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The renewable energy+energy storage model has an important role to play in achieving China's proposal of the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goal. In order to study the development mechanism of renewable energy+storage cooperation with government participation, this paper constructs a three-party evolutionary game model among government, renewable energy generators, and energy storage service suppliers, based on the data of a renewable energy+storage project in a Chinese province. In this paper, we analyze the game process and the factors affecting the behavioral strategies of the three parties through numerical simulation. The study shows that the government regulation has a positive effect on the cooperative development of renewable energy+energy storage, and it can effectively restrain the wasteful phenomenon of renewable energy generation by means of punishment and improve the operating income of cooperative projects by means of subsidies, which can help the enterprises to broaden the application scenarios of energy storage. The government can effectively promote the improvement of renewable energy+energy storage cooperation mechanism by formulating regulatory mechanism, controlling the cost of supervision, and dynamically adjusting the intensity of supervision. Therefore, the research in this paper not only enriches the research related to renewable energy+energy storage mode but also provides valuable reference for the government to formulate regulatory policies related to renewable energy+energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's first hydroelectric station began producing electricity in 1912, a year better known for marking the end of imperial rule and the advent of republican governance. Located a short distance outside of the southwestern city of Kunming, Shilongba (Stone Dragon Dam) was a cross-cultural endeavour that involved long-distance encounters of both materials and expertise that spanned not just vast expanses within China, but also a world divided by competing imperial interests. The technologies involved were at once both new and old. Turbines and dynamos represented the latest in German innovation, but the techniques used to carve the canal and lower the water table had been perfected over centuries. A history of Shilongba thus allows us to approach China's transition from Empire to Republic not merely as a political process but also as one of multiple makings – of state, technology, energy, society, and not least, history itself. This paper explores these multiple makings, focusing on the first phase of construction from 1908 to 1912, when a dam was constructed, a canal dug, and the first power station established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, three magnetometer stations in China and four co-located magnetometers and geoelectric field detectors in Japan were primarily used for observing co-seismic signatures excited by nuclear explosions conducted in North Korea between 2006 - 2017. The observations in Japan did not measure considerable magnitudes of the co-seismic electromagnetic (EM) signals corresponding to the geomagnetic and geoelectric fields at large distances from the explosion source. However, the geomagnetic field detectors in northeast China detected clear co-seismic signatures, shortly after the arrival time of the seismic waves. On the day of the most powerful blast on 3 September 2017, the horizontal component of the geomagnetic field with a maximum amplitude of ±5 nT was measured at the Changchun station in China, located at a distance of less than 500 km from the explosion source. In order to understand the measured signals, three mechanisms that can induce these signals were simulated. The electrokinetic and dynamo effects were observed to primarily contribute to the formation of the surface-wave-related EM signals, whereas the shaking and vibration of the instrument caused the continuous oscillation seen in the geomagnetic observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the advantage of quick response and flexible ramp, energy storage system (ESS) offers a promising capability of fast frequency control for power systems, especially under a severe disturbance. This paper proposes an ESS control strategy using local measurement in order to provide fast frequency support right after a sufficiently severe disturbance is observed. The proposed strategy includes online frequency characteristic estimator and online optimization controller. Distinguished from existing approaches, no prior knowledge of power system model is required in this work, including generator configuration, operation condition, and frequency response of each component. Instead, the overall system frequency characteristic is approximated online by the proposed estimator. Then, the power setpoint of ESS is determined adaptively to participate in frequency control by the proposed model predictive controller. