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The aim of this study is to compare computational thinking skills of teacher candidates who are educated in Turkey and India. For this purpose, 555 male and 212 female who are students in the Faculty of Education at a University in Turkey and, 239 male and 493 female who are students in Faculty of Education at University of Madras in India. Within the scope of the research, the "computer thinking skill levels scale" developed by Korkmaz, Çakir and Özden (2017) to measure the computer thinking skills of university students in Turkey was used. The scale consists of 29 items and five factors. The Cronbach alpha of Scale' Turkish form is 0.822, and the Indian form is 0.769. Mean, standard deviation, t-test and ANOVA analyses were run on the collected data. According to the results, computational thinking skills of Indian teacher candidates are generally quite high, whereas Turkish teacher candidates are moderately high, and in both groups the students' highest level in term of factors is creativity, and the lowest one is problem-solving skill.

The major objective of this study was to examine the difference between the mean scores of proficiency in Internet usage of college students with respect to gender, locality, subject, parental monthly income, and internet usage time per day. Three hundred college students from various colleges of Kanyakumari district in India were selected by stratified random sampling method. The findings of the study revealed that male and female students did not differ significantly in their Internet usage proficiency. Rural and urban students, computer science and non-computer science students, three groups of students classified on the basis of parental monthly income, and four groups of students based on the time spent for Internet usage differed significantly in their Internet usage proficiency.

This study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of CAI vs. classroom lecture for computer science at ICS level. The objectives were to compare the learning effects of two groups with class room lecture and computer assisted instruction studying the same curriculum and the effects of CAI and CRL in terms of cognitive development. Hypothesis of this research were based on six levels of blooms taxonomy as there was one major hypothesis: There is no significant difference exist for CAI student in gaining a high cognitive achievement than students of same level having Traditional CRL. The study was delimited to three colleges of Faisalabad city. The research was true-experimental in nature. The research design followed by researcher is The Pre-test-Post-test Equivalent groups Deign. The software used for CAI group was basically the combination of Discovery environment and simulation softwares, however, the time for drilling and practice was given to student. It a designed to cover the all levels of cognitive domain described by B. S. Blooms (1956). A question paper containing 30 items multiple choice test was compiled from the curriculum, with a representative number of questions from each of the cognitive levels. Findings of this research indicate that total gain in cognitive domain by CAI was significantly superior to the total gain in cognitive domain by CRL teaching method. This study concluded that the skills of knowledge, analysis and synthesis assured significant increase. The CAI proved to be very much effective in increasing the evaluation and application skills of students to experimental group. Comprehension skill, however, not much affected by the CAI. According to the results of this study it was suggested that CAI as an effective teaching method should be applied to improve teaching quality and by using CAI it will be possible to eliminate lingual, regional and ethical biases between teacher and student.

The Sunday, August 1, 1993 edition of the "Washington Post" featured the headline: "Indians, Foreigners Build Silicon Valley in Bangalore." In the article, Bangalore, a city of more than four million people, was described as "an island of relative affluence and social stability in this ancient land." Multinational high-tech firms, such as IBM, Texas Instruments, Digital, and Hewlett-Packard, had opened offices in Bangalore, attracted by its "temperate climate and low-wage but well-educated labor pool." That Bangalore was a mecca for computer-trained graduate students came as no surprise to Harvard's Division of Continuing Education (DCE), which had been working to establish the Indian Computer Academy (ICA) since 1988. The surprise was that by 1994 the joint collaboration ended in ruins despite an appropriate level of groundwork, partners with excellent academic and financial credentials, and a high level of need for the kind of graduates the ICA wished to produce. In this article, the author presents a case study of the experiences he and his Harvard Division of Continuing Education colleagues had in Bangalore from 1988 to 1993. He concludes his case study with a salutary caveat: "A hard lesson was learned, and at a time when globalization and the lure of other markets make it difficult to resist the impulse to undertake overseas collaborations, we hope our continuing education colleagues will benefit from our experience."

India is now in the throes of a higher education revolution, and its colleges are churning out thousands of professionals each year. Despite the fact that 35 percent of its population still cannot read or write, the country has successfully positioned itself as one of the world's foremost producers of math, science, and technology graduates, forcing current leaders in the field--including the United States--to take a closer look. For many families, getting a child into engineering college is something of a life's mission: A degree is considered a ticket to wealth and success. For the student, it takes a total commitment to and even an obsession with learning to edge out heavy competition for the limited number of seats in the country's best colleges. Here, the author of this article shares Subashini Menon's passion for becoming a computer engineer and move to the United States. Despite her family's dire financial situation, the high school student says she will continue to focus on her goal and hope things work out.

