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The main objective of this study is to review patterns of static fluid in the learning process to highlight topics for further study. In this study, bibliometric analysis was utilized. Using the VOSviewer software, the Scopus database search results from 2018 to 2023* were retrieved. The review and mapping of 399 documents out of 67 focused on static fluid in the learning process. The findings mapped the pattern of documents per year, sources, countries, affiliations, authors, and keywords. The results showed that there has been an increase in the number of scientific publications on static fluid in the learning process. The source document with the most publications on this subject is the Journal of Physics: Conference Series. Indonesia is the most productive country that researches this topic. This is supported by the dominance of affiliates from Indonesia on this topic. Gunawan et al. are the most cited authors on this topic. There are four clusters in visualization using VOSviewer on the topic of static fluid in the learning process from 2018-2023*. The results of this study may contribute to researchers related to static fluid in the learning process tendency in the world and guide further study. Overall, this analysis offers a great starting point for additional research into a static fluid in the learning process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, high school students encounter high technology problems in which they need 21st-century skills to give them the solution by learning STEM education that includes problem-solving, team working, creativity, innovation, critical thinking, and communication skills. On the other hand, STEM education in Indonesia is not as common as in the United States of America as a curriculum. Moreover, Indonesia has a National Curriculum which means that every school applies the same curriculum. This research aims to analyze how science teachers implement STEM education in their classes by using project-based learning and hands-on activities, and their knowledge and readiness to integrate STEM education into National Curriculum. The research used a descriptive method. The participants were collected by using purposive sampling, which are 82 participants who are high school science teachers. This research uses a web-based questionnaire to collect the data which contained two parts, such as demographic and issue part with four and twelve questions, respectively. The researcher found that most of the participants (63%) have applied project-based learning and hands-on activities for a quarter of their course content. Moreover, they gave problems to students for more than half of the courses to improve students^ problem-solving skills. The research also shows that the participants used authentic assessments, such as portfolios to evaluate students' performance. Based on the results, most of them have already known and implemented STEM education in some of their learning processes. Even though STEM education is already on the National Curriculum, in fact, not every school knows and understands how to apply STEM in their classroom. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and improve the National Curriculum by integrating STEM education into the curriculum with all the stakeholder's support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 pandemic brings a lot of new challenges like never before. Adaptation is a must including in the learning and teaching ecosystem. A sudden switching from in-person learning to distance learning is difficult, especially in Indonesia where distance learning is still uncommon. Hence, a set of proper strategies is required to push the success rate of distance learning. This paper shares our experience in employing the pair programming approach as a part of our distance learning strategy. We applied the approach in two introductory programming courses available to the freshmen. Two grouping methods were applied (random and clustered). Based on both the final grades and the students' opinions, we conclude that pair programming is very effective to help the students reaching the course objectives. However, team commitment was reported as the biggest obstacle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research is based on the traditional architecture phenomena closely related to ideas in the field of mathematics. One of them is the historical building in Central Java - Indonesia, Borobudur Temple. This research aims to investigate how a mathematical model based on cellular automata is in Borobudur Temple. The research used a descriptive qualitative with ethnography approach. The study was carried out by reading literature on the Borobudur temple, cellular automata, and ethnomathematics, then we looking for and finding the relationship among them. To find their relationship we use online websites, such as Wolfram in generating the rule of cellular automata. Data analysis in this research was carried out by approaching (approximate) pictures of temple buildings, temple building structures, and stupas with 1-dimensional and 2-dimensional cellular automata theory. To get credible results, the author conducted a discussion or interview with an expert in the Computer Science field. The result of this research is the discovery of cellular automata parameters that can construct the structure of the Borobudur Temple building by using of wolfram alpha cellular automata generator. The Borobudur Temple structure contains Cellular Automata (CA), 1-dimensional CA, 2-dimensional CA, and 3-dimensional CA. In 1-dimensional CA, we got that CA can approach the Borobudur Temple building, its stupa, and the stupa structure. The Borobudur Temple contains 1-dimensional CA in 2 colors on rule 92 and rule 254. This research concludes that the Borobudur temple and its building structure have a