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified via real-world data of a provincial power grid in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Distributed generation (DG) technologies are environmentally friendly and have low operating costs, and thus, distributed generators are widely used for the energy supplies of buildings. Solar energy used for on‐demand heating of buildings is also a mature technology that is environmentally friendly and inexpensive and has a short recycling life cycle. This paper proposes a high proportion of new energy access–combined cooling, heating, and power (HPNE‐CCHP) system composed of a distributed generator and solar energy heat pump system. To obtain the optimum capacity of the HPNE‐CCHP system, nondominated sorting genetic algorithm‐II (NSGA‐II) was used to optimize the system by considering the life cycle cost (LCC) and life cycle pollutant emissions (LCPE) as the objective functions. A mixed integer economic scheduling model (MIESM) was proposed to make the HPNE‐CCHP system operate more economically. Finally, an HPNE‐CCHP system was constructed for a building in Northern China. The simulation results show that an HPNE‐CCHP system with a moderate proportion of new energy is more economical and environmentally friendly than a traditional CCHP system. Building occupants, depending on their desired spending, can select the best capacity configuration on the Pareto frontier. Although pollutant emissions will be reduced as the proportion of new energy increases, this type of configuration is expensive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A higher magnetic field can provide more opportunities to reveal new phenomena in a scientific research. Aiming to achieve a higher magnetic field, Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center (WHMFC), Wuhan, China has designed a a power supply system for 100 T magnetic field under existing power supply conditions in April 2015. The 100 T magnet consisting of three coils is energized by a multipower supply system. The outer coil is energized by a pulsed generator-rectifier connected to battery bank in series. The middle coil and the inner coil are energized by two capacitor bank, respectively. To ensure safety and reliable operation, control sequence as well as protection system for the power system is designed and developed. A test system including the prototype of three-coil magnet is established at WHMFC. A series of tests are carried out on hybrid power supply systems. 73.3 T peak field has been achieved as the highest magnetic field in the test. The test results presented in this paper show the hybrid power supply system is feasible and operable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At scenic sites across China, rural officials compelled to maximize revenue use local state authority over protected areas to foster "tourism dynamos". Local states set up infrastructure and institutions around rural attractions that channel the circulation of tourists, churning out revenues that meet quotas and fund further expansion of attractions and towns. To make these dynamos turn, local authorities have displaced resident-led tourism operations they had previously helped set up. Residents are reincorporated in varying ways and often retain land use rights. Meanwhile, as revenues stream out of attractions, what little is invested in environmental protection goes to maintaining scenery. Local governments also accomplish spatial transformations, within each park intensifying surplus generation in areas zoned for tourism while reserving other areas from use, and beyond park boundaries linking attractions together on tourism circuits radiating from central towns. This state-driven transformations depend on how the reservation of land from commodity exchange within protected areas comes together with specific state capacities to enable tourism intensification. These processes, which I label "developmental conservation," call attention to selective commodifications and the mediating role of the state in protected area governance in China and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Substantial virtual water concurrent electricity is transferred among six grids in China’s electric power system. An in-depth understanding of this virtual water is essential considering the increasingly severe water deficiency in China. Using ecological network analysis (ENA), we investigate the virtual water network within China’s electric power system (VWNCEPS) during 2007–2012, including (1) tracking the virtual water flows from the power generators to the power consumers and analyzing the tendency of the track results, (2) identifying the important grids that largely influence both the magnitude and diversity of the VWNCEPS, and (3) evaluating the overall performance of the VWNCEPS. Additionally, a new indicator is proposed that incorporates the concept of the water stress index (WSI) to measure the impact of the VWNCEPS on national water stress mitigation. The results show that during 2007–2012, the northern and central grids were always the most important input-oriented and output-oriented grids, respectively. Furthermore, the input-oriented impacts of the six grids are similar, while the output-oriented impacts exhibit substantial variations among the different grids. Regarding the overall performance, the VWNCEPS exhibits a high level of system efficiency, whereas its flexibility is relatively low. Moreover, the VWNCEPS has a rapidly increasing positive effect on national water stress mitigation in China during 2007–2012, and the virtual water connection between the central grid and the eastern grid is found to be the main contributor to this positive effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The annual energy consumption