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Vietnam’s tourism business has been dramatically affected by the Covid‑19 outbreak, leading to a considerable decrease in the number of tourists visiting the country. Tourism is vital in creating national income, attracting investment, encouraging exports, and stimulating growth in linked economic sectors. Therefore, this study examines the primary determinants that affect the competitiveness of tourist firms and their influence on business efficiency. The study utilizes qualitative and quantitative approaches, drawing on data collected from a sample of 870 corporate managers in five big cities in Vietnam. Quantitative analysis includes descriptive statistics and structural equation model performed using SPSS 20.0 and Amos. The key findings identified six crucial factors that determine the competitiveness and efficiency of tourism enterprises: (1) Quality of products and services, (2) Marketing capacity 4.0, (3) Organizational and management capacity, (4) Brand promotion, (5) Human resource quality, and (6) Social responsibility. These factors significantly impact the enterprises’ competitiveness and efficiency, with a significance level 0.01. These findings emphasize the significance of strategic policy actions to enhance these elements to promote post‑pandemic recovery and long‑term competitiveness in Vietnam’s tourism sector. The result provides valuable insights to policymakers and tourist stakeholders, facilitating evidence‑based policy development to improve competitiveness and business efficiency in Vietnam’s tourism industry after the Covid‑19 pandemic.

With the rapid development of tourism, it is imperative to forecast tourism demand to maintain the long-term stable development of the tourism industry and make good planning for future tourism enterprises. The study uses the classical model of artificial neural network-BP neural network for tourism number demand prediction, given the problems of traditional BP neural networks, such as prematurity and poor convergence speed, this paper studies the iterative optimization of the algorithm of particle swarm fusion immune mechanism and finds out the optimal network parameters, to build an IAPSO-BP tourism demand prediction model. Tourist amounts from 2007 to 2017 in certain area-related data samples, the training model of iterative speed and fitting effect, and the rolling forecasting method will be used to predict the 2018-2022 years of travel. It can be seen from the convergence curve that the convergence speed of parameter optimization of the IAPSO algorithm is the fastest; the improved IAPSO-BP network has the best training fitting effect, with a relative average error of 2.03% and an absolute average error of 4.37%, which is better than other forecasting methods. The IAPSO-BP prediction model has higher accuracy and better performance, which can provide an effective basis for the development planning of tourism enterprises and has higher practical application value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the influence of producer service industry agglomeration on the eco-efficiency of tourism enterprises based on the data from 2014 to 2019. It is found that there was a positive spatial correlation of the eco-efficiency of tourism enterprises in China. In the whole country, eastern and western regions, the specialized agglomeration of producer service industry promoted the eco-efficiency of tourism enterprises. The diversified agglomeration of producer service industry had obvious positive effect on the eco-efficiency of tourism enterprises in the central region. According to the logt test, the two types of agglomeration increased the probability of a tourism enterprise entering the "convergence club with higher eco-efficiency". The influencing mechanism test indicates that the specialized and diversified agglomeration of producer service industry could improve the eco-efficiency of tourism enterprises through "technology spillover effect" and "demonstration and learning effect". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disruptive potential associated with the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) has received significant attention in the context of the tourism sector. However, although the inability of tourism enterprises to harness the 4IR can adversely impact tourism enterprises, it remains an underexplored topic in emerging economies. This research note responds to this gap and compares the 4IR readiness of tourism enterprises in two different Indonesian destinations: Bali and Labuan Bajo. The findings indicate that the extent of the digital divide between the two locations, in terms of access to digital infrastructure and perceived potential benefits associated with the 4IR, needs urgent policy attention in the context of post-COVID recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study explores the structural relationships between sustainable development and competitive advantage in tourism enterprises, along with the mediating role of dynamic capability, especially following the impact of COVID-19. Design/Method/Approach: An online questionnaire survey was conducted to collect 430 valid primary data sets from middle and senior managers in Henan tourism enterprises. Covariance-based structural equation modeling was utilized to test the direct effect, while the bootstrap method was used for testing mediating effects. Findings: The results reveal that sustainable development has a significant impact on the competitive advantage of tourism enterprises from three sustainability dimensions: economic, environmental and social. Meanwhile, dynamic capabilities represented by adaptive, absorptive and innovative capacities play a mediating role between