314 results on '"Biomedical polymers"'
Search Results
2. Biomedical applications of polymers in biosensors, cancer vaccines and drug delivery systems.
- Author
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Selvakumar, P.
- Subjects
- *
DRUG delivery systems , *CANCER vaccines , *MEDICAL polymers , *ANTINEOPLASTIC agents , *BIOMATERIALS , *BIOSENSORS , *PEPTIDES - Abstract
To analyze the substantial development of biomedical polymers in a number of potential biomedical domains, including the disease diagnosis and therapy. Results. The relationship between material's properties and functions for matching biomedical applications is thoroughly elucidated in this paper, along with a rundown of current advancements in the production and appliance of biomedical polymers. The peptide, biomembrane, microbe and cell-based biomedical polymers are presented and highlighted as new biomaterials for the tumor precision treatment. Additionally, the prospects and difficulties of creating the future biomedical polymers, which are healthier, safer, and more effective, are appraised. Conclusions. This systematic and in-depth analysis of the most recent advancements in the biomedical polymers development is intended to inspire and promote new discoveries in the basic science and clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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3. Current Trends in the Synthesis of Inorganic and Organoelement Phosphorus- and Sulfur-Containing Polymers. A Review.
- Author
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Tarasova, N. P., Krivoborodov, E. G., and Mezhuev, Ya. O.
- Subjects
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INORGANIC synthesis , *SUSTAINABLE chemistry , *WASTEWATER treatment , *VULCANIZATION , *POLYMERIZATION , *POLYMERS - Abstract
An analysis of literature data on the set of reactions for the production of macromolecules with a high content of phosphorus and sulfur has been carried out, and basic approaches that allow the introduction of these elements into the composition of polymers and polymeric materials have been considered in compliance with the fundamental principles of green chemistry. Methods for synthesis of functional polymers under mild conditions that require minimal energy input from external sources, which can become new growth points for green industrial technologies, are considered. Particular attention focuses on the synthesis of polyphosphazenes and polyphosphoesters for biomedical purposes, as well as on the inverse vulcanization reaction to give polymers used in sorption wastewater treatment, the creation of current sources, and IR optics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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4. Nanocellulose Biocomposites for Bone Tissue Engineering
- Author
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Singh, Amandeep, Kumari, Kamlesh, Kundu, Patit Paban, and Barhoum, Ahmed, editor
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- 2022
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5. Polyurethane Nanocomposites for Bone Tissue Engineering
- Author
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Singh, Amandeep, Kumari, K., Kundu, P. P., Prasad, Ram, Series Editor, Sarma, Hemen, editor, Gupta, Sonam, editor, Narayan, Mahesh, editor, and Krishnan, Anand, editor
- Published
- 2022
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6. Recent Advances in Nanomaterials for Asthma Treatment.
- Author
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Zuo, Xu, Guo, Xiaoping, Gu, Yinuo, Zheng, Haoyu, Zhou, Zhengjie, Wang, Xinlei, Jiang, Shengyu, Wang, Guoqiang, Xu, Caina, and Wang, Fang
- Subjects
- *
DRUG delivery systems , *INHALERS , *COMBINATION drug therapy , *NANOSTRUCTURED materials , *TECHNOLOGICAL innovations , *ASTHMA , *DRUG bioavailability - Abstract
Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease with complex mechanisms, and these patients often encounter difficulties in their treatment course due to the heterogeneity of the disease. Currently, clinical treatments for asthma are mainly based on glucocorticoid-based combination drug therapy; however, glucocorticoid resistance and multiple side effects, as well as the occurrence of poor drug delivery, require the development of more promising treatments. Nanotechnology is an emerging technology that has been extensively researched in the medical field. Several studies have shown that drug delivery systems could significantly improve the targeting, reduce toxicity and improve the bioavailability of drugs. The use of multiple nanoparticle delivery strategies could improve the therapeutic efficacy of drugs compared to traditional delivery methods. Herein, the authors presented the mechanisms of asthma development and current therapeutic methods. Furthermore, the design and synthesis of different types of nanomaterials and micromaterials for asthma therapy are reviewed, including polymetric nanomaterials, solid lipid nanomaterials, cell membranes-based nanomaterials, and metal nanomaterials. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives of these nanomaterials are discussed to provide guidance for further research directions and hopefully promote the clinical application of nanotherapeutics in asthma treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Recent progress in nanocomposites of carbon dioxide fixation derived reproducible biomedical polymers
- Author
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Xin Liu, Zhiwen Jiang, Dejun Xing, Yan Yang, Zhiying Li, and Zhiqiang Sun
- Subjects
nanocomposites ,carbon dioxide fixation ,reproducible ,biomedical polymers ,decarbonization ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
In recent years, the environmental problems accompanying the extensive application of biomedical polymer materials produced from fossil fuels have attracted more and more attentions. As many biomedical polymer products are disposable, their life cycle is relatively short. Most of the used or overdue biomedical polymer products need to be burned after destruction, which increases the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2). Developing biomedical products based on CO2 fixation derived polymers with reproducible sources, and gradually replacing their unsustainable fossil-based counterparts, will promote the recycling of CO2 in this field and do good to control the greenhouse effect. Unfortunately, most of the existing polymer materials from renewable raw materials have some property shortages, which make them unable to meet the gradually improved quality and property requirements of biomedical products. In order to overcome these shortages, much time and effort has been dedicated to applying nanotechnology in this field. The present paper reviews recent advances in nanocomposites of CO2 fixation derived reproducible polymers for biomedical applications, and several promising strategies for further research directions in this field are highlighted.
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- 2022
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8. SYNTHETIC POLYMERS AND THEIR USE IN CLINICAL MEDICINE: A NARATIVE REVIEW.
- Author
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Hassan, Taimoor, Saeed, Sana, Ahmad, Ashfaq, Ahmed, Farooq, Ali, Yasir, and Khalid, Shehzad
- Subjects
- *
BIOPOLYMERS , *CLINICAL medicine , *POLYMERS , *MEDICAL polymers - Abstract
A plethora of synthetic, hybrid and biological polymers are widely being used in medical applications. Many polymers are helpful in our civic activities. Their peculiar chemical, physical, and biological properties are applicable in multiple domains of life from engineering to medicine. This review specifically addresses the novel polymers and their applications in clinical medicine. It has been reported by the researchers that, synthetic polymers are not only playing tremendous roles in micro and macro medical-industry but these also play a remarkable role at nano levels as nano-drug carriers in pharmaceuticals. In this review, we will give a brief introduction of polymers and how they are widely being used in medicinal interventions. We will further shed light on the future prospects of polymers with an updated version. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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9. Synthesis of Poly Ester Amide with Amino Acids Function as Drug Polymers.
- Author
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Aziz, Manal A., Mohammed, Abeer A. R., and Diab, Abdul K. S.
