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This article discusses the cytotoxic and antibacterial activities of chemical constituents found in the EtOAc extract of Uvaria hamiltonii twigs. The Uvaria genus has been traditionally used in medicine to treat malaria symptoms, fever, and stomach disorders. The study isolated 15 known compounds from the twig extract and tested their cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity. Some of the compounds showed potential in inhibiting cancer cell growth and exhibited antibacterial activity against certain strains. The article provides detailed information about the isolated compounds, including their physical properties and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. The research was supported by the Thailand Science Research and Innovation and conducted at Mae Fah Luang University. [Extracted from the article]

A new geranylated xanthone, nigrolineaxanthone AA (1) together with 18 known compounds (2–19) were isolated from latex and twig extracts of Garcinia nigrolineata Planch. ex T. Anderson. Some of the isolated compounds were assessed for their antidiabetic activities and cytotoxicity against three cancer cell lines. Of these, compounds 12 (IC50 value of 25.8 ± 0.2 µM), 16 (IC50 value of 124.8 ± 0.7 µM), and 17 (IC50 value of 44.4 ± 1.1 µM) exhibited the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory, α-amylase inhibitory, and glycation inhibition activities, respectively. Compound 11 showed glucose consumption and glucose uptake with IC50 values of 14.2 ± 0.8 µM and 3.1-fold. Compound 10 displayed cytotoxic activity against colon cancer (SW480) with an IC50 value of 4.3 ± 0.1 µM), while compound 2 showed cytotoxicity against leukemic cancer (K562) with IC50 value of 4.4 ± 0.3 µM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gonioridleylactam (1), a new compound, is a unique dimeric aristolactam isolated from the EtOAc extract of the twigs of Goniothalamus ridleyi King. The structure of gonioridleylactam (1) consists of two different aristolactams linked together with two methylenedioxy bridges at C–3/C–3′ and C–4/C–4′, generating a ten-membered ring of [1,3,6,8]tetraoxecine. A new natural product, gonioridleyindole (3-hydroxymethyl-1-methyl-1H-benz[f]indole-4,9-dione, 2), together with eight known compounds (3–10) were also isolated from this plant. Their structures were extensively characterized by spectroscopic methods and comparisons were made with the literature. Compounds 1–4, 7, and 9 were evaluated for their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Of these, 3,5-demethoxypiperolide (7) displayed the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, with an IC50 value of 1.25 µM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new C-benzylated flavone, uvariaruflavone (1), along with 13 known compounds (2–14) were isolated from the twig and leaf extracts of Uvaria rufa Blume. Their structures were established by extensive spectroscopic methods. Flavones (5–8) and cyclohexene (10) were isolated from U. rufa for the first time. Most of the isolated compounds were evaluated for their α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities. Of these, uvariaruflavone (1) showed the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 44.3 µM, while ferrudiol (12) displayed the highest α-amylase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 73.5 µM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new clerodane diterpene, 2β-methoxyhardwickiic acid (1), and four known compounds (2–5) were isolated from the twigs of Monoon membranifolium. The structure of the new compound was determined by extensive spectroscopic methods and ESITOFMS data. The absolute configuration of 1 was established by a comparison of its ECD spectrum and specific rotation with those of related previously reported compounds. All compounds were evaluated for their nitric oxide (NO) production inhibitory activities in RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Compounds 3 and 5 inhibited NO production with IC50 values of 16.1 and 28.9 μM, respectively, which were better than that of standard compound, indomethacin (IC50 = 32.2 μM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first phytochemical investigation of the twigs of Phaeanthus lucidus Oliv. resulted in the isolation and identification of four undescribed alkaloids, including two aporphine dimers, phaeanthuslucidines A and B, a hybrid of aristolactam-aporphine, phaeanthuslucidine C, and a