them. Conclusions/Recommendation: The reshaping of the tourism industry by COVID-19 requires practitioners to take dynamic capability seriously in an uncertain environment. The higher demand for sustainability from tourists after the pandemic also suggests that improvements are a viable way for tourism enterprises to restore and cultivate competitive advantage. Originality/ Value: This study focuses on public health emergencies which are scarce in tourism crisis research (Duan et al., 2021). In addition, it is designed to help managers identify elements that can be used as internal drivers (Wang, 2021) showing how firms can incorporate sustainable development into strategic management, as this is still lacking (Zhang et al., 2020) in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research has shown that firms' resources and management capabilities can contribute significantly to differences in firm resilience. However, little is known about the effect of board governance structures on tourism enterprise resilience during industry crises. This study is the first to explore the effects of board governance structure on tourism firms' resilience in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, this study constructed an econometric model, applying ordinary least squares and two-stage least squares with instrumental variables. The model was empirically tested using data from listed Chinese tourism companies for 14 months before and after the COVID-19 outbreak. The study's findings show that board structure significantly impacts tourism enterprises' risk resilience. The role of the board governance structure is significantly heterogeneous owing to differences in the proportion of independent directors, the shareholding ratio of directors and the dual role levels of the chairman and general manager of tourism firms. This study extends the growing tourism resilience literature by adding the important variable of board governance structure. The contribution of this study lies in providing strategic suggestions for tourism firms to enhance their resilience by adjusting their board governance structure, thereby increasing their ability to weather unexpected crisis events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is crucial to explore the impact of digital financial inclusion on tourism for national economic development. This paper utilizes panel data from 256 prefecture-level cities in China between 2011 and 2019 to examine the influence of digital financial inclusion on tourism. The findings demonstrate that digital financial inclusion significantly contributes to the development of the tourism industry. Notably, its coverage breadth, depth of use, and level of digitalization also have positive effects. Mechanism analysis reveals that digital financial inclusion facilitates the growth of tourism by supporting the development of tourism enterprises and enhancing consumer spending. Heterogeneity analysis further reveals regional and urban disparities in the promotion of digital financial inclusion, with the effect being more pronounced in the eastern region and larger cities. In comparison to existing studies, this paper delves into the mechanisms through which digital financial inclusion impacts tourism, as well as investigates regional and city size discrepancies. Consequently, governments should strive to foster the development of digital financial inclusion to attract market players and promote the advancement of residents’ consumption, thereby bolstering tourism development.

The digital economy drives the increase in total factor productivity (TFP) of tourism enterprises. The Spatial Durbin Model is used to analyse the influence of digital economy on TFP of tourism enterprises based on the market competition theory. The findings suggest that the digital economy promotes the TFP of tourism enterprises with spatial diffusion effect in China. Heterogeneity tests indicate that the digital economy has contributed to the growth of TFP of travel agency and the TFP of tourism enterprises in the eastern and central regions. Additionally, the spatial diffusion effect of the digital economy lags behind its direct effect. The digital economy promotes TFP growth of tourism enterprises by improving the market environment. The convergence effect of digital economy and market competition on TFP becomes significant with the growth in TFP of tourism enterprises. These findings are an extension and complement to the effective competition theory and optimal competitive intensity theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is crucial to explore the impact of digital financial inclusion on tourism for national economic development. This paper utilizes panel data from 256 prefecture-level cities in China between 2011 and 2019 to examine the influence of digital financial inclusion on tourism. The findings demonstrate that digital financial inclusion significantly contributes to the development of the tourism industry. Notably, its coverage breadth, depth of use, and level of digitalization also have positive effects. Mechanism analysis reveals that digital financial inclusion facilitates the growth of tourism by supporting the development of tourism enterprises and enhancing consumer spending. Heterogeneity analysis further reveals regional and urban disparities in the promotion of digital financial inclusion, with the effect being more pronounced in the eastern region and larger cities. In comparison to existing studies, this paper delves into the mechanisms through which digital financial inclusion impacts tourism, as well as investigates regional and city size discrepancies. Consequently, governments should strive to foster the development of digital financial inclusion to attract market players and promote the advancement