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Researchers at Osaka University conducted a study on using artificial intelligence to automatically extract data elements for the Japanese Orthopaedic Association National Registry from operative records of total hip arthroplasty. The study compared the accuracy of three natural language processing methods: rule-based algorithms, machine learning, and bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT). The findings showed that BERT was the most effective method for automatically detecting surgical approach and fixation technique data elements. This research has been peer-reviewed and provides valuable insights into the potential applications of artificial intelligence in improving medical care quality. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at the National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center in Osaka, Japan, focused on the long-term outcomes of large common iliac artery aneurysms caused by Kawasaki Disease in four patients. The research found that these patients, who had bilateral large coronary aneurysms and common iliac artery aneurysms, remained asymptomatic despite their conditions. The study concluded that the progression of stenosis of the common iliac artery after Kawasaki Disease was slower. [Extracted from the article]

A report from Osaka Dental University in Japan discusses a study that aimed to generate radiographs of jaw cysts using a generative adversarial network (GAN) called StyleGAN3. The researchers selected 459 cystic lesions, with 409 images used for training data and 50 images for testing. The generated images were evaluated using various metrics and a visual Turing test, and the results showed that the specialists could not distinguish the generated images from real ones. The study concludes that the images generated by StyleGAN3 were of high quality. [Extracted from the article]

A new report discusses research findings on essential tremor, a condition characterized by uncontrollable shaking. The report focuses on MR-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) thalamotomy, a non-invasive surgical treatment for essential tremor and tremor-dominant Parkinson's disease. The study aimed to identify effective sonication strategies for patients with a low skull density ratio (SDR) by modifying the standard sonication protocol. The researchers found that minimizing alignment sonications and using high-energy sonication in early treatment helped create optimal lesion volume and control tremor in low-SDR patients. The modified sonication protocol did not significantly increase adverse events. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted in Osaka, Japan aimed to understand the clinical characteristics and outcomes of parotid tumors in adolescents under 20 years old. The researchers found that parotid tumors are rare in adolescents, with only 12 benign cases and 9 malignant cases identified in their study. The benign tumors were all pleomorphic adenomas, while the malignant tumors were mostly low/intermediate-grade mucoepidermoid carcinomas. The accuracy of fine-needle aspiration cytology was similar between adolescents and adults. The study concluded that long-term observation is necessary for adolescent patients, as recurrence in benign pleomorphic adenomas and poor long-term prognosis in malignant tumors are more likely to occur. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by the Osaka International Cancer Institute in Japan examined the efficacy and safety of a therapeutic strategy for pediatric patients with low- or intermediate-risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The study found that allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) was not necessary for low- or intermediate-risk AML patients in first complete remission. The researchers identified favorable prognostic factors for survival, such as umbilical cord blood (UCB) as a safe donor source for low-risk AML patients and late relapse as a favorable prognostic factor for intermediate-risk AML patients. The study concluded that allo-HCT after relapse may benefit intermediate-risk AML patients with late relapse and low-risk AML patients. [Extracted from the article]

The article reports on a phase II trial conducted by Osaka General Medical Center to evaluate the feasibility and safety of a total neoadjuvant therapy combining long-course chemoradiotherapy with consolidation chemotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer. Topics discussed include the trial's design and patient outcomes, the treatment's effectiveness and safety profile, and the response rates observed among participants.

The article focuses on the occurrence of Mycobacterium abscessus infection in a patient with lymphangioleiomyomatosis undergoing sirolimus therapy. Topics include the management and treatment of Mycobacterium abscessus pulmonary disease in advanced lymphangioleiomyomatosis, the impact on lung transplant scheduling, and the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections in such patients.

The article offers information on a rare presentation of multiple myeloma involving crystalline light chain casts and hypercalcemia-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). Topics discussed include the association between hypercalcemia and crystalline light chain casts; the treatment approach for this condition; and the role of hydration and anti-myeloma therapy in recovery.