- Subjects
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MEDICAL polymers , *POLYCONDENSATION , *POLYMERS , *DIOXANE , *MOIETIES (Chemistry) - Abstract
In this work, new polymers were synthesized by condensation polymerization and reacted with sulfonail amide to get drug polymers (poly ester amide) at 90C°using mixture of DMF & dioxane (1:1). Synthetic biomedical polymers and their derivatives are frequently utilised in medical and pharmaceutical purposes. Recently, Specific consideration has been showed to chemical features of biocompatible polymers, since these polymers have an benefit of being quickly hydrolyzed into easy get rid of and non-toxic results which can be subsequently removed via metabolic pathways. The new polymer which has bioactive group's moiety were determined physical features by FTIR & UV techniques. In addition to its biochemical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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10. Recent Advances in Nanomaterials for Asthma Treatment
- Author
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Xu Zuo, Xiaoping Guo, Yinuo Gu, Haoyu Zheng, Zhengjie Zhou, Xinlei Wang, Shengyu Jiang, Guoqiang Wang, Caina Xu, and Fang Wang
- Subjects
biomedical polymers ,asthma ,nanoparticles ,drug delivery ,nanomaterials ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease with complex mechanisms, and these patients often encounter difficulties in their treatment course due to the heterogeneity of the disease. Currently, clinical treatments for asthma are mainly based on glucocorticoid-based combination drug therapy; however, glucocorticoid resistance and multiple side effects, as well as the occurrence of poor drug delivery, require the development of more promising treatments. Nanotechnology is an emerging technology that has been extensively researched in the medical field. Several studies have shown that drug delivery systems could significantly improve the targeting, reduce toxicity and improve the bioavailability of drugs. The use of multiple nanoparticle delivery strategies could improve the therapeutic efficacy of drugs compared to traditional delivery methods. Herein, the authors presented the mechanisms of asthma development and current therapeutic methods. Furthermore, the design and synthesis of different types of nanomaterials and micromaterials for asthma therapy are reviewed, including polymetric nanomaterials, solid lipid nanomaterials, cell membranes-based nanomaterials, and metal nanomaterials. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives of these nanomaterials are discussed to provide guidance for further research directions and hopefully promote the clinical application of nanotherapeutics in asthma treatment.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. E-selectin-targeted polymer-doxorubicin conjugate induces regression of established colorectal liver metastases and improves mice survival.
- Author
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Rütter, Marie, Milošević, Nenad, Ventura, Yvonne, Feinshtein, Valeria, and David, Ayelet
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COLORECTAL liver metastasis ,IRINOTECAN ,DOXORUBICIN ,LIVER metastasis ,CELL adhesion molecules ,DISEASE relapse - Abstract
Liver metastases arising from colorectal cancer (CRC) are a major challenge for cancer treatment, as they often emerge as unresectable and resistant to therapy. Novel treatments targeting the specific metastatic tumor microenvironment (TME) may improve the therapeutic outcome. One relevant receptor at the TME in the liver is the endothelial-expressed cell adhesion molecule E-selectin. In this study, we showed in a mouse model of aggressive CT26-derived liver metastasis, that the delivery of otherwise non-effective Doxorubicin via an E-selectin-targeted polymer-peptide-drug conjugate reduced tumor burden of liver metastases and significantly prolonged survival, with ∼50% of mice being tumor-free. In contrast to B16-derived lung metastases, which can successfully be prevented by a "drug-free" E-selectin-blocking copolymer, neither E-selectin-blocking pre-treatment nor the combination with targeted Doxorubicin-delivery proved beneficial against CT26 liver metastasis. In-depth inquiry revealed that E-selectin-blockade by the "drug-free" copolymer reduced E-selectin expression in metastatic livers, but did not prevent CT26 liver colonization, and increased the prevalence of B-cells, possibly indicating an ambiguous role of these cells. However, it did not significantly alter leukocyte migration into the malignant tissue. Overall, targeting E-selectin with nanomedicines is a highly efficient strategy to treat established liver metastases, while the benefit of E-selectin blockade by itself may depend on tumor type and TME-specific factors. [Display omitted] • Colorectal cancer liver metastases of mice regressed upon a single treatment with E-selectin-targeted polymer-drug conjugate. • Overall, 50% of the P-Esbp-Dox treated mice survived with no disease recurrence. • E-selectin blocking copolymer reduced E-selectin expression in metastatic livers but did not affect metastatic growth. • E-selectin is a viable target for drug delivery, but its blockade may have ambiguous effects at the TME. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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12. Natural and Synthetic Polymers for Designing Composite Materials
- Author
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Simionescu, Bogdan C., Ivanov, Daniela, and Antoniac, Iulian Vasile, editor
- Published
- 2016
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13. Charged Fibrous Dressing to Promote Diabetic Chronic Wound Healing.
- Author
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Yang X, Li W, Liu Y, Cao N, He Y, Sun Q, and Zhou S
- Subjects
- Mice, Animals, Humans, Wound Healing, Bandages, Cell Movement, Bacterial Infections, Diabetes Mellitus
- Abstract
Diabetic chronic wounds cause a significant amount of pain to patients because of their low cure rates and high recurrence rates. Traditional approaches to treating diabetic chronic wounds often involve the delivery of drugs or cytokines that regulate the microenvironment and eliminate bacterial infection in the wound area, but they are passive in controlling cell behaviors and may lead to drug resistance. Emerging drug-free wound treatments are important for convenient, effective, and safe treatment strategies. However, the current approaches cannot fully promote tissue regeneration or prevent bacterial infections. Here, the efficacy of a negatively charged fiber dressing in promoting diabetic chronic wound healing is investigated. The negatively charged fiber dressing can generate reactive oxygen species to inhibit bacterial reproduction with the assistance of ultrasound during the inflammatory phase. Furthermore, the dressing provides an electrostatic field that regulates cellular behavior during the inflammatory and proliferative phases. In particular, the dressing can promote fibroblast migration and induce macrophage polarization and neovascularization without any additional drugs. It is demonstrated that this strategy enables the healing of diabetic chronic wounds in a mouse model, achieving effective wound closure over a 12-day treatment cycle and providing a drug-free therapeutic strategy for diabetic chronic wound care., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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14. Current state of the polymeric delivery systems of fluoroquinolones – A review.
- Author
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Mulas, Karolina, Stefanowicz, Zdzisława, Oledzka, Ewa, and Sobczak, Marcin
- Subjects
- *
POLYMERIC nanocomposites , *FLUOROQUINOLONES , *TARGETED drug delivery , *DRUG efficacy , *ANTIBIOTICS - Abstract
Abstract Recently, growing interest in polymers (natural and synthetic) as drug carriers in controlled release formulations and drug targeting systems that may improve the efficacy of treatment and reduce the side effects of a drug therapy, has been observed. Special attention has been paid to improving the effectiveness of antibiotics, which constitute a very important, often life-saving group of drugs. In this paper, we review polymers as macromolecular carriers of fluoroquinolones, a group of antibiotics with a broad spectrum of activity. We consider both physical intermixtures and chemical conjugates, although we discuss in greater depth the latter type of coupling, in which covalent bonds between drug molecules and polymers occur. Graphical abstract Unlabelled Image [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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15. Surface Properties of Polymeric Composites with Silver Nanoparticles.