of the cryogenic air separation units (ASUs) reaches 205 TWh in China, over 80% of which is consumed in the compression processes while over 60% of the compression work is dissipated as waste heat. Efficient recovery and utilization of this amount of heat is expected to bring significant economic and environmental benefits. Organic Rankine cycle (ORC) based waste heat recovery systems for generating extra electricity or/and cooling the inlet air of the air compressors are proposed to achieve power saving and evaluated in terms of thermodynamic, economic and environmental metrics. These include an ORC-based electric generator (ORC-e) for extra electricity, an electrically coupled ORC and vapor compression refrigerator (ORC-e-VCR) and a mechanically coupled ORC and VCR (ORC-m-VCR) for extra electricity and compression power saving. A 60,000-Nm3/h scale cryogenic ASUs is selected for case studies and influence of the feed-air temperature and humidity is focused in the analyses. The results show that among these three systems, the ORC-m-VCR and ORC-e-VCR systems have similar performance when the expansion work-electricity conversion efficiency (η e) is 90%, reaching the highest energy saving ratio of 11.7% and economic benefits with net present value achieving 154 million CNY. The ORC-m-VCR system outperforms the other two systems with η e of 60% and 30%. This work presents comprehensive comparison of various heat recovery systems and provides practical guidance for configuration selection and design to achieve effective energy saving in air compression processes. • ORC based waste heat recovery systems for air compression energy saving are compared. • Influences of feed-air condition and work-electricity efficiency are discussed. • Mechanically coupled ORC-VCR outperforms the others. • Maximum energy saving ratio of 11.7% is reached. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The corresponding fault signature waveform of the main generator terminal output changes before many aircraft generator failures occur. Therefore, detection and analysis of the output waveform change is an effective measure for diagnosing the interior fault of the aircraft generator. In this work, aiming at the basic fault characteristics, the simulation of generator fault characteristics at the three-phase unbalanced situation, through switching the general model to the phase-domain model of the generator, is put forward. The simulation results show that the model more accurately reflects the normal and fault operation of the aircraft generator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The shading-type BIPV claddings can act as power generators as well as external shading devices and insulation panels. There is little available information about the impacts of orientations and inclinations on the combined energy effects of the shading-type BIPV claddings, including the power output of PV modules, the cooling load reduction of windows and concrete walls. It is worth studying the effects of different shading-type BIPV cladding designs on the total energy saving in order to maximize the system’s energy performance. By considering the meteorological conditions in Hong Kong, the energy effect of the shading-type BIPV claddings with different surface azimuth angles, in terms of electricity generation and cooling energy consumption reduction is analyzed in this paper. Based on the investigations, the optimum design of the shading-type BIPV claddings for different orientations can be achieved. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In the field of Living Probabilistic Safety Assessment (LPSA) the reliability data updating is an important factor. In risk analysis equipment failure data is needed to estimate the frequencies of events contributing to risk posed by a facility. Five years data of emergency diesel generator (EDG) of Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) has been studied in this paper. The data updating process has been done by using two methods, i.e., the classical method and Bayesian method. The aim of using these methods is to calculate the operational failure rate (λ) and demand failure probability (p). The results show that the operational failure rate is 1.7E−3 per hour and the demand failure probability is 2.4E−2 demand per day for Daya Bay NPP. By comparing the results obtain from classical and Bayesian methods with EDF (Electric De France) it is concluded that the design and construction of Daya Bay NPP is very different than EDF therefore the reliability parameters used in Daya Bay NPP is based on the classical method. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The Shangdu power plant has four 600-MW turbine-generators connected to the North-China Grid through two 500-kV transmissions, which are compensated with 45% fixed series capacitors. Extensive studies conducted on the system model indicate that the system suffers from multimodal subsynchronous resonance (SSR). To solve the problem, a countermeasure is developed by combining the supplementary excitation damping control (SEDC) and the torsional stress relay (TSR). In this paper, the characteristics of the SSR problem are investigated. Then the developed SEDC is presented. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed SEDC as well as the results of model studies, field tests were conducted under various operating conditions. The tests fully exposed the realistic threat of SSR in the system. Meanwhile, it is demonstrated that the developed SEDC can improve torsional damping significantly, and thus solve the multimodal SSR problem effectively. This is the first time in China that practical SEDCs have been developed and their ability to mitigate multimodal SSR has been verified in a real series-compensated system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: An attempt was made to develop multiple regression models for office buildings in the five major climates in China – severe cold, cold, hot summer and cold winter, mild, and hot summer and warm winter. A total of 12 key building design variables were identified through parametric and sensitivity analysis, and considered as inputs in the regression models. The coefficient of determination R 2 varies from 0.89 in Harbin to 0.97 in Kunming, indicating that 89–97% of the variations in annual building energy use can be explained by the changes in the 12 parameters. A pseudo-random number generator based on three simple multiplicative congruential generators was employed to generate random designs for evaluation of the regression models. The difference between regression-predicted and DOE-simulated annual building energy use are largely within 10%. It is envisaged that the regression models developed can be used to estimate the likely energy savings/penalty during the initial design stage when different building schemes and design concepts are being considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The status of research and analyses of multiple coupling fields of rare earth permanent magnet electrical machines in China is introduced. Permanent magnet electrical machines with novel structure, Permanent Magnet Wind Power Generators, Permanent Magnet AC Servo Motors and Premium- efficiency Line-Start PMSMs are reported respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Wind turbine generator systems (WTGS) manufacture is booming in China. The key to success of the wind turbine generator industry is to construct the supply chain. However few papers focus on the supply chain. In China, many enterprises have started to manufacture the wind turbine generator system and the components. The supply chain of the wind turbine generator system is not well established in China. Many key components of WTGS still need to be imported, such as the principal axis bearing and electrical control systems. We review the status of wind turbine generator system manufacturing and analyze the problems of the supply chain in China. We analyze the problems about the supply chain from a macroscopic view. The aims of this paper are to let more scholars and experts know the status of the WTGS supply chain and to do something for building a successful industry in China. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

THERE IS GOOD NEWS IN THE WIND FOR PROPONENTS OF WIND POWER. WIND TURBINE CAPACITY HAS BEEN INCREASING DRAMATICALLY, AND THE UNIT COST OF POWER GENERATED BY WIND ENERGY IS EXPECTED TO DROP FURTHER. MUCH OF THIS WILL CONTINUE TO BE CREDITED TO CHINA''S EFFORTS, ACCORDING TO A NEW REPORT FROM THE GLOBAL INTELLIGENCE ALLIANCE. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A novel capsule pipeline transportation system using linear motor drives, called Magplane MagPipe, is under development with the intention to replace trucks and railways for hauling materials from the mine to the rail head, power plant, or processing plant with reduced operating cost and energy consumption. The initial demonstration of a MagPipe line in Inner Mongolia will be a 500-m-long double-pipe coal transport system with the design transportation capacity of 3 Mega-Mg per year. The pipeline consists of 6-m-long plastic pipe modules with an I-beam suspension system inside the pipe to carry sets of five coupled capsules. The pipe will also contain noncontinuous motor winding modules spaced at 50-m intervals. A set of Halbach-arrayed permanent magnets on the bottom of the capsules interact with the linear motor windings to provide propulsion. The motor is driven by variable frequency drives outside the pipe to control the speed. This paper briefly describes the overall MagPipe pipeline transportation system, including the preliminary conclusions of the linear synchronous motor analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivated by economic conditions, a great number of gas turbines' have been employed in China for power generation. High reliability and availability constraints underscore the need for a modern maintenance information system. This paper describes a non-linear gas path analysis technique based system, which is capable of providing the information of maintenance intervals of gas path components. This system broadly consists of two core modules: engine simulation and engine diagnostics. Data provided by GE mark V system are processed by diagnostics programs developed in LabVIEW environment. The results of diagnostics module are then utilised for condition maintenance decision. The application to PG9171E engine shows that this system has the advantage of high accuracy and is efficient on gas turbine performance analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we show an autonomous dispersed control system for independent micro grid of which performance has been substantiated in China by Shikoku Electric Power Co. and its subsidiary companies under the trust of NEDO (New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization). For the control of grid interconnected generators, the exclusive information line is very important to save fuel cost and maintain high frequency quality of the electric power supply, but it is relatively expensive in such small micro grids. We contrived an autonomous dispersed control system without any exclusive information line for dispatching control and adjusting supply control. We have confirmed through the substantiation project in China that this autonomous dispersed control system for an independent micro grid has a very satisfactory characteristic from the viewpoint of less fuel consumption and high electric quality. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 166(1): 28–35, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20618 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the design, fabrication and tests of a 1 MJ HTS magnet for SMES was presented. The magnet was fabricated by BSSCO tapes, it consisted of 44 pancakes, the inner diameter of the winding is 400 mm, the outer diameter is 568 mm and the height is 648 mm, the inductance is 6.38 H and the rated operation current is 560 A at 4.2 K. The tests show the magnet could be operated at the design parameters. The magnet will be used for the 1 MJ/500 kVA SMES unit which will be demonstrated at a 10 kV substation in Beijing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An extension diagnosis method based on the matter-element model and extended correlation function is presented for vibration fault diagnosis of steam turbine generators. First, the matter-element models of the vibration fault are built according to diagnostics derived from practical experience and then, vibration faults in steam-turbine generators can be directly identified by relation indices. The applications of this new method to generator sets in China have given promising results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the electricity transfer project in Guizhou Sheng, China. Infrastructure development; Recentralization of the state political and economic control; Diversification of its economy.

Reliable emergency power supply is essential to fire services installations. However, the extent of reliability and availability of standby generators in Hong Kong buildings are a query so far. This paper presents a generator reliability survey in Hong Kong. The results regarding fault events, reliability, and availability of standby generators are shown by means of analysis of their fault/failure records. Recommendations on reliable operation of standby generators are also provided in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports that Dongfang Electric Corp. has completed the shipping of the 1750 megawatt (MWe) generator for the Taishan 1 nuclear power plant with European Pressurized Reactor (EPR) units, which is under construction in China, and mentions the use of 1750 MWe of power at the plant.

A 4.8 MV impulse voltage generator and impulse current generators are used to perform lightning simulation on the Z11 helicopter radome. The radome system is composed of lightning diverter strips, air data probe and a 0.5 m long metal structure attached to the radome to simulate the helicopter body. The test facilities, process and the results are presented according to the Chinese CCAR27 standard. This test improved considerably the lightning protection performance of the Z11 radome system by optimizing the diverters. This resulted in successful passing of ground simulated lightning test requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the PLATeau Observatory (PLATO), which went blind after an exhaust leaked and caused its generator module to overheat. PLATO had operated continuously for 204 days before the leak. By the end of August 2008, it is hoped that solar power will revive some of its instruments. PLATO has four 14.5-centimeter telescopes and weather instruments to test conditions in eastern Antarctica, which is one of the coldest and driest places on Earth. The Polar Research Institute of China plans to add three 50-centimeter telescopes when the Institute return to the site.

The article reports that China is planning to expand its wind power generating capacity to 100,000 megawatts by 2020. National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), set the plan, which also hopes to have 15% of China's electricity generation coming from renewable sources such as hydropower and wind. Solar energy is not included as a power resource due to its high cost. It is noted that China has 5600 MW of installed wind capacity as of 2008. The plan is five times the previous target and more than twice the current world's installed capacity.

Reports on the contract awarded to Alstom by Three Gorges International Tendering in May 2004, to supply generating units to the Right Bank powerhouse in China. Specifications of the contract; Capacity of the Three Gorges project; Information on Alstom.

Discusses the contract awarded to electrics company General Electric (GE) to provide pump, turbine and motor, generator sets for mountainous areas in the southwest of Yixing City, China by Jiangsu Pumped Storage Power. Amount of the contract awarded to GE; Companies who signed the contract; Locations for the production of the equipment for the project.