close relationship with the cellular automata concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early algebraic thinking has not been explicitly mentioned in the elementary school mathematics curriculum in Indonesia. However, whether students are able to develop important algebraic ideas from a general arithmetic perspective through the current curriculum. This study aims to explore the learning experiences of elementary school students and construct the meaning behind these learning experiences in the emergence of early algebraic thinking. Researchers analyzed how students construct meaning through in-depth interviews with students in grades IV to VI. The results of this study suggest that the habit of thinking certain algebraic ideas should be deliberately nurtured in the curriculum from the early grades, because these ideas do not develop naturally in students as they develop through primary school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aims find out which students mathematical problem-solving ability enhance better, using Group Investigation learning or students using hands-on learning. Method used in the research is quantitative. This type research quasi-experiment with used non equivalent control group design. The research has been conducted at one the junior high schools in Karawang, Indonesia by sampling using purposive sampling techniques, so that taking two classes as research samples of 40 respondents will each be using the Group Investigation learning and using hands-on learning. This research data collection technique of a mathematical problem-solving skills test instrument. Based on results analysis that enhance mathematical problem-solving skills students from N-Gain test, with calculation N-Gain test belonging to the moderate category. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This meta-analysis study was conducted to examine the overall effect of utilizing the Think-Pair-Share (TPS) Cooperative Learning (CL) model on students' mathematical communication ability and to analyze the degree of variation between each study. One hundred four articles were published between 2015 until 2020 and examined for research purposes; ten articles were obtained that met the eligibility for analysis. The studies' samples are High School and Junior High School students. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) program utilized as an examination device. The effect-size index of the Hedges-g equation is obtained and decided based on the random-effect model estimation. It comes about appeared that the overall effect measure of the application of TPS CL on students' mathematical communication abilities was 0.826, there implies that there is a positive effect that's very high in this finding, with a standard error of 0.247. So these discoveries show that the application of TPS CL in Indonesia is quite viable in making strides in students' mathematical communication abilities. Analysis of the level of study variation was critical in terms of "differences in education levels." These discoveries demonstrate that the TPS-type CL show is more compelling at the Junior High School level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deaf and hard hearing are a condition of someone who has a terrible hearing loss or less severe of hearing loss due to medical condition or sociological and cultural condition. Because of their condition, they get a lack of communication that it impacts to their performance in mathematics. Many researches found that deaf students are visualizer. The aim of this study is to review result study of visualization power of deaf students at middle school in Indonesia. Referring to nine main literatures, It concludes that in Indonesia, deaf middle school students prefer visualization to text in learning mathematics, a specific lesson design is needed that is adjusted to characteristics of deaf and hard hearing students, and deaf and hard hearing students are able to be developed both competencies and thinking process by using appropriate media and technology for learning mathematics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research constructs curriculum of mathematics education magister program for industry. The sense-making was that in mathematics education, we have to deal with an interdisciplinary framework conceptual task. The critical question: What it is various proofs of multidisciplinary science, why it promotes how to be understood. That is to design a thinking model in proving mathematical expression as learning freedom around Higher Education in Indonesia. The model was to the interdisciplinary project to prepare a workforce problem for an industrial sector. The indirect objects have an essential role to more applied value-adding industries. The construction of competencies and thinking drives mainly by optimizing, controlling, modelling, assessing, and reinventing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past few years, many experimental investigations on the model of project-based learning (PjBL) have affected the mathematical capacity of pupils to solve issues. However, neither the second nor the literature review analysed the combined results of this research. This meta-analysis is aimed at examining and describing the PjBL model's effectiveness in improved student solving mathematical issues in Indonesia. Twelve studies were analysed 2014 to 2021 using Comprehensive Meta Analysis software. The effectiveness of the PjBL model was found to be 1.284 times greater than that of conventional learning models in terms of students' mathematical problem-solving abilities. Additional analysis in the form of study characteristics obtained to bolster the study's findings indicates significant differences at the level of education and publication sources. The application of the PjBL model efficient for mathematical problem-solving