- Author
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Ziąbka, Magdalena and Dziadek, Michał
- Subjects
POLYMERIC composites ,SILVER nanoparticles ,ANTIBACTERIAL agents ,ANTI-infective agents ,NANOSTRUCTURED materials - Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the surface properties of polymeric composites and the osteoblastic cell behaviour set in direct contact with the biomaterials tested. The surface properties were evaluated before and after 6-month incubation in an in vitro environment. The composite materials were prepared by means of extrusion and injection moulding. Three commercially available thermoplastic polymers (ABS (poly)acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) were used as composite matrices. Antibacterial silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were added as a modifying phase. Surface properties of the materials tested, such as: wettability, roughness and microstructure, were determined. Furthermore the morphology of Saos-2 human osteoblastic cells in direct contact with the composite materials was assessed after the 7-day culture. The addition of silver nanoparticles caused minor changes in the wettability and roughness values. As light modification, the silver nanoparticles influenced the microstructure. The osteoblasts displayed the proper morphology and they evenly settled on the surface of the pure polymer and composite materials, which indicated the material cytocompatibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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16. Efficient Diethylzinc/Gallic Acid and Diethylzinc/Gallic Acid Ester Catalytic Systems for the Ring-Opening Polymerization of rac-Lactide
- Author
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Karolina Żółtowska, Urszula Piotrowska, Ewa Oledzka, and Marcin Sobczak
- Subjects
biomedical polymers ,polylactide ,ring-opening polymerization ,zinc-based catalysts ,gallic acid ,propyl gallate ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
Polylactide (PLA) represents one of the most promising biomedical polymers due to its biodegradability, bioresorbability and good biocompatibility. This work highlights the synthesis and characterization of PLAs using novel diethylzinc/gallic acid (ZnEt2/GAc) and diethylzinc/propyl gallate (ZnEt2/PGAc) catalytic systems that are safe for human body. The results of the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of rac-lactide (rac-LA) in the presence of zinc-based catalytic systems have shown that, depending on the reaction conditions, “predominantly isotactic”, disyndiotactic or atactic PLA can be obtained. Therefore, the controlled and stereoselective ROP of rac-LA is discussed in detail in this paper.
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- 2015
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17. Assessment of the biocompatibility of PHB and P(HB-HV)
- Author
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Kennedy, Joanne Elizabeth
- Subjects
610.28 ,Biomedical polymers - Published
- 1990
18. Development and Characterization of Polyester and Acrylate-Based Composites with Hydroxyapatite and Halloysite Nanotubes for Medical Applications
- Author
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Elena Torres, Ivan Dominguez-Candela, Sergio Castello-Palacios, Anna Vallés-Lluch, and Vicent Fombuena
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biomedical polymers ,hydroxyapatite ,halloysite ,mechanical properties ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
We aimed to study the distribution of hydroxyapatite (HA) and halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) as fillers and their influence on the hydrophobic character of conventional polymers used in the biomedical field. The hydrophobic polyester poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) was blended with its more hydrophilic counterpart poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and the hydrophilic acrylate poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) was analogously compared to poly (ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA) and its copolymer. The addition of HA and HNTs clearly improve surface wettability in neat samples (PCL and PHEMA), but not that of the corresponding binary blends. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy mapping analyses show a homogenous distribution of HA with appropriate Ca/P ratios between 1.3 and 2, even on samples that were incubated for seven days in simulated body fluid, with the exception of PHEMA, which is excessively hydrophilic to promote the deposition of salts on its surface. HNTs promote large aggregates on more hydrophilic polymers. The degradation process of the biodegradable polyester PCL blended with PLA, and the addition of HA and HNTs, provide hydrophilic units and decrease the overall crystallinity of PCL. Consequently, after 12 weeks of incubation in phosphate buffered saline the mass loss increases up to 48% and mechanical properties decrease above 60% compared with the PCL/PLA blend.
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- 2020
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19. Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering
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Chen, Qizhi, Danquah, Michael K., editor, and Mahato, Ram I., editor
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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20. Application of Diethylzinc/Propyl Gallate Catalytic System for Ring-Opening Copolymerization of rac-Lactide and ε-Caprolactone
- Author
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Rafał Wyrębiak, Ewa Oledzka, Ramona Figat, and Marcin Sobczak
- Subjects
ring-opening polymerization ,zinc catalyst ,ε-caprolactone ,rac-lactide ,biodegradable polyesters ,biomedical polymers ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
Biodegradable polyesters gain significant attention because of their wide potential biomedical applications. The ring-opening polymerization method is widely used to obtain such polymers, due to high yields and advantageous properties of the obtained material. The preparation of new, effective, and bio-safe catalytic systems for the synthesis of biomedical polymers is one of the main directions of the research in modern medical chemistry. The new diethylzinc/propyl gallate catalytic system was first used in the copolymerization of ε-caprolactone and rac-lactide. In this paper, the activity of the new zinc-based catalytic system in the copolymerization of cyclic esters depending on the reaction conditions was described. The microstructure analysis of the obtained copolyesters and their toxicity studies were performed. Resulted copolyesters were characterized by low toxicity, moderate dispersity (1.19−1.71), varying randomness degree (0.18−0.83), and average molar mass (5300−9800 Da).
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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21. Stable Hydrophilic Polydimethylsiloxane Surfaces Produced by Plasma Treatment for Enhanced Cell Adhesion
- Author
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Jensen, C., Gurevich, L., Patriciu, A., Struijk, J., Zachar, V., Pennisi, C. P., Magjarevic, Ratko, editor, Dremstrup, Kim, editor, Rees, Steve, editor, and Jensen, Morten Ølgaard, editor
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of α-aminophosphonates containing chitosan moiety
- Author
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El-Refaie S. Kenawy, Mohamed M. Azaam, and Khalil M. Saad-Allah
- Subjects
α-Aminophosphonate ,Chitosan ,Antimicrobial polymers ,Biomedical polymers ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
A novel series of α-aminophosphonates containing chitosan moiety was obtained in high yields from reactions of chitosan with aromatic aldehydes and triphenylphosphite in the presence of lithium perchlorate as a catalyst. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by IR and 1H NMR spectral data. Compounds (1–4) showed high antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli (NCIM2065), Serratia marcescens, Enterobacter cloacae, Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella enterica and Proteus vulgaris as Gram-negative bacteria, Bacillus subtilis (PC1219) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25292) as Gram-positive bacteria and Candida albicans as a fungus, at low concentrations (2.5–10 mg/mL).
