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This article discusses a study conducted by researchers from Nanjing University in China on the molecular mechanisms that regulate the interaction between metabolic and immune pathways in the development of metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. The study focuses on the role of a protein called TBC1D1 in regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in macrophages, which are elevated in obesity. The researchers found that a mutation in TBC1D1 resulted in obesity and other metabolic diseases in mice, and that TBC1D1 regulates a small G protein called Rab8a to govern ROS production in macrophages. The study suggests that targeting ROS production in macrophages could be a potential strategy for combating obesity. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine in Xianyang, China, explored the effects of Wuling capsule (WL) on liver fibrosis. Liver fibrosis is a common feature of chronic liver disease and can lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer. The study found that WL treatment in rats with carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis resulted in improved liver function, reduced collagen deposition, and modulation of macrophage polarization. WL achieved these effects by inhibiting the TLR4-NF-kappa B signaling pathway. These findings suggest that WL may be a potential therapeutic option for liver fibrosis. [Extracted from the article]

A clinical trial is underway in China to develop an artificial intelligence (AI)-based system for diagnosing and predicting the prognosis of breast phyllodes tumors (PT). PT is a rare tumor that can become malignant and has high recurrence and metastasis rates. The research team aims to create an AI model that combines clinical information, histopathological images, and multi-omics data to improve early detection and prognosis prediction. They have identified key mechanisms and molecular markers that can accurately predict the risk of tumor recurrence. This research has the potential to enhance PT diagnosis and treatment, address disparities in care, and contribute to the development of new therapeutic targets. The document also provides a list of related publications and information about an ongoing clinical trial that is recruiting participants. [Extracted from the article]

CellOrigin Biotechnology has announced the treatment of the first patient in China with their CAR-macrophage therapy product (CAR-M) SY001. This marks the first investigator-initiated clinical study of CAR-M cell therapy in China. The treatment was well tolerated with no dose-limiting toxicity observed, and the company expects that this innovative product will prove its safety and effectiveness in clinical trials, offering new hope for the treatment of solid tumors. CellOrigin has also collaborated with Zhejiang University on research papers exploring the development of second-generation CAR-iMAC and targeted glycan degradation for solid tumors. They are conducting further pre-clinical and clinical studies to provide safe and effective treatment choices for patients. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Zhejiang University School of Medicine in China has found that inhibiting the synthesis and reabsorption of uric acid (UA) in hepatocytes can ameliorate acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury in mice. The study discovered that acetaminophen overdose leads to excessive production of UA, which causes liver inflammation and cell damage. Inhibiting UA production may be a potential therapeutic option for treating acetaminophen-induced liver injury. This research provides valuable insights into the mechanisms behind drug-induced liver injury and potential treatment strategies. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at China Medical University in Shenyang, China, has explored the use of a novel drug therapy for treating inflammatory macrophages in arthritis inflammation. The researchers developed a hydrogel microsphere capsule that contained a selective inhibitor for NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), an enzyme protein involved in regulating cellular redox state. The capsule demonstrated the ability to suppress inflammation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and ferroptosis, suggesting it could be a promising treatment strategy for osteoarthritis and other inflammatory diseases. The study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China. [Extracted from the article]

A recent research report from Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital in China provides new insights into high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). The study aimed to identify biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of HGSOC. The researchers analyzed bulk RNA-seq and single-cell RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. They identified nine cell types and 37 differentially expressed marker genes of monocytes. A2M, CD163, and FPR1 were identified as hub genes and used to construct a risk model for HGSOC. The study also revealed the potential therapeutic targets and mechanisms of monocytes in HGSOC. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University in China has found that Milk Fat Globule-Epidermal Growth Factor 8 (MFG-E8) may play an oncogenic role in gastric cancer (GC) development. The study analyzed the expression of MFG-E8 in GC patients and cells and found that high levels of MFG-E8 were associated with poor overall survival. The researchers also discovered a potential correlation between MFG-E8 and the infiltration of M2 macrophages, as well as chemotherapy resistance. The findings suggest that MFG-E8 could serve as a prognostic marker and a potential target for immunotherapy in GC. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine in China investigated the effects of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) derived from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on osteoclast differentiation and macrophage polarization in mice with osteoporosis. The sEVs were found to inhibit osteoclast formation and decrease the expression of osteoclast marker genes. They also inhibited macrophage polarization to the M1 phenotype and induced polarization to the M2 phenotype. Additionally, the sEVs delayed bone loss in osteoporosis mice by promoting the polarization of M2 type macrophages. [Extracted from the article]