abilities when mathematics teachers apply to learn to secondary school students. In addition, researchers should publish their research in the form of articles in reputable journals to improve the quality of their research, the decline in the number of publications over the past three years has allowed many academics to conduct research, the most effective and recommended research sampling technique is the random sampling technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19) pandemic in Indonesia has an impact for various sectors, one of which is education. Ministry of Education and Culture provides a policy for school to carry out the learning process from home through online learning or distance learning as an effort to prevent the spread of Covid-19. Videos can be used to support teachers and students in learning mathematics during distance learning. This study aims to develop videos as learning tools of probability in middle school with realistic mathematics education approach. This methodology used is a Research and Development with Brog and Gall model five stages, namely product analysis, product design, product evaluation and revision, small group field test and revision, large group field test and final product. The participants of this study were 26 students of grade 8th. The prototype videos was evaluated by content and language experts obtained a score 83%, and 84% by media experts with criteria very feasible. The student questionnaire average for this video product increase from 75% in small group became 82% in the large group. This shows that the probability learning video for middle school with realistic mathematics education approach is feasible to be used as mathematics media learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In designing the airport passenger terminal, an analysis of a mathematical approach model is first carried out that can be used as an instrument for forecasting potential demand that describes the projection of the annual departure of passengers to then be used as the basis for determining service capacity and the needs of passenger terminal facilities. The West Java Provincial Government has designated Sukabumi Regency as one of the areas for the development of air transport infrastructure development which is realized through a plan to establish a tertiary hub type airport in Cikembar District. As an initial stage of airport planning, Forecasting potential passenger demand is analyzed by involving statistical data variables that describe the condition of Sukabumi Regency related to the potential demand for airport passengers, namely the population, Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), the number of foreign and domestic tourist visits and the number of hotels available. In determining the minimum airport capacity, it is based on the formula for calculating the standard area of the passenger terminal in the Regulation of the Minister of Transportation Number KM 20 of 2005. Based on the modeling results, the airport passenger potential is formulated in the equation Y=(1227640 - 0.331 x1)+(0.000013 x2) - (0.01005 x3+345 x4). By using the equation model as an instrument to get a picture of potential passenger demand 01005 x3+345 x4). By using the equation model as an instrument to get a picture of potential passenger demand projected area of the passenger terminal of Cikembar Airport, Sukabumi in 2023 is 11.643 m2 which serves 756.029 passengers. The peak capacity of the terminal area limit projected in the Cikembar Airport master plan of 12,000 m2 is predicted to occur in 2048 so further planning will be needed for terminal development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural hazards and disaster education are significant for building community resilience and preparedness necessary for mitigation and reconstruction measures. Natural hazard education in Indonesia has covered the topics of seismic-induced, volcanic, and hydro-meteorological disasters extensively. However, there has been little to no mention of land subsidence yet. Land subsidence is the lowering of the ground surface due to the downward movement of the earth's surface. The process of land subsidence is so subtle that many do not realize that subsidence takes place until the impacts are widely visible and felt. Exposure to land subsidence is very high, where subsidence has occurred in 134 districts across 21 provinces in Indonesia, particularly in the coastal regions in North Java and East Sumatra. There is an urgent need for public education to build the community's capacity for effective mitigation. This paper aims to provide state-of-the-art knowledge on land subsidence hazard in Indonesia and propose a framework for land subsidence education. Land subsidence in Indonesia is potentially driven by its natural condition and rapidly accelerated by anthropogenic interventions. The structure for land subsidence learning material should cover formal and non-formal education and provide separate modules for each stage. Collaborations between researchers and educators are needed to ensure successful formulation and implementation of land subsidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A belief in own ability to success in achieving a task is called self-efficacy. This belief is important as a basic to expert in many abilities including scientific literacy ability. As pre-service teachers required to be expert in scientific literacy, they must have good self-efficacy on it. Due to the importance of self-efficacy, a descriptive quantitative research was conducted to describe pre-service teachers' self-efficacy in scientific literacy. A self-efficacy's questionnaire that specific to scientific literacy was administered to l45 chemistry and physics pre-service teachers of one of public universities in North Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia. The