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Novel Zinc-Catalytic Systems for Ring-Opening Polymerization of ε-Caprolactone
- Author
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Karolina Żółtowska, Marcin Sobczak, and Ewa Olędzka
- Subjects
poly(ε-caprolactone) ,aliphatic polyesters ,biomedical polymers ,ring-opening polymerization ,diethylzinc ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
Polycaprolactone (PCL) is a biodegradable synthetic polymer that is currently widely used in many pharmaceutical and medical applications. In this paper we describe the coordination ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone in the presence of two newly synthesized catalytic systems: diethylzinc/gallic acid and diethylzinc/propyl gallate. The chemical structures of the obtained PCLs were characterized by 1H- or 13C-NMR, FTIR spectroscopy and MALDI TOF mass spectrometry. The average molecular weight of the resulting polyesters was analysed by gel permeation chromatography and a viscosity method. The effects of temperature, reaction time and type of catalytic system on the polymerization process were examined. Linear PCLs with defined average molecular weight were successfully obtained. Importantly, in some cases the presence of macrocyclic products was not observed during the polymerization process. This study provides an effective method for the synthesis of biodegradable polyesters for medical and pharmaceutical applications due to the fact that gallic acid/propyl gallate are commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
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24. Bioactive Polymer/Hydroxyapatite (Nano)composites for Bone Tissue Regeneration
- Author
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Pielichowska, Kinga, Blazewicz, Stanislaw, Abe, Akihiro, editor, Dusek, Karel, editor, and Kobayashi, Shiro, editor
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Enzymatic Polymerization of Cyclic Monomers in Ionic Liquids as a Prospective Synthesis Method for Polyesters Used in Drug Delivery Systems
- Author
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Urszula Piotrowska and Marcin Sobczak
- Subjects
biomedical polymers ,macromolecular conjugates of drugs ,enzymatic ring opening polymerization ,ionic liquids ,biodegradable polyesters ,drug delivery systems ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
Biodegradable or bioresorbable polymers are commonly used in various pharmaceutical fields (e.g., as drug delivery systems, therapeutic systems or macromolecular drug conjugates). Polyesters are an important class of polymers widely utilized in pharmacy due to their biodegradability and biocompatibility features. In recent years, there has been increased interest in enzyme-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization (e-ROP) of cyclic esters as an alternative method of preparation of biodegradable or bioresorbable polymers. Ionic liquids (ILs) have been presented as green solvents in enzymatic ring-opening polymerization. The activity, stability, selectivity of enzymes in ILs and the ability to catalyze polyester synthesis under these conditions are discussed. Overall, the review demonstrates that e-ROP of lactones or lactides could be an effective method for the synthesis of useful biomedical polymers.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
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26. Evaluation and investigation of grinding process of biomedical polymer (PEEK)
- Author
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Hossein Amirabadi, Mohammad Khoran, and Bahman Azarhoushang
- Subjects
Grinding process ,0209 industrial biotechnology ,Materials science ,Mechanical Engineering ,Biomedical polymers ,02 engineering and technology ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Grinding ,Specific strength ,Polyether ether ketone ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,020303 mechanical engineering & transports ,020901 industrial engineering & automation ,0203 mechanical engineering ,chemistry ,Creep ,Peek ,Specific energy ,Composite material - Abstract
Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) has been widely used in the medical engineering due to its high strength to weight ratio, creep and wear-resistance, and anti-allergically properties. Grinding is generally used to produce PEEK parts with high accuracy and surface quality requirements. In this research, the tool loading and the effect of cryogenic cooling in the grinding of PEEK are studied for the first time. It is shown that the generated heat in the grinding process, which is mainly influenced by the tool micro-topography, process parameter, and coolant lubricant has an important role in the surface integrity of PEEK. Additionally, the influence of specific material removal rate and the dressing speed ratio on the specific grinding energy of PEEK was studied. The input parameters of the grinding process that are investigated in this study include cutting speed (vs), depth of cut (ae), and feed rate (vft). To investigate the grinding wheel topography, the effects of dressing overlap ratio (Ud) and the dressing speed ratio (qd) were also investigated. Grinding force, surface roughness, and loading of the grinding wheel were considered as output parameters. The experiments were designed based on response surface methodology and the optimum cutting condition was obtained based on this method. The depth of cut and the dressing overlap ratio had respectively the maximum and minimum impact on the surface roughness and cutting forces. Additionally, the tool loading was mainly influenced by the cutting speed.
- Published
- 2021
27. Toward Renewable and Functional Biomedical Polymers with Tunable Degradation Rates Based on Itaconic Acid and 1,8-Octanediol
- Author
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Milica Radisic, Scott B. Campbell, Locke Davenport Huyer, Angus Lam, Yufeng Shou, J. Paul Santerre, and Alexander J. Lausch
- Subjects
Green chemistry ,1,8-Octanediol ,Materials science ,Polymers and Plastics ,Biocompatibility ,Process Chemistry and Technology ,Biomedical polymers ,Organic Chemistry ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Polyester ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Monomer ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,Degradation (geology) ,Itaconic acid ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Biomedical polymers face rigid requirements for the biocompatibility of their monomers, the final polymeric product, and their residual reagents from their synthesis schemes. However, their prepara...
- Published
- 2021
28. Polymeric Systems of Antimicrobial Peptides—Strategies and Potential Applications
- Author
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Ewa Olędzka, Ryszard Kozłowski, Cezary Dębek, and Marcin Sobczak
- Subjects
biomedical polymers ,peptides with antimicrobial activity ,polymeric carriers ,biodegradable polymers ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
The past decade has seen growing interest in the investigation of peptides with antimicrobial activity (AMPs). One approach utilized in infection control is incorporation of antimicrobial agents conjugated with the polymers. This review presents the recent developments on polymeric AMP carriers and their potential applications in the biomedical and pharmaceutical fields.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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29. Immobilized enzymes in inorganic hybrid nanoflowers for biocatalytic and biosensing applications
- Author
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Xiao Liang, Kai Wen, Yong Liu, Wei Jiang, and Quanshun Li
- Subjects
Reaction conditions ,Immobilized enzyme ,Polymers ,Chemistry ,Biomedical polymers ,Biomedical Engineering ,Nanotechnology ,Biosensing Techniques ,General Chemistry ,General Medicine ,Mineralization (soil science) ,Enzymes, Immobilized ,Acetylcholine ,Nanostructures ,Key factors ,Central Nervous System Diseases ,Biocatalysis ,Humans ,Environmental Pollutants ,General Materials Science ,Biosensor ,Biomarkers - Abstract
Enzyme immobilization has been accepted as a powerful technique to solve the drawbacks of free enzymes such as limited activity, stability and recyclability under harsh conditions. Different from the conventional immobilization methods, enzyme immobilization in inorganic hybrid nanoflowers was executed in a biomimetic mineralization manner with the advantages of mild reaction conditions, and thus it was beneficial to obtain ideal biocatalysts with superior characteristics. The key factors influencing the formation of enzyme-based inorganic hybrid nanoflowers were elucidated to obtain a deeper insight into the mechanism for achieving unique morphology and improved properties of immobilized enzymes. To date, immobilized enzymes in inorganic hybrid nanoflowers have been successfully applied in biocatalysis for preparing medical intermediates, biodiesel and biomedical polymers, and solving the environmental or food industrial issues such as the degradation of toxic dyes, pollutants and allergenic proteins. Moreover, they could be used in the development of various biosensors, which provide a promising platform to detect toxic substances in the environment or biomarkers associated with various diseases. We hope that this review will promote the fundamental research and wide applications of immobilized enzymes in inorganic hybrid nanoflowers for expanding biocatalysis and biosensing.