Earlier work often referred to as the "hole in the wall" experiments has shown that groups of children can learn to use public computers on their own. This paper presents the method and results of an experiment conducted to investigate whether such unsupervised group learning in shared public spaces can improve children's performance in school examinations. The experiment was conducted with "hole in the wall" (minimally invasive education, or MIE) kiosks in the rural Sindhudurg District of Maharashtra State, India. 103 children of the Grade 8 level, across 3 villages, were administered the curricular examination for "Computer Science" for that grade. The results show that children who had learned at MIE kiosks were able to complete this curricular examination without being taught the subject. They scored only marginally lower than children who had been taught the "Computers" curriculum in school throughout the school year. The results of this study throw new light on pedagogy for bridging the digital divide. It poses the question that similar learning may well be observed in whole or part in other subjects of the school curriculum. (Contains 6 figures and 2 tables.)

Contribution: This article details a systematic study to investigate knowledge that graduate students have about reliability and safety engineering (RSE), comparing it with industry expectations. Background: Reliability and safety have always been the main focus while developing safety-critical systems (SCS). An interview study was conducted with engineering students in India and Brazil and with experienced practitioners to investigate a perceived mismatch between education and employment on knowledge related to RSE in SCS. Research Question: How does student knowledge of RSE for SCS compare with industry expectations? What measures could be taken by institutes and universities providing computer engineering courses to better meet the expectations of industries regarding SCS? Methodology: Interviews and discussions were conducted with 21 practitioners from ten different organizations to identify what expectations they hold for the students they recruit to develop SCS, as these SCS have high reliability and safety requirements. Interviews were conducted with graduate students of various engineering disciplines to assess their knowledge of RSE for SCS. Analyses were conducted to compare industry expectations with students’ knowledge. Findings: Analyses indicated most graduate students do not have the range of knowledge regarding RSE that recruiters see as essential for the development of SCS. Hence, it is paramount to rethink computing curricula—to include RSE-related topics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A measure of relative importance of variables is often desired by researchers when the explanatory aspects of econometric methods are of interest. To this end, the author briefly reviews the limitations of conventional econometrics in constructing a reliable measure of variable importance. The author highlights the relative stature of explanatory and predictive analysis in economics and the emergence of fruitful collaborations between econometrics and computer science. Learning lessons from both, the author proposes a hybrid approach based on conventional econometrics and advanced machine learning (ML) algorithms, which are otherwise, used in predictive analytics. The purpose of this article is two-fold: to propose a hybrid approach to assess relative importance and demonstrate its applicability in addressing policy priority issues with an example of food inflation in India, followed by a broader aim to introduce the possibility of conflation of ML and conventional econometrics to an audience of researchers in economics and social sciences, in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chairs of thesis research in Computer Sciences at the University of Mumbai, in India, have different tools that provide academic support to those who begin the course. Students present difficulty in selecting the topic to study and, in some cases, this is a reason to neglect or delay in the career. Having a registry of thesis of the graduates proved to be useful for obtaining patterns on the relationship between the research area addressed in this thesis and the characteristics that define the researcher. For this study, the knowledge discovery process in Database was used. Finally, the results of the use of algorithms J4.8 in WEKA, ID3 tags in RapidMiner and CART IN Knime and the various models generated, with the data collected were presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes results of a scientometric study of "Robotics" research publications during the period of 10 years i.e. (2009-2018). The raw data was collected from leading citation database i.e. Scopus. The study examines and analysis various scientometrics parameter and after the analysis it has been found that the out of total 4325 research paper, the highest documents were published in 2018 i.e. 791 (18.29%) while the minimum 134 (3.1%) of research papers were found in the year 2009 and the annual growth rate of publications was in fluctuating trends. The maximum (1.23) relative growth rate was found in 2010; the highest doubling time (3.43) was recorded in 2018; the maximum papers were written by more than three authors i.e. 1657 research papers. The average degree of author's collaborations was (0.93). Krishna, K.M. was the most productive author with (51) research papers contribution. Out of a total 16670 citations, 2718 citations were recorded in 2010 and a total 4325 publications, 2704 (62.52%) of records were conference paper. The highest publications came from computer science subject and the highest publications were published in ACM international conference proceeding series while the maximum 2508 'Robotics keyword was used by the authors during the period of study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the unintended consequences of U.S. immigration policy on India's IT boom. In the 1990s, Indian college students and workers gained computer science skills with the hope of migrating to the U.S. IT industry. However, many ended up staying in India or returning after a short period due to restrictive immigration policies. These workers contributed to the development of India's IT sector, which experienced significant growth in the late 2000s. The article explores the impact of U.S. high-skill immigration policy on both India and the U.S., highlighting the potential benefits and drawbacks for each country. [Extracted from the article]