questionnaire measured four aspects of self-efficacy that consisted of 24 items. The questionnaire was distributed for the pre-service teachers after they answered scientific literacy questions. The score of pre-service teachers was categorized into five levels and analyzed for each indicator. The result showed that most of pre-service teachers have middle level of self-efficacy in scientific literacy which was 60,7%. For very good and good level, there were 6,2% and 32,4% respectively. In addition to, it was just 0,7% of pre-service teachers that have low self- efficacy. It concluded that pre-service teachers' self-efficacy in scientific literacy still needs to be improved. One of the ways is through strengthening scientific literacy ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to explore the feasibility of using Ambu-Line as an innovative task to increase the rapid response time to the situation of people in urgent need of assistance amidst the digital environment of the twenty-first century. This study examines the results of surveys using Google Forms that were administered right after the health services concluded. The author would leave the room while the patron took the survey on the computer. The innovation articulated a clear concept in the Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia's main epidemic approach: clinical trials and innovation cycles. Most people expect "better" evidence than they can get, but the evidence-gathering approach is well- suited to a very practical improvement cycle framework. Due to the size of the study sample, further studies with a larger sample are required. The results of the survey showed that the l0 participants were unfamiliar with innovation in healthcare. Three of the students had heard of the AmbuLine app, but only one had used it. This limited data suggests that there is plenty of room to expand the AmbuLine brand and marketing as a tool for innovation in patient health. As the results below show, patients learn to use AmbuLine quickly and find it useful for accessing medical services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The amount of waste originating from household and industrial activities is increasing every year in Indonesia. This is supported by the consumption pattern of the people who are not selective towards the types of packaging materials used. The purpose of the descriptive study was to determine the argumentation skills of students related to the waste problem. The study involved 30 students in Bandung, West Java who were selected by purposive sampling technique based on the aged 11—13. The instrument was a scientific reasoning test that collects student's argumentative skills regarding waste problems, both biodegradable and non-biodegradable. Student's arguments were analyzed based on the existence of the argument components, then classified them based on their quality. The results showed that most of the student's scientific argumentation skills were at level 1 and level 2. This indicated that the student's arguments were only dominated by claims, data, and warrant. These findings indicate the need for learning related to waste management that can not only improve the quality of student's arguments but also increase student's awareness of the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lemea is a traditional food of Rejang people made from the young bamboo bud through the fermentation process. Rejang is one of the tribes located in Rejang Lebong Regency, Bengkulu Province, Indonesia. As a form of local wisdom heritage of ancestors, Lemea must keep being preserved and maintained. Persuading students to know the steps and processes of making food typical of this area is one of the efforts to apply Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) values in schools. This research utilizes the role of education as a means that can change the views, behaviors and mindsets of students in order to have a sustainable life covered with the values of ESD perspective into science learning, called integrating conventional biotechnology materials with local wisdom. Learning is presented through a learning video that contains the content of the application of conventional biotechnology in daily life, such as traditional fermented food of Rejang (Lemea). Based on the results of the calculation of descriptive statistics, the mastery of students' concept of traditional fermented food of Rejang (Lemea) has well improved. Biotechnology learning based on local wisdom is also considered to be effective because it shows a high category in sustainability awareness for 3 aspects of ESD competency, they are environment, socio-cultural and economic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 outbreak was an issue facing the people of Indonesia and it had a significant impact. One of the potential impacts is on the education sector, such that more use is made of digital media in engaged in learning, the problems found are that children become addicted to gadgets and have a negative impact on their attitudes. There are many techniques for learning implementation, in particular with the use of technology can minimize the negative impact of technology. One of them is learning to stimulate children when aided by augmented reality. The aim of this study was to assess the use of augmented reality-based learning media as an attempt to enhance 4Cs in children's learning with the ketimbang main program. The method employed in this research is descriptive by observing children (5 - 12 years old) to use of augmented reality to apply learning at Bogor West Java. Data collection techniques use observation and interviews. The results of this study are innovative learning media for children focused on technology, which use augmented reality as the primary priority of their development and it can be increase 4Cs (Creative, Critical Thinking, Communicative and Collaborative) achieved by children while playing and learn with Augmented Reality application (Quiver Vision). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poverty and food insecurity are problems experienced by many countries, including Indonesia. These two problems are contained in the SDGs. This article aims to find out the characteristic variables that affect poverty and food insecurity in Indonesia. The methods used are gini gain, information gain, and mean decrease gini. The results show that there is a similarity of the resulting variables importance between the gini gain and the information gain. For characteristic variables that use the mean decrease gini, predictor variables with many categories tend to rank at the top for measuring variable importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of information technology in the 2lst century has brought enormous changes to the lines of life. Students must be able to deal with this change by mastering digital literacy. However, so far, measurements of digital literacy, especially students in Bali Indonesia, have not been carried out. This study aims to describe the digital literacy profile of high school students in Bali Province, Indonesia. For this reason, data were collected through an online survey. A total of 440 high school students from 9 districts in Bali Indonesia filled out the online questionnaire. Samples were drawn by a quota sampling. This study used a survey method. The results showed that there were differences in students' digital literacy based on dimensions of digital literacy and grade level. However, there were no differences in students' digital literacy based on gender. Teachers can use these digital literacy data to make lesson plans so that students can achieve learning goals appropriately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study in this research is based on the needed for alternative student worksheet of analytical chemistry course on the concept of anion reactions. This research aims to determined the heavy metal content in fish and water of Cisangkuy river as content material to develop Student Writing Heuristic (SWH)-based students' worksheet. SWH worksheet are created by using research Development method. Instruments used in this study include the feasibility test format of student worksheet, questionnaire feasibility test student worksheet, and assessment tools of student worksheet. The concentration of chromium in fish in Cisangkuy river using AAS is 0.0691 mg / L, in the water is 0.2205 mg / L for sample 1 and 0.4871 for sample 2. The concentration is still below the threshold established by Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 82 of 2001, the maximum allowable level for chromium metal (Cr) is 0.5 mg / L. While, based on SWH student format on chromium analysis in fish and water in Cisangkuy River has been validated with the average value of rcount obtained at 0.83 and the average feasibility of presentation is 83%. It means SWH worksheet available to use by student. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tourism sector as one of the sectors that have been slumped by the Covid-19 pandemic needs a breakthrough to enter a new normal era. Amid the ongoing paradigm shift and several new protocols will be implemented to welcome the new normal conditions in the tourism industry. The tourism sector in Indonesia, which has been absorbing many jobs, has been hit hard by the Covid-19 pandemic. Coupled with the difficulty of predicting when the pandemic will end, it requires smart steps in maintaining the sustainability of the tourism industry is entering the era of new norms. The new normal era brings new roles, new roads, and expectations in the tourism sector. Digitalization that is developing fast and rapidly requires adaptation to new conditions and rearranging business strategies and models so that they can survive in the new normal era by adjusting the development of digital technology. A tourism model is virtually a possible form of tourism in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The assessment that is carried out must be in accordance with the learning process and learning outcomes to measure students' abilities appropriately. The Biology Learning Outcomes and Process Evaluation lectures use a guided discovery-based handout, therefore, the assessment carried out must be in accordance with the lecture process. Researchers develop INQF-based assessments in order to measure students' knowledge abilities and skills appropriately. The KKNI-based assessment can evaluate students as a whole, which includes every realm of learning outcomes. The purpose of this research to produce a valid KKNI-based assessment in the Biology Process and Learning Outcomes in the Biology Education Study Program of STKIP PGRI West Sumatra which was valid and limited to the assessment of knowledge and skills. This research is a development research using the Plomp model. The instrument was used a knowledge and skills assessment validity questionnaire. The data analysis technique used the percentage formula. The results showed that the validity value of the knowledge assessment was 96.48 with very valid criteria and the skill assessment was 93.98 with very valid criteria. It can be concluded that the INQF-based assessment in the Biology Process Evaluation and Learning Outcomes lecture is very valid [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contradiction between evolution and personal beliefs is a challenging issue in learning evolution in Indonesia. Few studies report that Indonesia had more misconceptions, lower knowledge about the evolution concept, and lower acceptance of evolution than USA, Koreans, Greeks, and Romans. Teachers' knowledge and acceptance of evolution theory contribute to how they teach evolution to their students. This preliminary study