- Published
- 2021
30. Controlled synthesis of polypeptides
- Author
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Yang Liu, Jianxun Ding, Di Li, and Xuesi Chen
- Subjects
Reaction conditions ,Chemistry ,Biomedical polymers ,Dispersity ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Biocompatible material ,01 natural sciences ,Combinatorial chemistry ,0104 chemical sciences ,Catalysis ,Polymerization ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Polypeptides are one kind of promising biodegradable and biocompatible biomedical polymers with the structural units of various α-amino acids. Polypeptides were first polymerized by the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs) by Leuchs and Hermann in 1906. In the past decades, several effective strategies, including the selection of initiators, the adjustment of reaction conditions, and the introduction of catalysts, have been reported to improve the controllability of the ROP of various α-amino acid NCAs to synthesize different polypeptides with precise chemical structures and low polydispersity indexes. In this Review, the strategies, mechanisms, challenges, and opportunities for controlled synthesis of polypeptides by the ROP of different α-amino acid NCAs have been declared.
- Published
- 2020
31. Natural and Synthetic Biopolymers in Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering
- Author
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Michael A. Daniele, Stefano Menegatti, and John D. Schneible
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Tissue engineering ,Chemistry ,Biomedical polymers ,Self-healing hydrogels ,Drug delivery ,Nanotechnology ,Regenerative medicine - Published
- 2020
32. Characterization of Aliphatic Polyesters Synthesized via Enzymatic Ring-Opening Polymerization in Ionic Liquids.
- Author
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Piotrowska, Urszula, Sobczak, Marcin, and Oledzka, Ewa
- Subjects
- *
ALIPHATIC compounds , *POLYESTERS , *CHEMICAL synthesis , *IONIC liquids , *RING-opening polymerization - Abstract
To evaluate the effects of ionic liquids (ILs) on the microstructural features of aliphatic polyesters for biomedical applications, a series of copolymers were synthesized by lipase ring opening polymerization of rac-lactide (rac-LA) and "-caprolactone (CL). The chemical structures of resulting polymers were characterized by 1H- and 13C-NMR and the average molecular weight (Mn) and dispersity index were characterized by gel permeation chromatography. The structure of the copolymers confirms the presence of linear polymer chains with end-functional hydroxyl groups allowing covalent coupling of the therapeutic agents. Chain microstructure of copolymers indicates the presence of both random and block copolymers depending on the synthesis conditions. Moreover, it was found that CL is the most active co-monomer during copolymerization which enhances the polymerizability of rac-LA and allows to obtain higher Mn of the copolymers. The results demonstrate that ILs could be promising solvents in synthesis of aliphatic esters for biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Biodegradable Poly(ester-urethane) Carriers Exhibiting Controlled Release of Epirubicin.
- Author
-
Żółtowska, Karolina, Piotrowska, Urszula, Oledzka, Ewa, Kuras, Marzena, Zgadzaj, Anna, and Sobczak, Marcin
- Subjects
- *
POLYESTERS , *EPIRUBICIN , *CONTROLLED release drugs , *BIODEGRADABLE materials , *DRUG delivery systems - Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop the perspective biodegradable poly(ester-urethane) (PUR) carriers based on 'predominantly isotactic' and atactic polylactides (PLAs), and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), for the controlled release of epirubicin (EPI). Methods: The biodegradable PURs containing different soft segments as new and effective carriers of EPI have been obtained. The preliminary studies on toxicity and degradation of obtained polymers, and the release of the EPI from PUR carriers were carried out. Results: We found that the kinetic release of EPI from the obtained PUR carriers tested in vitro at 37°C and pH 7.4 was strongly dependent on the kind of the polyesters, used as the soft segment in PURs synthesis. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the EPI was released from various synthesized carriers in a rather regular manner, according to the diffusion-degradation and degradation mechanisms. Importantly, in some cases, the kinetics of the EPI release was nearly zero-order. Conclusion: The results show that the obtained PURs are very effective and perspective carriers and might be potentially applied in the technology of high controlled EPI delivery systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Chitosan-Modified Cellulosic Nonwoven for Application in Gynecology. Impact of the Modification Upon Chemical Purity, Structure and Antibacterial Properties.
- Author
-
Gzyra-Jagieła, Karolina, Jóźwicka, Jolanta, Gutowska, Agnieszka, Pałys, Beata, and Kaźmierczak, Dorota
- Subjects
CHITOSAN ,NONWOVEN textiles ,GYNECOLOGY ,ANTIBACTERIAL agents ,NANOPARTICLES - Abstract
Physical-chemical, morphological and physical-mechanical characterization was made for cellulose nonwoven modified with chitosan nanoparticles with a view to their possible use in medicine as gynecological tampons. It was an aim of the work to assess the impact of the addition of chitosan nanoparticles upon the biological activity and toxicity of the materials prepared. Methodology was prepared for the examination of the gynecological devices in the range of their useful properties, notably the mechanical strength, surface density and absorption. Aqueous extracts were examined after an extraction process that simulated standard use of the medical device, and after a surplus extraction. The content of water-soluble-, surfactant- and reductive substances was estimated as well as the contents of heavy metals like cadmium, lead, zinc and mercury by the ASA method. Morphology examination permitted to assess the impact of the extraction processes on the fibre structure. Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and antifungal activity against Candida albicans was measured. Altogether examinations were made to assess whether the cellulosic nonwoven modified with chitosan nanoparticles meets the demands of medical devices and lends itself to the manufacture of tampons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Study on Micromachining of Femtosecond Laser Biomedical Polymer Materials
- Author
-
Li Ming Fang, Zheng Qiao, Jing Zhang, and Gupta Dharmender Kumar
- Subjects
0209 industrial biotechnology ,Materials science ,business.industry ,Mechanical Engineering ,Biomedical polymers ,Femtosecond laser micromachining ,Physics::Optics ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Laser ,law.invention ,Surface micromachining ,020901 industrial engineering & automation ,Mechanics of Materials ,law ,Femtosecond ,Optoelectronics ,General Materials Science ,0210 nano-technology ,business - Abstract
Femtosecond laser micromachining is a hot topic in the field of micromachining. Femtosecond laser processing of biomacromolecular micro devices has a promising application prospect. The research content of this paper is femtosecond laser micromachining of biomacromolecule materials, aiming at exploring the mechanism of femtosecond laser micromachining. In this paper, the principle of the interaction between laser and polymer materials is briefly expounded, and the photophysical processes such as transition, energy conversion, energy transfer and electron transfer are explained from the molecular orbital, and the mechanism is classified as photothermal and photochemical action, which is manifested as accelerating material's relaxation transformation process and degradation process. The interaction between polymer materials and laser starts from molecules absorbing the energy of photons to complete the transition from ground state to excited state. Different modes of excitation state inactivation correspond to the conversion of light energy into light energy, heat energy or chemical energy. On the one hand, the thermal action leads to the viscoelastic transformation of the material, and the material deforms or flows under the thermoelastic action; on the other hand, the thermal action accelerates the degradation reaction of the polymer material. The carbonyl group on the molecular chain of PMMA and PLA is more likely to reach the excited state, and the chemical properties of the carbonyl excited state determine that the photochemical processes of PMMA and PLA concentrate on the carbonyl group.