Agricultural bioinformatics is one of the recent and the fastest emerging disciplines of the science exploiting computational approaches to biology and life sciences. It is facilitated through mathematical algorithms and statistical techniques essential for the development of a required labyrinthine algorithm that can interpret biological data and configure assumptions from biological shreds of evidences. The discipline comprises many quantitative examinations of the knowledge relating to the biological macromolecules, seeking aid from high-end computing systems and progresses further to computer science and communication technology solving arduous conundrums in the respective fields of life science and more precisely in the field of agriculture. India has mainly focused on the technological upgradation but lacks effective policy measures to have shifts from the traditional technologies. The National System of Innovation framework presents the current landscape of agriculture bioinformatics, and can be mapped for research purpose. The framework requires a variety of expertise stakeholders' networks for productive results, which can cater to the present and the future food demands, and can pinpoint needed solutions. This paper discusses the growth of agricultural bioinformatics in India and the challenges in that field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines quality and quantity of scientific research in India as reflected in publications output on grid computing on a series of bibliometric indicators. Data were extracted from Scopus database consisting of 1340 publications in grid computing research from India in 10 years during 2008-17 citation impact of 4.33 citations per paper and international collaborative publication share of 12.16%. The paper profiles global publication output and share of 10 most productive countries in grid computing research, 15 most productive Indian organizations and 15 most productive authors on a series of indicators including publications output, number of citations, the relative citation index, citations per paper, h-index and share of international collaborative papers during 2008-17. Computer science, among top 3 subjects, accounted for the largest publication share (90.15%), followed by engineering (26.79%) and mathematics (13.66%). The 15 most leading organizations and authors together contributed 31.57% and 14.25% as their share of Indian publication output and 44.93% and 16.17% as their share of Indian citation output respectively during 2008-17. The most productive Indian organizations were Anna University, Chennai (74 papers) and Thapar University, Patiala (48 papers) The most productive authors were I. Chana of Thapar University, Patiala (21 papers) and N. Mukherjee of Jadavpur University, Kolkata (18 papers). The 15 most productive journals contributed 43.92% share to the Indian journal publication output during 2008-17. The most productive journals were Applied Engineering Research (16 publications), Journal of Grid Computing (14 publications) and Future Generation Computer Systems (13 publications). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Each year in India, road traffic crashes lead to more than 200,000 deaths and the country has seen an unprecedented rate of roadway fatalities in recent years. At the same time, alcohol consumption per capita among Indians is rising. Despite these increasing trends of road traffic injuries (RTIs) and alcohol use, alcohol is not routinely assessed as a risk factor for RTIs. This study aims to examine the involvement of alcohol among emergency department patients presenting with RTIs in the Indian city of Hyderabad.Patients and Methods: As part of a prospective study, data were collected from 3366 patients (88.0% male) presenting with RTIs at an emergency department in Hyderabad, India, from September 2013 to February 2014. Logistic regression models were used to assess individual-level and road traffic crash characteristics associated with suspected or reported alcohol consumption six hours prior to the RTI.Results: Alcohol was suspected or reported among 17.9% of the patients with RTIs. Adjusting for confounders, males experienced 9.8 times greater odds of alcohol-related RTIs than females. Compared to 15-24 year-olds, the odds of alcohol consumption was 1.4 times greater among 25-34 year-olds and 1.7 times greater among 35-44 year-olds, adjusting for confounding factors. Patients who were passengers in vehicles other than motorized two-wheelers had 90% reduced odds of an alcohol-related RTI than motorized two-wheeler drivers. Drivers of non-two-wheelers, passengers on two-wheelers, and pedestrians did not have significantly different odds of an alcohol-related RTI compared to two-wheeler drivers. Nighttime crashes were associated with nearly a threefold increase in the odds of alcohol consumption.Conclusions: Given that alcohol was suspected or reported in more than one in six injured ED patients with RTIs, it is clear that alcohol is a serious risk factor for RTIs; this evidence can guide prevention efforts. These findings suggest that evidence-based interventions to reduce drink-driving, such as random breath testing (where law enforcement officials stop drivers on the road to test them for alcohol use), could be more widespread in India. Future studies should assess the effectiveness of greater implementation and enforcement of policies to decrease alcohol's availability to reduce RTIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the impact of import of technology on productivity of the organised manufacturing sector of India using firm level panel data for the period of 1995-2010. The estimation of an augmented Cobb-Douglas production function using the Levinsohn and Petrin econometric technique suggests that both embodied as well as disembodied forms of technology import have a positive and significant effect on aggregate manufacturing productivity. However, the sectoral estimation results based on technology intensive classification of firms reveal that the embodied technology purchases have a relatively more significant and positive impact across sectors, whereas the disembodied technology imports have positive effect on the productivity of medium technology intensive sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The history of computing in India is inextricably intertwined with two interacting forces: the political climate (determined by the political party in power) and the government policies mainly driven by the technocrats and bureaucrats who acted within the boundaries drawn by the political party in power. There were four break points (which occurred in 1970, 1978, 1991 and 1998) that changed the direction of the development of computers and their applications. This article explains why these breaks occurred and how they affected the history of computing in India. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this study, the publications of Odisha are collected from ISI Web of Science and quantitatively analysed. Total 14,899 items were retrieved for the period 1967-2011, and there was no publications available from 1945-1966. From 1972, the publications grow steadily up to 1982 but after that the growth is irregular, then rapidly growth is notices from 2006 onwards. Authors of State have collaborated with most of the developed countries of the world. It is a good sign that the publications of new institutes are increasing but publications of old colleges have decreased. The authors have published some of their publications in high impact journals. Some areas which are priority to State such as clinical sciences, geology, environmental sciences, marine sciences, and computer sciences are neglected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite expanding access to antiretroviral therapy (ART), most of the estimated 2.3 to 2.5 million HIV-infected individuals in India remain undiagnosed. The questions of whom to test for HIV and at what frequency remain unclear. Methods: We used a simulation model of HIV testing and treatment to examine alternative HIV screening strategies: 1) current practice, 2) one-time, 3) every five years, and 4) annually; and we applied these strategies to three population scenarios: 1) the general Indian population (“national population”), i.e. base case (HIV prevalence 0.29%; incidence 0.032/100 person-years [PY]); 2) high-prevalence districts (HIV prevalence 0.8%; incidence 0.088/100 PY), and 3) high-risk groups (HIV prevalence 5.0%; incidence 0.552/100 PY). Cohort characteristics reflected Indians reporting for HIV testing, with a median age of 35 years, 66% men, and a mean CD4 count of 305 cells/µl. The cost of a rapid HIV test was $3.33. Outcomes included life expectancy, HIV-related direct medical costs, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs), and secondary transmission benefits. The threshold for “cost-effective” was defined as 3x the annual per capita GDP of India ($3,900/year of life saved [YLS]), or for “very cost-effective” was <1x the annual per capita GDP ($1,300/YLS). Results: Compared to current practice, one-time screening was very cost-effective in the national population (ICER: $1,100/YLS), high-prevalence districts (ICER: $800/YLS), and high-risk groups (ICER: $800/YLS). Screening every five years in the national population (ICER: $1,900/YLS) and annual screening in high-prevalence districts (ICER: $1,900/YLS) and high-risk groups (ICER: $1,800/YLS) were also cost-effective. Results were most sensitive to costs of care and linkage-to-care. Conclusions: In India, voluntary HIV screening of the national population every five years offers substantial clinical benefit and is cost-effective. Annual screening is cost-effective among high-risk groups and in high-prevalence districts nationally. Routine HIV screening in India should be implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of Twenty-years-old conflict on Kashmiri society has proved deeper, wider and has engulfed the totality of social dynamics. In actuality, every sector and every section of the Kashmiri society suffer in totality at the individual as well as group level. Education was the major causality as a result of the conflict .The major cause leading to the decreasing working days were incidents of violence and crumbling of the entire system of governance. This paper aims to focus on the impact of the conflict situation on education of youth in Kashmir. The present study has been limited to youth enrolled in various degree colleges covering the faculties of general science, social science, Humanities, Business/commerce and computer science. The respondents were selected from the colleges of six districts of Kashmir province of Jammu and Kashmir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study undertakes the ranking of the most productive Indian institutions, viz., institutes of national importance, universities/ deemed universities, industrial enterprises, research institutes, Indian Institute(s) of Information Technology (IIIT(s)), select top engineering colleges, and regional engineering colleges (RECs)/National Institutes of Technology (NITs) in computer science research for their research output published during 1999-2008. The publications output of these productive institutions is judged on the basis of various quantitative indicators, such as the total number of raw papers and international collaborative papers and qualitative indicators, such as the average number of citations per paper and h-index value, and also in terms of a new composite indicator, which combines quantitative and qualitative aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the relationship of gender perception towards computing with computer anxiety and computer self-efficacy among female and male students in the U.S. It examines the impact of the two psychological factors on gender assessment concerning computing-related education and careers between American male and female students. It further investigates the same relationship among Indian students wherein female participation in the field is rapidly intensifying due to the growing demand for information technology (IT) outsourcing worldwide.