aimed to describe the levels of students' acceptance and perceptions of evolution before the learning process. This study involved 78 participants. The level of acceptance of evolution theory was measured by using Measure of the Theory of Evolution (MATE) and students' perception of evolution was obtained through a questionnaire. The results of MATE revealed 2 students (3%) in high acceptance, 23 students (29%) in moderate acceptance, 43 students (55%) in low acceptance, and 10 students (13%) in very low acceptance category. The questionnaire resulted in 32 students (41%) believed in, 28 students (36%) doubts, and 18 students (23%) not believed in the theory of evolution. Some of the students' perceptions are (1) evolution is a science that can be proved by the fact; (2) the theory of evolution is based solely on speculation; (3) evolution theory is contradictive with creationism and their beliefs; (4) people's misconceptions about the concept of evolution lead to the rejection of the evolution theory. Nevertheless, 93% of students would teach the theory of evolution to their students. These findings provide the view that students are caught between accepting or rejecting the theory of evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existence of various types of schools in Indonesia makes different levels of achievement produced. This is motivated by various factors in the learning process. Several factors that distinguish public and private schools are the difference in achievement levels, learning environments, facilities, and teacher quality. This study is aiming to investigate the quality of public and private schools through the scientific attitude as its learning outcomes. The research method used is the descriptive quantitative method with purposive sampling. The scientific attitude was assessed by using a questionnaire. A total of 171 junior high school students in the 9th or final year were involved from public and private schools were involved in this research. The data was then analyzed using SPSS IBM ver.25 for statistical analysis. After the average was calculated, the normality test shows the data were not normally distributed with the number of significance is 0.012. The non-parametric Mann Whitney test was carried out to continues the analysis, showing the significance is 0.554 for the analysis based on school, and 0.080 based on gender. The first data analysis was calculating the average score of the questionnaire for each dimension. After the analysis there are two dimension of scientific attitude that has significance result based on the type of schools, meanwhile there is only one scientific attitude that has significance result based on sex. This research shows the achievement similarity in scientific attitudes so that the quality of private and public schools in Indonesia does not have a significant difference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skills to analyze and interpret data from physics investigations are an essential aspect of learning physics. This research was conducted in four senior high schools in Jember district, East Java province, Indonesia. The selection of these schools is based on school accreditation and the standard of the teacher's physics learning process. The accreditation levels of the four schools have been accredited in the excellent category. Data analysis and interpretation is the process of solving the data that has been collected in the investigation activity and then synthesizing it into new knowledge. Students who have these skills will think analytically about hypothesizing activities, synthesizing, finding patterns, and connecting findings with problems. Teachers must know these skills to consider appropriate learning strategies so that student learning activities lead to these abilities. This study aimed to identify the power of high school students to analyze and interpret physics inquiry data on the topic of motion kinematics. The research data were obtained using a multiple-choice written test. The results showed that the students' ability to analyze and interpret the data was still unsatisfactory. Students must be involved in many investigative activities, collecting data, analyzing and interpreting data to formulate conclusions. Investigation-based physics learning activities are an alternative to develop these skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was designed to analyze students' understanding of the concept of vectors and their difficulties after the learning process. In this study, using a mixed-method approach with an embedded experimental. In this study, we recruited 34 students from an Islamic-based public school located in Pasuruan, East Java, Indonesia. They consisted of 20 female students and 14 male students. To collect data, we distributed reasonable multiple-choice questions to participants. The study administered pre-test and post-test to find out students' understanding of vector material. Use formative e-assessments integrated into modelling teaching for learning. This learning is done by developing a distributed model. In addition to learning within the classroom, that support the implementation of formative e-assessments, Google forms were used for online learning. Findings suggest that integrated formative e-assessment in modelling instruction learning significantly increased students' understanding of the concept of vectors with an N-gain of 0.42 and an effect size of 1.871. Our study also documented several difficulties experienced by students after the learning enactment, including difficulties in analyzing the direction, addition, subtraction, components, and unit vectors of a vector. The combination of modelling instruction with formative e-assessment can be an alternative for increasing students' understanding during learning vector concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]