- Published
- 2020
36. A Green Method for Processing Polymers using Dense Gas Technology
- Author
-
Roshan B. Yoganathan, Raffaella Mammucari, and Neil R. Foster
- Subjects
dense gas technology ,polymer processing ,green technology ,biomedical polymers ,drug delivery system ,polymer blends ,polymerization ,polycarbonate ,polycaprolactone ,ibuprofen ,Technology ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,TK1-9971 ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Microscopy ,QH201-278.5 ,Descriptive and experimental mechanics ,QC120-168.85 - Abstract
Dense CO2 can be used as an environmentally-benign polymer processing medium because of its liquid-like densities and gas-like mass transfer properties.In this work, polymer bio-blends of polycarbonate (PC), a biocompatible polymer, and polycaprolactone (PCL), a biodegradable polymer were prepared. Dense CO2 was used as a reaction medium for the melt-phase PC polymerization in the presence of dense CO2-swollen PCL particles and this method was used to prepare porous PC/PCL blends. To extend the applicability of dense CO2 to the biomedical industry and polymer blend processing, the impregnation of ibuprofen into the blend was conducted and subsequent dissolution characteristics were observed.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. The solubility parameter for biomedical polymers—Application of inverse gas chromatography.
- Author
-
Adamska, K., Voelkel, A., and Berlińska, A.
- Subjects
- *
GAS chromatography , *CHROMATOGRAPHIC analysis , *SOLUBILITY , *ETHYLENE , *POLYESTERS , *POLYBUTYLENE terephthalate - Abstract
The solubility parameter seems to be a useful tool for thermodynamic characterisation of different materials. The solubility parameter concept can be used to predict sufficient miscibility or solubility between a solvent and a polymer, as well as components of co-polymer matrix in composite biomaterials. The values of solubility parameter were determined for polycaprolactone (PCL), polylactic acid (PLA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) by using different procedures and experimental data, collected by means of inverse gas chromatography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Variation in structure and properties of poly(glycerol adipate) via control of chain branching during enzymatic synthesis.
- Author
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Taresco, V., Creasey, R.G., Kennon, J., Mantovani, G., Alexander, C., Burley, J.C., and Garnett, M.C.
- Subjects
- *
POLYMER structure , *ENZYMATIC analysis , *MOLAR mass , *HYDROXYL group , *HYDROPHILIC compounds , *TEMPERATURE effect , *FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy - Abstract
Poly (glycerol adipate) (PGA) can be produced from divinyl adipate and unprotected glycerol by an enzymatic route to generate a polymer with relatively low molar mass (12 kDa). PGA bears a pendant hydroxyl group which imparts a hydrophilic character to this water insoluble polymer. We have examined the effect of synthesis temperature on polymer characteristics through various techniques including FT-IR, 1 H and 13 C NMR, surface and thermal analysis, both to expand the data already present in the literature about this material and to understand better its properties for potential pharmaceutical applications. The use of a lipase (Novozym 435) as a catalyst suppresses cross-linking at the pendant glyceryl hydroxyl through steric hindrance at the active site, thus producing polymers with low degrees of branching (5–30%), and removes the need for any pre- or post-polymerization protection/deprotection reactions. Careful temperature control during synthesis can give polymers with reproducible molecular weights and reduced amounts of polymer branching compared to synthesis at higher temperatures. Due to the ability of the synthetic route to produce a range of structures, PGA generated by enzymatic routes may emerge as a useful biodegradable polymer platform to engineer solid dispersions or nanoparticles for healthcare applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Efficient Diethylzinc/Gallic Acid and Diethylzinc/Gallic Acid Ester Catalytic Systems for the Ring-Opening Polymerization of rac-Lactide.
- Author
-
Żółtowska, ,2Karolina, Piotrowska, Urszula, Oledzka, Ewa, and Sobczak, Marcin
- Subjects
- *
DEPOLYMERIZATION , *DIETHYLZINC , *POLYMERIZATION , *CHEMICAL reactions , *CATALYSIS - Abstract
Polylactide (PLA) represents one of the most promising biomedical polymers due to its biodegradability, bioresorbability and good biocompatibility. This work highlights the synthesis and characterization of PLAs using novel diethylzinc/gallic acid (ZnEt2/GAc) and diethylzinc/propyl gallate (ZnEt2/PGAc) catalytic systems that are safe for human body. The results of the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of rac-lactide (rac-LA) in the presence of zinc-based catalytic systems have shown that, depending on the reaction conditions, "predominantly isotactic", disyndiotactic or atactic PLA can be obtained. Therefore, the controlled and stereoselective ROP of rac-LA is discussed in detail in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Chemical Purity of Biodegradable Medical-Grade Fibres of Aliphatic Copolyesters.