The article focuses on a study evaluating the effectiveness of upadacitinib, a second-line JAK inhibitor, for treating ulcerative colitis (UC) in patients who did not respond to or were intolerant of first-line JAK inhibitors. Topics include the clinical remission rates achieved with upadacitinib, the impact on C-reactive protein levels, and the potential benefits of rotating JAK inhibitors in UC treatment.

A study conducted by investigators at Sumitomo Chemical Co. Ltd. in Osaka, Japan, explores the use of a novel dispersion culture method for primary hepatocytes within a dome-shaped collagen matrix. The researchers found that this method can suppress the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and maintain liver functions for up to 14 days in rat primary hepatocytes. This research has the potential to expand the utility of primary hepatocyte culture methods and contribute to the study of liver diseases, drug-induced liver injury, and drug metabolism. The study was financially supported by Sumitomo Chemical Company Ltd. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at the National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center in Osaka, Japan, investigated the efficacy and safety of balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) for patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease (CTEPD) without pulmonary hypertension (PH). The researchers retrospectively analyzed data from 84 CTEPD patients with mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) < 25 mmHg and 39 CTEPD patients with mPAP <= 20 mmHg (without PH). The study found that BPA led to improvements in symptoms, pulmonary vascular resistance, exercise capacity, and facilitated the discontinuation of home oxygen therapy, with no serious complications. However, further prospective randomized trials are needed to confirm these findings. [Extracted from the article]

A report from Osaka City General Hospital in Japan discusses the management of pediatric epileptic seizures in non-hospital settings. The study conducted an online survey of caregivers of pediatric patients with epilepsy to assess current practices and the effectiveness of early intervention with rescue medication. The results showed that earlier administration of rescue medication led to a reduction in the need for emergency room visits, which lessened the burden on both the patient and the caregiver. However, a significant number of patients still required emergency transport to the hospital, which had a disruptive impact on caregivers' lives. [Extracted from the article]

A new report from Osaka, Japan discusses the risk factors for tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy (TIC) due to atrial fibrillation (AF). TIC is a reversible heart condition caused by fast heart rhythms, with AF being the most common cause. The study found that higher heart rate and current smoking were independent risk factors for the development of TIC due to AF. The research suggests that managing heart rate and quitting smoking may help prevent TIC in AF patients. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted in Osaka, Japan, explores the role of insulin signaling in glomerular cells for diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The research highlights the increasing prevalence of DKD and its association with hyperglycemia. While intensive glycemic control has been shown to delay the onset and progression of DKD, the study suggests that insulin signaling and its associated signaling may play a significant role in preserving glomerular function. The findings provide novel insights into the reno-protective effects of insulin signaling in DKD. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted in Osaka, Japan, explored the impact of posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) dose on graft-versus-leukemia effects in HLA-haploidentical peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. The researchers found that the effect of the patient's HLA-B leader genotype was influenced by the PTCy dose. In the low-dose PTCy group, patients with the M+ genotype had a negative impact on overall survival compared to the M- genotype. However, in the high-dose PTCy group, patients with the M+ genotype had a decreased risk of relapse. These findings provide immunological insight into PTCy dosage and suggest the need for further investigation into the underlying mechanisms. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at the Osaka Institute of Public Health in Japan investigated the effects of supplementary selenium on insulin resistance in a mouse model. The researchers found that a high-fat diet (HFD) induced insulin resistance, but the addition of selenium did not significantly worsen this condition. However, the treatment did lead to increased expression of selenoproteins in skeletal muscle, which may contribute to reduced insulin sensitivity. The study suggests that selenoproteins, particularly selenoprotein P, may be a better indicator of insulin resistance than other markers. [Extracted from the article]