The paper covers the role of Information Technology is satisfying human needs of faculty of BBAU in particular. It provides brief introduction and profile of BBAU. This focuses on various kinds of needs of faculty members and role of Information technology in satisfying the same such as cognitive needs affection needs, etc. It also covers the factors which affect the information needs of faculty members in the university. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents abstracts on medical topics including the role of closed-loop insulin for pregnant women, the duodenal exclusion effects for type 2 diabetes, and integration of transitions and diabetes care.

Abstract: This paper gathers and analyzes self-reported user behavior data for public computers installed in varied neighborhoods in India to explore the relationship between environmental factors such as urbanicity and reported usage behaviors. There is evidence of large differences in usage behavior between urban and non-urban sites. Children at urban sites fit a profile of dedicated and independent kiosk-goers, while rural children are more likely to use the computers in groups. Total overall computer usage, however, appears similar in both environments. The sites used for the study have other important characteristics, such as proximity to a school complex, which could have large mitigating effects on the measured behaviors. Further study could yield other interesting and more generalizable results. This study provides insight into children''s behavior patterns at free-access ‘Hole-in-the-Wall’ computers as well as offers exploratory findings for the designers of free-access computers in developing nations where alternative educational development via technology could be implemented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Following the economic liberalization of 1991, the government of India established the software technology parks of India (STPI) scheme and opened numerous software parks around the country. These parks have played a critical role in the growth of India’s software sector. In recent years, private software parks have also been established in different parts of India. The government of India is now promoting biotechnology (biotech) parks to encourage growth of this emerging sector. The biotech parks are still in their infancy with a few operating parks. There are several upcoming biotech parks in different Indian states with support from the respective state governments. The government of India continues to play an important role in establishing technology parks. Biotech-Information Technology (Bio-IT) park is the next type of park that the government is planning to promote. This article discusses the institutional history of these technology parks in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of the series of studies is to examine through a survey the need a theoretical foundation and potentialities of Knowmatics and knowledge technology. The objectives of the present study are: 1) to examine the effectiveness of Information Technology (IT) in knowledge processing; and 2) to examine the need and possibility of developing a new technology for knowledge processing. Based on the findings of the survey suggests the following: to give training and provide experience in advanced web technologies like data mining/XML/Semantic web, etc.; to establish a new data mining/knowledge management technology considered as helpful in processing information into knowledge; conduct awareness programmes about the need to develop new algorithms or software for knowledge processing different from those used for data processing; and to include the subjects ‘Structure and development of knowledge’, ‘Information economy’ and ‘Information society’ in the educational courses for information professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reflects on information technology professionals and the new-rich middle class in Chennai, India. The column examines the most high-profile sections of the new-rich middle class in urban India: the professional staff in the new information technology (IT) companies that provide the indispensable, material basis' for the informational global economy as described by Manuel Castells. It also outlines the profile of the IT professionals who work in Indian Computer Services to identify the combination of features that makes them distinctive.

Computer science is of central importance to India for its impact on the national economy and society at large, and its role in shaping India as a technology superpower. This paper analyses the status of computer science research in India in terms of publication output, its areas of strength and weakness, and the leading institutions and individual scholars involved in computer science research in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Describes the quality and status of computer science research in India as of June 1997. Absence of quality work; Sufficiency of funding for sponsored institutions; Isolation of general research work; Support from academic institutions and industry-sponsored laboratories. INSETS: Funding for computer science research.;Communications facilities for research..

Information Networks as well as Cloud computing both are emerging facets in the field of Information Science (IS). Cloud Computing is a wonderful tool of supplement, consumption as well as delivery architecture for Computer Science. Here in this article we describe some concept related to Cloud Computing and its probable application emphasizing in the field of Information Networks and Electronic Information Grids. We also mention the conventional and latest issue and challenges regarding cloud computing emphasizing its possible integration and utilization in Indian scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A biography of Professor Rangaswamy Narasimhan is presented. He was born in Madras, currently known as Chennai, India on April 17, 1926. Narasimhan has been considered as founder of the computer science and technology across the country, particularly the emergence of the Computer Society of India (CSI). On Narasimhan's retirement in 1990, he accepted the invitation to be a Computer Maintenance Corp. (CMC) National Fellow in Information Technology.