- Author
-
Gzyra-Jagieła, Karolina, Jóźwicka, Jolanta, Gutowska, Agnieszka, Twarowska-Schmidt, Krystyna, and Ciechańska, Danuta
- Subjects
BIODEGRADABLE products ,ALIPHATIC compounds ,SPINNING (Textiles) ,MEDICAL polymers ,NONIONIC surfactants ,PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry - Abstract
Fibres prepared on an experimental scale from biodegradable copolyester of glycolide and lactide (PLGA) and from PLGA with the addition of 9% of atactic poly([R,S]-3-hydroxybutyrate (PLGA+a-PHB) were characterised to assess their possible use in the preparation of surgery sutures. Commercial spinfinish Estesol PF 790 (Bozzetto Group, Italy) was applied on the fibres in the spinning step. A method was prepared for an organic extraction of the spinfinish from the PLGA fibres, and the process efficacy was assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and by estimating chemical purity. With spinfinish removed, the fibres were subjected to an extraction process which simulated the utilisation of the products in an aqueous medium. The aqueous extracts were analysed to estimate contamination contents. Also estimated was the time in which the fibres degrade when subjected to surplus extraction in an aqueous medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Relationship between the Stereocomplex Crystallization Behavior and Mechanical Properties of PLLA/PDLA Blends
- Author
-
C. K. Hong and Hye-Seon Park
- Subjects
Thermogravimetric analysis ,Materials science ,Polymers and Plastics ,Biomedical polymers ,PDLA ,Nucleation ,Organic chemistry ,General Chemistry ,Dynamic mechanical analysis ,stereocomplex crystallization ,mechanical properties ,PLLA ,Article ,law.invention ,Differential scanning calorimetry ,QD241-441 ,homo crystallization ,Chemical engineering ,Optical microscope ,law ,Crystallization ,Tensile testing - Abstract
Poly (l-lactic acid) (PLLA) is a promising biomedical polymer material with a wide range of applications. The diverse enantiomeric forms of PLLA provide great opportunities for thermal and mechanical enhancement through stereocomplex formation. The addition of poly (d-lactic acid) (PDLA) as a nucleation agent and the formation of stereocomplex crystallization (SC) have been proven to be an effective method to improve the crystallization and mechanical properties of the PLLA. In this study, PLLA was blended with different amounts of PDLA through a melt blending process and their properties were calculated. The effect of the PDLA on the crystallization behavior, thermal, and mechanical properties of PLLA were investigated systematically by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), polarized optical microscopy (POM), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and tensile test. Based on our findings, SC formed easily when PDLA content was increased, and acts as nucleation sites. Both SC and homo crystals (HC) were observed in the PLLA/PDLA blends. As the content of PDLA increased, the degree of crystallization increased, and the mechanical strength also increased.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. 3D printing of polyether-ether-ketone for biomedical applications
- Author
-
Chander Prakash, Seeram Ramakrishna, and Sunpreet Singh
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Polymers and Plastics ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Biomedical polymers ,Organic Chemistry ,General Physics and Astronomy ,3D printing ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,Polymer ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Polyether ether ketone ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Research community ,Materials Chemistry ,Peek ,0210 nano-technology ,business - Abstract
Despite the rapid progress of several three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies, there exists a critical barrier in-term of processability of high performance materials. Polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) is known for its higher mechanical properties, chemical stability, biological stability and biocompatibility suitable for certain biomedical applications. Examining a growing body of scientific literature on 3D printing of biomedical polymers indicates that most of the studies are conducted using biomedical polymers such as poly-carpolactone, poly-lactic acid, poly-glycolic acid, polyethylene and polyurethanes. However, studies on 3D Printing of PEEK is sparse owing to the higher temperatures needed for melting, lacking of availability of suitable feedstock, concerns over poor adhesion between layers, and time consuming and uneconomical processing steps. Given the unique nature of PEEK class of polymers, this manuscript closely examines 3D printability of PEEK for a range of biomedical applications. This manuscript also presents ideas, feasible solutions and enabling scientific mechanisms to improve the 3D printability of PEEK. This article will help the research community to strengthen the conceptual knowledge and insights on the 3D printing of PEEK based medical devices and tools, and future possibilities.
- Published
- 2019
43. Polylactide-based materials science strategies to improve tissue-material interface without the use of growth factors or other biological molecules
- Author
-
Gioacchino Conoscenti, Vincenzo La Carrubba, Patcharakamon Nooeaid, Aldo R. Boccaccini, Lukas Gritsch, Gritsch, Luka, Conoscenti, Gioacchino, La Carrubba, Vincenzo, Nooeaid, Patcharakamon, and Boccaccini, Aldo R.
- Subjects
Scaffold ,Materials science ,Polyesters ,Interface (computing) ,Materials Science ,Polyester ,Composite ,Bioengineering ,Nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physic ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,Bioactivity ,01 natural sciences ,Polylactic acid ,Bone tissue engineering ,Biomaterials ,Tissue Scaffold ,Tissue engineering ,Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Protein ,Animals ,Humans ,Mechanics of Material ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Tissue Scaffolds ,Tissue Engineering ,Animal ,Mechanical Engineering ,Biomolecule ,Biomedical polymers ,Biomaterial ,Extracellular matrix ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry ,Mechanics of Materials ,Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ,Tissue material ,Materials Science (all) ,0210 nano-technology ,Tissue-material interface ,Human - Abstract
In a large number of medical devices, a key feature of a biomaterial is the ability to successfully bond to living tissues by means of engineered mechanisms such as the enhancement of biomineralization on a bone tissue engineering scaffold or the mimicking of the natural structure of the extracellular matrix (ECM). This ability is commonly referred to as "bioactivity". Materials sciences started to grow interest in it since the development of bioactive glasses by Larry Hench five decades ago. As the main goal in applications of biomedical devices and tissue scaffolds is to obtain a seamless tissue-material interface, achieving optimal bioactivity is essential for the success of most biomaterial-based tissue replacement and regenerative approaches. Polymers derived from lactic acid are largely adopted in the biomedical field, they are versatile, FDA approved and relatively cost-effective. However, as for many other widespread biomedical polymers, they are hydrophobic and lack the intrinsic ability of positively interacting with surrounding tissues. In the last decades scientists have studied many solutions to exploit the positive characteristics of polylactide-based materials overcoming this bottleneck at the same time. The efforts of this research fruitfully produced many effective tissue engineering technologies based on PLA and related biopolymers. This review aims to give an overview on the latest and most promising strategies to improve the bioactivity of lactic acid-based materials, especially focusing on biomolecule-free bulk approaches such as blending, copolymerization or composite fabrication. Avenues for future research to tackle current needs in the field are identified and discussed.