of residents' consumption, thereby bolstering tourism development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to measure the impacts of COVID-19 on tourism entrepreneurs and business owners in Greece. For that purpose, electronic questionnaires were distributed to 548 tourism professionals coming from the domestic hotel, culinary, and travel agencies sectors. Furthermore, responses came from almost all the major tourist destinations of the country. The analysis of the data included several statistical techniques such as Factor Analysis, Parametric Tests (Independent T-tests and one-way ANOVA), Mediation and Bootstrap analyses. The results indicated that COVID-19 is expected to reshape Greece's tourism model, calling authorities to apply certain development policies for limiting the negative consequences of the new virus in the domestic tourism sector and in the national economy in general. Moreover, the impact of COVID-19 is differentiated on a firm and on a personal level. Firstly, small firms that operate in the culinary sector were more vulnerable to the effects of the pandemic. Likewise, persons with lower educational backgrounds and women were also more impacted by COVID-19 outbreak. In this context, policies for recovery should focus in reducing inequalities in the domestic tourism industry and strengthening social cohesion, moving towards more sustainable tourism models. The results are expected to help tourism authorities and local actors in Greece to take measures and apply policies for addressing effectively the problems that occurred in the domestic tourism industry due to the COVID-19 outbreak, aiming to enhance sustainability in the sector. Considering the importance that tourism plays for the Greek economy in terms of employment and turnover, addressing the problems of the pandemic gains growing importance. Lastly, the problems that arise from the research, which concern tourism professionals will assist state authorities to take immediate measures to support entrepreneurship and to ensure that tourism will remain the most dynamic sector of the Greek economy in the post-COVID-19 era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Geography & Geographic Information Science is the property of Geography & Geo-Information Science Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Forestry Economy is the property of China Forestry Economy Magazine Agency and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The focus of experiential tourism is for the consumer or visitor to experience the tourist destination and to actively interact with local people, cultures, and the place itself. In fact, it can be seen as a form of tourism that builds upon place identities, both tangible and intangible, by energetically introducing the visitor to the culture, history, nature, traditions, cuisine, and social life of a place. In doing so, the emotional, physical, or spiritual experience of the consumer becomes a dynamic source of place branding. The paper investigates the main features of experiential tourism in the Greek regions of Central Macedonia, and Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, and discusses their interactions with place identity. Our methodology consists of a qualitative survey based on semi-structured interviews with stakeholders and a thematic analysis to trace the main features of the experiential product and enterprises that develop such products. The paper concludes that experiential tourism in Greece bears many of the features highlighted in the literature. Furthermore, our findings underline some new aspects, especially the links between the experiential product, small and well-qualified enterprises, and a place's tangible and intangible identities, which make experiential tourism an opportunity for locales and their branding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article, the current state and peculiarities of Rivne region tourism infrastructure functioning have been analysed; the perspective directions of development have been defined. The main elements of tourism infrastructure are as follows: hotel restaurant businesses, trade establishments, tourism enterprises, transport connection, gas and petrol stations, means of communication, culture and entertainment establishments, bank system etc. Among the places of accomodations, children summer health and leisure enterprises dominate – 126, hotels and analogous means of accomodations comprise 15, other enterprises -3. The summary number of places is 1858. The restaurant sphere of the region is rather developed. In Rivnenschina, cafеs prevail – 798, cafeterias comprise 245, bars – 172, restaurants – 64, other enterprises – 241. 116 tourism enterprises conduct tourism activity. Among them 3 tour operators, 104 tour agents and 9 participants conducting excursion activity. The highest concentration of the tourism activity participants is observed in Rivne, Varash, Dubno, and in Rivne region. The network of cultural educational institutions comprises 2 regional theaters – Academic Ukrainian Music and Drama Theatre and Puppet Theatre, Regional Philharmonia, 590 public and public school libraries, 671 clubs and houses of culture, 5 cinemas, 14 state museums and historic cultural reserves, the Reginal Folk Art Center, the Culture and Rest Park and the Zoo. Economic complex and the country's population transport service are conducted by the three means of transportation: automobile, railway and air. The best tourism infrastructure provision is in Rivne, Dubno, Varash, Ostroh, and also in Rivne, Volodymyrets, Sarny, Bereznivs'k regions. The important directions of development are existant TI element improvement and creation of new ones, investation involvement, the Rivne Region international tourism market entrance.

Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In tourism business, international trade negotiation represents the main way to access performance, given the existence of a balance of benefits for all parties. Taking into account the great trends in the evolution of the world tourism, as a result of the permanent process of seeking solutions that will facilitate the exchange of tourists among countries, international trade negotiations must intensify their more obvious presence in bilateral relations, thus becoming the main and the most reliable means of international communication within the tourism business. This article presents the way in which modern negotiations are taking place in the tourism business and which represent an argument in support of determining the necessity of these negotiations on the one hand, and on the other hand – their way and complexity.

Social media is a virtual community or network platform that the public uses to achieve self-creation and it's sharing with others; under the social media environment, self-media channels become more abundant, and the autonomy and originality of content dissemination are also continuously enhanced. When tourism enterprises face increasing market competition, personalized and targeted promotional programs will, to a certain extent, have a certain appeal to competitors' potential customer groups, thereby providing tourism enterprise customers with relevant benefits for oriental information, and also serving as an important way for companies to develop new customers. Based on the summary and analysis of previous literature works, this paper expounded the research status and significance of social media environment, elaborated the development background, current status and future challenges of customer-oriented information analysis for tourism enterprises, introduced the methods and principles of customer's transfer value and life cycle and social media environment's cognitive composition, proposed a sentiment model of tourist-oriented information analysis under the social media environment, and analysed the management strategy and scheduling platform of customer-oriented information, constructed an analysis system of customer-oriented information in social media environment, performed the reliability, validity, transfer and perception value analysis of customer-oriented information and finally conducted case simulation and its result analysis. The study results of this paper provide a reference for further researches on the customer-oriented information analysis for tourism enterprises under the social media environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Tourism enterprises operating in a dynamic environment mitigate the erosion of competitive advantages by introducing new products, processes or marketing activities. Universities may serve as one of the essential sources of knowledge, enabling tourism enterprises to implement innovations. The article aims to identify the importance of cooperation with universities in driving innovation in tourism enterprises. Material and methods. To achieve the aim of the paper, an empirical study was carried out on a sample of 383 hotels and tour operators. Results. As a result, it was found that universities play a relatively minor role in innovation implementation and for inspiring innovative activity. However, the role of universities is highly diversified. For almost one-third of the entities, universities are important for innovative activities – they play a greater role in large entities, belonging to chains and operating longer on the market. It has also been identified that incremental and marketing innovations are most frequently created due to cooperation. Conclusions. Results indicate that for increased universities' role in innovation, companies' resources and absorption capacity are required. The article also suggests further directions of research on relations between universities and tourism enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Human Geography Journal is the property of V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There are many legislative and policy frameworks in South Africa that have been introduced specifically to promote tourism as a tool for poverty alleviation and socioeconomic growth and development. Part of the agenda is to make tourism enterprises accessible to all South Africans, especially the black South Africans who were previously denied opportunities to participate and thrive in the sector. The article highlights that there have been a plethora of these legislative and policy interventions for purposes of using tourism for inclusive socioeconomic growth and development. However, the extent to which they are being implemented has to be accelerated in order for these instruments to achieve the desired impacts and outcomes whereby poverty is drastically reduced through the creation of tourism enterprises. This would be ideal for the majority of the black South Africans particularly those who reside around the tourism attractions sites. It is against the backdrop of the potential of tourism to promote and accelerate socioeconomic transformation and alleviate poverty that this article examines legislative and policy frameworks that have been introduced to realise and deliver the needed results.