A new report from Kishiwada Tokushukai Hospital in Osaka, Japan presents fresh data on factors related to insufficient hemostasis using the EXOSEAL vascular closure device (VCD) for femoral artery punctures after neuro-endovascular therapy. The aim of the study was to identify the factors associated with inadequate hemostasis and to evaluate the optimal time to hemostasis. The research found that multiple antiplatelets and closure with an under-sized EXOSEAL VCD may increase the risk of insufficient hemostasis if the pre-closure activated clotting time (ACT) is greater than 268 seconds. The mean time to hemostasis in these patients was 9.8 minutes. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by the Graduate School of Science in Osaka, Japan, explores the importance of natural products in the development of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. The researchers emphasize the significance of synthesizing and studying these products to understand their structure and potential modifications. The study specifically focuses on the total synthesis of dihydroisocoumarintype natural products, the creation of novel antibacterial compounds through structural modification, and the development of antioxidants with high activity and low toxicity through dimerization strategies. The research has been peer-reviewed and provides valuable insights into drug discovery. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by the Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine in Japan examined the effectiveness of different strategies for treating pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). The study compared the outcomes of intra-arrest transport, where patients are transported to the hospital during active cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), with on-scene CPR, where CPR is continued at the scene. The researchers found that there was no significant difference in survival to hospital discharge between the two groups overall. However, among children under the age of 1, intra-arrest transport was associated with a lower likelihood of survival. This study provides valuable insights into the treatment options for pediatric OHCA. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted in Osaka, Japan, has investigated the potential of KSP-1007, a novel bicyclic boronate-based broad-spectrum beta-lactamase inhibitor, in combination with meropenem, for the treatment of infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. The research found that KSP-1007 exhibited low inhibition constant values against all classes of beta-lactamase, including imipenemase types and oxacillinase types from Acinetobacter baumannii. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that the combination of KSP-1007 and meropenem showed promising activity against carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections. This research provides valuable insights into potential treatment options for these challenging infections. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by investigators at the Department of Neurosurgery in Osaka, Japan, examined the risks associated with postoperative airway complications after anterior cervical spine surgery. The study analyzed data from 365 patients who underwent surgery between 2018 and 2022. The results showed that older and frailer individuals were at a higher risk for airway complications, and immediate postoperative extubation was generally safe but required careful judgment in specific cases. This research provides valuable insights for medical professionals involved in neurosurgical training institutes. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted in Osaka, Japan compared the cost, surgical time, and clinical results of two different methods of arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. The study included 220 patients and found that the method using lateral cortical augmentation (TOA) was more cost-effective and had a shorter surgical time compared to the method using transosseous-equivalent suture bridge (TOE). Both methods achieved comparable clinical results, and there were no significant differences in postoperative variables or retear rates between the two methods. This research provides valuable information for healthcare professionals and patients considering arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by Otemon Gakuin University in Osaka, Japan, explored the ability of individuals with high dark triad personality traits to accurately infer these traits from other people's faces. The study found that participants were able to accurately infer dark triad traits from female faces, but not from male faces. Male participants showed a positive correlation between accurate inferences of other men's Machiavellianism and their own dark triad traits, while female participants showed a negative correlation. These findings provide new insights into human evolutionary and social adaptations. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted in Osaka, Japan, focused on laparoscopic obturator hernia repair using a self-gripping mesh. Obturator hernias are rare and have a high mortality rate, making surgery the only treatment option. The study examined the use of a self-fixating mesh called ProGrip (TM) and found that it may reduce the likelihood of chronic pain development. The researchers reported positive short-term results, with no postoperative complications or recurrence of symptoms. This research provides valuable insights into the laparoscopic repair of obturator hernias. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the Graduate School of Medicine in Osaka, Japan, explored the effects of LCZ696, an angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor, on endothelial dysfunction in diabetic mice. The study found that LCZ696 improved endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation in diabetic mice, potentially through increased bioavailability of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). The researchers concluded that LCZ696 may have a vascular protective effect in diabetic models and could be more effective than valsartan. This research has been peer-reviewed and published in the Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Osaka General Medical Center in Japan explored the use of cardiac metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) imaging as a prognostic tool for patients with heart failure. The study focused on the trajectory of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in patients admitted for acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). The researchers found that follow-up MIBG imaging after discharge provided additional prognostic information, particularly for patients with recovered left ventricular function. This study suggests that MIBG imaging could be a valuable tool in assessing the prognosis of patients with heart failure. [Extracted from the article]