A report from Guizhou Medical University in China discusses the role of macrophages in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The researchers conducted a bibliometric analysis to review the characteristics and research trends related to macrophages in HNSCC. They found that the number of publications on this topic has steadily increased over the past 23 years, with China producing the most articles and the United States having the highest number of citations. The analysis also revealed that studies have focused on macrophage polarization, markers, and inflammation in the tumor microenvironment, as well as the immunosuppressive role of tumor-associated macrophages and resistance to therapy in HNSCC. [Extracted from the article]

A research study conducted by Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine in China has found that inhibiting the expression of a protein called PFKFB3 in macrophages can stimulate the production of VEGF-C, a growth factor that promotes lymphangiogenesis. Lymphangiogenesis, the dilation of lymphatic vessels, is crucial for maintaining heart function and preventing heart failure. The study suggests that suppressing PFKFB3 expression in macrophages could potentially facilitate lymphangiogenesis and reduce the inflammatory effects of ischemia-reperfusion injury, which occurs after an acute myocardial infarction. Further research is needed to explore this potential therapeutic approach. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Anhui Medical University in China explored the immune characteristics of mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAITs) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The study found that MAITs in AML patients exhibited signs of aging and exhaustion, particularly in the CD8+ subset. Additionally, MAITs showed a highly activated or exhausted state, as indicated by the upregulation of PD-1. The study also revealed that lower frequency of MAITs was associated with poorer overall survival, suggesting their potential importance in AML pathogenesis and treatment. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the development of novel immunotherapeutic strategies in AML. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical College in China has explored a new approach to repairing bone defects. The researchers developed a composite hydrogel loaded with exosomes derived from M2 macrophages, which are known to promote fracture healing. The hydrogel demonstrated good biocompatibility and sustained release of exosomes for up to two weeks. In experiments with rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, the hydrogel significantly promoted osteogenic differentiation. Furthermore, in a rat cranial defect model, the hydrogel showed superior bone regeneration-promoting effects. This study offers a promising cell-free treatment strategy for bone defects. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at Shenyang University of Chemical Technology in China has found that genetically modified macrophages, a type of immune cell, can be used as a novel treatment for cancer. The researchers developed a lentiviral vector, called HIV-1-Vpx, which significantly enhanced the infection efficiency of macrophages compared to normal lentivirus. The introduction of Vpx also promoted macrophage remodeling towards a proinflammatory phenotype, making it a potential tool for generating genetically engineered macrophages for solid tumor treatment. This research provides valuable insights into the development of cancer gene therapy using macrophages. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine in China has found that immunosuppressive M2 macrophages can make cancer cells resistant to immune checkpoint blockade therapy (ICB) by secreting exosomes. These exosomes transmit apolipoprotein E (ApoE) to cancer cells, which downregulates MHC-I expression and reduces tumor intrinsic immunogenicity. The researchers suggest that ApoE could serve as a predictor and potential therapeutic target for ICB resistance in cancer patients with M2 macrophage enrichment. They propose that treating M2-enriched tumors with an ApoE ligand, EZ-482, could restore sensitivity to ICB immunotherapy. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University in China has found that a 3D printed strontium-doped calcium phosphate ceramic scaffold can enhance early angiogenesis and promote bone repair. The researchers discovered that the scaffold can regulate macrophage polarization, leading to increased angiogenesis and improved bone repair. This finding suggests a new strategy for the treatment of clinical bone defects. The study provides valuable insights into the field of bone research and biomedical engineering. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital in China explores the role of exosomes in ovarian cancer progression. The study found that exosomes secreted by ovarian carcinoma cells can regulate the phenotype and function of macrophages. Specifically, the researchers discovered that hypoxic exosomes enriched with miR-1225-5p promote M2 macrophage polarization by modulating Toll-like receptor 2 expression. This polarization, in turn, promotes ovarian cancer cell viability, migration, and invasion through the wnt/b-catenin pathway. The findings shed light on the mechanisms underlying ovarian cancer progression and may have implications for future therapeutic strategies. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Gansu Agricultural University in China explored the potential anti-inflammatory effects of Limonium aureum (LAH), a natural product. The study aimed to uncover the mechanism by which LAH alleviates inflammatory responses in macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The researchers found that LAH inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines while promoting the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines. They also identified potential signaling pathways involved in LAH's anti-inflammatory activity. These findings provide a basis for further research on LAH as a potential natural anti-inflammatory drug. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at Guangzhou First People's Hospital in China explores the use of sorafenib, a drug commonly used in salvage treatment for relapsed and refractory acute leukemia. The researchers found that patients with high expression of the c-kit (CD117) receptor tyrosine kinase in leukemia cells had a better response to sorafenib. They hypothesized that the c-CBL gene, which regulates the inactivation and metabolism of the c-kit signal, may play a role in this relationship. By manipulating the expression of the c-CBL gene in leukemia cell lines, the researchers observed changes in cell proliferation, drug sensitivity, and apoptosis. The study concludes by suggesting further exploration of the molecular mechanisms underlying these phenomena. [Extracted from the article]