Copyright of OPUS - International Journal of Society Researches is the property of OPUS - International Journal of Society Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Small and medium-sized enterprises are often constrained by their size and limited resources. They can find themselves in an equity gap where they may find it difficult to raise capital for their business. Consequently, this contribution involves a content analysis of specific European Union policies and instruments that are aimed at supporting small and medium-sized enterprises in accessing finance. Moreover, it also presents a short case study of a tourism start-up that has raised its capital requirements through crowdfunding. This research sheds light on practitioner-oriented tools that can ultimately foster a climate for job creation, economic growth and competitiveness among small and medium-sized enterprises in the tourism and hospitality sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism enterprises, namely visitor attractions, activities and services, contribute significantly to overall visitor satisfaction. Developing an accreditation framework with quality assurance standards for tourism enterprises is part of a range of interventions designed to improve the outcomes for tourism in Tonga. This paper discusses the accreditation standards developed for hospitality enterprises and the training component which was delivered to assist the assessors. Interactive training workshops were held in Tongatapu in September 2015, for 30 participants, using a combination of theory, guidance manual and practical on-site assessment reviews. The training aimed to develop the skills of trainee assessors to enable them to conduct assessments of tourism enterprises to a consistent and reliable standard. Training in a developing country presented challenges for the trainers. This paper reports and reflects on some of those challenges and considers if the needs of the trainees and the Tongan government were fulfilled by these assessor workshops. It considers how this training and education may benefit tourism experiences and tourism growth for Tonga in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relevance of research of sustainable tourism development in the regional aspect is justified in the article. The aim of the work is construction a mechanism for the management of sustainable development of regional tourism based on cooperation of authorities with tourism enterprises and increasing their innovative activity. The model of sustainable development of the Republic of Belarus for the period up to 2030 is described. Various aspects of sustainable tourism development are examined. In the article it is proposed to study sustainable tourism development as a set of quantitative and qualitative changes that allow the transition to a higher level of balance of economic, social and environmental development of tourism in the region. The conditions of tourism development in the western regions of the Pripyat Polesie are characterized. The factors of sustainable development of tourism enterprises are outlined. Mechanism of management of sustainable tourism development in the region is shown. Expediency of public-private partnership using is founded. Partnership of the authorities and the tourism industry enterprises should be focused on the management of tourist market, the effective use of tourism resources and increase in tourist attractiveness of the region. Innovative activity is regarded as one of the ways of increasing the level of sustainable development of regional tourism. Directions and kinds of innovations in tourism are given. Innovative activity should be aimed at increasing tourist attractiveness of the region through the introduction of new types of tourism and improvement of existing ones, creation of conditions for tourism infrastructure and new tourist centers development, realization of effective marketing strategy for the development of domestic and inbound tourism, improvement of quality of accommodation and services in accordance with international requirements, introduction of new information technologies, creation of a single information resource of tourist area in different languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The computer technology nowadays is considered as a necessary tool for carrying out the activities and core business operations, but also as a communication tool, which thanks to the Internet network has created an ease and high comfort for the enterprises. The tourism industry is one of those industries where information and communication technology (ICT) is used at very high scale and is linked directly with the increased performance of services and tourism marketing. The main purpose of this study is to explore how the use of computer technology affects in enhancing the performance of the tourism enterprises (accommodation units, travel agencies and restaurants), how much it affects the efficiency of the enterprises and whether it fosters better decisions and higher income. The sample consisted of N = 208 participants, representatives of tourism enterprises concerned. The study is extended to five districts of Albania: in Tirana, Durres, Shkodra in Vlora and Saranda. The research instrument used is a questionnaire with 16 statements. Results have showed that the use of computers in their work significantly improves the performance, helps them to do their job faster, improves the quality of work etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the job advertisements for tourism enterprises in Turkey were examined by content analysis method. The data were collected by using 24 job advertisements published in two Turkish newspapers and 1397 in four Turkish websites. Thus, the database of the research for tourism enterprises includes of 1421 job advertisements. According to the findings, the first leading three cities in advertisements are İstanbul, Antalya and Muğla. In advertisemenst, its remarkable that the large number of city hotels stand out in relief. At the hotel enterprises in which the job advertisements are made mostly are the departments of front office, food and beverage and housekeeping. It has