- Published
- 2019
44. The Cognition about 3D Printing Technology Fusion of Biomedical Polymer Materials from the Perspective of Maker Education
- Subjects
Engineering ,business.industry ,Human–computer interaction ,Biomedical polymers ,Perspective (graphical) ,Technology fusion ,3D printing ,Cognition ,business - Published
- 2019
45. Possible Role of Biomedical Polymers in COVID-19 Journey: A Short Review
- Author
-
Jawad Akram Jassim
- Subjects
Engineering ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,business.industry ,Biomedical polymers ,Nanotechnology ,business - Published
- 2021
46. Nonionic and Water-Soluble Poly(d/l-serine) as a Promising Biomedical Polymer for Cryopreservation
- Author
-
Yanbin Huang, Jianjun Wang, Jie Liu, Yuling Sun, and Zhibo Li
- Subjects
Materials science ,Erythrocytes ,Biocompatibility ,Cryoprotectant ,Biomedical polymers ,Water ,02 engineering and technology ,L serine ,Biodegradation ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Combinatorial chemistry ,Cryopreservation ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Cryoprotective Agents ,chemistry ,Solubility ,Surface modification ,Humans ,General Materials Science ,0210 nano-technology ,Peptides ,Ethylene glycol - Abstract
Water-soluble, biodegradable, nonionic, and biocompatible polymers with multiple functional groups are highly desired for biomedical applications. Here, we report that water-soluble nonionic poly(d/l-serine) is chirality-controllable, biodegradation-controllable, and non-cytotoxic. Hence, it can be a highly sought-after alternative to the widely used poly(ethylene glycol), with an additional advantage of having multiple hydroxyl groups for further functionalization. As one example of its biomedical applications, poly(d/l-serine) demonstrated an obvious cryoprotective effect on the red blood cells. The usage of poly(d/l-serine) in the cryopreservation field would be of great promise to resolve the difficulties in separating cryoprotectants due to toxicity.
- Published
- 2021
47. Near-Field Electrospinning and Melt Electrowriting of Biomedical Polymers—Progress and Limitations
- Author
-
William E. King and Gary L. Bowlin
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Scaffold ,Materials science ,Polymers and Plastics ,fiber write ,Biomedical polymers ,near-field electrospinning ,Near and far field ,Nanotechnology ,General Chemistry ,Polymer ,Bending ,Review ,Electrospinning ,biomedical polymer ,lcsh:QD241-441 ,chemistry ,lcsh:Organic chemistry ,Electric field ,melt electrowrite ,Fiber - Abstract
Near-field electrospinning (NFES) and melt electrowriting (MEW) are the process of extruding a fiber due to the force exerted by an electric field and collecting the fiber before bending instabilities occur. When paired with precise relative motion between the polymer source and the collector, a fiber can be directly written as dictated by preprogrammed geometry. As a result, this precise fiber control results in another dimension of scaffold tailorability for biomedical applications. In this review, biomedically relevant polymers that to date have manufactured fibers by NFES/MEW are explored and the present limitations in direct fiber writing of standardization in published setup details, fiber write throughput, and increased ease in the creation of complex scaffold geometries are discussed.
- Published
- 2021
48. Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of α-aminophosphonates containing chitosan moiety.
- Author
-
Kenawy, El-Refaie S., Azaam, Mohamed M., and Saad-Allah, Khalil M.
- Abstract
A novel series of α-aminophosphonates containing chitosan moiety was obtained in high yields from reactions of chitosan with aromatic aldehydes and triphenylphosphite in the presence of lithium perchlorate as a catalyst. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by IR and 1 H NMR spectral data. Compounds ( 1 – 4 ) showed high antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli (NCIM2065), Serratia marcescens , Enterobacter cloacae , Shigella dysenteriae , Salmonella enterica and Proteus vulgaris as Gram-negative bacteria, Bacillus subtilis (PC1219) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25292) as Gram-positive bacteria and Candida albicans as a fungus, at low concentrations (2.5–10 mg/mL). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Novel Zinc-Catalytic Systems for Ring-Opening Polymerization of ε-Caprolactone.
- Author
-
Żółtowska, Karolina, Sobczak, Marcin, and Olędzka, Ewa
- Subjects
- *
ZINC catalysts , *RING-opening polymerization , *CAPROLACTONES , *GALLIC acid , *DIETHYLZINC , *PROPYL gallate , *CHEMICAL structure , *NUCLEAR magnetic resonance - Abstract
Polycaprolactone (PCL) is a biodegradable synthetic polymer that is currently widely used in many pharmaceutical and medical applications. In this paper we describe the coordination ring-opening polymerization of e-caprolactone in the presence of two newly synthesized catalytic systems: diethylzinc/gallic acid and diethylzinc/propyl gallate. The chemical structures of the obtained PCLs were characterized by 1H- or 13C-NMR, FTIR spectroscopy and MALDI TOF mass spectrometry. The average molecular weight of the resulting polyesters was analysed by gel permeation chromatography and a viscosity method. The effects of temperature, reaction time and type of catalytic system on the polymerization process were examined. Linear PCLs with defined average molecular weight were successfully obtained. Importantly, in some cases the presence of macrocyclic products was not observed during the polymerization process. This study provides an effective method for the synthesis of biodegradable polyesters for medical and pharmaceutical applications due to the fact that gallic acid/propyl gallate are commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Development and Characterization of Polyester and Acrylate-Based Composites with Hydroxyapatite and Halloysite Nanotubes for Medical Applications
- Author
-
Universitat Politècnica de València. Instituto Universitario de Telecomunicación y Aplicaciones Multimedia - Institut Universitari de Telecomunicacions i Aplicacions Multimèdia, Universitat Politècnica de València. Departamento de Termodinámica Aplicada - Departament de Termodinàmica Aplicada, Universitat Politècnica de València. Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Nuclear - Departament d'Enginyeria Química i Nuclear, Universitat Politècnica de València, Torres, Elena, Domínguez-Candela, Iván, Castelló-Palacios, Sergio, Vallés Lluch, Ana, Fombuena, Vicent, Universitat Politècnica de València. Instituto Universitario de Telecomunicación y Aplicaciones Multimedia - Institut Universitari de Telecomunicacions i Aplicacions Multimèdia, Universitat Politècnica de València. Departamento de Termodinámica Aplicada - Departament de Termodinàmica Aplicada, Universitat Politècnica de València. Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Nuclear - Departament d'Enginyeria Química i Nuclear, Universitat Politècnica de València, Torres, Elena, Domínguez-Candela, Iván, Castelló-Palacios, Sergio, Vallés Lluch, Ana, and Fombuena, Vicent
- Abstract
[EN] We aimed to study the distribution of hydroxyapatite (HA) and halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) as fillers and their influence on the hydrophobic character of conventional polymers used in the biomedical field. The hydrophobic polyester poly (¿-caprolactone) (PCL) was blended with its more hydrophilic counterpart poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and the hydrophilic acrylate poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) was analogously compared to poly (ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA) and its copolymer. The addition of HA and HNTs clearly improve surface wettability in neat samples (PCL and PHEMA), but not that of the corresponding binary blends. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy mapping analyses show a homogenous distribution of HA with appropriate Ca/P ratios between 1.3 and 2, even on samples that were incubated for seven days in simulated body fluid, with the exception of PHEMA, which is excessively hydrophilic to promote the deposition of salts on its surface. HNTs promote large aggregates on more hydrophilic polymers. The degradation process of the biodegradable polyester PCL blended with PLA, and the addition of HA and HNTs, provide hydrophilic units and decrease the overall crystallinity of PCL. Consequently, after 12 weeks of incubation in phosphate buffered saline the mass loss increases up to 48% and mechanical properties decrease above 60% compared with the PCL/PLA blend.
- Published
- 2020
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