those who had a lesion depth <1.2 mm, and took intense pulsed light therapy; group A-2 for those who had a lesion depth ≥1.2mm and < 3 mm, and took long pulse 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser therapy; group A-3 for those who had a lesion depth ≥3mm and <5 mm, and were treated by IPL combined with long pulse 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser treatment; Group A-4 for those who had a lesion depth ≥5 mm, and took lauromacrogol injection therapy. Patients in the group B took long pulse 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser treatment without preoperative ultrasound evaluation. The efficacy and adverse reactions of the treatments between the groups were evaluated and compared statistically. Results Totally 113 patients with 128 skin lesions were enrolled in this study, 85 in the group A (mean age 6.8±7.9 months) and 28 in the group B (mean age 6.9±9.9 months). The mean depth of hemangioma was 3.3±1.1 mm in the group A, ranging from 0.5-7.8 mm, with 0.8±0.4 mm, 2.2±0.4 mm, 4.2±0.6 mm and 6.2±0.7 mm in group A1, A2, A3 and A4, respectively. The cure rates and effective rates in the group A were significantly higher than those in the group B (cure rates: 64.5% vs 56.3%, U =3.378, P =0.045; effective rates: 89.5% vs 78.1%, U =4.163, P =0.041). The adverse effect rates of the group A (vesicle 20.0%, pigmentation 46.9%, scarring 17.7%) were lower than those of the group B (vesicle 21.9%, pigmentation 60.4%, scarring 25.0%). Incidences of pigmentation and scarring were statistically significantly different ( U =3.884, P =0.034, and U =4.016, P =0.032 respectively) between the two groups. Conclusion With the guidance of color Doppler ultrasound, the efficacy and safety of long pulse 1064 nmNd:YAG laser, intense pulsed light, and lauromacrogol injection in the treatment of infantile hemangioma have better outcomes compared to laser treatment alone without preoperative ultrasound examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Compared with the current commonly used pretreatment approaches, the therapeutic effect of contrast-enhanced ultrasound-guided sclerotherapy with lauromacrogol injection (CEUSL) on cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) is not clear. This study aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of CEUSL compared with gelatin sponge uterine artery embolization (UAE) and UAE combined with methotrexate (UAEM) in the pretreatment of CSP to prevent massive bleeding during subsequent curettage., Methods: Sixty-four patients were divided into the CEUSL (n=20), UAE (n=22), and UAEM (n=22) groups. All patients with CSP underwent curettage and hysteroscopy after CEUSL, UAE, or UAEM pretreatment. The efficacy and safety indicators after pretreatment were analyzed., Results: Time for pretreatment [95% confidence interval (CI): 31.92-39.28] and hospitalization cost (95% CI: 7,852.32-9,063.23) were significantly decreased in the CEUSL group compared with that in the UAE (95% CI: 53.55-59.99% and 95% CI: 12,901.42-15,166.63, respectively) and the UAEM group (95% CI: 52.90-58.83 and 95% CI: 11,324.66-13,302.69, respectively; P<0.001). The beta human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) percentage decrease 24 hours later and the hospital stay were significantly decreased in the CEUSL group (95% CI: 0.65-0.70 and 95% CI: 3.32-4.58 days, respectively) compared with those in the UAE (95% CI: 0.67-0.74 and 95% CI: 4.06-5.84, respectively) or UAEM (95% CI: 0.62-0.68 and 95% CI: 4.12-5.88, respectively) groups (P<0.05). After pretreatment, there were significantly fewer patients (P<0.05) with fever (95% CI: -0.52 to -0.093), pelvic pain (95% CI: -0.427 to -0.018), increased white blood cell count (95% CI: -0.359 to 0.040), and hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) elevation (95% CI: -0.572 to -0.118) in the CEUSL group than in the UAE or UAEM groups. At follow-up, all patients resumed normal menstruation, with no residual gestational sac on ultrasound imaging or sequel., Conclusions: The pretreatment procedures were all technically successful, with good outcomes in different pretreatment procedures. Compared with UAE with or without methotrexate, CEUSL may be as effective and safe for pretreatment of CSP, with fewer adverse effects and shorter pretreatment time and hospital stay., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://qims.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/qims-22-190/coif). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (2023 Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery. All rights reserved.)

Background: To study the curative effect of sclerotherapy with lauromacrogol on a rabbit VX2 implanted liver tumor model, the effect of ultrasound-guided sclerotherapy with different doses of lauromacrogol in the treatment of the rabbit VX2 implanted liver tumor model and the degree of damage to the surrounding liver tissue was compared and observed. The relationship between the sclerosing effect and drug dose of lauromacrogol in the treatment of liver cancer is preliminarily discussed., Methods: Thirty rabbit models of liver cancer were randomly divided into 5 groups. Control Group A was injected with normal saline, control Group B was injected with absolute ethanol, experimental Group C was injected with lauromacrogol (Z =2.885D); the injection volume in experimental Group D was 1.5-fold higher than that in Group C; and the injection volume in experimental Group E was 2-fold higher than that in Group C. Changes in tumor volume were followed up by ultrasound before and 7 and 14 days after the operation; contrast-enhanced ultrasonography was used to measure the volume of the ablation area and volume rate. For pathological anatomy, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining were used to observe tumor cell necrosis and the degree of damage to surrounding normal liver cells. The expression levels of the apoptosis-related protein cleaved-caspase 3 and the cell proliferation antigen Ki67 were examined by immunohistochemistry., Results: The volumes in Groups A and C increased significantly. The volumes in Groups B, D, and E remained the same or slightly expanded, tumor growth in the three groups was significantly inhibited after sclerotherapy. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography showed that the ablation volume and ablation volume rate in Groups B, D, and E were similar. Group C were smaller than those in the other treatment groups. Large coagulative necrotic foci were observed in the central area of tumors in Groups B, D, and E., Conclusions: The experiment demonstrates that lauromacrogol can inhibit tumor growth in the rabbit VX2 tumor model and cause VX2 tumor cell apoptosis. The sclerosing effect of the 1.5-fold amount of lauromacrogol is equivalent to that of absolute ethanol, with little effect on normal liver tissue., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://jgo.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/jgo-23-16/coif). Dr. ZX is from Shenzhen Mindray Biomedical Electronics Co., Ltd. The other authors have no conflicts of interest., (2023 Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology. All rights reserved.)