been found out that the advertisements in the study remain rather weak with regard to the facilities that the candidate employees are provided, some qualities that the candidate employees are supposed to have, and the contact information of the enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to reveal the inter-and intra-sectoral differences of the human resource flow and the factors impacting the differences, this paper did cross-analysis and mean-value analysis on the general characteristics of the human resources flow between tourism sectors, such as hotels, restaurants, travel agencies, scenic spots, tourist Networks and travel agencies by using the statistical analysis program of SPSS. The results show that the inter-sectoral differences of human resources flow are significant, especially the differences between hotels and travel agencies, hotels and scenic spots, travel agencies and tourism transportation, scenic spots and tourism Networks, and scenic spots and tourism transportation. The multivariate regression analysis indicates that the factors impacting the sectoral differences of tourism human resource include the demo-graphical factors such as age, marital status, education, annual income, professional title, job title and seniority, and the meso-factors such as payment satisfaction, advancement opportunities, quality of service and corporate loyalty, and macroeconomic factors such as the social environment and government behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Business registers are the foundation upon which all business statistics are compiled. In addition to providing sampling and weighting frames, they are a rich source of information on national and regional economic and industrial structures. The comprehensive coverage of business registers is of particular relevance in the context of tourism, which is a fragmented sector dispersed across a variety of industries. This paper presents a profile of enterprise demography and employment for the tourism industries in Ireland at county level, which corresponds with level 4 of the European Union spatial classification 'NUTS'. New metrics, entitled 'Tourism Dependency Ratios' are derived and mapped. These ratios illustrate how the tourism supply side can be analysed and understood from a spatial perspective. A full-time equivalent (FTE) estimate of employment in the tourism industries is also provided; this is especially important, as it provides a more stable and comparable measure of employment over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Research Papers of the Wroclaw University of Economics / Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wroclawiu is the property of Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Research Papers of the Wroclaw University of Economics / Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wroclawiu is the property of Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents the methodological approaches to assessing the economic interests of tourism enterprises. Expediency of a balanced scorecard for the study of the implementation of the economic interests of tourism enterprises is justified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to discuss the impact of financial innovations on the tourism enterprises in Istanbul. In this context, a qualitative research method is used. The restaurants, five star hotels, group A travel agencies active in Istanbul constitute the universe of the research. This research is carried out in Istanbul, one of the metropolis cities of Turkey. In this regard, 6 businesses including 2 hotels, 2 restaurants, 2 travel agencies constitute the unit of analysis. By creating the data form, the data was obtained from the senior managers of the enterprises determined beforehand. As a result of the research, it came up that using or creating financial innovations in the hotel enterprises effects performance. Also, it emerged that businesses take into account their financial, customer and internal processes, partially learning and development. That the research is conducted in one city only and the data is acquired from only six businesses comprise the limitation of this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Subprime mortgage crisis made the world''s tourism industry suffer a heavy blow. How to recover from the subprime mortgage crisis is an important issue for China''s tourism enterprises to be considered. Cultural factors have great influence on tourism businesses entering the international market, so how to succeed in cross-cultural marketing is the key to China''s tourism enterprises. This article focuses on cross-cultural attributes of tourism, the meaning and impact of cross-cultural marketing, the motives and advantages of cross-cultural marketing and points out the problems, such as communication barriers and cultural conflicts and so on. For the problems, we give the corresponding cross-cultural marketing strategies. In cross-cultural marketing, tourism enterprises in China should address the different geographical culture differences; focus on cultural adaptation; establish an open, inclusive corporate culture; implement diverse cultural mix of marketing so as to expand the development space for China''s tourism industry. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Today the internet provides, at modest cost, an unprecedented level of connectivity and the ability to communicate efficiently and effectively directly with customers. The emergence of the internet has led to the rapid growth of ebusiness, and this had an effect on the business of the tourism enterprises. One of the crucial issues in the e-business is to provide an appropriate level of quality of tourism service. E-business service providers strive to provide qualitybased services by investing significant amount of money and resources in the e-business technologies such as web design, user interfaces, advertisement, security and reliability, and web server performance. In this paper the research focuses on the performance of e-business for the application to the tourism enterprises. As is known to all, performance of the tourism enterprises plays a key role in the provision of quality-based services. A number of solutions have been proposed to improve the performance of e-business services for tourism consumers to purchase the tourism product and tourism service. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of RIUDS [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The paper focuses on tourism sustainability and environmental policies. It presents the findings of an empirical research study on environmental awareness in three Italian areas. The aim of the research was to study local stakeholders' environmental awareness so as to verify their willingness to support environmental needs. Institutional stakeholders and local tourism entrepreneurs were interviewed at each site. The areas have been analysed as case studies in order to evaluate the local communities' commitment towards protecting the environment. In addition, the opinions of different stakeholders within each site and across sites have been compared. This work also underlines the importance of endogenous processes of a socio-cultural type, such as primary drivers of innovative eco-compatible behaviours, compared with the role played by market-driven external forces or traditional government regulation. The findings demonstrate that, in lacking shared responsibility, conflicts and tensions inside the local community paralyse innovative environmental behaviours when they ought really to be turned into opportunities for debate so that shared strategies and solutions may be identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to determine the variables related to the applicability of corporate governance in the tourism enterprises in Safranbolu. For this purpose, theoretical aspect of the subject and its business life conditions are investigated. Theoretical part of the study was conducted by literature survey, and the application part was done by questionnaire for the determination of corporate governance in the tourism enterprises in Safranbolu. Data obtained from the questionnaire was analyzed by One-way ANOVA-Scheffe method and evaluated. The results show that there are differences among the tourism enterprises in Safranbolu in terms of the investigated variables according to the properties of the enterprises (type, legal structure, volume, and age). In other words, the effects of the classifications related to the enterprises on the variables related to the corporate governance are of different levels. According to this result, it can be suggested that the tourism enterprises in Safranbolu which have poor corporate governance should improve themselves on their corporate governance point of view, public enlightenment, and applications related to the employees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main object of this study is to explain the importance of strategic stakeholder management in tourism sector. In today's turbulent and chaotic business environment all businesses have to operate under the pressure of different interests and influences which management has to assess and evaluate to adjust them with corporate objectives. Therefore strategic stakeholder management practices could be considered as useful tools in dealing with the stakeholder interests in order to achieve corporate objectives. In making important corporate decisions, it is necessary to know about expectations and impacts of different stakeholders. In this study by examining former studies, the importance of the concept of stakeholder for organizations, the reasons why organizations should respond to their stakeholders and the need for managing stakeholders strategically, its importance and practices in tourism sector are demonstrated. In addition, the tourism sector managers' opinions and attitudes towards strategic stakeholder management are examined by interviews with managers of some tourism enterprises in Izmir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article approaches a procedure that includes the characterization of the studied object, the design of the mission, a strategic diagnosis based on the DAFO situational analysis, the DCG matrix, and the expert judgment among other techniques, as well as the projection of settings using the prospective technique. The central point was the declaration of a consequent and challenging vision which expresses the qualities that the entity tries to obtain based on shared values, planning of the general strategy, and the corresponding ones according to the objectives. Lastly, a control system of the strategic plan is included to guarantee the information flow and feedback. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Employees working in service industry are involved in their work not only with their intellectual and physical qualifications but also with their emotional qualifications. For this reason, it is essential to reflect the appropriate emotions or make emotional labor in the workplace. This paper examines to what extent the superficial behavior, profound behavior, genuine behavior, reflection of emotions and appearance rule criterion, which are identified as emotional labor factors in the literature, are taken into account in the employment process in tourism enterprises. In this study, job ads of tourism enterprises which took place in the Human Resources Newspaper were examined. 192 of the 389 ads which were published between January 2001 and July 2007 were taken into account for further examination. Findings were evaluated with correspondence analysis technique. Results highlight that genuine behavior was the emotional labor factor which was attached the highest importance. In this sense, good speech, optimism, empathy, adaptability and presentability were mostly preferred. On the other hand, results indicated that employees favoured superficial behavior factor and its related subfactors concerning the aviation businesses. Besides, it was found that emotional labor factors were paid attention in the employment process of hotel enterprises and also significant relationships were determined between the emotional labor factors and the department to which the employee will be placed, education level and the enterprise type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]