A report from the Graduate School of Medicine in Osaka, Japan discusses the effects of heat-treated Enterococcus faecalis (FK23) and lysozyme-treated FK-23 (LFK) on the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in rats. The study found that FK-23 and LFK suppressed fibrosis-related gene and protein expression, oxidative stress markers, and plasma uremic toxins in the kidneys. Additionally, LFK treatment ameliorated gut microbial alterations caused by renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. The research suggests that E. faecalis ingredients may improve CKD progression by reducing oxidative stress and correcting the balance of intestinal microflora. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by the Osaka International Cancer Institute in Japan aimed to estimate the prevalence of childhood cancer survivors in Osaka and Japan as a whole. The researchers used data from the population-based Osaka Cancer Registry to identify children aged 0-14 years who were diagnosed with cancer between 1975 and 2019. They found that among 8,186 patients diagnosed with childhood cancer in Osaka, 5,252 survived until December 31, 2019. The prevalence of childhood cancer survivors has been increasing over time, indicating the ongoing need for cancer survivorship support for children, adolescents, and young adults. The study's findings may be useful for policymakers and clinicians in planning and evaluating survivorship care. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted in Osaka, Japan, investigated the association between immunotherapy and survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) undergoing hemodialysis. The study found that immunotherapy as a first-line treatment did not significantly improve the survival of these patients. The researchers concluded that immunotherapy may not be the most appropriate therapy for NSCLC patients undergoing hemodialysis. This study is important as the number of patients undergoing hemodialysis is increasing globally, and the incidence of cancer is high among these patients. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at Osaka Red Cross Hospital in Japan examined the safety and efficacy of nivolumab plus ipilimumab as a first-line treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in patients on hemodialysis (HD). The researchers found that while the treatment initially led to rapid progression and deterioration in the patient's condition, it eventually resulted in a long-lasting response. The study concluded that careful assessment of the response is necessary, as long-term effectiveness can be observed after initial progression. The research has been peer-reviewed and published in Internal Medicine. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Kishiwada Tokushukai Hospital in Osaka, Japan, examined the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of obicetrapib, a cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitor, in a Japanese population. The study found that obicetrapib, when used as an adjunct to stable statin therapy, significantly lowered atherogenic lipoprotein lipid parameters and raised high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. The drug was well tolerated and showed near complete elimination from the body within four weeks. These findings are consistent with previous studies conducted in predominantly Caucasian participants. [Extracted from the article]

A new report from the Osaka International Cancer Institute in Japan discusses the use of pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy as a first-line treatment for metastatic or unresectable oesophageal cancer. The study investigated the clinical utility of early tumour shrinkage (ETS) and depth of response (DpR) in 53 eligible patients. The findings suggest that ETS is a promising marker for predicting sensitivity to pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy. The research provides valuable insights into the treatment of oesophageal cancer and may help improve patient outcomes. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by Sekisui Chemical Co. Ltd. in Osaka, Japan, has developed a microfluidic channel device for measuring glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, which is a reliable indicator for diabetes mellitus testing. The device is small and easy to use, making it suitable for point-of-care testing (POCT) in areas with limited infrastructure. The device utilizes a latex aggregation method and a light-gas generation pump to quantify HbA1c levels. The researchers found that the device showed a linear relationship between concentration and absorbance, making it a promising tool for HbA1c testing in remote areas and clinics. [Extracted from the article]