C– N linked aporphine dimer, phaeanthuslucidine D, together with two known compounds. Their structures were determined by extensive analysis of spectroscopic data, and by comparison of their spectroscopic and physical data with previous reports. Phaeanthuslucidines A–C and bidebiline E were analysed and resolved by chiral HPLC to yield the (R a) and (S a) atropisomers, whose absolute configurations were respectively determined by ECD calculations. Phaeanthuslucidines A and B, bidebiline E, and lanuginosine showed α -glucosidase inhibitory activities with IC 50 values in the range of 6.7–29.2 μM. Moreover, molecular docking simulations of α -glucosidase inhibition of active compounds were studied. Phaeanthuslucidines A−D, undescribed dimeric aporphine alkaloids, and two known aporphine alkaloids were isolated from the twig extract of Phaeanthus lucidus Oliv. Phaeanthuslucidines A and B, bidebiline E, and lanuginosine showed α -glucosidase inhibitory activities with IC 50 values in the range of 6.7–29.2 μM. [Display omitted] • Four undescribed dimeric aporphine alkaloids were isolated from Phaeanthus lucidus. • Phaeanthuslucidine C was a hybrid of aristolactam-aporphine. • Phaeanthuslucidine D had an N -aryl linkage of a dimeric aporphine alkaloid. • Aporphine alkaloid dimers were successful resolved by chiral-phase HPLC. • Four aporphine alkaloids showed significant α -glucosidase inhibitory activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A phytochemical investigation of the twig extract of Trivalvaria costata (Hook.f. & Thomson) I.M.Turner has identified ten undescribed dimeric aporphine alkaloids, trivalcostatines A−J, one undescribed isoquinoline alkaloid, trivalcostaisoquinoline, and four known aporphine alkaloids. Their structures were elucidated by detailed analysis of NMR and HRESITOFMS data. Three of the dimeric aporphine structures were confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. All of the dimeric aporphine alkaloids were isolated as mixtures of atropisomers. Several of them were resolved by chiral-phase HPLC and the absolute configurations of the pure atropisomers were assigned by calculated and experimental ECD analysis. Bidebilines A and B, heteropsine, and urabaine showed α -glucosidase inhibitory activities with IC 50 values in the range of 4.1–11 μM. Ten undescribed dimeric aporphine alkaloids, trivalcostatines A−J, one undescribed isoquinoline alkaloid, trivalcostaisoquinoline, and four known aporphine alkaloids were isolated the twig extract of Trivalvaria costata (Hook.f. & Thomson) I.M.Turner. Four known aporphine alkaloids showed α -glucosidase inhibitory activities with IC 50 values in the range of 4.14–10.9 μM. [Display omitted] • Eleven undescribed alkaloids were isolated from Trivalvaria costata. • Undescribed aporphine alkaloids were dimers and they were atropisomers. • The (R a) and (S a) absolute configuration of atropisomer were determined. • Four aporphine alkaloids showed good α -glucosidase inhibitory activities. • Three x-ray structures of aporphine alkaloids were reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Thirteen compounds were isolated and identified from Polyathia cinnamomea twigs. • Oxoprotoberberine alkaloids are the major compounds of P. cinnamomea species. • Two compounds were confirmed absolute configuration by X-ray diffraction data. • Six compounds exhibited α -glucosidase inhibitory activity better than acarbose. • (−)-(13a S)-consanguine B exhibited NO inhibitory activity better than indomethacin. The first phytochemical investigation of Polyalthia cinnamomea led to the isolation and identification of two new oxoprotoberberine alkaloids, (−)-(13a S)-polyalthiacinnamines A and B, together with eleven known compounds. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods. The absolute configuration of miliusacunine E and consanguine B was established by X-ray diffraction analysis using Cu Kα radiation and ECD spectra, whereas the absolute configurations of polyalthiacinnamines A and B were established by comparison of their ECD spectra and specific rotations with those of miliusacunine E and consanguine B. Compounds 1 – 4 , 6 , and 8 exhibited α -glucosidase inhibitory activities (IC 50 values ranging from 11.3 to 57.9 µM) better than a positive control (acarbose, IC 50 83.5 μM). Compound 2 also exhibited NO production inhibitory activity with an IC 50 value of 24.4 μM (indomethacin, a positive control, IC 50 = 32.2 μM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]