This article provides information about a clinical trial, NCT06150365, that is currently recruiting participants in China. The trial aims to investigate the safety and efficacy of personalized KSX01-TCRT in patients with advanced solid tumors. The trial is divided into two stages and has primary outcome measures related to subject safety and tumor efficacy. The document also outlines the specific eligibility criteria for patients, including requirements related to tumor-specific TCR sequences, expected survival time, organ function, and renal function. The study is affiliated with the Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and is expected to be completed by December 1, 2028. [Extracted from the article]

A research study conducted by Wenzhou Medical University in China explores the role of AIM2 in promoting immune escape in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). The study found that AIM2 expression in LUAD is positively correlated with the expression of M2 macrophage markers and PD-L1. Knockdown of AIM2 resulted in upregulation of M1 macrophage markers, downregulation of M2 markers and PD-L1, and decreased co-localization of proteins associated with PD-L1 and M2 macrophages. The study suggests that AIM2 fosters M2 macrophage polarization and PD-L1 expression through the JAK/STAT3 pathway, contributing to immune escape in LUAD. This research may have implications for the clinical treatment of LUAD. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers from Jinzhou Medical University in China explores the role of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the development of new therapeutics. The study reveals strong correlations between cfDNA levels, inflammatory response, and RA disease activity. The researchers developed a novel therapeutic using anti-inflammatory macrophage-derived exosomes that are modified with oligolysine and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-cleavable polyethylene glycol (PEG). This therapeutic demonstrated the ability to suppress inflammation, provide chondroprotection, and osteoprotection in animal models of RA, suggesting its potential for effective treatment. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at Nantong University in China explores the use of a bionic peptide scaffold to promote peripheral nerve regeneration. The researchers found that the scaffold, which envelops regenerative cytokines and extracellular vesicles, promotes the transformation of M2 macrophages and facilitates the proliferation and migration of Schwann cells, neuron growth, and motor function recovery. The study highlights the important role of M2 macrophages in regulating and restoring injured peripheral nerves and suggests that this bionic peptide scaffold could be used to develop pro-regenerative biomaterials. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Harbin Medical University in China has found that a long noncoding RNA called Gpr137b-ps plays a role in the progression of advanced atherosclerosis. The study discovered that Gpr137b-ps impairs the interaction between HSC70 and G3BP, which regulates amino acid-mTORC1-autophagy signaling in macrophages. The findings suggest that targeting Gpr137b-ps could be a potential therapeutic approach for treating advanced atherosclerosis. This research provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of atherosclerosis. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University in China has explored the cellular crosstalk between macrophages and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The researchers generated a single-cell atlas of 52 NSCLC patients and identified five distinct functional subtypes of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). These TAMs were found to play a role in mediating CD8+ T cell activity and forming intercellular interactions with cancer cells. The study highlights the importance of understanding the tumor microenvironment and its implications for cancer therapy. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Central South University in China has found that the loss of ADAR1, an enzyme involved in RNA editing, in macrophages combined with interferon gamma treatment can suppress tumor growth by remodeling the tumor microenvironment. The researchers analyzed patient-derived data and conducted experiments on mouse models to investigate the effects of ADAR1 loss and interferon gamma treatment on tumor growth. They found that ADAR1 loss in macrophages leads to the secretion of specific cytokines that inhibit angiogenesis and enhance the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells, resulting in tumor regression. This study suggests that targeting ADAR1 in macrophages could have therapeutic potential in cancer treatment. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine in China has provided new insights into hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). HSCs are stem cells that can differentiate into various blood cells and have long-term self-renewal capacity. The study focused on mononuclear cells (MNCs), which play an important role in the microenvironment of HSCs. Using single-cell RNA sequencing technology, the researchers investigated the cellular composition of cells from different microenvironments during different stages of hematopoiesis. The study found that fetal liver macrophages have strong cell migration and actin skeleton formation capabilities, allowing them to participate in hematopoietic homeostasis. The findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of the regulation mechanisms of HSCs and their microenvironment. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers from the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University in China has examined the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on testicular tissues at the single-cell level. The study found that ZnO NPs had deleterious effects on spermatogonia, Sertoli cells, and macrophages, leading to cell apoptosis and disruption of blood-testis barrier formation. The researchers identified two distinct maturation states of spermatogonia and observed reservoir exhaustion of undifferentiated spermatogonia due to ZnO NPs exposure. The study provides insights into the mechanisms of ZnO NPs-induced testis damage and may contribute to the development of biomarkers and therapeutics for this disorder. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Binzhou Medical University in China explores the relationship between silicon dioxide inhalation and the development of silicosis, a chronic lung disease characterized by pulmonary fibrosis. The study focuses on the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in alveolar macrophages, which are cells in the lungs that play a crucial role in immune response. The researchers found that inhalation of silica dust can lead to ERS in alveolar macrophages, which in turn contributes to the development of silicosis fibrosis. The study suggests that targeting the ERS of macrophages could be a potential therapeutic approach for treating silicosis. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Henan University in China has found that deleting a protein called Vamp3 in myeloid cells can reduce inflammation and pain in mice. The researchers discovered that Vamp3-deficient mice had lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines, which are released by activated macrophages and contribute to chronic inflammatory conditions. The study also showed that Vamp3 depletion led to decreased paw edema, joint swelling, and pain sensitivity in the mice. These findings suggest that Vamp3 could be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: Hubei; People's Republic of China; Asia; Blood Proteins; Connective Tissue Cells; Cytokines; Glycoproteins; Health and Medicine; Immunology; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Light Metals; Macrophages; Membrane Proteins; Monokines; Mononuclear Phagocyte System; Myeloid Cells; Peptides; Phagocytes; Proteins; Titanium; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Tumor Necrosis Factors EN Hubei People's Republic of China Asia Blood Proteins Connective Tissue Cells Cytokines Glycoproteins Health and Medicine Immunology Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins Light Metals Macrophages Membrane Proteins Monokines Mononuclear Phagocyte System Myeloid Cells Peptides Phagocytes Proteins Titanium Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Tumor Necrosis Factors 2023 FEB 17 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Health & Medicine Week -- Investigators discuss new findings in Membrane Proteins - Tumor Necrosis Factors. Hubei, People's Republic of China, Asia, Blood Proteins, Connective Tissue Cells, Cytokines, Glycoproteins, Health and Medicine, Immunology, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Light Metals, Macrophages, Membrane Proteins, Monokines, Mononuclear Phagocyte System, Myeloid Cells, Peptides, Phagocytes, Proteins, Titanium, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Tumor Necrosis Factors. [Extracted from the article]