A new report from researchers at Osaka City General Hospital in Japan discusses the complications of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), specifically cerebral vascular embolism. The researchers found that thrombolytic therapy is not effective when the embolic material consists of a large tissue fragment. Instead, mechanical aspiration may be a more effective therapy for acute cerebral infarction after TAVR. The report describes the case of an 87-year-old woman who developed acute cerebral infarction with left middle cerebral artery occlusion caused by a large tissue fragment after undergoing TAVR. This research has been peer-reviewed and can be found in the International Heart Journal. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at the Osaka International Cancer Institute in Japan examined the effectiveness of a gene panel called the Lung Cancer Compact Panel in detecting genetic mutations in liquid samples from patients with lung cancer. The study analyzed three different cohorts of liquid specimens and found that the compact panel accurately identified genetic mutations in these samples. The researchers concluded that the compact panel has the potential to guide targeted therapies for lung cancer patients and enhance precision medicine approaches. This research has been peer-reviewed and provides valuable insights into the detection of genetic mutations in various cytological specimens. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted in Osaka, Japan, explored the inhibitory effect of a standardized extract of cultured Lentinula edodes mycelia, known as AHCC, on the growth of tumor patient-derived xenografts (PDX) in Super SCID mice. The researchers found that AHCC significantly suppressed tumor proliferation in mice transplanted with renal cancer PDX. Additionally, AHCC showed growth inhibitory effects on breast cancer PDX. The study suggests that the Super SCID-PDX model could be a valuable tool for investigating the effects of functional foods. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at Kansai Medical University in Osaka, Japan, evaluated the use of trochanteric claw plate fixation for greater trochanteric fracture or osteotomy in total hip arthroplasty. The study included 41 patients who underwent open reductions and internal fixations, with a mean follow-up duration of 4.2 years. The results showed improved clinical scores and bone union in the majority of cases, with a 10-year survival rate of 80%. The researchers concluded that trochanteric claw plate fixation yielded successful outcomes. This research has been peer-reviewed and published in Acta Medica Okayama. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Setsunan University in Osaka, Japan, has provided new insights into asthma. The study focused on steroid-resistant asthma, which affects 5-10% of asthma patients who do not respond to glucocorticoid therapy. The researchers used experimental animal models to investigate the pathogenesis of steroid-resistant asthma and found that certain genes encoding extracellular matrix components and pro-fibrotic factors in the lung were insensitive to glucocorticoids. The findings suggest that targeting these molecules could be a potential treatment for steroid-resistant asthma. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at Osaka Dental University in Japan compared two bioresorbable bone substitutes, carbonate apatite (CGs) and ss-tricalcium phosphate (ss-TCP), for vertical bone augmentation in rats. The study found that the ss-TCP-implanted group had a higher bone volume to total volume ratio (BV/TV) compared to the CG-implanted group at 4 and 12 weeks postoperatively. The researchers concluded that ss-TCP exhibited the ability to form blood vessels into the graft material and had an elevated production of collagen during the bone formation process. The study was supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI) and has been peer-reviewed. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted in Japan examined the potential link between early childhood allergic diseases and neurodevelopmental milestones in the first three years of life. The study analyzed data from a large-scale birth cohort study and found no significant association between atopic dermatitis (AD) or asthma and delays in communication, motor skills, problem-solving, or social skills. However, children with food allergies (FA) were more likely to experience delays in gross motor skills. The researchers suggest that routine developmental monitoring and further investigations are needed to understand this potential association. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Osaka University in Japan examined the neurodevelopmental outcomes and quality of life of children with biliary atresia (BA), a condition affecting the bile ducts. The study found that patients with BA had lower intelligence and adaptive skill levels compared to the general population. Factors such as household education level and short stature were associated with these lower scores. Despite these impairments, the overall quality of life for patients with BA was higher than that of the general population. The study suggests that patients with intellectual impairments may be overlooked and not adequately followed up, particularly if their adaptive skills are maintained. [Extracted from the article]

A new report from the Osaka International Cancer Institute discusses the impact of incidental pulmonary embolism (PE) on the long-term prognosis of cancer patients. The study used data from a hospital-based cancer registry and electronic medical records to analyze the characteristics of cancer and venous thromboembolism (VTE) and the effect of incidental PE on patient survival. The study found that incidental PE in cancer patients was associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality. The research concluded that cancer-related factors, rather than thrombosis-related factors, determine prognosis. [Extracted from the article]